construction equipment
TRANSCRIPT
A presentation on
CONSTURCTION EQUIPMENT
BY B.MAHESHBABU
CONTENTS :-
CONSTURCTION EQUIPMENT
ECONOMICAL CONSIDERATIONS
EARTHWORK EQUIPMENT
HANDLING EQUIPMENT
COMPACTION EQUIPMENT - TYPES OF COMPACTION ROLLERS
MACHINES MAKE IT POSSIBLE In the case of huge construction projects
to speed of the construction Proper use of the appropriate equipemnt
contributes to the economy ,quality,speed and timely completion of the project
Equipments used in civil engineering branches like ,highway,irrigation,structural etc..
15-30% of total cost has been accounted for the machinery
CLASSIFICATION OF CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENT Earth moving equipment Hauling equipment Hoisting equipment Conveying equipment Aggregate and concrete production
equipment Pile driving equipment Rock drilling equipment Dewatering equipment
EARTH MOVING EQUIPMENTS :- POWER SHOVEL, BACK HOE, DOZER,SCRAPERS ,GRADRES
HAULING EQUIPMENT : TRUCKS,SEMI TRALIES
HOISTING EQUIPMENT : MOBILE CRANES,JACKS,TOWER CRANES,WHRILER CRANES,DERRICK CRANES
AGGREGATE AND CONCRETING EQUIPMENT : CRUSHERS, GYRATORY CRUSHERS,IMPACT CRUSHERS, MIXERS AND BATCHING EQUIPMENT Etc..
PILE DRIVING : PILE EXCAVTORS ,PILE DRIVERS
ROCK DRILLING : DRILLERS With different
capacities
DEWATERING : VACCUM FILTERS,SLUDGE LAGGONS ,DRYING BEDS ,FILTERS PRESSES
OPERATIONS INVOLVED IN CONSTRUCTION Excavation Digging of large quantities of earth work Hauling Placement Compaction Dozing Grading Placing of concrte
EARTHWORK EQUIPMENT POWER SHOVEL BACKHOE BULL DOZERS ROLLERS DUMP TRCUKS
POWER SHOVEL
POWER SHOVEL To excavate the earth and to load the
trucks Capable of excavating all types of earth
work except hard rock Size varies from 0.375 cu.m to 5 cu.m Basic parts of the shovel are track
system,cabin,cables ,rack, boom, boom point sheaves .
For excavating blasted rocks, large size dipper will easily handle bigger sizes.
Capable of digging very hard materials Can remove big sized boulders It is used in various jobs such as digging in
gravel banks, clay pits ,digging cuts,road side berms
FACTORS AFFECTING THE OUTPUT OF SHOVEL Class of material Depth of cutting Angle of swing Job condition Management condition Size of hauling equipment Skill of the operator Physical condition of the shovel
BACK HOE(LOADER)
BACK HOE Also known as back shovel and pull
shovel It is used to excavate below the natural
surface on which it rests Generally used to excavate
trenches ,pits for basements and also grading ,precise control of depths
The basic parts are boom, stick, bucket and bucket drum, cabin etc..
Backhoe loaders are very common and can be used for a wide variety of tasks :
construction, small demolitions, light transportation of Building materials , powering building equipment, digging holes, landscaping, breaking asphalt, and paving roads. Often, the backhoe bucket can also be replaced with powered attachments such as a breaker, grapple, auger
It is most suitable for trenches ,footings and basements,etc..
It can be efficiently trim the surface avoiding the use of manual effort for dressing the excavated surfaces
BULL DOZER
The heavy blade attached to tractor pushes the material from one place to another place
The tractor can be wheeled type or crawler type
For spreading the earth fill For opening the pilot roads thorough
mountainous and rocky terrains
Mainting and removing dirt and dust on highway roads
Clearing land from the trees and stumps Back filling trenches at sites dragging the
earth from one place to another Clearing construction sites
COMPACTION EQUIPMENT
is the process in which a stress applied to a soil causes densification as air is displaced from the pores between the soil grains.
EQUIPMENT Smooth wheel rollers Sheep-foot rollers Pneumatic type rollers
SMOOTH WHEEL ROLLER
It also known plain roller Weighing from 5 to 15 tones Used for ordinary rolling work where
deep compaction is not required These rollers may have one front and
two rear wheels The rear wheels being usually larger in
diameter
SHEEP FOOT ROLLERS
For compacting earth work in embankments and canals where deep compaction into the layer of the earth is required
These gives the best results in compaction The sheep-foot rollers weigh more than 15
tones Travel at a speed of 25kmph Kneading action compacts bottom to top layer These rollers are effective in compacting
granular soils such as sand ,gravel and gravel stones
Self propelled type
PNEUMATIC TYRED ROLLERS
It consists of base or platform mounted between the two axles
The rear of which has one more wheel than the front
Most suitable for fine grained soils and well graded sands
Majorly used in asphalt roads
HAULING EQUPIMENT The equipment used for the
transportation of materials are known as hauling equipment
Haulers may operate on roadways or railways
It involve : Transportation of building materials
B)carriage and disposal of earthwork C) haulage of heavy equipment
CLASSIFICATION
They are classified on the basis of method of dumping the load
a) dump trucks i) side trucks ii)bottom dump trucks B) Dumpers
DUMP TRUCKS These are used for the earth moving purpose The selection of the type of dump trucks for
a specific job depend on the job condition Side trucks : these are heavy duty trucks
with strongly built body which is hinged on the truck chassis at the rear end and one side respectively, and can be fitted to the rear in the case of rear dump and to the hinged side in case of the side dump, through the action of hydraulic jacks
These trucks are suitable for use in hauling wet clay, sand, gravel, quarry rocks
BOTTOM DUMP TRUCKSThese are similar to semi-trailers in which their front
is supported on the rear of the hauling tractor and their rear is resting on their own wheels.
• The body of the truck remains in the same position and the discharge of the material takes place through its bottom after opening of two longitudinal gates.
• The gates are hinged to the side of the body.
• These trucks are suitable for use in hauling free flowing material, such as, sand, gravel, dry earth, hard clay etc.
DUMPERS Dumpers : High speed pneumatic wheeled trucks Short chassis Strong bodies Loading, hauling and dumping is done
very fast as compared to other equipment
Suitable for short hauls on rough roads Specially where a shuttle movement is
required
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