A gender issue arises out of an identifiable gender gap. A gender issue is caused by the socially determined roles of

women and men .

Sex

Sex: The Biological Dimension

Sex indicates the biological/physical differences between men and women that we are born with, based on our sexual and reproductive functions.

The terms male and female are used to describe the sex of an individual.

Gender: The Cultural Dimension

Gender indicates the socially-created differences between men and women and is changeable in societies, cultures and even families over time.

Gender refers to the economic, social and cultural attributes and opportunities associated with being male and female.

Gender

understanding that there are sociallydetermined differences between men andwomen based on learned behavior, whichaffect through gender analysisin projects, programs, budgetsand policies.

encompasses the ability to acknowledge andhighlight existing gender differences, issues andinequalities inprojects,programmes,budgets andpolicies and toincorporatethese intostrategies andactions.

The process of learning to be male or female.Gender Scripts: The social expectations of

gender assigned to males and females.

The family introduces the child to an expectation of gender.

Toys play a vital role in this process of gender socialization.

Children's clothing and toys reflect their parents' gender expectations.

Children are often assigned household tasks according to gender.

Teachers provide messages about gender through classroom assignments and informal interactions with students.

the modern workplace dismisses the double burden of working women who must balance child care and full-time work

Women are more likely to be ‘mommy-tracked’-penalized for leaving the workforce to give birth and expected to leave the workforce.

12

Non-Government Officials

Public Officials

The national government by law creates, merges or abolishes LGUs, endows them with powers within their jurisdictions and determines national-local government units.

While these local units may be created by law, the Local Government Code mandates that the residents of the areas affected by the creation should approve the measure in a plebiscite.

Design and implement its own organizational structure and staffing pattern taking into consideration its service requirements and financial capability, subject to the minimum standards and guidelines prescribed by the Civil Service Commission.

National Government

ARMM

5 Provinces

117Municipalities

2490Barangays

MMDA

1 Municipalities16 Cities

Barangay Barangay

1 City

National Government

ProvinceHighly Urbanized

City

Component City

Municipality

Barangay Barangay Barangay

Structure of Philippine Local Government Padilla: 1998

make political decisions. Like earmarking revenues for different projects for the public good. These decisions generally take the form of ordinances.

Government units shall promote the establishment and operation of people's and nongovernmental organizations to become active partners in the pursuit of local autonomy.

basic services shall devolved by Public Officials to the LGU’s by the Local Government Code:

1) Include the implementation of programs and projects on primary health care, maternal and child care, and communicable and non-communicable disease control services;

2) Health services which access to secondary and tertiary health Services.

3) Purchase of medicines, medical supplies, and equipment needed to carry out the services

4) Social welfare services which include programs and projects on child and youth welfare, family and community welfare, women's welfare, welfare of the elderly and disabled persons;

1) Solid waste disposal system;

2) Services or facilities related to general hygiene

and sanitation;

3) Implementation of community-based forestry

projects which include integrated social forestry

programs and similar projects;

4) Management and control of communal forests;

1) Inter -Barangay irrigation system;2) Water and soil resource utilization and

conservation projects;3) Enforcement of fishery laws in municipal

waters including the conservation of mangroves;

1) Maintenance and Rehabilitation of the following:

a) roads and bridgesb) school buildings and other facilities for public

elementary and secondary schools;c) clinics, health centers and other health facilitiesd) small water impounding projectse) fish ports; artesian wells, spring development,

rainwater collectors and water supply systems;f) seawalls, dikes, drainage and sewerage, and flood

control;g) traffic signals and road signs; and similar facilities;

1) Tourism facilities and other tourist attractions;

2) Acquisition of equipment;3) Regulation and supervision of business

concessions; and4) Security services for such facilities

1) DepEd-Department of Education2) DENR-Department of Agrarian Reform3) DOLE-Department of Labor and Employment4) DOH-Department of Health5) DSWD-Department of Social Welfare &

Development.6) DPWH-Department of Public Works & Highways7) DOH-Department of Science and Technology8) DENR-Department of Environment & Natural

Resources9) DOTC-Department of Tourism & Communication

THE ISSUES/ CONCERNS

(a) The inadequacy of the internal revenue shares of the localgovernment units to meet the budgetary requirements ofthe devolved function, programs and projects;

(b) The continued lack of budgetary support from the nationalgovernment for the full implementation of devolvedtertiary health services;

(c) The interference of national government in personnel andfiscal management of eth local government units;

(d) The need to further broaden the tax base of the localgovernment units; and

(e) The need to devolve more power functions and programs.

A occurrence of harmony.Characterized by lack of violence, conflict

behaviors and the freedom from fear of violence.Commonly understood as the absence

of hostility and retribution.peace also suggests sincere attempts

at reconciliation, the existence of healthy or newly healed interpersonal or international relationships.

Prosperity in matters of social or economic welfare, the establishment of equality, and a working political order that serves the true interests of all.

Terrorism has no legally binding, criminal law definition.

refer only to those violent acts that are intended to create fear (terror); are perpetrated for a religious, political, or ideological goal; and deliberately target or disregard the safety of non-combatants.

It also include acts of unlawful violence and war.