Conservation of Plants and Animals

Camp Halfbloods

Introduction

Good Morning ,today we will be taking a class on Chapter 7- Conservation of Plants and Animals . The half-bloods of Camp Halfbloods are Aneena, Catherine, Joan, Serah, Irene and Aleena. The topics we will be presenting on are :-

Deforestation Causes Of Deforestation Consequences of deforestation Red Data Book Reforestation Why is reforestation needed?

Deforestation Deforestation or clearing is the removal of a forest or stand of trees where the land is thereafter converted to a non-forest use. Examples of deforestation include conversion of forestland to farms, ranches, or urban use. The term deforestation can be misused when applied to describe a tree harvesting method in which all trees in an area are removed . However in temperate climates, this method is in conformance with sustainable forestry practices, and correctly described as regeneration harvest. In temperate climates, natural regeneration of forest stands often will not occur in the absence of disturbance, whether natural or anthropogenic. Furthermore, biodiversity after regeneration harvest often mimics that found after natural disturbance, including biodiversity loss after naturally occurring rainforest destruction. The removal of trees without sufficient reforestation has resulted in damage to habitat, biodiversity loss and aridity. It has adverse impacts on biosequestration of atmospheric carbon dioxide. So that is how deforestation is caused.

Causes Of Deforestation Agricultural activities: Due to overgrowing demand for food products,

huge amount of tress are fell down to grow crops and for cattle gazing. Logging: Wood is used as fuel both directly and indirectly, therefore

trees are chopped for supplies. Urbanization: Further on order to gain access to these forests, the

construction of roads are undertaken; here again trees are chopped to create roads.

Desertification of land: Some of the other factors that lead to deforestation are also part natural and part anthropogenic like Desertification of land.

Mining: Oil and coal mining require considerable amount of forest land. Apart from this, roads and highways have to be built to make way for trucks and other equipment.

Fires: Hundreds of trees are lost each year due to forest fires in various portions of the world. This happens due to extreme warm summers and milder winters. They can also caused by human activities.

Consequences of deforestation

Deforestation is a major cause that leads to the change in soil properties. This leads to the decrease of the water holding capacity of the soil. It also leads to global warming and desertification. Deforestation is also a major cause of droughts. Properties of soil is also affected. Major consequences are : soil degradation, changes in climatic conditions, destruction of natural habitats and destruction of a valuable sink for environmental pollutants. The movement of water from the soil into the ground is also reduced.

Red Data Book Red Data Book of the Russian Federation (RDBRF), also known as Red

Book or Russian Red Data Book is a state document established for documenting rare and endangered species of animals, plants and fungi, as well as some local subspecies that exist within the territory of the Russian Federation and its continental shelf and marine economic zone. The book has been adopted by Russia and all CIS (Commonwealth of Independent States) states to enact a common agreement on rare and endangered species protection.

The book provides a central information source in organizing studies and monitoring programs on rare and endangered species and their habitats. It is regularly consulted when developing and implementing special measures for the protection and rehabilitation of such species.

Usually, a Red Book comes with a short description of protected species. However, in certain cases, it doesn't give all descriptions due to space limitations and in rare cases there is no formatted list in the book.

Reforestation

Reforestation is the natural or intentional restocking of existing forests and woodlands that have been depleted, usually through deforestation. It involves the replanting or regeneration of areas of forest which have previously been damaged or destroyed. Sometimes forests are able to regenerate naturally if sufficient trees remain nearby and seeds can be dispersed into the deforested areas via animals or wind. However, areas of forest which have been severely degraded are unlikely to be able to regenerate naturally and need to be replanted by hand using native tree species. Reforestation can be used to improve the quality of human life by soaking up pollution and dust from the air, rebuild natural habitats and ecosystems, mitigate global warming since forests facilitate biosequestration of atmospheric carbon dioxide, and harvest for resources, particularly timber.

The term reforestation is similar to afforestation, the process of restoring and recreating areas of woodlands or forests that may have existed long ago but were deforested or otherwise removed at some point in the past. Sometimes the term re-afforestation is used to distinguish between the original forest cover and the later re-growth of forest to an area. Special tools, e.g. tree planting bar, are used to make planting of trees easier and faster.

Why is reforestation needed?

Reforestation is needed because huge areas of forest are being damaged or destroyed around the world on a daily basis. Some estimates suggest that an area of forest equivalent in size to 36 football pitches is lost every minute. This deforestation has a number of causes, including fires, the clearing of land to make way for agriculture or human settlement, logging, mining and climate change.

Forests are very important for a number of reasons and deforestation is a serious problem which affects us all. As well as being home to a huge and diverse range of animal and plant species, forests provide livelihoods for a vast number of people around the world and are a source of paper, timber, food and the ingredients of many other products, such as medicines and cosmetics. Forests are also vital for the health of our planet, maintaining the water cycle, preventing soil erosion and absorbing and storing enormous amounts of carbon dioxide which helps to limit the effects of climate change.

In order to tackle deforestation there are a number of organizations around the world that aim to replant trees and help to regenerate and restore forest habitats.

Bibliography

Wikipedia Google Images Arkive Science Text

Conclusion

Hereby we end this PPT. We thank Chinju mam for giving us this opportunity.

This is Camp Halfbloods signing off