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Continental Drift and Plate Tectonics Science 10

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Page 1: Continental Drift and Plate Tectonics - Mr. Sjokvist · 2019-10-10 · Continental Drift and Plate Tectonics Science 10 . L1 17.1 Features of ... plate 5. When ready (not yet!), place

Continental Drift and

Plate Tectonics Science 10

Page 2: Continental Drift and Plate Tectonics - Mr. Sjokvist · 2019-10-10 · Continental Drift and Plate Tectonics Science 10 . L1 17.1 Features of ... plate 5. When ready (not yet!), place

L1 17.1 Features of

Plate Tectonics • What you will learn

• Layers of the earth

• Composition of layers

Page 3: Continental Drift and Plate Tectonics - Mr. Sjokvist · 2019-10-10 · Continental Drift and Plate Tectonics Science 10 . L1 17.1 Features of ... plate 5. When ready (not yet!), place

Layers of the Earth

These layers are the crust, mantle (upper and

lower), outer core, and inner core.

Page 4: Continental Drift and Plate Tectonics - Mr. Sjokvist · 2019-10-10 · Continental Drift and Plate Tectonics Science 10 . L1 17.1 Features of ... plate 5. When ready (not yet!), place

Crust (Lithosphere) – Layer that is 5-100 km

thick

Page 5: Continental Drift and Plate Tectonics - Mr. Sjokvist · 2019-10-10 · Continental Drift and Plate Tectonics Science 10 . L1 17.1 Features of ... plate 5. When ready (not yet!), place

Mantle – thickest layer, mostly solid except for

upper mantle (Asthenosphere) being able to

flow like “thick toothpaste”

Page 6: Continental Drift and Plate Tectonics - Mr. Sjokvist · 2019-10-10 · Continental Drift and Plate Tectonics Science 10 . L1 17.1 Features of ... plate 5. When ready (not yet!), place

Outer core – liquid iron and nickel

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Inner core – mostly solid iron, at tremendous

temperature and pressure

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Inner core – mostly solid iron, at tremendous

temperature and pressure

Page 9: Continental Drift and Plate Tectonics - Mr. Sjokvist · 2019-10-10 · Continental Drift and Plate Tectonics Science 10 . L1 17.1 Features of ... plate 5. When ready (not yet!), place

Physics Test Corrections

L1 Questions:

Read pgs491-495

Do Odd Todd p. 496

Yellowstone Video

Page 10: Continental Drift and Plate Tectonics - Mr. Sjokvist · 2019-10-10 · Continental Drift and Plate Tectonics Science 10 . L1 17.1 Features of ... plate 5. When ready (not yet!), place

L1 17.2 Theory of

Continental Drift

• What you will learn

• Theory of Continental Drift

• Evidence for it.

Page 11: Continental Drift and Plate Tectonics - Mr. Sjokvist · 2019-10-10 · Continental Drift and Plate Tectonics Science 10 . L1 17.1 Features of ... plate 5. When ready (not yet!), place

Continental Drift: The

Theory

• Alfred Wegener suggested it in the early

1900’s

• Based on Three pieces of evidence.

Page 12: Continental Drift and Plate Tectonics - Mr. Sjokvist · 2019-10-10 · Continental Drift and Plate Tectonics Science 10 . L1 17.1 Features of ... plate 5. When ready (not yet!), place

1. He noticed the excellent jigsaw

fit of South America and Africa

Page 13: Continental Drift and Plate Tectonics - Mr. Sjokvist · 2019-10-10 · Continental Drift and Plate Tectonics Science 10 . L1 17.1 Features of ... plate 5. When ready (not yet!), place

Looking for clues

• He sailed around the world looking for more

evidence that the continents were connected

in the past.

2.Rocks matched on each side of the Atlantic

ocean.

3.Fossils matched too.

Page 14: Continental Drift and Plate Tectonics - Mr. Sjokvist · 2019-10-10 · Continental Drift and Plate Tectonics Science 10 . L1 17.1 Features of ... plate 5. When ready (not yet!), place

Fossil

match

Page 15: Continental Drift and Plate Tectonics - Mr. Sjokvist · 2019-10-10 · Continental Drift and Plate Tectonics Science 10 . L1 17.1 Features of ... plate 5. When ready (not yet!), place

Pangæa • More work resulted in his discovery that all

the continents were connected at one time.

• This supercontinent was called “Pangea”

• He was of course not believed

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As a result of all this evidence Wegener came up

with the theory of

Continental Drift.

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L2 Questions:

Read pgs 497-500

Do Even Stefan p. 500

Page 21: Continental Drift and Plate Tectonics - Mr. Sjokvist · 2019-10-10 · Continental Drift and Plate Tectonics Science 10 . L1 17.1 Features of ... plate 5. When ready (not yet!), place

L2 17.3 Topics • Evidence for Plate Tectonics:

• Volcanoes

• Earthquakes

• Mid Ocean Ridges

• Magnetic Striping

• Ancient Glaciers

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Support for Wegeners theory came slowly. By the

1960’s the following pieces of evidence for Continent

motion had been discovered.

• Detailed maps of the earth showed volcanoes

and earthquakes only happened in certain

places. These were thought to be plate

boundaries.

Evidence for Plate

Tectonics

Page 23: Continental Drift and Plate Tectonics - Mr. Sjokvist · 2019-10-10 · Continental Drift and Plate Tectonics Science 10 . L1 17.1 Features of ... plate 5. When ready (not yet!), place

Ring of

Fire!!

Page 24: Continental Drift and Plate Tectonics - Mr. Sjokvist · 2019-10-10 · Continental Drift and Plate Tectonics Science 10 . L1 17.1 Features of ... plate 5. When ready (not yet!), place

• Glaciation patterns on the globe made more

sense if pangea were true

• Finally in the early 60’s detailed maps of the

sea floor bottom show mid ocean ridges

mountain ranges stretching across the globe.

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• Magnetic striping gave evidence that new

land is being formed under the oceans.

New land is formed at the ridge and

spreads outwards.

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Magnetic Striping

Page 29: Continental Drift and Plate Tectonics - Mr. Sjokvist · 2019-10-10 · Continental Drift and Plate Tectonics Science 10 . L1 17.1 Features of ... plate 5. When ready (not yet!), place

L2 Read pgs pg 501 - 503

Do 1-5 11,12 pg 504

Start Vocab p. 512 choose 10

Start Review ?s p. 514 choose 10

Page 30: Continental Drift and Plate Tectonics - Mr. Sjokvist · 2019-10-10 · Continental Drift and Plate Tectonics Science 10 . L1 17.1 Features of ... plate 5. When ready (not yet!), place

Convection activity 1. Plug in your hotplate and let it warm up!!

2. Fill up a 500 mL beaker with cold water

3. Get a chemistry stand, wire gauze and ring clamp

4. Set up the wire gauze half on the ring clamp, half on the hot

plate

5. When ready (not yet!), place the beaker on the gauze

6. Drop a single drop of indicator in the water, and draw its

path

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Draw your sketch here

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L3 Types of Plate Boundaries

There are 4 ways that 2 plates can interact.

Page 35: Continental Drift and Plate Tectonics - Mr. Sjokvist · 2019-10-10 · Continental Drift and Plate Tectonics Science 10 . L1 17.1 Features of ... plate 5. When ready (not yet!), place

1.Divergent (moving away from each other) eg.

midocean ridges.

2.Convergent Subduction: this is 2 plates

coming together and one being sucked under

the other. eg. pacific coast

3.Convergent Collision: this is 2 plates

crashing into each other and making

mountain ranges. eg India

4.Transform fault: 2 plates sliding by each

other. eg San Andreas Fault

4 Types of Boundaries

Page 36: Continental Drift and Plate Tectonics - Mr. Sjokvist · 2019-10-10 · Continental Drift and Plate Tectonics Science 10 . L1 17.1 Features of ... plate 5. When ready (not yet!), place

Divergent (moving away from each other) eg.

Define each of the 4 types of plate boundaries

State what type of effects we get from each, and

why

Give an example on Earth for each

Find a video clip demonstrating your favorite

type

In the computer lab, make a

brief presentation to share:

Page 37: Continental Drift and Plate Tectonics - Mr. Sjokvist · 2019-10-10 · Continental Drift and Plate Tectonics Science 10 . L1 17.1 Features of ... plate 5. When ready (not yet!), place

Divergent

Page 38: Continental Drift and Plate Tectonics - Mr. Sjokvist · 2019-10-10 · Continental Drift and Plate Tectonics Science 10 . L1 17.1 Features of ... plate 5. When ready (not yet!), place

Divergent Boundaries

• How to tell

• Plates moving away from each other <---->

• mid ocean ridges are formed at these

boundaries

• On land rift valleys form

• Volcanoes may be here

• eg. Iceland

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Convergent: Subduction

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Ocean/Ocean

Subduction Island

Chain

Deep

Trench

Volcanoes

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Deepest trench

Page 45: Continental Drift and Plate Tectonics - Mr. Sjokvist · 2019-10-10 · Continental Drift and Plate Tectonics Science 10 . L1 17.1 Features of ... plate 5. When ready (not yet!), place

Convergent Subduction

Plates moving towards each other >----<

• At least one plate is an ocean plate...

• Trenches form as one plate slides under the other

• Volcanoes and mountains form inland from the

trench if oceanic-continental convergent, e.g. BC

Coast

• Volcanic island arc if oceanic-oceanic, e.g. Fiji

• There are deep earthquakes

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Convergent: Collision

Page 47: Continental Drift and Plate Tectonics - Mr. Sjokvist · 2019-10-10 · Continental Drift and Plate Tectonics Science 10 . L1 17.1 Features of ... plate 5. When ready (not yet!), place

• How to tell

• Continental plates moving towards each other

>----<

• mountains are formed

• there are earthquakes

• eg. India into Asia

Convergent: Collision

Page 48: Continental Drift and Plate Tectonics - Mr. Sjokvist · 2019-10-10 · Continental Drift and Plate Tectonics Science 10 . L1 17.1 Features of ... plate 5. When ready (not yet!), place

Transform Fault

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• How to tell

• Plates moving past each other

• Earthquakes happen here

• eg. San Andreas Fault in California

Transform Fault

Page 51: Continental Drift and Plate Tectonics - Mr. Sjokvist · 2019-10-10 · Continental Drift and Plate Tectonics Science 10 . L1 17.1 Features of ... plate 5. When ready (not yet!), place

Fence offset by fault

movement

Page 52: Continental Drift and Plate Tectonics - Mr. Sjokvist · 2019-10-10 · Continental Drift and Plate Tectonics Science 10 . L1 17.1 Features of ... plate 5. When ready (not yet!), place

Look at the offset of the

trees!

Page 53: Continental Drift and Plate Tectonics - Mr. Sjokvist · 2019-10-10 · Continental Drift and Plate Tectonics Science 10 . L1 17.1 Features of ... plate 5. When ready (not yet!), place

Plate 1

Plate 2

Page 54: Continental Drift and Plate Tectonics - Mr. Sjokvist · 2019-10-10 · Continental Drift and Plate Tectonics Science 10 . L1 17.1 Features of ... plate 5. When ready (not yet!), place

San Andreas Fault

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Activity: Use the brown and blue “Key” books to

model these boundaries. What combination(s)

gives:

1. Transform? (sketch)

2. Divergent (sketch)

3. Convergent subduction (sketch)

4. Convergent collision (sketch)

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L3 Read pgs 505 - 507

Do 1-3, 5-8 pg 508

Friday is a Quiz Day

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Chapter Review

Finish Vocab p. 512: Choose 10

Chapter Review p. 514 Choose 10