connectivity: art and interactive telecommunications || front matter

Leonardo

Front MatterSource: Leonardo, Vol. 24, No. 2, Connectivity: Art and Interactive Telecommunications (1991),pp. 118-220Published by: The MIT PressStable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/1575275 .

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CON CTIVIT/T t and Interactive fecommunications

Guest Editors: Roy Ascott A Carl Eugene Loeffler

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Main Editorial Office Leonardo 2030 Addison Street, Suite 400 Berkeley, CA 94704, U.S.A. Fax: 415-841-6311 E-mail: [email protected]

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Founder: FrankJ. Malina (1912-1981) Frank J. Malina founded the journal Leonardo in 1967 as a professional journal for working artists to write about their own work. The journal's interdisciplinary aims and scope reflect his many achievements as an aeronautical engineer, pioneer in rocketry, research administrator, promoter of international

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LEONARDO EDITORIAL BOARD International Co-Editors David Carrier, Dept. of History and Sheila Pinkel, 620 Moulton Ave., No. David R. Topper, History

Philosophy, Carnegie-Mellon 109, Los Angeles, CA 90031, U.S.A. Department, University of University, Schenley Park, Larry Polansky, Department of Music, Winnipeg, Winnipeg, Manitoba Pittsburgh, PA 15213, U.S.A. Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH R3B 2E9, Canada

John H. Holloway, 43 Morland 03755, U.S.A. Makepeace Tsao, 533 Antioch Drive, Avenue, Soneygate, Leicester Itsuo Sakane, 4-15-17, Naka-Machi, Davis, CA 95616, U.S.A. LE2 2PF, U.K. Machida-Shi, Tokyo 194, Japan Stephen Wilson, 74 Coleridge, San

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Editorial Advisors

Jurgen Claus, B-4832 Baelen, Overoth Bulat Galeyev, KAI, SKB 'Prometei', John Lansdown, Computer Arts 5, Belgium ul. K. Marksa, 10, Kazan 420084, Society, 50/51 Russell Square,

Louise Douth, ANAT, 1 Woods Hill USSR London WC1B 4JX, England Road, Summertown S. A. 5141, Istvan Hargittai, Structural Chemistry Aleksandra Manczak, Adwentowicza Australia Research Group of the Hungarian 6/91, 92-536 Lodz, Poland

Manfred Eisenbeis, Kunsthochschule Academy of Sciences, Budapest Jack Ox, 712 Broadway, New York, NY fur Medien K6oln, Peter-Welter-Platz VIII, Puskin utca 11-13, P. 0. Box 10003, U.S.A. 2, 5000 Cologne, Germany 117, H-1431, Hungary Otto Piene, Center for Advanced

Michele Emmer, Dipartimento di Madhoor Kapur, 10 Rajdoot Marg, Visual Studies, MIT, 40 Matematica, Universita di Roma, Chana-Kyapuri, New Delhi 110021, Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Piazzale Aldo Moro, 2, 00185 India MA 02139, U.S.A.

Rome, Italy Ervin Rodin, 31 Nantucket Lane, St. Louis, MO 63132, U.S.A.

Honorary Editors George Agoston (U.S.A.) L. Alcopley (U.S.A.) Giulio C. Argan (Italy) Rudolf Arnheim (U.S.A.) Roy Ascott (U.K.) Pierre Auger (France) Claude Berge (France) Max Bill (Switzerland) Vladimir Bonaci'c (Yugoslavia) Ray Bradbury (U.S.A.) Donald Brook (Australia) John Cage (U.S.A.) Giorgio Careri (Italy) Elmer Duncan (U.S.A.) John E. Fobes (U.S.A.) Herbert W. Franke (Fed. Rep. Ger.) Yona Friedman (Israel)

Henri Gabriel (Belgium) Reginald Gadney (U.K.) Jorge Glusberg (Argentina) Sir Ernst Gombrich (U.K.) Vic Gray (New Zealand) Richard L. Gregory (U.K.) YusufA. Grillo (Nigeria) Anthony Hill (U.K.) Thomas T. Ichinose (Japan) Peter Lloyd Jones (U.K.) Gyorgy Kepes (U.S.A.) Otto Klineberg (U.S.A.) Richard I. Land (U.S.A.) Jacques Mandelbrojt (France) Charles Mattox (U.S.A.) I. R. Maxwell (U.K.) Joseph Needham (U.K.)

Sean O'Driscoll (Ireland) Jaroslav Pluhar (Czechoslovakia) Nikolai Ponomarev (U.S.S.R) Frank Popper (France) Robert Preusser (U.S.A.) Harry Rand (U.S.A.) Lord Eric Roll (U.K.) Nicolas Sch6ffer (France) Ronald Searle (U.K.) Allan Shields (U.S.A.) Ryszard Stanislawski (Poland) Cyril Stanley Smith (U.S.A.) K. G. Subramanyan (India) Pierre Szekely (France) Karen Tsao (U.S.A.) Takis (Greece)



CONNECTIVITY: ART AND

INTERACTIVE TELECOMMUNICATIONS

SPECIAL ISSUE

Guest Editors: ROY ASCOTT, CARL EUGENE LOEFFLER

INTRODUCTION CARL EUGENE LOEFFLER: Modem Dialing Out 113

EDITORIAL ROYASCOTT: Connectivity: Art and Interactive Telecommunications 115

GENERAL AND THEORETICAL ARTICLES

JURGEN CLAUS: The Cosmic and the Digital Code 119

MARIO COSTA: Technology, Artistic Production and the 'Aesthetics of Communication' 123

ANNA COUEY: Art Works As Organic Communications Systems 127

DERRICK DE KERCKHOVE: Communication Arts for a New Spatial Sensibility 131

FRED FOREST: Aesthetics and Telecommunications Systems 137

DON FORESTA: The Many Worlds of Art, Science and the New Technologies 139

MATHIAS FUCHS: Music Is Duty-Free: Sending Sounds across Borders 145

ERIC GIDNEY: Art and Telecommunications-10 Years On 147

BEVERLYJONES: Cultural Implications of Integrated Media 153

TIMOTHY O'NEILL: Oracular Art and the Global Telecommunications Net 159

TOM SHERMAN: Primary Devices: Artists' Strategic Use of Video, 163 Computers and Telecommunications Networks

URSZULA SZULAKOWSKA: Electronic Space in Contemporary Australian Art- 167 Practice and Theory

FRED TRUCK: The Prompt and Virtual Reality 171

STEPHEN WILSON: Noise on the Line: Emerging Issues in Telecommunications-Based Art 175

Contents Continues on Next Page

LEONAKDO Volume 24 Number 2 1991

JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR THE ARTS, SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGY

1:191im



SPECIFIC PROJECTS MARCELLO AITIANI and FRANCESCO GIOMI: The Artwork Nave di Luce. 179

A Journey into Telematics, Art and Music

STtPHAN BARRON: Lines: A Project by Stephan Barron and Sylvia Hansmann 185

BRUCE BRELAND: Reversing the Lens System: The DAX Group in 1991 187

SARAH DICKINSON and MARILYN SCHAFFER: Art, Images, Communications and Children 189

JENNIFER HALL: Netdrama: An Online Environmental Scheme 193

JUDY MALLOY: Uncle Roger, an Online Narrabase 195

ARTUR MATUCK: Telecommunications Art and Play: Intercities Sdo Paulo/Pittsburgh 203

MIT MITROPOULOS: A Sequence of Video-to-Video Installations Illustrating the 207 Together/Separate Principle, with Reference to Two-Way Interactive Cable TV Systems

DANA MOSER: Notes on Telecommunications Art: Shifting Paradigms 213

KAREN O'ROURKE: City Portraits: An Experience in the Interactive Transmission of Imagination 215

PEETER SEPP: Let the People Play: How Improvised Sounds and 221 Telecommunications Can Let Everyone Participate

BONNIE SHERK: The Creation of A Living Library?m: 223 An International Network of Interactive Life Frames

ART/SCIENCE FORUM PHILLIP BANNIGAN and SUE HARRIS: An Electronic Arts Network for Australia 227

RON BUCK: Poetry Online 227

ROGER F. MALINA: Fineart Forum and F.A.S.T.: 228 Experiments in Electronic Publishing in the Arts

JEFF MANN: The Matrix Artists' Network: An Electronic Community 230

ALAN SANDMAN: ARTLINKTM 232

ABSTRACTS EDUARDO KAC: Ornitorrinca Exploring Telepresence and Remote Sensing 233

BENOiT MAUBREY: The Polyphone 233

GIL MINAMORA: Hidden Bearers: An Exquisite Corpse Online 234

CARLOS FADON VICENTE: Still Life/Alive 235

CHRONOLOGY CARL EUGENE LOEFFLER and ROY ASCOTT: Chronology and Working Survey of Select 236

Telecommunications Activity

CURRENT LITERATURE Book Reviews by ELMER H. DUNCAN, ROBERT S. LANSDON, ROGER F. MALINA, CLIFFORD A. 241

PICKOVER, DAVID TOPPER, FRED TRUCK, STEPHEN WILSON

ART AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS GLOSSARY 253



Front cover: Concept: Carl Eugene Loeffler. Design: Thomas Ingalls + Associates. DymaxionTM Map: The DymaxionTM World Map, invented by Buckminster Fuller, shows our

planet without any visible distortion of the relative shapes and sizes of the land and sea areas, and without any breaks in the continental contours. The Buckminster Fuller Institute owns all rights in and to the Dymaxion Map design. The word Dymaxion and the Dymaxion Map

design are trademarks of the Buckminster Fuller Institute. The Map is also copyrighted by the Buckminster Fuller Institute, 1938. All rights reserved. The Dymaxion Map is used here by

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Back cover: Concept: Thomas Ingalls and Carl Eugene Loeffler. Design: Thomas Ingalls + Associates.



I am fully conscious that, not being a literary

man, certain presumptuous persons will think

that they may reasonably blame me; alleging

that I am not a man of letters. Foolish folks!

Do they not know that I might retort as Marius

did to the Roman Patricians by saying: that

they, who deck themselves out in the labours of

others will not allow me my own. They will

say that I, having no literary skill, cannot

properly express that which I desire to treat of;

but they do not know that my subjects are to be

dealt with by experience rather than by words;

and (experience) has been the mistress of those

who wrote well. And so, as mistress, I will

cite her in all cases.

LEONARDO DA VINCI Reprinted with permission

from The Literary Works of Leonardo da Vinci, JEAN PAUL

RICHTER, 2nd Ed. P116. Oxford University Press (1939).



L EONAKD O

SUPPLEMENTAL ISSUE

ELE CTRONI C ART

Covering topics in Computer Graphics, Computer Music, Computer Animation, Art and Telecommunications and other aspects of the

applications of electronics to the creative arts.

Published in conjunction with the First International Symposium on Electronic Art (FISEA), 26 September to 1 October 1988, held in Utrecht, The Netherlands.

RoY ASCOTT Art and education in the telematic culture

JURGEN CLAUS The electronic Bauhaus

MATHIAS FUCHS

Computer music languages.. . and the real world

ROBIN KING

Computer graphics and animation as agents of personal evolution in the arts

JOAN L. & RUSSEL A. KIRSCH Storing art images in intelligent computers

ISBN 0-08-036978-2 U.S. $30.00, U.S. $20 for ISAST Members

GUEST EDITORS: Wim van der Plas, Society for Creative Computer

Applications, The Netherlands Ton Hokken, Utrecht Academy of Arts, The

Netherlands Johan der Biggelaar, Utrecht Academy of Arts,

The Netherlands

PHILIPPE MENARD Towards a universal and intelligent MIDI- based stage system

PATRIC D. PRINCE The aesthetics of exhibition: A discussign of recent American computer art shows

JOAN TRUCKENBROD A new language for artistic expression: The electronic arts landscape

EDWARD ZAJEC Orphics: Computer graphics and the shap- ing of time with color

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THE 1989 AND 1990

SIGGRAPH ART SHOW CATALOGS

Issued by ISAST with the Association for Computer Machinery Special Interest Group on Computer Graphics

Computer Art in Context Guest Editor: Mark Resch

Art Department, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute

This special issue of Leonardo includes 73 color plates of the juried entries to the SIGGRAPH 1989 Art Show. Artists include Robert Mallary, Barbara Nessim, Manfred

Mohr, Kenneth Snelson, Colette and Charles Bangert, Luz Bueno, and 50 others.

Also in this issue, international scholars, computer graphics engineers and artists examine the state of computer art within

historical, theoretical and technical contexts. Authors include Patric Prince,

Donna Cox, Benoit Mandelbrot, Herbert Franke, Mihai Nadin and others.

ISAST Associate Members: US $20 Non-Members: US $30

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Volume 22, Issue 3/4 (1989)

Holography as an Art Medium

Guest Editor, Louis M. Brill

Feature articles include:

MARGARET BENYON: Cosmetic Series 1986-1987: A Personal Account.

Margaret Benyon, Holography Studio, 40 Springdale Avenue, Broadstone, Dorset BH18 9EU, United Kingdom.

RUDIE BERKHOUT: Holography: Exploring a New Art Realm.

Rudie Berkhout, 223 West 21st Street, New York, NY 10011, U.S.A.

HARRIET CASDIN-SILVER: 1968-1977: My First 10 Years as Artist/Holographer.

Harriet Casdin-Silver, 99 Pond Avenue D403, Brookline, MA 02146

SYDNEY DINSMORE with MELISSA CRENSHAW: Choice and Circumstance.

Sydney Dinsmore and Melissa Crenshaw, 101 MacDonell Ave., Toronto, Ontario, Canada M6R 2A4.

NANCY GORGLIONE:

EQUUS/UNDERWATER A Holographic Stage Set.

Nancy Gorglione, 2047 Blucher Valley Road, Sebastopol, CA 95472, U.S.A.

SUZANNE ST. CYR with SALLY WEBER:

Treading on the Tail of the Tiger: A Collaborative Effort in

Large-Format Holography. Suzanne St. Cyr, Holographic Applications, 21 Woodland Way, Greenbelt, MD 20770, U.S.A.

BRIGITTE BURGMER: Studies on

Holographic Anamorphoses: 500 Years After.

Brigitte Burgmer, Volksgartenstrasse 14, 5000 K6oln 1, Federal Republic of

Germany.

DIETERJUNG: Holographic Space: A Historic View and Some Personal

Experiences. DieterJung, Vionvillestr. 11, 1000 Berlin 41, Federal Republic of

Germany.

ANA MARIA NICHOLSON: Some

Thoughts on Holographic Portraiture.

Ana Maria Nicholson, 10-44 47th Avenue, Long Island City, NY 11101, U.S.A.

DORIS VILA: Chasing Rainbows: One

Holographer's Approach. Doris Vila, 157 E. 33rd Street, New York, NY 10016, U.S.A.

D. TULLA LIGHTFOOT: Contemporary Art World Bias in Regard to Display Holography.

D. Tulla Lightfoot, 56 Girard Ave., Hartford, CT 06105, U.S.A.

ARLENEJUREWICZ: Holography: Opening New Dimensions for

Learning. ArleneJurewicz, Box 4235, Lincolnville, ME 04849, U.S.A.

CLAUDINE BAINIER with GILBERT TRIBILLON: Holography and Art in a Research Laboratory: A Perspective.

Claudine Bainier and Gilbert Tribillon, Laboratoire d'Optique P.M. Duffieux, Universite de Franche-Comt6, Faculte des Sciences et des Techniques, 25030 Besanqon Cedex, France.

ANDREW PEPPER: Holographic Space: A Generalised Graphic Definition.

Andrew Pepper, 22 Haldane Road, London E6 3JJ, United Kingdom.

POSYJACKSON SMITH: Shearwater Foundation Annual Holography Awards.

PosyJackson Smith, P.O. Box HH, East Hampton, NY 11937, U.S.A.

ISAST Associate Members: US $25; Non-member price: US $45

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Art/Science/Technology Bibliographies

and Reference Lists Theme Pack

This theme pack contains compilations of bibliographies and reference lists published in Leonardo on topics in art/science/technology. These bibliographies are an invaluable resource for research work or for reading lists for art-and-technology classes. Bibliographies include:

* Holography (1989)

* Art and Biology, compiled by Peter Erdi (1989)

* Bio-Bibliography of Jacob Bronowski, compiled by Rita Bronowski (1985)

* Bio-Bibliography of FrankJ. Malina, compiled by Marjorie Malina (1987)

* Bibliography of the Interrelationship between the Visual Arts, Science and Technology, compiled by David Topper andJohn Holloway (1980)

* Interrelationship between the Visual Arts, Science and Technology: An Update, compiled by David Topper andJohn Holloway (1985)

* Dance and Computers, compiled by George Politis (1990)

* Video Art, compiled by Judy Malloy (1989)

* New Foundations Bibliography (education), compiled by Sonia Landy Sheridan (1990)

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Electronic Mail Directory of Professionals

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1?:131 Im:

W' Li ES 11 iss S M



INFORMATION ON ISAST'S ELECTRONIC PRODUCTS

Since 1988 the International Society for the Arts, Sciences and Technology, of which Leonardo is the official publication, has sponsored an electronic network of artists, scientists, engineers, curators and others through the production of...

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Volume 23, Issue 2/3 (1990)

NEW FOUNDATIONS:

CLASSROOM LESSONS

IN ART/SCIENCE/ TECHNOLOGY

FOR THE 1990S

A Special Issue of Leonardo

Guest Editor: SONIA SHERIDAN Founder, Generative Systems Program School

of the Art Institute of Chicago

There are now more than 150 Art and Technology Centers and New Media Departments in colleges and universities around the world. This special issue of Leonardo explores the experimental curricula developed by a number of these programs to address the integration of science and technology into the arts. Artists and scientists discuss their own innovative works using such tools as computers, photocopiers, light, magnetics, electrostatics, and thermography.

Art educators and students alike will find this volume, with its extensive bibliographies, directories of organizations, and explorations into the future, an invaluable resource for the 1990s.

ISAST Associate Members: US $25; Non-Members: US $45

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W-1 LI i: IINgK 00~



Ae o *I

Extended Musical Interface

with the Human Nervous System:

Assessment and Prospectus

by DAVID ROSENBOOM

David Rosenboom is Director of the Center for Contemporary Music, Mills College, Oakland, CA, U.S.A.

This monograph is a ground-breaking survey of artworks that are responsive to bioelectrically derived signals. It includes a historical overview of works using EEG signals

and biofeedback, discusses specific algorithms and approaches for coupling music generation to the composer's brain, and details the new and emerging technologies that

will make new types of work possible. An actual musical score for a biofeedback work involving EEG phenomena is included. Extensive bibliographic references are provided.

ISAST Members: US $15 Non-members: US $25 Order from ISAST, Box 75, 1442A Walnut St., Berkeley, CA 94709, U.S.A.

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Mly .

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connectivity: art and interactive telecommunications || front matter

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