contents easily comprehensible english
TRANSCRIPT
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IX
Super Refresher
To attain the grade
has all that you need
you are striving for.
All important points highlighted_
Points
that need to be mastered and remembered.
Each chapter divided into convenient Sections
.
to make the
contents easily comprehensible
Vernacular support given wherever required.
AllTextual Activities and Exercises appended with suitable answers.
Higher OrderThinking Skills
dealt with in detail.
(HOTS) andValue Based Questions
Compact, precise and pithy answers in simple, lucid and idiomatic language.
ModelTest Papers for final Revision & Practice.
Language is the dress of thought and well-dressed thoughts appeal instantly in
the manner of Love at First Sight.
Our Guiding Belief
IXD.P. Bhanot
Shailja Sangar
Co
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icativ
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EnglishCommunicative
Based on the CBSE syllabus, and textbook(s)
Volume -1
Wide range of Factual, Literary & Discursive
Passages for .Reading Comprehension
Writing Skills – Solved Exercises in Diary
Writing, Article Writing & Story Writing.
Relevant Sections from with
solved exercises & detailed explanation of rules.
Prescribed Workbook
All Questions on Reading,Writing & Grammar
appended with detailed Answer Keys.
Exam-style Integrated Grammar Exercises –
Gap Filling, Sentence Completion, Reordering
& Editing.
MALHOTRA BOOK DEPOT
2015
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IXREADING SKILLS
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D.P. BhanotShailja Sangar
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iNNER.psF:\Renu 2016-17\MBD Super Refresher-2016-17\MBD S.R. Communicative English-IX(Final) 08-02-2017\Volume I\Prelims Page\MBD COM English IX 2017 OK.CDRFriday, March 10, 2017 2:54:29 PMColor profile: Disabled
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We are committed to serve students with best of our knowledge and resources. We have taken utmost care and attentionwhile editing and printing this book but we would beg to state that Authors and Publishers should not be held responsiblefor unintentional mistake that might have crept in. However, errors brought to our notice shall be gratefully acknowledged andattended to.
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MBD BOOKS FOR IX C.B.S.E.� MBD Super Refresher Communicative English � MBD Super Refresher Social Science� MBD Super Refresher English Language & Literature � MBD Super Refresher Science� MBD Super Refresher Hindi Course 'A' � MBD Sanskrit Guide� MBD Super Refresher Hindi Course 'B' � MBD Super Refresher Punjabi� MBD Super Refresher Mathematics
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HOLY FAITH INTERNATIONAL (P) LTD.B-9 & 10, Site IV, Industrial Area, Sahibabad (U.P.).
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SECTION–A(Reading Comprehension)
1. Passages of Type-I (Fully Solved) 3–20
Passages for Practice 21–34
2. Passages of Type-II (Fully Solved) 35–52
Passages for Practice 53–66
3. Passages of Type-III (Fully Solved) 67–78
Passages for Practice 79–88
SECTION–B.1(Composition Writing)
1. DIARY WRITING 91–98
2. ARTICLE WRITING 99–120
1. Licence to Drive, Not Licence to Kill 101
2. Tiger Becoming Extinct 102
3. Safety of Tourists to Kashmir 102
4. Consequences of Sedentary Life 103
5. Pollution and Migratory Birds 103
6. Children and TV Advertising 104
7. Importance of Music in Life 104
8. The Green Gardens Resort 105
9. Scarcity of Clean Drinking Water 105
10. Stop Crowding Hamirpur 106
11. Cancer — A Silent Killer 106
12. Promotion of Tourism 107
13. Role of School in a Child’s Life 107
14. Climate Trends in Recent Years 108
15. Importance of Trees 108
16. The Junk Food Menace 109
17. Pollution 109
18. Measures against Malaria 110
19. Smoking — A Silent Killer 110
20. Patriotism and the Youth 111
21. Overpopulation 111
22. Stepmotherly Treatment to Hockey 112
23. Tree Plantation 113
24. The Generation Gap 114
25. Slaves to Machines 115
26. Need of Environmental Awareness 115
27. Conserve Every Drop of Water 116
28. Save the Planet Earth 117
29. Video Games and Violence 117
30. Changed Face of the City 118
31. Global Warming 119
32. Influence of Films 120
33. Leaders can’t be Created 120
3. SHORT STORY WRITING 121–134
TYPE - I
1. An Accident on a Dark Wintry Night 123
2. Having a Cat as a Pet 123
3. Stick No Bills 124
4. Broken Arm and Leg from Kite Flying 124
5. A Sleepless Summer Night 124
6. A Coolie’s Daring Act 125
7. Travelling on the Roof of a
Crowded Bus 125
ENGLISH COMMUNICATIVE – CLASS IX
VOLUME I
SECTIONS—A, B.1 & B.2
(READING, WRITING & GRAMMAR)
1. Contents (i-ii).P65 3/6/17, 3:02 PM1
(i)
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8. The Rescue 125
9. A Carpenter’s House on Fire 126
10. A Horrible Storm 126
11. Meeting a Childhood Friend 127
12. A Noble Act 127
13. The Story of My Lost Bicycle 128
14. Tragic End of an Old Man 128
15. A Pleasant Surprise 129
TYPE - II
1. The Fox and the Crane 129
2. The Fox and the Goat 129
3. Two Foolish Goats 130
4. The Lion and the Mouse 130
5. The Wolf and the Lamb 130
6. The Shepherd-boy and the Wolf 131
7. The Vain Stag 131
8. The Greedy Dog 131
9. The Hare and the Tortoise 132
10. The Bee and the Dove 132
11. The Capseller and the Monkeys 132
12. Half the Profit 133
13. The Tailor and the Elephant 133
14. Two Friends and the Bear 133
15. King Bruce and the Spider 134
SECTION–B.2
(Grammar)
Examination-Style Integrated
Contextual Exercises 137–172
Type I. Gap Filling 137
Type II. Completing Headlines 143
Type III. Dialogue Completion 145
Type IV. Correction of Errors 151
Type V. Rearranging Jumbled Words 153
Type VI. Editing (Finding and
Correcting Errors) 159
Type VII. Editing (Supplying
Missing Words) 163
Prescribed Workbook (Solved Exercises) 173–246
1. Verb Forms 173
2. Determiners 185
3. Future Time Reference 197
4. Modals 207
5. Connectors 213
6. The Passive 219
7. Reported Speech 229
8. Prepositions 239
1. Contents (i-ii).P65 3/6/17, 3:02 PM2
(ii)
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(iii)
1. He who knows not and knows not
he knows not,
he is a fool — shun him.
2. He who knows not and knows
he knows not,
he is simple — teach him.
3. He who knows and knows not
he knows,
he is asleep — wake him.
4. He who knows and knows
he knows,
he is wise — follow him !
(An Arabic Apothegm)
1. Contents (i-ii).PMD 2/22/2017, 3:56 PM3
DDDDDo Yo Yo Yo Yo Yooooou Ku Ku Ku Ku Knnnnnooooow ?w ?w ?w ?w ?
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(iv )
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READING COMPREHENSION
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Examination Specifications :
Q. 1-2. This section will have two passages. The arrangement within the reading section
is as follows :
Q. 1. A Factual passage of 300-350 words with eight very-short-answer type questions.
Q. 2. A Discursive / Literary passage of 350-400 words with four short-answer
type questions to test inference, evaluation and analysis and four very-short-
answer type questions to test vocabulary.
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2
WHAT TO DOThe aim of ‘Reading Comprehension’ is to measure your ability to read and understand.
For this reason, you will not be penalised for mistakes in grammar, spelling or punctuation,
provided that you have shown a good understanding of the passage. However, you still
need to be careful with your language, because marks can only be awarded if you have
expressed your ideas clearly. Examiners cannot give you any marks if they are unable to
understand what you are trying to say !
Always try to answer the questions briefly. Often, it is possible to give a good answer,
using only a single word or phrase, and it is not necessary to write in complete sentences.
You may also answer using an expression taken from the passage, provided that it gives a
good, brief answer to the question. But beware of just copying from the passage without
really understanding what you are writing ! You will not gain any marks for this kind of
answer.
This section also includes some vocabulary questions, but these are designed to test
your reading skills rather than the size of your vocabulary. If you already know the word
which is being tested, this is fine. However, if you do not know the word, you should use
your reading skills to work out the meaning from the context as you have practised in
some exercises of your Main Coursebook. A large number of passages, including passages
from various Question Papers, have been given here for your practice. Attempt these
passages yourself and then have them checked by your teacher.
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UNSEEN COMPREHENSIONPassages of Type-I
(Fully Solved)
Note : Model answers to all these passages have been given at the end of this Set. Students are advisedto attempt each passage themselves and then compare their answers with the given answers, orhave them checked by their teachers.
PASSAGE 1
1 Wolves, jackals and foxes –– all belong to one family, the family of dogs. They are found on all thecontinents except Antarctica. The legs of the animals in this family are long and well-shaped. Thepaws have strong blunt claws. All the animals run fast, some at a speed of 65 kilometres an hour !
2 The hair is thick and of various shades of grey or red. Some of the animals are striped. Oneof the African jackals is called the striped jackal. The African wild dog has black, white andyellow spots. This is the only wild animal that has hair of three colours.
3 The largest and strongest animal in the dog family is the wolf. It can run so fast with a goat orsheep on its shoulder that you can hardly catch up with it even on a good race horse. It is verytrue to say that the wolf lives by its feet. Sometimes, it runs 60 kilometres a day in search of a prey.And not always does it find it, even running that distance. It is not easy for an animal in the wildto find food. For this reason, when a wolf makes a good kill, it gorges1 itself. It can eat 10kilograms of meat at one time. The wolf has very strong jaws. It can crush large bones easily. Thejackal is the most cunning member of the dog family. People don’t like it because it is a terriblethief. What cunning it shows ! If a jackal wants to catch a crow or a magpie2, it lies down by theroad and makes it believe it is dead. When the bird sees the jackal, it comes down to peck at the‘dead’ flesh. Up jumps the cunning jackal, and that is the end of the bird !
4 There are many tales about the cunning fox, but they are all untrue. The wolf and the jackalare far more cunning than the fox. It is certainly not a capricious3 animal. It never hunts justto kill. It feeds mainly on barn4 and field mice. It is a master at catching these rodents5 thatdo so much damage to farms.
Word-meanings : 1. gorges—eats greedily, fills itself, ÃÊ’«∏UÃÊ«∏U πÊÃÊ „ÒU, ¬≈U ∑§Ê ¬Í⁄UË Ã⁄U„U ÷⁄U ‹ÃÊ „ÒU; 2. magpie—anoisy black-and-white bird, ∞∑§ ∑§Ê‹-‚$»§Œ ⁄¢Uª ∑§Ê ‡ÊÊ⁄U ◊øÊŸ flÊ‹Ê ¬ˇÊË; 3. capricious—suddenly changing in behaviouror attitude, •¬ŸË œÊ⁄UáÊÊ ÿÊ √ÿfl„UÊ⁄U ∑§Ê ∞∑§Œ◊ ’Œ‹ ŒŸ flÊ‹Ê; 4. barn—simple building for storing hay, grain, etc. ona farm, πÁ‹„UÊŸU;U 5. rodents—types of small animals that gnaw things with their strong front teeth, e.g. rats,squirrels, fl ¿UÊ≈U ¡ÊŸfl⁄U ¡Ê •¬Ÿ ‚Ê◊Ÿ flÊ‹ ◊ Ê’Íà ŒÊ¢ÃÊ¥ ‚ øË ÊÊ¥ ∑§Ê ∑ȧÃ⁄Uà „Ò¥U, ©UŒÊ„U⁄UáÊÊÕ¸ øÍ„U, Áª‹„UÁ⁄UÿÊ¢–
Answer the following questions briefly :
1. Where are the striped jackals found ?2. Which animal in the dog family has black, white and yellow spots ?3. Which is the largest and strongest animal in the dog family ?4. Why is it true to say that a wolf lives by its feet ?
3
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MBD SUPER REFRESHER COMMUNICATIVE ENGLISH (IX CBSE)4
5. How much can a wolf eat at one time ?6. Which is the most cunning member of the dog family ?7. Why is a jackal not liked ?8. What is not true to say about a fox ?
PASSAGE 2
1 You know that the earth goes round the sun and the moon goes round the earth. You know alsoperhaps that there are several other bodies which, like the earth, go round the sun. They areMercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune. All these, including our earth,are called planets of the sun. The moon is called a satellite1 of the earth because it keeps goinground the earth. The other planets have also got their satellites.
2 The sun and the planets with their satellites form a happy family, called the solar system. Solarmeans belonging to the sun. The sun is the father of all the planets, so the whole group is calledthe solar system.
3 At night, you see thousands of stars in the sky. Only a few of them are planets. We can easilydistinguish2 between a planet and a star. Compared to the stars, the planets are really very tiny,like our earth. But they look bigger than stars because they are much nearer to us. Comparedto a star, the moon is really quite like a baby. It looks so big because it is very near to us. Thereal way to distinguish a star from a planet is to see whether it twinkles or not. Stars twinkle3,planets don’t. Planets shine only because they get the light of the sun. It is merely the sunshineon the planets or the moon that we see.
4 Stars are like the sun. They shine of themselves because they are very hot and burning. In fact,the sun itself is a star. It looks bigger than stars because it is much nearer. We see it as a greatball of fire in the sky.
5 Thus our earth belongs to the family of the sun. We think the earth is very big. Compared toour tiny selves, it is truly very big. It takes weeks and months in a fast train or ship to go fromone part of the earth to another. But although it seems so big, it is just like a speck4 of dusthanging in the air. The sun is millions of miles away and the other stars are even further away.That is why they look so small to us.
Word-meanings : 1. satellite—a natural body in space that moves round a larger body, especially a planet,©U¬ª˝„U; 2. distinguish—tell the differences, ÷Œ ∑§⁄UŸÊ; 3. twinkle—to shine with a light that changes constantly frombright to faint, Á¤Ê‹Á◊‹ÊŸÊ; 4. speck—a tiny particle, ∑§áÊ–
Answer the following questions briefly :
1. Name the planets that move round the sun.2. What does the solar system consist of ?3. What do we see in the sky at night ?4. How can you distinguish a star from a planet ?5. Why does the moon look bigger than the sun ?6. What makes the sun shine ?7. What makes the moon shine ?
8. How big is the earth as compared to the sun ?
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UNSEEN COMPREHENSION
PASSAGE 3
1 What is trade and how did it begin ? Today you see large shops and it is so easy to go insidethem and buy what you want. But do you ever think where the things you buy come from ?You may buy a woollen shawl in a shop in your city. It may have come all the way from Kashmirand the wool may have grown on the backs of sheep in the mountains of Kashmir or Ladakh. Awatch that you buy may have come in ships and railway trains all the way from Japan. So also,you may buy things made in America or China or Paris or London. Great ships are alwayscarrying the goods of one country to another. But it was not always so.
2 In the early days when man settled down1, there was very little trade. Everything that a manwanted, he had to grow himself or make himself. Sometimes it must have happened that onetribe2 had a great deal3 of one thing and another a great deal of something else. It was naturalfor them to exchange goods. For instance4, one tribe might give a cow for a bag of grain. Therewas no money in those days. Things could only be exchanged. So exchange began. It must havebeen rather inconvenient. To get a bag of grain, or something like it, one had to carry a cowor maybe a couple of sheep !
3 When gold and silver were found, people started using them for trade. It was easier to carrythem. And gradually5, the custom6 arose of paying for things in gold and silver. The first personwho thought of this must have been a very clever person. The use of gold and silver made tradevery much easier. Even then, there were no coins as we have them now. Gold used to be weighedin a balance and then given to another person. Much later came coins and these made tradeand exchange still simpler. No weighing was required then as everybody knew the value of acoin. Now money (in many different forms) is used all over the world.
Word-meanings : 1. settle down—to adjust to one’s position, Á≈U∑§ŸÊ, ’‚ ¡ÊŸÊ; 2. tribe—a group or class ofpeople, ∑§’Ë‹Ê, ¡ÊÁÃ; 3. deal—quantity, ◊ÊòÊÊ; 4. instance—example, ©UŒÊ„U⁄UáÊ; 5. gradually—slowly, œË⁄U-œË⁄U;6. custom—tradition, ¬⁄¢U¬⁄UÊ, ø‹Ÿ–
Answer the following questions briefly :
1. What is trade ?
2. Where do the things in a shop come from ?
3. What had man to do in early days ?
4. What did the men exchange in the early days ?
5. How did the use of gold and silver make trade easier ?
6. Why don’t we have to weigh coins ?
7. How can you say that exchanging goods for goods was rather inconvenient ?
8. What has been said about the person who first thought of paying for things in goldand silver ?
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MBD SUPER REFRESHER COMMUNICATIVE ENGLISH (IX CBSE)6
PASSAGE 4
1 Three-fourths of the surface of our planet1 is covered by the sea, which both separates andunites the various races of mankind. The sea is the great highway along which man may journeyat his will, the great road that has no walls or hedges hemming2 it in, and that nobody has tokeep in good repair with the aid of pickaxes3 and barrels of tar and steamrollers. The sea appealsto man’s love of the perilous4 and the unknown, to his love of conquest, his love of knowledge,and his love of gold. Its green, and grey, and blue, and purple waters call to him, and bid himfare forth in quest of fresh fields5. Beyond their horizons, he has found danger and death, gloryand gain.
2 In some great continents, such as America and Australia, there are towns and villages manythousands of miles from the coast, whose children have never seen or heard or felt the wavesof the sea. But in the British Isles, it is nowhere much more than a hundred miles from themost inland6 spot. The love of the sea is in the very blood of the British people.
3 The great surface of the sea seems about the same everywhere; but its floor is very uneven. Ithas mountains and plains like the continents. Here and there are great deeps like tremendoussaucers7. At other places are hills and valleys. On the ocean floor are mountains whose loftysummits8 rise to the surface of the sea and form islands such as the Hawaiian group9.
4 We know that the average depth of the sea is about two and a half miles, but in a few placesit is very deep indeed — over six miles. If the highest mountain in the world, Everest, whichis nearly six miles high, could be placed in this deepest place in the Pacific, the mountaintopwould still be more than half a mile under the surface of the sea.
Word-meanings : 1. planet—any of the bodies moving around a star (such as the sun) and illuminated by it.Our earth is also a planet which moves round the sun and is illuminated by it, ª˝„U; 2. hemming—surroundingand restricting the movement of, ÉÊ⁄UÃË „ÈU߸; 3. pickaxe—large tool used for breaking stones, ¬àÕ⁄U ∑§Ê ÃÊ«∏UŸ ∑§Ë ªÒ¥ÃË;4. perilous—dangerous, $πÃ⁄UŸÊ∑§; 5. fare forth in quest of fresh fields—go on in search of fresh lands or areas ofknowledge, Ÿß¸ ¡ª„UÊ¥ ÿÊ ôÊÊŸ ∑§ ˇÊòÊÊ¥ ∑§Ë πÊ¡ ◊¥ ¡ÊŸÊ; 6. inland—situated in the interior of the country, not by the sea,Œ‡Ê ∑§ ÷ËÃ⁄U; 7. tremendous saucers—very huge curved dishes, ’„ÈUà Áfl‡ÊÊ‹, fl∑˝§Ê∑§Ê⁄U ÇÃÁ⁄UÿÊ¢; 8. summits—peaks, øÊÁ≈UÿÊ¢;9. Hawaiian group—a group of 20 islands about 2,400 miles from the west coast of the United States, „UflÊ߸ mˬ-‚◊Í„U–
Answer the following questions briefly :
1. How much of our planet is covered by the sea ?
2. What do you think about the sea as a highway ?
3. What has man found beyond the horizons of sea waters ?
4. What call do the waters of the sea make to man ?
5. Why do you think children in some big continents have never seen the sea ?
6. How do the British people have the love of the sea in their very blood ?
7. What is the difference between the surface and the floor of the sea ?
8. What is the average depth of the sea ?
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UNSEEN COMPREHENSION
PASSAGE 5
1 There are three main groups of oil : animal, vegetable and mineral. Great quantities of animaloil come from whales; those enormous creatures of the sea which are the largest remaininganimals in the world. To protect the whale from the cold of the Arctic1 seas, nature hasprovided it with a thick covering of fat called blubber2. When the whale is killed, the blubberis stripped off and boiled down, either on board ship or on shore. It produces a great quantityof oil which can be made into food for human consumption. A few other creatures yield oil,but none so much as the whale. The livers of the cod3 and the halibut4, two kinds of fish, yieldnourishing oil. Both cod liver oil and halibut liver oil are given to sick children and otherinvalids who need certain vitamins. These oils may be bought at any chemist’s.
2 Vegetable oil has been known from antiquity5. No household can get on without it, for it is usedin cooking. Perfumes may be made from the oils of certain flowers. Soaps are made fromvegetable and animals oils.
3 To the ordinary man, one kind of oil may be as important as another. But when the politicianor the engineer refers to oil, he almost always means mineral oil, the oil that drives tanks,aeroplanes and warships, motor cars and diesel locomotives; the oil that is used to lubricate allkinds of machinery. This is the oil that has changed the life of the common man. When it isrefined into petrol, it is used to drive the internal-combustion engine6. To it we owe the existenceof the motor car, which has replaced the private carriage drawn by the horse. To it we owe thepossibility of flying. It has changed the methods of warfare on land and sea. This kind of oilcomes out of the earth. Because it burns well, it is used as fuel and in some ways it is superiorto coal in this respect. Many big ships now burn oil instead of coal. Because it burns brightly,it is used for illumination; countless homes are still illuminated with oil-burning lamps. Becauseit is very slippery, it is used for lubrication.
Word-meanings : 1. Arctic—of the regions around the North Pole, ©UûÊ⁄UË œÈ̋fl ∑§ ˇÊòÊ; 2. blubber — fat of whalesand other sea animals from which oil is obtained, uÔU‹ •ÊÒ⁄U •ãÿ ‚◊Ⱥ˝Ë ¡ËflÊ¥ ∑§Ë ø’˸ Á¡‚‚ Ë ¬˝ÊåàÊ Á∑§ÿÊ ¡ÊÃÊ „ÒU;3. cod—large sea fish, ∞∑§ ¬˝∑§Ê⁄U ∑§Ë ’«∏UË ‚◊Ⱥ˝Ë ◊¿U‹Ë; 4. halibut—large flat sea fish, ∞∑§ •ãÿ ¬˝∑§Ê⁄U ∑§Ë ’«∏UË, ø¬≈UË ‚◊Ⱥ˝Ë◊¿U‹Ë; 5. antiquity—ancient times, before the middle ages, ◊äÿ-∑§Ê‹ ‚ ¬È⁄UÊŸÊ ‚◊ÿ; 6. internal-combustion engine—an engine in which the combustion that generates the heat takes place inside the engine proper instead of in afurnace, ∞∑§ ∞‚Ê ß¢¡Ÿ Á¡‚◊¥ Ãʬ ∑§Ê ©Uà¬ÊŒŸ ߢ¡Ÿ ∑§ •¢Œ⁄U „UË ªÒ‚Ê¥ ∑§ ¡‹Ÿ ‚ „UÊÃÊ „ÒU, Ÿ Á∑§ Á∑§‚Ë ’Ê„U⁄UË ÷_ÔUË ‚–
Answer the following questions briefly :
1. What are the three main groups of oil ?
2. Which is the largest animal in the world ?
3. What do we get from the whale ?
4. What protects the whale from the cold ?
5. What are the various uses of vegetable oil ?
6. Which oil has changed the life of the common man ?
7. What does mineral oil give us ?
8. Why is mineral oil used for lubrication ?
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MBD SUPER REFRESHER COMMUNICATIVE ENGLISH (IX CBSE)8
PASSAGE 6
1 Bamboo is perhaps the most useful plant in the world. It grows in almost all tropical1 andsubtropical countries. The only continents in which bamboo does not grow are Europe andAntarctica. In India, it grows extensively2 in the north-east and in the Western Ghats. Thereare varieties of bamboo that grow to a height of 40 metres, and others that reach a height ofonly a metre. Bamboo is among the fastest-growing plants of the world; one plant in Japanrecorded a growth of 121 centimetres in one day ! You could almost see it growing !
2 The bamboo is a variety of grass, with a woody, many-jointed stem3. The stem itself is hollowand is connected to a rhizome4 network which spreads out beneath the surface of the soil.Roots grow out of this network of rhizomes and help the plant to absorb5 and distribute foodand water from the soil. Many species6 of bamboo flower7 once in several years and then die.One species flowers regularly once in 120 years; bamboos of that species all over the worldflower together in the same year, and then die.
3 Bamboo is a versatile8 plant. Men have found several uses for it. Bamboo shoots are staple9 dietin many Asian countries. The shoots are pickled or stewed, and served as delicacies. Thefleshy fruits of one species of bamboo in Assam are eaten raw or cooked. When there is adrought10, bamboo seeds are used as a substitute for rice.
4 The commercial uses of a bamboo are astonishing. India produces over 3 million tonnes ofbamboo annually, and nearly half of it is turned into paper. Another important use of bamboois in housing. Instead of costly timber11, bamboo can be used in the construction of houses. InColumbia, bamboo used in house structures is covered with plaster. Bamboo can even replacesteel in many of its uses. Concrete reinforced12 with bamboo has sufficient strength for mostuses. In Assam, suspension bridges have been built using bamboo. Scientists at the Forest ResearchInstitute, Dehradun, are working on the extraction13 of diesel fuel from the jointed stem ofbamboo. With its network of rhizomes and roots, bamboo plays an important role in theprevention of soil erosion.
Word-meanings : 1. tropical—situated in the tropics, ©UcáÊ ∑§Á≈U’¢œËÿ; 2. extensively—covering a large area, greatin amount, ’„ÈUÃÊÿà ◊¥; 3. stem—the main thick part of a plant above the ground, ßÊ; 4. rhizome—the thick stemof some plants that grows along or under the ground and has roots and stems growing from it, ¬˝∑¢§Œ; 5. absorb—to take in, ‚Êπ ‹ŸÊ; 6. species—groups into which animals, plants, etc. are divided, ¡ÊÁÃ, Á∑§S◊; 7. flower—bloom,Áπ‹ŸÊ; 8. versatile—having many uses, ∑§ß¸ ¬˝∑§Ê⁄U ‚ ¬˝ÿÈÄà „UÊŸ flÊ‹Ê; 9. staple—important part of something, ◊ÈÅÿ;10. drought—a little or no rain, ‚ÍπÊ, •ŸÊflÎÁc≈U; 11. timber—wood prepared for use in building, ß◊Ê⁄UÃË ‹∑§«∏UË;12. reinforce—make stronger, ÖÿÊŒÊ ◊ Ê’Íà ’ŸÊŸÊ; 13. extraction—taking out, ÁŸ∑§Ê‹ŸÊ–
Answer the following questions briefly :
1. Where does the bamboo grow ?2. What are the only continents in which the bamboo does not grow ?3. Where does the bamboo grow extensively in India ?4. What type of a stem does the bamboo have ?5. How do the roots of the bamboo help it ?6. ‘Bamboo is a versatile plant.’ What does it mean ?7. What are the scientists at the Forest Research Institute, Dehradun, working on ?8. What important role can the bamboo rhizomes and roots play ?
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MBD Super Refresher EnglishCommunicative 9 Volume 1
Publisher : MBD GroupPublishers
ISBN : 9789385905032 Author : D P Bhanot
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