Outbreaks of Foot Mouth Disease (FMD) in Mongolia

Dr. NANSALMAA Myagmar, PhD

Consumer Affairs Bureau, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and FisheriesSymposium on FMD and HPAI in South-East Asia, China and Mongolia

Tokyo, Japan, 20 September , 2017

Fig.1 Global Outbreaks of FMD in 2017

Livestock sector comprises 90% of total agricultural product. Agriculture composes 12 to 14% of GDP. Horse - 3.6 mill. Camel- 0.4 mill. Cattle - 4.1 mill. Sheep – 27.8 mill. Goat - 25.5 mill.Reindeer – 1.7 thous.

∞ 180 thousands of herding householdMixed herdFree access of natural pasture

Livestock resources in Mongolia

6%1%7%

45%

41%

Livestock composition

HorseCamelCattleSheepGoat

61.5 million heads

Fig. 2 Map of FMD outbreak (red-2017, orange-2016) in Mongolia & vaccination area2000- Dornogovi-О, 2001- Dornod-О, 2002- Bayan-olgii, Hovd-О, 2004- Dornogovi, Suhbaatar, Dundgovi-O, 2005- Dornod-Asia-1, 2006- Ulaanbaatar-О, 2010- Dornod, Suhbaatar, Hentii, Tov, Gobisumber-О, 2013-Bayanolgii-Sagsai, Dornod Halhgol-А, 2014- Suhbaatar, Hentii, Dornogovi-О, 2015- Hovd, Bayan-olgii, Suhbaatar-О, 2016- Gobisumber, Tov-А, 2017- Suhbaatar, Dornod-O, Hentii, Dornogovi, Dundgovi-Otype

Species Susceptible Cases Deaths Killed/disposed Slaughtered

Goats 1,593 1,420 203 5 0

Sheep 430 211 42 1 0

Total 2,023 1,631 245 6 0

In 2016, Outbreak of FMD in province

• Location: Gobisumber province,July 2016• Number affected: 173 сattle• Control Measures Instituted:

- Movement control inside the country- Disinfection - Surveillance outside containment and/or protection zone

- Emergency vaccination- No treatment of affected animals

In 2017, Outbreak of FMD in provinces

N Province Number ofcounties

Date of Number ofhousehold

Affected Disposedcase noted Cattle Sheep Goat All Cattle Sheep Goat All

1 Suhbaatar 9 2017. 1-8 320 2920 531 217 3668 2920 531 217 36682 Dornod 3 2017. 1-7 69 941 10 16 967 941 10 16 9673 Hentii 7 2017. 2-8 29 93 0 3 96 89 0 3 924 Dornogobi 4 2017. 3,4,9 21 182 30 59 271 182 30 59 2715 Dundgobi 3 2017. 7-8 37 24 346 299 669 21 138 96 255

TOTAL 26 476 2920 531 217 3668 2920 531 217 3668

Registered vaccines:1. Inactivated aluminium hydroxide multi-valent, Russia, ARIAH 2. Oil-emultion trivalent vaccine AFTOVAXPUR, French, Merial3. Biand trivalent vaccine, AFTOVAX, Kazakstan4. Inactivated aluminium hydroxide monovalent vaccine, China5. Raksha Ovacoil adjuvant trivalent vaccine, India 6. Oil adjuvant tri-valent vaccine, Russia, ARIAH. O,A,Asia-1

VaccinationIn 2016, were vaccinated with types A and O.12494 cattle and 82150 small ruminants in Gobisumber province.In 2017, 6.2 million animals were vaccinated with same types in the provinces.

Clinical signs

Discharge of saliva Vesicle of tongue-aphtha

Foot lesion in cattle Lesion- vesicle on tit

Control of FMD in Mongolia

Accurate diagnosis • Clinical sign• Lab.diagnosis: - Specimens for Virus

- Nucleic Acid-PCR and Ag-ELISA- Serum samples- NSP-ELISA

Control of livestock movement

Disinfection of FMDV-contaminated areas and disposal of dead animal carcasses

Vaccination Disease control plan depends on mass vaccination of cattle and small ruminants routinely with the vaccine.

Sero-surveillance Since 2003, 2010, after 2015-2017

Certificate of official control program FMD of Mongolia, OIE, 2016.5.24Twinning program, OIE Ref. Lab

Virus Isolation-VN BHK21 kidney cellsRapid test Svanova Ab-RT, SwedenAg-detection SPC-ELISA, Italy-UK-O A Asia C

RT- PCR, Invitrogen-USA Gen-F,RReal-Time PCR-kit, Takara, JapanRT-PCR, Typing, Invitrogen-USA

Ab- detection ELISA

FMDV-NSP, Median, KoreaFMD-NSP, IDvet, FMD-NSP, PrioCheck, Netherland

RNA extraction Qiagen kit Germany

Percentage of positive sample package from various samples

2241 503Negative Positive

2744 (117/208 times, 56.2%)

Number of received sample in laboratory for FMD diagnosis

115 for FMDV-Ag detection/nucleic acids(22/88, 93/373)

388 for FMDV-Ab- NSP(388/2283)

Laboratory Diagnosis (SCVL)

18.3%

77.1%

4.4%

18.5%SerumSalivaTissue

Percentage of positive from total serum samples

O-941A-1073As-497

NegativePositive

1893 (19 times)

Number of received serum in laboratory for vaccination control

941 for O-type(941/1893)

1073 for A-type(1073/1893)

497 for Asia1-type(497/1236)

952820739

49.7%

56.7%

40.2%O- typeA- typeAsia-type

Type A FMDV isolates recovered in the Mongolia in July, 2016 on phylogenetic tree of Type A FMDV

Type O FMDV isolates recovered in the Mongolia in July, 2017 on phylogenetic tree of Type O FMDV

Number of sera positive samples Number of serum samples collected from 8 provinces with FMD-cased

3157 serum – 8 provinces Sero-prevalence: 7.7% (243/3157)

020406080

100120140160180

Sheep Goat Cattle

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Sero-surveillance-2017

Number of animal blood samples collected from 8 provinces with FMD-case (3157)Province Sheep Goat Cattle Total

1 Bayanolgii 149 149 151 4492 Hovd 147 162 148 4573 Suhbaatar 149 148 148 4454 Hentii 150 150 150 4505 Dornod 150 150 150 4506 Dornogobi 150 150 150 4507 Gobsumber 90 90 89 2698 Tov 62 60 65 187

Total 1047 1059 1051 3157Number of positive serums (7.7%)1 Bayanolgii 8 4 2 142 Hovd 2 0 7 93 Suhbaatar 11 19 20 504 Hentii 11 9 23 435 Dornod 5 4 24 336 Dornogobi 19 29 35 837 Gobsumber 2 2 7 118 Tov 0 0 0 0

Total 58 67 118 243

Number of sera positive samples

Number of serum samples collected from 10 provinces from FMD-free

7665 serum - 10 provinces Sero-prevalence: 0.19% (15/7665)

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250

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350

400

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Number of animal blood samples collected from 10 provinces with FMD-free (7665)N Province Sheep Goat Cattle Total

1 Uvs 300 300 232 8322 Zavhan 299 294 139 7323 Gobialtai 295 254 186 7354 Hovsgol 300 300 180 7805 Arhangai 0 0 0 7806 Selenge 304 300 181 7857 Dundgobi 302 298 156 7568 Omnogobi 238 368 100 7069 Tov 298 295 178 77110 Bayanhongor 294 314 180 788

Total 2630 2723 1532 7665Number of positive serums (0.19%)

1 Uvs 0 0 0 02 Zavhan 7 1 1 93 Gobialtai 0 0 0 04 Hovsgol 0 0 0 05 Arhangai 0 0 0 06 Selenge 0 0 4 47 Dundgobi 0 0 0 08 Omnogobi 0 0 0 09 Tov 0 1 1 210 Bayanhongor 0 0 0 0

Total 7 2 6 15

Obstacles• The domestic animals are raised under the traditional

system and pasture from own land to remote areas due toraising number of herd during poor vegetation anddrought.

• The animal movement and quality are usually uncontrolledat the border and between provinces of the country.

• Vaccine quality and vaccination control is not performed inproperly.

• The structure and legal environment of veterinary systemis inconsiderable.

There were 18.3% positives of received samples (503/2744) which involved in aoutbreak with 3668 affected cattle and small ruminant in 5 eastern provinces in2017 (Su, Do, He, Dg, Du).

Surveillance was performed in FMD reported 8 provinces and in FMD-free 10provinces. According to the data, NSP were detected 7.7% (244/3157) in reportedprovinces and 0.19% (11/7665) in FMD-free provinces.

FMD involving cattle and small ruminant was diagnosed in eastern area of theborder of China and near central area.

According to genetic analysis, the strain is closely related to the strain identifiedin neighboring country. This would suggest that FMDVs may have beenintroduced from the eastern Mongolia and distributed between provinces by themovement animal and wildlife.

Summary

Contact informationNansalmaa Myagmarotgoi08@gmail.com