Constructivism Cesar C. Navarrete, Ph.D.

Epistemology •  Constructivism—philosophical perspective that

individuals for (construct) what they learn and understand

•  Piaget •  Vygotsky •  Dewey

•  May include cognitivist views •  and concepts

Perspectives •  Exogenous—reconstruction of the external world

•  Endogenous—cognitive abstraction as mental reconstruction

•  Dialectical—interaction between the person and environment

Situated  Cognition •  Learning is specific to context

•  Zone of Proximal Development (Vygotsky)

Measurement •  How is learning measured in schools?

•  How can student learning be measured in constructivist learning environments?

Benjamin  Bloom