connective tissue
DESCRIPTION
Connective Tissue. Different types of connective tissues maintain form of the body by providing the matrix which connects and bind cells and organs of the body. Connective tissue consists of: Cells Fibers Ground substance Wide variety of connective tissue types reflects variation - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Connective Tissue](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062222/56815dfe550346895dcc3cf0/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Connective TissueConnective Tissue
![Page 2: Connective Tissue](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062222/56815dfe550346895dcc3cf0/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Different types of connective tissues maintain form of the body by providing the matrix which connects and bind cells and organs of the body.
Connective tissue consists of:CellsFibersGround substance
Wide variety of connective tissue types reflects variation in the composition and the amount of the three components
![Page 3: Connective Tissue](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062222/56815dfe550346895dcc3cf0/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Cells Cells of the of the
Connective TissueConnective Tissue
![Page 4: Connective Tissue](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062222/56815dfe550346895dcc3cf0/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Fibroblast Most dominant cell type of connective tissue Synthesis of extracellular matrix components Synthesis of fiber proteins Production of growth factors Fibroblast features Fibrocyte features
![Page 5: Connective Tissue](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062222/56815dfe550346895dcc3cf0/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
MacrophageMacrophage
Ultrastructural featuresUltrastructural features Derived from monocyteDerived from monocyte They form the Mononuclear They form the Mononuclear
Phagocyte SystemPhagocyte System Kupffer cell, Microglia, Osteoclast,Kupffer cell, Microglia, Osteoclast,
Langerhans cell, dendritic cell, Langerhans cell, dendritic cell, Multinuclear giant cell, Epitheloid Multinuclear giant cell, Epitheloid
cellcell FunctionsFunctions
![Page 6: Connective Tissue](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062222/56815dfe550346895dcc3cf0/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Mast CellMast Cell
Ultrastructural featuresUltrastructural features Secretory granules and contentSecretory granules and content MetachromasiaMetachromasia FunctionFunction TypesTypes
Connective tissue mast cellConnective tissue mast cellMucosal mast cellMucosal mast cell
![Page 7: Connective Tissue](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062222/56815dfe550346895dcc3cf0/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Plasma CellPlasma Cell
Ultrastructural featuresUltrastructural features OriginOrigin FunctionFunction
![Page 8: Connective Tissue](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062222/56815dfe550346895dcc3cf0/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Adipocytes and Leukocytes
Will be described later. Adipocytes is a connective tissue cell
specialized in fat storage and heat production Leukocytes leave the blood stream by
Diapedesis. They release chemical mediators of inflammation.
![Page 9: Connective Tissue](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062222/56815dfe550346895dcc3cf0/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Fibers Fibers of theof the
Connective TissueConnective Tissue
![Page 10: Connective Tissue](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062222/56815dfe550346895dcc3cf0/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Collagen Fibers Made of collagen protein which constitutes
30% of human body They form a family of >25 produced by
different types of cells Classifications:
Collagen forming long fibrils I, II, III, V, XIFibril-associated collagen IX, XII, XIVCollagen forming anchoring fibrils VIICollagen forming network IV
Made mainly of glycine and proline
![Page 11: Connective Tissue](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062222/56815dfe550346895dcc3cf0/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Reticular FibersReticular Fibers Made of collagen type III They are very thin and form an extensive net
work in certain organs They contain 6-12% hexose sugars They are found in parenchymatous
organs e.g. liver and spleen Argyrophilia, PAS +
![Page 12: Connective Tissue](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062222/56815dfe550346895dcc3cf0/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Elastic FibersElastic Fibers A system consists of Oxytalan, Elaunin, and
Elastic fibers. Oxytalan fibers are not elastic but resistant to
pulling e.g. zonular ligament and dermis. Consists of fibromodulin and fibrillin
Elaunin fibers: elastin start to deposit between oxytalan fibers e.g. around sweat glands and dermis
Elastic fibers: rich in elastin surrounded by a sheath of microfibrils of oxytalan
Made of, in addition to glycine and prolin, desmosine and isodesmosine
![Page 13: Connective Tissue](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062222/56815dfe550346895dcc3cf0/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
![Page 14: Connective Tissue](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062222/56815dfe550346895dcc3cf0/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Ground Substance
Consists of hydrated , colorless, transparent mixture of macromolecules.
It acts as a lubricant and a barrier Composed of:
GlycoseaminoglycansProteoglycansGlycoproteins
![Page 15: Connective Tissue](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062222/56815dfe550346895dcc3cf0/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Glycoseaminoglycans
Composed of linear polysaccharides formed of repeating disaccharides units made of uronic acid and hexosamine
They are intensely hydrophilic and basophilic and acts as polyanion due to OH ,COO, and SH groups
![Page 16: Connective Tissue](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062222/56815dfe550346895dcc3cf0/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Types and distribution
Hyaluronic Acid Chondroitin sulfate Dermatin sulfate keratin sulfate
![Page 17: Connective Tissue](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062222/56815dfe550346895dcc3cf0/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Proteoglycans Consists of a core protein to which different types
of glycosaminoglycan are attached except hyaluronic acid
Some are free in the ground substance e.g. Aggrecan and others are attached to cell membrane e.g. Syndecan Fibroglycan
![Page 18: Connective Tissue](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062222/56815dfe550346895dcc3cf0/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
GlycoproteinsGlycoproteins
Made dominantly of protein to which attached abranched carbohydrates
Plays a role in the interaction between adult and embryonic cells and adhesion of cells into their sustrate
Examples Fibronectin Laminin
![Page 19: Connective Tissue](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062222/56815dfe550346895dcc3cf0/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Types of Connective TissueTypes of Connective Tissue Connective tissue properConnective tissue proper
Loose connective tissueLoose connective tissueDense connective tissueDense connective tissue
RegularRegularIrregularIrregular
![Page 20: Connective Tissue](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062222/56815dfe550346895dcc3cf0/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Connective Tissue with Special Connective Tissue with Special PropertiesProperties
Adipose Tissue Elastic Tissue Hematopoietic Tissue Mucus Tissue Reticular tissue
![Page 21: Connective Tissue](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062222/56815dfe550346895dcc3cf0/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Adipose Tissue A special type of connective tissue in which
adipocytes predominate It serves as energy depot It shapes the body Act as a shock absorber Thermal insulation Keeps some organs
in place e.g. Kidney
![Page 22: Connective Tissue](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062222/56815dfe550346895dcc3cf0/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Unilocular (Yellow) adipose Tissue It is white to yellow because of carotenoids Most common in adult Almost found everywhere in the body Distribution is affected by age and sex Adipose tissue is divided into incomplete
lobules by connective tissue It is richly vascularized Leptin is produced by fat cell to regulate
amount of adipose tissue in the body Ultrastructure of the adipose cell
![Page 23: Connective Tissue](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062222/56815dfe550346895dcc3cf0/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Multilocular (Brown) Adipose Tissue It is brown because of richness of capillaries
and numerous mitochondria containing colored cytochromes
It has a localized distribution Ultrastructure of adipose cell Cells are directly innervated
by sympathetic nerves
![Page 24: Connective Tissue](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062222/56815dfe550346895dcc3cf0/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Clinical Applications Immediate hypersensitivity reaction and
Anaphylactic shock Progressive systemic sclerosis and keloid Marfan syndrome and fibrillin gene mutation Ehlers-Danlos IV, VI, VII, Scurvy, Osteogenesis
imperfecta
![Page 25: Connective Tissue](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062222/56815dfe550346895dcc3cf0/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)