contemporary endodontic instruments. classification, indications, … · 2020. 9. 12. · 015 0,15...

Contemporary endodontic

instruments. Classification,

indications, technique of application

Ukrainian Medical Stomatological Academy

The Chair of Pediatric Therapeutic Dentistry with Dental

Diseases Prevention

Lecturer:

ass.prof. Vashchenko I.Yu.

Plan of lecture

1. Classifications of endodontic instruments

2. Instruments used for measuring depth and size of root

canals

3. Instruments used for extirpation pulp

4. Instruments used for extension ostium canals

5. Hand instruments used for passage (passing) and

extension of root canals

6. Modern endodontics instruments used for the machine

preparation root canals

7. Instruments used in the filling of root canals

(obturation)

Endodontic instruments′ classification(Nikolishin A.K. 2003)

1. Instruments used for measuring depth and size of root canals: cutting and

round (circles) smooth broaches, Miller smooth, verifier, root needles);

2. Instruments used for extirpation pulp (Barbed broaches, Rasp, rat tail).

3. Instruments used for extension ostium canals (Orifice Opener (widener),

Gates Gliden burs, Peeso Reamer (Largo), Reamer Beutelrock 1 and 2 type);

4. Hand instruments used for passage (passing) and extension of root canals

(K-reamer, K-flexoreamer, Pathfinder CS, K-files, K-flexofiles, K-files

nitiflex, Hendstroem file (H-files), Safety Hendstroem file) ;

5. Modern endodontics instruments used for the machine preparation root

canals (Endosonore file, Peeso reamer, Canals Master, Flexogates, Rotary

Files, Quantec System, K Endo, Flex master, Protaper);

6. Instruments used in the filling of root canals (obturation): paste carriers,

pluggers, spreaders.

Instruments for the retrieval of broken instruments and posts

(Massermann Kit).

7. Endodontic accessory: (Endodontic microscope, endoblocs, Rubber Dam

and another).

International Standartization Organization, ISO 3630.

Size and color codification of endodontic instruments.

Size according

to ISO

D1 ± D2 ± Color

coder

006 0,06 0,38 pink

008 0,08 0,40 grey

010 0,10 0,42 violet

015 0,15 0,47 white

020 0,20 0,52 Yellow

025 0,25 0,57 Red

030 0,30 0,62 Blue

035 0,35 0,67 Green

040 0,40 0,72 Black

045 0,45 0,77 white

050 0,50 0,82 Yellow

055 0,55 0,87 Red

060 0,60 0,92 Blue

070 0,70 1,02 Green

080 0,80 1,12 Black

090 0,90 1,22 white

100 1,00 1,32 Yellow

110 1,10 1,42 Red

120 1,20 1,52 Blue

130 1,30 1,62 Green

140 1,40 1,72 Black

Instruments used for measuring

depth and size of root canals

The shape of working part Section

round (circles) smooth broaches

Miller smooth

Used to determine the size of

obturator required

Instruments used for extirpation pulp

The shape of working partSymbol

by ISO

Barbed broach

Rat-tail-file, rasp

Barbed broach has a form of rod with approximately 40 by

spirally located teeth . Teeth possess the small mobility and

effectively remove soft tissue.

Rasp - sometimes it relates to this group of tools, although it

is used for expanding the root channel. On the structure

resembles to barbed broach, but have about 50 teeth, located

the direct angle to the axis of tool.

Instruments used for extension

ostium (mouth) canals

The shape of working part

Gates-glidden drill

Peeso reamer

(Largo)

Orifice Opener

(widener)

Reamer Beutelrock

1 type

Reamer Beutelrock

2 type



Gates-glidden drill

It has the short working part of the drop-shaped form on the

long stem; manual or supplied with shank for the angular

low-speed handpiece. It is the rotary tool (recommended

speed of rotation - 450-800 r/min).

Ensures the best access to the channel, enlarges its mouth

and crown part. Many tools of this type have safe (blunted)

end.



Peeso reamer (Largo)

It is equipped with the elongated working part, which passes

into the rigid rod. It is used in the rotary regime

(recommended speed of rotation - 800-1200 r/min for low-

speed handpiece).

It is used after shaping of the tooth cavity for developing the

straight part of the channel, rectification, disclosure it is

mouth, the preparation of channel under the pins. Some has

safe tip.



Orifice Opener (widener)

It is manual or machine tool with the evenly tapered angular

working part.

It is used in the straight sections of channel, for the expansion

it is mouth (in the rotary regime). It is effective in the molars,

where it is difficult to work by root burs.



Reamer Beutelrock

Type 1

Reamer Beutelrock

Type 2

machine tool with the

elongated flame-like working

part (with four cutting faces).

It is used for creation and

expanding the access to the

channels and work in their

straight sections

(recommended speed of

rotation – 800-1200 r/min).

machine tool with the

cylindrical form of the end

part, with two cutting faces.

It enlarges the straight

sections of channels.

It is highly aggressive, it

works in the rotary regime

(recommended speed of

rotation – 450-800 r/min).

Hand instruments used for passage

(passing) and extension of root canals

All tools for working of root channels relate to three basic types:

K-reamer, K-files and H-files (Hedstrom file).

The form of working partSymbol

by ISO

K-reamer

K-file

H-file



K-reamer

The tool of the K- type, whose angle between the cutting face and the

longitudinal axis is equal 20°.

Stages of the work: introduction (penetration), rotation , the removal

(retraction, during which it realizes the cutting power of tool). Is allowed

rotation not more than for 1/4-1/2 revolutions clockwise; in the narrow or

bent channels and for Reamers large sizes - 1/4.

Symbol - triangle.



K-file

The tool of the K- type, whose angle between the cutting face and the

longitudinal axis is equal to 40. A quantity of cutting planes (turns) is more

than in reamer; therefore their cutting power exceeds the same in reamers.

In the channel the tool must move in the vertical direction (up-down);

however, its application as Reamer is permissible. It is preferable for the

work in the bent channels.

Symbol - square.



H-file

Has the maximum angle between the cutting face and the longitudinal axis -

60°, and also the greatest quantity of cutting planes. This specifies higher,

than in K-tools, cutting power. However, it possesses the smaller strength,

capable of leading to the breakdown.

Motions in the channel - vertical, cutting power realizes at the output from the

channel. Is allowed rotation not more than for 1/4 revolutions. With the work

usually it is selected to 1 size less than the previous tool.

Symbol - circle.

Instruments used in the filling

of root canals (obturation)

The shape of working part

Paste filler

(Lentulo)

Plugger

Spreader

Construction is proposed by French dentist Lentulo in 1928.

It is machine or hand tool with the working part in the form of

the centered conical spiral, which resembles the anatomical

form of channel.

It is intended for the introduction of paste-like filling

materials into the channel.

Optimum speed of rotation - 100-200 r/min.

Symbol - spiral.



Paste filler (Lentulo)



Spreader

Lateral sealer of gutta-percha - the tool with the smooth

pointed working part, intended for the lateral condensation of

gutta-percha pins in the root channel.



Plugger

Vertical sealer of the gutta-percha - the tool with the working

part in the form of the smooth truncated rod, intended for the

vertical condensation of the heated gutta-percha in the

channel.

Questions to discuss

1. Ways for measuring depth and size of root

canals.

2. Ways for pulp removal.

3. What are instruments for extension of root

canals?

4. Endodontic instruments used with endomotor

5. Instruments used for root canal filling

(obturation)

contemporary endodontic instruments. classification, indications, … · 2020. 9. 12. · 015 0,15...

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