Conquest for a Conquest for a ContinentContinent

EARLY ENGLISH EARLY ENGLISH SETTLEMENTSSETTLEMENTS

►RoanokeRoanoke► JamestownJamestown►PlymouthPlymouth►Massachusetts BayMassachusetts Bay

Lost Colony @ RoanokeLost Colony @ Roanoke

►England’s first attempt at a settlement in England’s first attempt at a settlement in the New Worldthe New World

►Both attempts organized by Sir Walter Both attempts organized by Sir Walter RaleighRaleigh

►First attempt everyone went back to First attempt everyone went back to England (100 men…winter was too England (100 men…winter was too difficult)difficult)

►Second attempt led by Captain John White Second attempt led by Captain John White in 1587 (91 men, 17 women, 9 children)in 1587 (91 men, 17 women, 9 children)

Lost Colony @ RoanokeLost Colony @ Roanoke

►Running low on supplies, Capt. White Running low on supplies, Capt. White returned to Englandreturned to England

►Trouble in England delays his return Trouble in England delays his return for three years for three years

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ANOTHER STORY BY MR. L.ANOTHER STORY BY MR. L.

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JAMESTOWNJAMESTOWN

►England’s second attempt at settlementEngland’s second attempt at settlement►Organized by the Virginia Company of Organized by the Virginia Company of

LondonLondon►144 men…no women (103 survived the 144 men…no women (103 survived the

journey)journey)►STRICT INSTRUCTIONSSTRICT INSTRUCTIONS►1. Find gold!1. Find gold!►2. Look for the NW Passage2. Look for the NW Passage►3. Build a colony on good land that can 3. Build a colony on good land that can

be defended against attack.be defended against attack.

JamestownJamestown

►Made landfall on May 14, 1607Made landfall on May 14, 1607►Chose a peninsula for the site…called Chose a peninsula for the site…called

it James Towne (after King James)it James Towne (after King James)►Poor choice…site and peoplePoor choice…site and people►Attacked by Indians with 14 daysAttacked by Indians with 14 days►Within 3 months 46 men were dead Within 3 months 46 men were dead

(starvation, disease, Indian attack)(starvation, disease, Indian attack)►The rest were barely aliveThe rest were barely alive

Jamestown and Captain John Jamestown and Captain John SmithSmith

►The remaining colonists begged John The remaining colonists begged John Smith to go and trade for food with the Smith to go and trade for food with the Indians.Indians.

►50 miles from Jamestown….captured… 50 miles from Jamestown….captured… saved by Pocahontas…adopted by saved by Pocahontas…adopted by Powhatan…and sent back to JamestownPowhatan…and sent back to Jamestown

► Indians sent food to the colonists many Indians sent food to the colonists many times in the next few years.times in the next few years.

►Captain John Smith from 1608-1609Captain John Smith from 1608-1609►Work or starve rule…Smith injuredWork or starve rule…Smith injured

JamestownJamestown►When Smith left there were over 500 When Smith left there were over 500

people left in Jamestownpeople left in Jamestown►Six months later only 60 were alive.Six months later only 60 were alive.►Winter of 1609-10 is known as “The Winter of 1609-10 is known as “The

Starving Time”Starving Time”► In the Spring, Lord De la Warr arrived In the Spring, Lord De la Warr arrived

with 150 new colonists…harsh rulewith 150 new colonists…harsh rule►1614 John Rolfe saves Jamestown…1614 John Rolfe saves Jamestown…►tobacco = $$....marries Pocahontastobacco = $$....marries Pocahontas

Rolfe and PocahontasRolfe and Pocahontas

►April 1614, Rolfe marries Pocahontas April 1614, Rolfe marries Pocahontas with the blessing of her father, Chief with the blessing of her father, Chief PowhatanPowhatan

►Peaceful relations resume with the Peaceful relations resume with the Indians brieflyIndians briefly

►1614 Rolfe and Pocahontas move to 1614 Rolfe and Pocahontas move to EnglandEngland

Jamestown Bacon’s Rebellion

Plymouth ColonyPlymouth Colony

►Separatists…wanted to “separate” Separatists…wanted to “separate” from the Church of Englandfrom the Church of England

►Persecuted…moved to HollandPersecuted…moved to Holland►Obtained charter from Virginia Obtained charter from Virginia

Company of London to settle at the Company of London to settle at the mouth of the Hudson Rivermouth of the Hudson River

►On the Mayflower…blown off course On the Mayflower…blown off course and landed in Massachusetts (must be and landed in Massachusetts (must be God’s will)God’s will)

The Plymouth ColonyThe Plymouth Colony

►Mayflower Compact…just and equal Mayflower Compact…just and equal laws…laws for the good of the colonylaws…laws for the good of the colony

►Leaders: William Bradford and Myles Leaders: William Bradford and Myles Standish (military commander)Standish (military commander)

►Pilgrims and “strangers”Pilgrims and “strangers”►Landfall (Plymouth Rock) Dec. 26, Landfall (Plymouth Rock) Dec. 26,

16201620►Half died the first winterHalf died the first winter

Plymouth and the IndiansPlymouth and the Indians

►Being watched…braced for attackBeing watched…braced for attack►Samoset…”Hello Englishmen!”Samoset…”Hello Englishmen!”

Plymouth and the IndiansPlymouth and the Indians►Massasoit…Chief of the WampanoagMassasoit…Chief of the Wampanoag►Squanto…plant corn, fertilize the soil Squanto…plant corn, fertilize the soil

with fish, where to fish, how to stalk with fish, where to fish, how to stalk and trap wild gameand trap wild game

►Colonists celebrated their harvest with Colonists celebrated their harvest with their new friends in their new friends in 1621…THE FIRST THANKSGIVING

►The Pilgrims enjoyed nearly 40 years The Pilgrims enjoyed nearly 40 years of relatively peaceful relations with the of relatively peaceful relations with the IndiansIndians

Click on picture for video

Massachusetts Bay ColonyMassachusetts Bay Colony►Another religious group that was Another religious group that was

persecuted…the Puritanspersecuted…the Puritans►Organized the Massachusetts Bay CompanyOrganized the Massachusetts Bay Company► In 1630, 17 ships with more than 1,000 In 1630, 17 ships with more than 1,000

men women and children.men women and children.►Their leader, John Winthrop, said the new Their leader, John Winthrop, said the new

colony would be like a “City Upon a Hill”colony would be like a “City Upon a Hill”►Bold dream..to build a society based on the Bold dream..to build a society based on the

laws of God as they appeared in the Biblelaws of God as they appeared in the Bible

The Great MigrationThe Great Migration►Under Winthrop’s leadership, the Under Winthrop’s leadership, the

colony grew and prospered. colony grew and prospered. ►Between 1629 and 1640 more than Between 1629 and 1640 more than

20,000 people journeyed to the new 20,000 people journeyed to the new colony (Great Migration)colony (Great Migration)

►Many settled in Boston which grew Many settled in Boston which grew into the colonies largest towninto the colonies largest town

►Many of the new settlers came for Many of the new settlers came for economic reason rather than to economic reason rather than to escape religious persecution.escape religious persecution.

Massachusetts Bay and the Massachusetts Bay and the IndiansIndians

►The Pequot War►King Phillips War

Early English SettlementEarly English Settlement

►“Lost Colony” at Roanoke► ►Plymouth and the PilgrimsPlymouth and the Pilgrims►Massachusetts Bay and Puritan New E

ngland►CT, RI and NH

Formation of the other Formation of the other coloniescolonies

►William Penn and the Quakers►Maryland (Catholics; Act of Toleration)►New York (from the Dutch)►Georgia (debtors)►New Jersey, New Jersey, North and South Carolina

(King’s friends)(King’s friends)

NEW ENGLAND, The Middle NEW ENGLAND, The Middle Colonies, and the Southern Colonies, and the Southern

ColoniesColonies►NEW ENGLAND- small farms, shipping and NEW ENGLAND- small farms, shipping and

trading, fishing. Mostly Puritans from trading, fishing. Mostly Puritans from England this one too (Mass, CT, RI, NH)England this one too (Mass, CT, RI, NH)

►MIDDLE COLONIES- larger farms, diverse MIDDLE COLONIES- larger farms, diverse population, tolerant of different cultures population, tolerant of different cultures and religions (PA, NY, NJ, DE, MD)and religions (PA, NY, NJ, DE, MD)

► SOUTHERN COLONIES- large plantations SOUTHERN COLONIES- large plantations and small backwoods farms; mostly English and small backwoods farms; mostly English and Church of England (VA, NC, SC, GA)and Church of England (VA, NC, SC, GA)

ENGLAND AND FRANCE HATED ENGLAND AND FRANCE HATED EACH OTHEREACH OTHER

►War of the League of Augsburg (1688-War of the League of Augsburg (1688-1697)1697)

► War of Spanish SuccessionWar of Spanish Succession►War of Jenkin’s EarWar of Jenkin’s Ear►The French and Indian WarThe French and Indian War►The Treaty of Paris (1763)The Treaty of Paris (1763)

War of the League of War of the League of Ausburg (1688-1697)Ausburg (1688-1697)

►Known in America as King William’s WarKnown in America as King William’s War►France vs. EnglandFrance vs. England►Caused when the French king opposed the Caused when the French king opposed the

removal of James II from English throneremoval of James II from English throne►Started in Europe…moved to AmericaStarted in Europe…moved to America►No decision in Europe.No decision in Europe.►English captured Port Royal in Nova Scotia English captured Port Royal in Nova Scotia

but failed to take Quebec and Montreal. but failed to take Quebec and Montreal. Gave Port Royal back at end of the war.Gave Port Royal back at end of the war.

War of Spanish Succession War of Spanish Succession ((1701-1713)((1701-1713)

►Known as Queen Anne’s War in Known as Queen Anne’s War in AmericaAmerica

►France and Spain vs. EnglandFrance and Spain vs. England►Caused by an attempt by King Louis Caused by an attempt by King Louis

XIV to have his grandson made king of XIV to have his grandson made king of Spain. England didn’t approve because Spain. England didn’t approve because it would upset the balance of power.it would upset the balance of power.

War of Spanish Succession War of Spanish Succession (1701-13)(1701-13)

►Most fighting in Europe. South Carolina Most fighting in Europe. South Carolina fought against the Spanish in Florida. fought against the Spanish in Florida. The French lead Indians against New The French lead Indians against New England.England.

►England got control of Nova Scotia, England got control of Nova Scotia, New Foundland and the Hudson Bay New Foundland and the Hudson Bay areaarea

War of Jenkin’s Ear(1739-War of Jenkin’s Ear(1739-1748)1748)

►War between England and SpainWar between England and Spain►Literally over a man’s earLiterally over a man’s ear►Merged into the larger War of Austrian Merged into the larger War of Austrian

Succession in 1742 (called King Succession in 1742 (called King George’s War in America)George’s War in America)

War of Austrian SuccessionWar of Austrian Succession

►France, Spain and Prussia vs. England France, Spain and Prussia vs. England and Austriaand Austria

►Fought mainly In EuropeFought mainly In Europe► In America, England captured the In America, England captured the

much-prized Louisburg on Cape Breton much-prized Louisburg on Cape Breton Island in the Gulf of St. Lawrence.Island in the Gulf of St. Lawrence.

►Returned Louisbourg at the end of the Returned Louisbourg at the end of the war. Colonists objected violently.war. Colonists objected violently.

The Seven Year’s War (1756-The Seven Year’s War (1756-1763)1763)

►Known as the French and Indian War in Known as the French and Indian War in AmericaAmerica

►France, Spain, Austria, Russia vs. France, Spain, Austria, Russia vs. England and PrussiaEngland and Prussia

►Rivalry between France and England Rivalry between France and England over Ohio River Valleyover Ohio River Valley

► In America, French and most of the In America, French and most of the Indians vs. England and some of the Indians vs. England and some of the IndiansIndians

The French and Indian WarThe French and Indian War►The war went slowly for England until William The war went slowly for England until William

Pitt took control.Pitt took control.►England captured Louisbourg (again!), Quebec England captured Louisbourg (again!), Quebec

and Montrealand Montreal►War ended with the Treaty of Paris 1763.War ended with the Treaty of Paris 1763.►France lost all its territory in America. Spain France lost all its territory in America. Spain

gained possession of territory west of the gained possession of territory west of the Mississippi River and New Orleans.Mississippi River and New Orleans.

►England gained land east of the Mississippi England gained land east of the Mississippi River and FloridaRiver and Florida

Why was Louisbourg Why was Louisbourg important?important?