Constantinople

• The Rome of the eastern world

• Heart of the Byzantine Empire

• Trade city on Mediterranean Sea

Traditional Economy• Trade and bartering for goods• Distribution of goods based on customs,

beliefs and habits

*subsistence agriculture- growing just enough for your family*

95 Theses

• List of grievances (complaints) written by Martin Luther against the sale of indulgences created the Protestant Reformation.

• The Printing Press allowed copies of the 95 Theses to spread quickly

Protestant Reformation

• A schism in the Catholic Church that created the Protestant religion.

• Martin Luther 95 Theses

• Catholic Church loses power

Age of Absolutism• Autocratic rules have complete authority,

even in colonies- Divine Right– India- Akbar the Great– France- King Louis XIV (sun king)– Spain- Philip II– Russia- Ivan the Terrible AND Peter the Great

(Westernized Russia)

Glorious Revolution • Non-violent overthrow of James II by William and Mary of Orange. • They signed the English Bill of Rights which

further limited kings’ powers and created a limited monarchy.

Magna Carta

• gave rights to the people and took power away from the monarchy 1689

• A charter signed by England’s King John in 1215Placed limits on the King’s power

The English Bill of Rights

Renaissance

• Time period when people began to question the Church, a time of Rebirth of science, arts and literature (start in Italy)

• Focus on secular (worldly/ non-religious)

• Humanism= emphasis on the individual

Scientific Revolution

• 1500’s and 1600’s new way of thinking that challenged traditional ideas of the

Catholic Church.• Based on Reason and Inquiry

Enlightenment• People started to question the relationship

between themselves and their government.

• Period in the 1700s in which people rejected traditional ideas and supported a human reason.

Social Contract

• There is a unwritten contract between Gov’t and the people.

• If the gov’t isn't taking care of people’s needs they can get rid of it

Geography Terms• Savannah or Steppe: Grassy plain• Peninsula: land surrounded by water on 3

sides• Archipelago: chain of islands• Climate: weather patterns over time

(tropical, dry)• Region: areas of land with unifying features

(Mideast-political, rainforests)

Capitalism

• Economic system based on trade and capital, money is used for investment.

• Free Market

• Supply and Demand

Middle Passage

• The voyage from Africa to the Americas (slave trade)

Encomienda

• Racial class structure that made American natives slaves

Columbian Exchange• Global exchange of people, plants, animals,

ideas and technology that began in the 1400’s

• Cultural Diffusion

Mercantilism• Economic policy; export more than import

• Raw materials sold cheaply to mother nation; expensive manufactured goodssold to colonies

Law Codes

Napoleonic Code-Equality after French Rev

Justinian’s Code-Byzantine law code

Laws of the Roman Twelve Tables-Basis of today's legal system

Hammurabi's Code-Eye for an eye

Imperialism

• When a stronger nation takes over a weaker nation’s social, economic and political life

• Justified by Social Darwinism

• Established colonies

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