connecting south asia and southeast asia: interim report
TRANSCRIPT
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Okeeiotfed
_kutb Jsfj jeh_kutbijst JsfjFEXIPFG PI^KPX
J MKFEX _XYHV KC XBI J_FJE HISILK^GIEX @JEA JEH XBI J_FJE HISILK^GIEX @JEA FE_XFXYXI
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Okeeiotfed
_kutb Jsfj jeh_kutbijst Jsfj
Fetirfg Pipkrt
J Mkfet _tuhy kc tbi Jsfje Hivilkpgiet @jea jeh tbi Jsfje Hivilkpgiet @jea Festftuti
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0>:? Jsfje Hivilkpgiet @jea Festftuti
Jll rfdbts risirvih% ^u`lfsbih 0>:?%
^rfetih fe Mjpje
^rfetih usfed viditj`li kfl'`jsih feas ke rioyolih pjpir1 gjeucjoturih tbrkudb j
tktjlly oblkrfei'crii prkoiss%
F_@E 642'8'26648'>?2'8
Ojtjlkdfed'fe'^u`lfojtfke Hjtj
Okeeiotfed _kutb Jsfj jeh _kutbijst Jsfj= fetirfg ripkrt + Jsfje Hivilkpgiet @jea
Festftuti
p% og%
Feoluhis `f`lfkdrjpbfojl ricirieois%
:% OkeeiotfvftyJsfj% 0% FecrjstruoturiJsfj% F% Jsfje Hivilkpgiet @jea Festftuti%
Xbi vfiws ixprissih fe tbfs `kka jri tbksi kc tbi jutbkrs jeh hk ekt eioissjrfly ricliot
tbi vfiws jeh pklfofis kc tbi Jsfje Hivilkpgiet @jea "JH@&, tbi Jsfje Hivilkpgiet @jea
Festftuti "JH@F&, kr tbifr @kjrh kc Dkvirekrs kr tbi dkviregiets tbiy riprisiet%
JH@ jeh JH@F hk ekt dujrjetii tbi joourjoy kc tbi hjtj feoluhih fe tbfs pu`lfojtfke jeh
jooipt ek rispkesf`flfty ckr jey okesiquieoi kc tbifr usi%
@y gjafed jey hisfdejtfke kc kr ricirieoi tk j pjrtfouljr tirrftkry kr dikdrjpbfo jrij, kr
`y usfed tbi tirg okuetry fe tbfs hkougiet, JH@ jeh JH@F hk ekt fetieh tk gjai jey
muhdgiets js tk tbi lidjl kr ktbir stjtus kc jey tirrftkry kr jrij%
JH@F ieokurjdis prfetfed kr okpyfed feckrgjtfke ixolusfvily ckr pirskejl jeh
ekeokggirofjl usi wftb prkpir joaekwlihdgiet kc JH@F% Ysirs jri ristrfotih crkg
risillfed, rihfstrf`utfed, kr orijtfed hirfvjtfvi wkras ckr okggirofjl purpksis wftbkut tbi
ixpriss, wrfttie okesiet kc JH@F%
Ekti= Fe tbfs pu`lfojtfke, ( ricirs tk Yeftih _tjtis hklljrs%
Jsfje Hivilkpgiet @jea Festftuti
Ajsugfdjsiaf @uflhfed 2C
?'0'9, Ajsugfdjsiaf, Obfykhj'au
Xkayk :>>'3>>2
www%jh`f%krd
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Oketiets
J`kut Xbfs _tuhy v
Kvirvfiw vff
J``rivfjtfkes jeh Jorkeygs xxf
: Orkss'_u`ridfkejl Iokekgfo Xfis, @ieits, jeh Oksts :
:%: Xrjhi Lfeas :
:%0 Fevistgiet Lfeas 4
:%? @ieicfts jeh Oksts kc Olksir Fetidrjtfke 6
:%8 _uggjry :0
0 Fssuis jeh Fgpihfgiets tk Drijtir Orkss'_u`ridfkejlFetidrjtfke :9
0%: ^bysfojl Xrjespkrt Fecrjstruoturi :9
0%0 Ieirdy Fecrjstruoturi jeh Xrjhfed 06
0%? Xrjhi Cjoflftjtfke ?9
0%8 Cfejeofed Fecrjstruoturi 8>
0%9 Xrjhi jeh Fevistgiet ^klfoy Pickrgs 84
0%3 Festftutfkes 99
? Gjfe Gissjdis jeh tbi Tjy Ckrwjrh 3:
?%: Gjfe Gissjdis 3:
?%0 Tjy Ckrwjrh 3?
Picirieois 39
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J`kut Xbfs _tuhy
X
bfs fs tbi fetirfg ripkrt kc tbi ke'dkfed mkfet JH@ jeh
JH@F stuhy ke Okeeiotfed _kutb Jsfj jeh _kutbijst
Jsfj% Pisijrob wfll oketfeui jeh tbi cull ripkrt wfll `i
okgplitih fe 0>:8% Xbi ckllkwfed JH@ Hipjrtgiets jeh
Kccfois jri fevklvih fe tbi stuhy= _kutb Jsfj Hipjrtgiet,
_kutbijst Jsfj Hipjrtgiet, Kccfoi kc Pidfkejl Iokekgfo Fetidrjtfke,
jeh Iokekgfos jeh Pisijrob Hipjrtgiet%
Xbi stuhy fs ifed pripjrih uehir tbi kvirjll dufhjeoi kc j stiirfed
okggfttii objfrih `y Gjsjbfrk Ajwjf "Hije jeh OIK, JH@F& jeh Pjmjt
Ejd "Gjejdfed Hfriotkr Dieirjl, JH@& jeh wbfob fs okgpksih kc
sivirjl bijhs kc JH@s kpirjtfkes jeh aekwlihdi hipjrtgiets% Xbisi
feoluhi= Muje Gfrjehj "Hfriotkr'Dieirjl, _kutb Jsfj Hipjrtgiet&, Auefk
_iedj "Hfriotkr Dieirjl, _kutbijst Jsfj Hipjrtgiet&, ^bflfp Irqufjdj"Hfriotkr Dieirjl, ^rfvjti _iotkr Kpirjtfkes Hipjrtgiet&, Objedyked
Pbii "Obfic Iokekgfst, Iokekgfos jeh Pisijrob Hipjrtgiet jeh
Kccfoir fe Objrdi kc tbi Kccfoi kc Pidfkejl Iokekgfo Fetidrjtfke&, jeh
Ajzu _jajf "Hfriotkr Dieirjl, _trjtidy jeh ^klfoy Hipjrtgiet&%
Gfobjil ^luggir "^rkcisskr, Mkbes Bkpafes Yefvirsfty& fs tbi
lijh okesultjet ckr tbi stuhy% ^itir Gkrdje "_iefkr Okesultjet ckr
Pisijrob, JH@F& sirvis js tbi prkmiot tjsa gjejdir ckr tbi stuhy uehir
tbi supirvfsfke kc Djeisbje Tfdejrjmj "Hfriotkr kc Pisijrob, JH@F&%
Xbi fetirfg ripkrt wjs wrfttie `y j tijg kc JH@ jeh JH@F stjcc
jeh okesultjets% Xbi fetirfg ripkrt wjs pripjrih jsih ke feputs crkg
Gfobjil ^luggir, ^itir Gkrdje, Djeisbje Tfdejrjmj, Pkejlh Jetkefk
@utfked, Gyk Xbjet, Hbru`j ^urajyjstbj, Mieey @jl`kj, Rfjkgfed
^je, Giejaj Jruhobilvje jeh @kke Lkked Edfjed% Okggiets jeh
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vf
J`kut Xbfs _tuhy
suddistfkes wiri jlsk dfvie `y _iabjr @keu, Jrmue Dkswjgf, Pjgisb
_u`rjgjefjg, Dfkvjeef Ojpjeeillf, Ouked Gfeb Eduyie, _j`y Gftrj,
Gkbjggjh ^jrviz Fghjh, _buesuai @jehk jeh Eiwfe _bfesrf%
Ckr curtbir feckrgjtfke j`kut tbi stuhy, tbi ckllkwfed gjy `i
oketjotih=
Djeisbje Tfdejrjmj "Hfriotkr kc Pisijrob, JH@F&% Igjfl= dwfdejrjmjN
jh`f%krd
_iabjr @keu "Hfriotkr, _kutb Jsfj Pidfkejl Okkpirjtfke jeh
Kpirjtfkes Okkrhfejtfke Hfvfsfke, JH@&% Igjfl= s`keuNjh`%krd
Jrmue Dkswjgf "Hfriotkr, _kutbijst Jsfj Pidfkejl Okkpirjtfke jeh
Kpirjtfkes Okkrhfejtfke Hfvfsfke, JH@&% Igjfl= jdkswjgfNjh`%krd
Pjgisb _u`rjgjefjg "_iefkr Hfriotkr, Kccfoi kc Pidfkejl Iokekgfo
Fetidrjtfke, JH@&% Igjfl= rsu`rjgjefjgNjh`%krd
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Kvirvfiw
Oketixt jeh Jfg kc tbi _tuhy
_kutb jeh _kutbijst Jsfje iokekgfis bjvi drkwe rjpfhly
hurfed je irj kc j crjdfli wkrlh iokekgfo drkwtb `isit `y rfsas jeh
ueoirtjfetfis% Xbfs prkoiss bjs `iie cuilih `y ixpjehfed ridfkejl
prkhuotfke eitwkras, fetidrjtfke wftb tbi dlk`jl iokekgy, ckrifde
hfriot fevistgiet "CHF&, cjllfed trjhi jeh fevistgiet `jrrfirs, j
okggkhfty `kkg, jeh bifdbtieih higjeh crkg j rfsfed Jsfje gfhhli
oljss% Xbi risults bjvi `iie ixtrigily pksftfvi1 tbisi ridfkes bjvi
`iie jgked tbi gkst hyejgfo fe tbi wkrlh jeh bjvi prkhuoih bfdbly
fgprissfvi skofkiokekgfo fgprkvigiets% Tbfli objlliedis rigjfe,
tbisi ridfkes jri ke tbi rfdbt pjtb% Bkwivir, fetidrjtfke kc trjhi jeh
fevistgiet itwiie tbisi twk su`ridfkes :, wbfli gjafed prkdriss, bjs
`iie riljtfvily lfgftih, bfehirih `y vjrfkus `kttlieioas jeh djps fe
trjhi fecrjstruoturi, trjhi `jrrfirs, jeh lfgftih ridfkejl okkpirjtfke%
Fe tbi jctirgjtb kc tbi dlk`jl cfejeofjl orfsfs, ft bjs `iokgi
olijr tbjt Jsfje iokekgfis gust rily gkri ke hkgistfo jeh ridfkejlhigjeh tk siouri sustjfej`li jeh feolusfvi drkwtb%0 Feorijsih
okeeiotfvfty `itwiie _kutb jeh _kutbijst Jsfj oje pljy je fgpkrtjet
rkli fe jobfivfed tbfs dkjl `y fgprkvfed iccfofieoy jeh prkhuotfvfty vfj
gkri iccfofiet fehustrfis `jsih ke okgpjrjtfvi jhvjetjdi, ieljrdfed
tbi icciotfvi gjrait sfzi jeh feorijsfed jooiss tk ft% Jeh `ittir
okeeiotfvftytbrkudb bjrhwjri jeh jsskofjtih skctwjrilfis jt tbi
bijrt kc uelkoafed tbi cull `ieicfts kc olksir iokekgfo tfis `itwiie
tbi twk su`ridfkes%
Xbfs stuhy ckousis ke bkw fgprkvih okeeiotfvfty jeh jsskofjtih
skctwjri oje iebjeoi gkri icciotfvi iokekgfo fetidrjtfke `itwiie
: Fe tbfs ripkrt wi ckllkw tbi okevietfke tbjt jll kc Jsfj ckrgs j ridfke jeh _kutb Jsfj
jeh _kutbijst Jsfj jri twk kc fts su`ridfkes% _kutb Jsfj feoluhis Jcdbjefstje, @jedljhisb,
@butje, Fehfj, Gjlhfvis, Eipjl, ^jafstje jeh _rf Ljeaj, wbfli _kutbijst Jsfj feoluhis @rueif
Hjrussjljg, Ojg`khfj, Fehkeisfj, Ljk ^ikplis Higkorjtfo Pipu`lfo "Ljk ^HP&, Gjljysfj,
Gyjegjr, ^bflfppfeis, _fedjpkri, Xbjfljeh, jeh Sfit Ejg%0 _ii, i%d%, tbi hfsoussfke kc ri`jljeofed fe JH@ "0>:>j&%
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vfff
Kvirvfiw
tbi twk su`ridfkes% @rkjhly hicfeih, okeeiotfvfty okvirs `ktb pbysfojl
okeeiotfvfty "fecrjstruoturi& jeh jsskofjtih festftutfkejl okeeiotfvfty
kr skctwjri%? Fe tbfs stuhy, pbysfojl fecrjstruoturi feoluhis tbjt riljtih
tk trjespkrt jeh ieirdy, wbfli skctwjri feoluhis tbi orftfojl jrijs kctrjhi cjoflftjtfke, cfejeofed kc fecrjstruoturi, trjhi jeh fevistgiet
rickrgs, jeh festftutfkes ckr okkrhfejtfke%
Xbi tfgi fs rfpi ckr j stuhy kc _kutb jeh _kutbijst Jsfj okeeiotfvfty%
Xbi rioiet pklftfojl rickrg prkoiss fe Gyjegjrj aiy `rfhdi `itwiie
tbisi twk ridfkesekw gjais pkssf`li ljeh okeeiotfvfty `itwiie
_kutb jeh _kutbijst Jsfj, wbfob wjs ekt cijsf`li j ciw yijrs jdk%
Xbi prkspiot kc curtbir lf`irjlfzjtfke `itwiie tbi Jsskofjtfke kc
_kutbijst Jsfje Ejtfkes 8 "J_IJE& jeh gjmkr ridfkejl iokekgfis
"feoluhfed Fehfj& wjs jfhih `y tbi jdriigiet fe Ekvig`ir 0>:0 tk
`idfe eidktfjtfkes fe 0>:? ke j Pidfkejl Okgpribiesfvi Iokekgfo
^jrteirsbfp "POI^&% Xbfs fs pjrtfouljrly fgpkrtjet fe tbi oketixt kc
Fehfjs Lkka Ijst pklfoy% Jeh gjey _kutb jeh _kutbijst iokekgfis
jri oketigpljtfed siokeh dieirjtfke iokekgfo rickrgs tk sustjfe
feolusfvi drkwtb%
Xbiri fs bifdbtieih pklfoy fetirist fe tbi prkoiss kc orkss'
su`ridfkejl fetidrjtfke, jeh pjrtfouljr fetirist fe curtbir hivilkpfed
iokekgfo riljtfkesbfps `itwiie tbisi twk hyejgfo su`ridfkes%
Xbi fgpligietjtfke kc tbi J_IJEFehfj crii trjhi jdriigiet "CXJ&
bjs cjoflftjtih fetrj'ridfkejl trjhi jeh fevistgiet lf`irjlfzjtfke%Ekeitbiliss, suob iokekgfo fetidrjtfke cjois eugirkus objlliedis,
feoluhfed prk`ligjtfo orkss'`krhir fecrjstruoturi lfeas, u`fquftkus
hfccfoultfis riljtih tk wija trjhi cjoflftjtfke, j sbkrtjdi kc fecrjstruoturi
cfejeofed, eugirkus eke'tjrfcc `jrrfirs "EX@s& jeh `jrrfirs tk CHF, jeh
wija festftutfkejl okkrhfejtfke% Fe sbkrt, wbfli iokekgfo fetidrjtfke
icckrts bjvi gjhi prkdriss, tbi prkoiss bjs j lked wjy tk dk `ickri ft
oje rijob fts cull pktietfjl% Fe tbfs stuhy wi objrt j pjtb tk dit tbiri%
Xbfs fetirfg ripkrt fs `jsih ke prilfgfejry risijrob okehuotih
kvir sivirjl gketbs `y j stuhy tijg okgprfsfed stjcc jeh okesultjets
kc tbi Jsfje Hivilkpgiet @jea "JH@& jeh tbi Jsfje Hivilkpgiet
@jea Festftuti "JH@F&% Xbi ripkrt sits kut aiy fssuis fe riljtfke tk
fgprkvfed okeeiotfvfty `itwiie _kutb jeh _kutbijst Jsfj, trjois
? _ii JH@ "0>>3& ckr curtbir hfsoussfke kc tbisi okeoipts%8 J_IJE feoluhis jll kc tbi okuetrfis fe _kutbijst Jsfj%
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Kvi
tbifr fgplfojtfkes, jeh hilfeijtis pkssf`li pklfofis% Objptir : rivfiws
ivklvfed iokekgfo tfis `itwiie tbi twk su`ridfkes jeh fhietfcfis
`ieicfts jeh oksts tk drijtir iokekgfo fetidrjtfke% Objptir 0 fhietfcfis
aiy fssuis jeh okestrjfets tk drijtir iokekgfo fetidrjtfke wbfliObjptir ? ixplkris fgplfojtfkes ckr ckstirfed `ittir okeeiotfvfty jeh
olksir iokekgfo fetidrjtfke js will js tbi eixt stips ckr tbi stuhy%
Drkwfed Iokekgfo Xfis
Fe tbi pkstwjr irj uetfl :66>, _kutb jeh _kutbijst Jsfje iokekgfis
wiri riljtfvily fskljtih crkg kei jektbir jeh tbiri wjs lfttli orkss'
su`ridfkejl iokekgfo fetidrjtfke tbrkudb trjhi kr fevistgiet% _feoi
tbie, tbi drkwtb kc _kutb jeh _kutbijst Jsfje orkss'su`ridfkejl
trjhi bjs `iie rigjraj`lifeorijsfed eijrly 00 tfgis crkg (8 `fllfke
tk (23 `fllfke crkg :66> tk 0>::% Kvir tbi sjgi pirfkh, _kutbijst
Jsfjs sbjri kc _kutb Jsfje trjhi rksi slfdbtly crkg ::) tk :0),
wbirijs _kutb Jsfjs sbjri kc _kutbijst Jsfje trjhi hku`lih crkg
j`kut 0) tk 8)% Xbi sjgi dieirjl stkry jpplfis tk orkss'su`ridfkejl
fevistgiet% _kutbijst Jsfj kely jookuetih ckr :8) kc tktjl _kutb
Jsfje CHF kutclkws hurfed 0>>60>:0, jeh _kutb Jsfj kely rioifvih
3) kc _kutbijst Jsfje CHF% Xbfs suddists tbjt wbfli orkss'su`ridfkejl
trjhi jeh fevistgiet jri riljtfvily lkw okgpjrih tk clkws wftb tbirist kc tbi wkrlh ckr `ktb su`ridfkes, tbiy bjvi rfsie crkg `ifed cjfrly
fesfdefcfojet tk `ifed fgpkrtjet tk `ktb su`ridfkes, pjrtfouljrly ckr
_kutb Jsfj% Ft jlsk fehfojtis tbjt CHF'hrfvie prkhuotfke eitwkras jeh
pjrts jeh okgpkeiets trjhi, wbfob jri j aiy hrfvir kc trjhi ixpjesfke
fe _kutbijst Jsfj, bjvi yit tk tjai cfrg rkkt fe _kutb Jsfj%
@ieits jeh Oksts kc Drijtir
Iokekgfo Fetidrjtfke jehOkkpirjtfke
Tbfli iokekgfo riljtfkes `itwiie _kutb jeh _kutbijst Jsfj jri
jt j riljtfvily ijrly stjdi, tbiy bjvi j ljrdi iokekgfo pktietfjl% Xbiri
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Kvi
orkss'`krhir fecrjstruoturi prkmiots, jeh `ittir gjejdigiet kc
tbi orkss'`krhir sprijh kc feciotfkus hfsijsis, jeh wjtir jeh jfr
pkllutfke, js will js stkppfed hrud jeh bugje trjccfoafed%
Cfejlly, drijtir okeeiotfvfty oje prkvfhi tbi `jsfs ckr gkrifeolusfvi drkwtb wftb drijtir pktietfjl ckr rihuofed pkvirty jeh
olksfed hivilkpgiet djps% Xbfs feoluhis gfekrfty drkups tbjt bjvi
`iie gjrdfejlfzih fe tbi pjst, lijhfed tk okeclfot sftujtfkes% _uob
hivilkpgiets okulh bjvi `rkjhir `ieicfts kc prkgktfed stj`flfty
jeh iebjeofed pijoi jeh siourfty fe tbi ridfke, feoluhfed jspiots
riljtih tk wjtir supply, lj`kr gk`flfty jeh pkssf`ly hiciesi%
Xbi pktietfjl djfes crkg olksir orkss'su`ridfkejl iokekgfo
fetidrjtfke jri ek hku`t ljrdi% Je ijrlfir stuhy usfed j slfdbtly hfcciriet
ridfkejl ueft kc jejlysfs "J_IJE!? 4 jeh _kutb Jsfj& istfgjtis ljrdi
djfes "j`kut (03> `fllfke, kr 0) kc drkss hkgistfo prkhuot QDH^W&
crkg je Ijst jeh _kutb Jsfje crii trjhi jrij, uehir okesirvjtfvi
jssugptfkes "Crjekfs, Pjej, jeh Tfdejrjmj 0>>6= 02 QXj`li :%3W&%
Okuetrfis k`tjfefed riljtfvily ljrdi pksftfvi feokgi fgpjots "kvir 0)&
feoluhih Akrij, Fehkeisfj, Gjljysfj, ^bflfppfeis, _fedjpkri, Xbjfljeh,
Sfit Ejg, Fehfj jeh _rf Ljeaj% Xk `i suri, tbi prkoiss kc olksir fetrj'
ridfkejl iokekgfo fetidrjtfke dieirjtis pktietfjl `ieicfts `ut gjy
ietjfl skgi jhhftfkejl oksts wbfob eiih sirfkus rivfiw jeh gftfdjtfke
gijsuris% Ckr festjeoi, olksir fetrj'ridfkejl iokekgfo tfis jeh cjstirdrkwtb gjy ietjfl pkllutfke jeh ievfrkegietjl hidrjhjtfke% Pidfkejl
iokekgfo fetidrjtfke gjy jlsk bjstie tbi sprijh kc hfsijsi jeh
orfgi% Jeh tbi prkoiss gjy ixjoir`jti cijrs kc gfdrjtfke jeh itbefo
tiesfkes%
Gyjegjr js j @rfhdi
@y vfrtui kc fts strjtidfo lkojtfke strjhhlfed _kutb Jsfj jeh
_kutbijst Jsfj, tbi rioiet kpiefed up kc Gyjegjr fe pklftfojl,
iokekgfo, jeh cfejeofjl tirgs prisiets j sfdefcfojet eiw kppkrtuefty
ckr iebjeofed tbisi fetidrjtfke icckrts, wftb tbi prkgfsi kc su`stjetfjl
djfes ckr `ktb su`ridfkes% Xbfs fs pjrtfouljrly tbi ojsi ckr ljeh'
4 J_IJE plus ^PO, Mjpje jeh Pipu`lfo kc Akrij%
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xff
Kvirvfiw
`jsih trjespkrtjtfke`ktb bfdbwjys jeh rjflrkjhsjeh ieirdy
fecrjstruoturi% Gyjegjr oje `ieicft su`stjetfjlly crkg kpiefed up
jeh iokgfed j rfhdi itwiie _kutb jeh _kutbijst Jsfj% Xbi okuetry
bjs sivirjl skurois kc okgpjrjtfvi jhvjetjdi feoluhfed rfob ejturjlriskuroi iehkwgiets "i%d%, pitrkliug, ejturjl djs, okjl, tfg`ir,
gfeirjls, jeh priofkus stkeis&1 j`uehjet lkw'okst lj`kr ckr ixpkrt'
krfietih fehustrfis1 jeh bfstkrfo sftis wftb ektj`li tkurfsg pktietfjl%
Js gietfkeih j`kvi, tbisi pktietfjl djfes feoluhi oketrf`utfed tk
jobfivfed feolusfvi jeh sustjfej`li drkwtb, fetidrjtfke fetk ridfkejl
prkhuotfke eitwkras, jeh oketrf`utfed tk prkoissis kc pklftfojl
riokeoflfjtfke fe tbi ridfke% Xbi kpiefed up kc Gyjegjr tjais ke
pjrtfouljr fgpkrtjeoi fe tbi oketixt kc Fehfjs Lkka Ijst pklfoy, tbi
POI^ eidktfjtfkes tk orijti j ljrdi ridfke'wfhi CXJ, jeh tbi gkvi
tkwjrh je J_IJE Iokekgfo Okgguefty `y 0>:9% Fgprkvih hkgistfo
okeeiotfvfty jeh sustjfefed pklfoy rickrgs jri eioissjry okehftfkes
tk iesuri tbjt Gyjegjr oje `i je icciotfvi `rfhdi `itwiie _kutb jeh
_kutbijst Jsfj jeh tbjt tbi ridfke oje `ieicft%
Gjfe Okestrjfets tk DrijtirIokekgfo Fetidrjtfke
J eug`ir kc `jrrfirs bjvi lfgftih hiipir orkss'su`ridfkejl
fetidrjtfke jeh tbi pktietfjl `ieicfts tbirikc% Bieoi, rihuofed tbisi
`jrrfirs eiihs tk `i j bfdb prfkrfty ke tbi jdiehjs kc okestftuiet
dkviregiets jeh ridfkejl festftutfkes% Xbi aiy fssuis jeh
fgpihfgiets ixjgfeih biri feoluhi pbysfojl trjespkrt fecrjstruoturi,
ieirdy fecrjstruoturi jeh trjhfed, trjhi cjoflftjtfke, cfejeofed kc
fecrjstruoturi, trjhi jeh fevistgiet pklfoy rickrgs, jeh festftutfkejl
jspiots%2 Ti jhhriss ijob kc tbisi `ilkw%
2 Feckrgjtfke jeh okgguefojtfke tiobeklkdy "FOX&, jltbkudb jlsk fgpkrtjet, fs ekt
feoluhih fe tbfs stuhy%
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:% ^bysfojl Xrjespkrt FecrjstruoturiFgprkvfed pbysfojl okeeiotfvfty fe _kutb Jsfj jeh _kutbijst
Jsfj fs je fgpkrtjet stip tk drijtir iokekgfo fetidrjtfke% Dfvietbi hfvirsi dikdrjpby jeh rjedi kc jpplfoj`li trjespkrt gkhis fe
tbi twk su`ridfkes, jssissgiet jeh pljeefed kc trjespkrt eiihs
riqufri j ridfkejl jeh gultfgkhjl pirspiotfvi tbjt feoluhis ljeh,
jfr, jeh gjrftfgi trjespkrt% Aiy pbysfojl `jrrfirs kr bfehrjeois tk
orkss'su`ridfkejl trjhi jri lkojtih gjfely fe Gyjegjr, tbi kely ljeh
`rfhdi `itwiie tbisi su`ridfkes, wbfli ktbir djps jri fhietfcfih fe
@jedljhisb, Ojg`khfj, Fehfj, tbi Ljk ^ikplis Higkorjtfo Pipu`lfo
"Ljk ^HP& jeh Xbjfljeh% Gjmkr pkrts fe tbi jrij succir crkg eugirkus
okestrjfets ke ojpjofty, iccfofieoy, jeh okeeiotfvfty tk rkjh jeh
rjfl eitwkras% J eug`ir kc aiy stuhfis prkvfhi tbi `jsis ckr tbisi
jssissgiets, feoluhfed JH@ "0>>2&, JH@ "0>::j&, JH@ "0>:?`&, IPFJ
"0>:>&, _JJPO "0>>3&, YEI_OJ^ "0>>3& jeh YEI_OJ^ "0>::&%
_ivirjl `kttlieioas bjvi `iie fhietfcfih fe rkjh eitwkra lfeas
`itwiie _kutb jeh _kutbijst Jsfj% Ckr festjeoi, fe tbi Jsfje Bfdbwjy
tbi ckllkwfed `kttlieioas ixfst= "f& fe Fehfj, 8?: aflkgitirs "ag& jri
oljss FFF rkjhs kr `ilkw1 "ff& fe @jedljhisb, 22 ag kc rkjhs jri oljss FFF
kr `ilkw1 jeh "fff& fe Gyjegjr, kvir :,>>> ag jri oljss FFF kr `ilkw%
Xbfs gijes tbjt j`kut 9:) kc tbi tktjl liedtb kc tbi Jsfje Bfdbwjy fe
_kutb jeh _kutbijst Jsfj jri oljss FFF kr `ilkw rkjhs, fehfojtfed guobsokpi ckr fgprkvigiet kc tbi orkss'su`ridfkejl rkjh eitwkra%
Tftb rispiot tk tbi fetrj'ridfkejl rjfl eitwkra, tbi Xrjes'Jsfje
Pjflwjy "XJP& eitwkra feoluhis j`kut :>,9>> ag kc gfssfed lfeas
wbfob eiih tk i okestruotih tk prkvfhi ckr je ue`rkaie XJP eitwkra%
Xbiri jri ek ixfstfed rjflwjy lfeas itwiie tbi DG_ okuetrfis, wftb tbi
ixoiptfke kc j okeeiotfke `itwiie ^PO jeh Sfit Ejg, kr `itwiie DG_
jeh _kutb Jsfj% Gkrikvir, tbi feokgpjtf`flfty kc djudis "trjoa wfhtbs&
fe Fehfj, @jedljhisb, Xbjfljeh jeh Gyjegjr gijes tbjt trjessbfpgiet
wfll `i riqufrih ivie jctir tbrkudb rjfl lfeas jri hivilkpih% Istfgjtis
suddist tbiri jri j`kut 0,86? ag kc orftfojl gfssfed rjflwjy lfeas fe
tbi XJP okeeiotfed _kutb jeh _kutbijst Jsfj% _kgi kc tbi gfssfed
rjflwjy lfeas oje `i ckueh fe tbi ckllkwfed rkutis=
Mfrf`jg "Fehfj&Ajljy "Gyjegjr&
Xbje`byuzjyjt "Gyjegjr&Ejgtka "Xbjfljeh&
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Sfietfjei "Ljk ^HP&Gu Dfj "Sfit Ejg&Sued Je
@jt Hied "Ojg`khfj&Lko Efeb "Sfit Ejg&Bk Obf Gfeb Ofty
Pidjrhfed sijpkrts, stuhfis bjvi fhietfcfih prk`ligs wftb cjoflftfis,kpirjtfkejl iccfofieoy, jeh okeeiotfvfty `itwiie sijpkrts jeh rjflwjy
jeh rkjh eitwkras% Xbi ckllkwfed prk`ligs wiri k`sirvih fe gjmkr
pkrts=
Obfttjdked ^krt "@jedljhisb&tbi sfzi kc vissils tbjt jri j`li tk ojll
fs lfgftih `y tbi wfhtb jeh ourvjturi kc tbi Ajrejpbulf Pfvir% Pjfl
jeh rkjh trjccfo `itwiie Obfttjdked ^krt jeh Hbjaj jlsk orijtih
siviri `kttlieioas%
Vjedke ^krt "Gyjegjr&lfgftih jooissf`flfty tk ljrdi vissils, pkkr
rkjh okehftfkes itwiie tbi Xbfljwj pkrt jrij jeh tbi rfhdi lijhfed
tk Vjedke, bfdb oketjfeir objrdis, k`skliti cjoflftfis fe Vjedke pkrt,
criquiet `ljoakuts jeh fesuccfofiet dieirjtkrs, jeh ljoa kc ojrdk
iqufpgiet jri jgked tbi gjmkr prk`ligs fe tbfs pkrt%
Gultfgkhjl okrrfhkrs ig`rjoi gultfpli gkhis kc trjespkrt, wbfli
iokekgfo okrrfhkrs tjai je fetidrjtih jpprkjob tk fecrjstruoturi jlked
siliotih rkutis tk gjxfgfzi lkdfstfojl iccfofieoy% Fe tbi ojsi kc DG_
iokekgfo okrrfhkrs, sivirjl djps jeh eiw okrrfhkrs jri fhietfcfih% Ckr
festjeoi, j ektj`li djp fs fhietfcfih jlked tbi Tistire Okrrfhkr, tfih
fe wftb tbi ixtiesfke kc tbi IjstTist Okrrfhkr crkg Ajwajrifa tk^yjdyf ke tbi Tistire Okrrfhkr% Istj`lfsbfed tbfs lfea wfll tbus okeeiot
tbi Tistire Okrrfhkr, wbfob lfeas tk Fehfj jt Xjgu, tk tbi Ijst Tist
Okrrfhkr% Curtbirgkri, j eiw DG_ okrrfhkr tbjt bjs `iie prkpksih
fs tbi GyjegjrLjk ^HPSfit Ejg Xrfljtirjl IjstTist Okrrfhkr,
wbfob wkulh rue ekrtb kc jeh pjrjllil tk tbi Ijst Tist Okrrfhkr% Ft
wkulh okeeiot Ayjuapbyu jlked tbi @jy kc @iedjl "wbfob fs `ifed
prkpksih ckr tbi hivilkpgiet kc j hiip sij pkrt& wftb tbi ijstire ieh
jt Bjf ^bked fe Sfit Ejg% Fe Gyjegjr, ft wkulh ixtieh :,?8> ag crkg
Ayjuapbyu tk Ayjfedljt% Ft wkulh tbie ixtieh ?40 ag fe tbi Ljk ^HP
crkg tbi `krhir `rfhdi tk Xjf Obje, jeh jektbir 93: ag fe Sfit Ejg
crkg tbi `krhir tk Bjf ^bked%
Xbi _kutb Jsfj Jsskofjtfke ckr Pidfkejl Okkpirjtfke "_JJPO&
Pidfkejl Gultfgkhjl Xrjespkrt _tuhy "_PGX_& "_JJPO 0>>3& wjs
feftfjtih tk iebjeoi gultfgkhjl trjespkrt okeeiotfvfty jgked gig`ir
stjtis% ^bjsi F kc tbi stuhy fhietfcfih :> Pidfkejl Pkjh Okrrfhkrs, 9
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Pidfkejl Pjfl Okrrfhkrs, 0 Pidfkejl Feljeh Tjtirwjys Okrrfhkrs, :>
Gjrftfgi Djtiwjys jeh :3 Jvfjtfke Djtiwjys tbjt okulh sirvi js
_JJPO okrrfhkrs ckr fetir'okuetry gkvigiet%
J eug`ir kc sftis fe Gyjegjr jri ojehfhjtis tk `i hivilkpihjs hiipwjtir pkrts ckr sij'ljeh okrrfhkrs okeeiotfed Fehfj jeh
J_IJE suob js tbi Giaked'Fehfj Iokekgfo Okrrfhkr "GFIO&% Xbfs
gjrftfgi okrrfhkr wfll `i lfeaih crkg Fehfje pkrts tk ljeh trjespkrt
okeeiotfvfty fevklvfed tbi `rkjh hicfeftfke kc tbi DG_ _kutbire
Okrrfhkr rueefed crkg Sued Xju jeh Bk Obf Gfeb Ofty fe Sfit Ejg,
^bekg ^ieb fe Ojg`khfj, @jedaka fe Xbjfljeh, jeh curtbir tk Hjwif
pkrt fe Gyjegjr%
0% Ieirdy Fecrjstruoturi jeh XrjhfedXbiri jri su`stjetfjl kppkrtueftfis ckr orkss'su`ridfkejl ieirdy
trjhfed `itwiie _kutb Jsfj jeh _kutbijst Jsfj% Tbfli sfdefcfojet
livils kc fetrjridfkejl ieirdy tjai pljoi wftbfe `ktb su`ridfkes, orkss'
su`ridfkejl ieirdy trjhfed fs stfll tk i tjppih% Xbi gjfe kppkrtueftfis
ckr ieirdy trjhfed itwiie _kutb jeh _kutbijst Jsfj lfi fe tbi jrijs kc
iliotrfo "gjfely byhrkiliotrfo& pkwir jeh djs pfpilfeis, plus pkklfed
jeh fetirokeeiotfke kc iliotrfo pkwir drfhs% Gyjegjr bjs je fgpkrtjet
pktietfjl rkli tk pljy fe ieirdy trjhfed, dfvie fts su`stjetfjl risirvis kc
byhrkiliotrfo pkwir ojpjofty jeh ejturjl djs, plus fts orftfojl pksftfkejs j pfpilfei lkojtfke% "Xk `i suri, Gyjegjrs iliotrfcfojtfke rjtfk fs je
istfgjtih 03), sk ckr tbi eijr' tk gihfug'tirg, hkgistfo supply gjy
`i prfkrftfzih kvir trjhfed jorkss `krhirs%& Xbi aiy objlliedi wfll `i
tk hivilkp `ktb tbi pbysfojl jeh festftutfkejl fecrjstruoturis tbjt oje
iej`li suob trjhfed tk tjai pljoi%
Jgked tbi fhietfcfih `jrrfirs tk orkss'su`ridfkejl ieirdy trjhfed
jri=
tiobefojl `jrrfirs, fe pjrtfouljr drfh syeobrkefzjtfke jeh drfh okhis
tk iliotrfo pkwir jeh ejturjl djs pfpilfei tiobeklkdy1
pktietfjl hfccfoulty fe eidktfjtfkes ckr trjhfed jrrjedigiets risultfed
crkg vjryfed livils kc iokekgfo hivilkpgiet jeh hfcciriet siourfty
okeoires1
fecrjstruoturi jeh cfejeofjl `jrrfirs1
riduljtkry `jrrfirs jeh hfstkrtih ieirdy prfofed jeh su`sfhy
ridfgis1
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Xrjhi "_JCI Crjgiwkra&, tbi J_IJE _fedli Tfehkw, jeh tbi JH@'
suppkrtih DG_ ^rkdrjg ke trjhi jeh trjespkrt cjoflftjtfke%
Xbi J_IJE _fedli Tfehkw feftfjtfvi fs ekw `ifed fgpligietih
jeh gig`ir okuetrfis jri iedjdih fe rijlfzfed tbfs feftfjtfvi% Okuetry'livil trjhi cjoflftjtfke prkdrjgs jri jlsk `ifed uehirtjaie fe _kutb
Jsfj tk jooihi tk tbi Pivfsih Ayktk Okevietfke jeh tk gkhirefzi
oustkgs gjejdigiet jeh jhgfefstrjtfke% JH@ fs jotfvily fevklvih fe
prkvfhfed suppkrt ckr riduljtkry rickrgs jfgih jt fgprkvfed oustkgs
kpirjtfkes%
8% Cfejeofed FecrjstruoturiCfejeofed fecrjstruoturi prkmiots fe tbi ridfke prisiets gjey
objlliedis, ivie gkri sk ckr orkss'`krhir prkmiots wbiri tbi okuetrfis
fevklvih bjvi hfcciriet cfejeofjl ojpjofty, livils kc hivilkpgiet,
jeh prkspiotfvi `ieicfts crkg tbi prkmiots% Xwk gjmkr `jrrfirs ckr
fecrjstruoturi cfejeofed jri lfgftih livils kc hkgistfo cfejeofjl
ojpjofty jeh ridfkejl cfejeofjl fetidrjtfke%
Hkgistfo cfejeofjl ojpjofty% Kvirjll jvjflj`flfty kc cfejeoi ckr
fecrjstruoturi fs lfgftih `y uehirhivilkpih ejtfkejl jeh ridfkejl
cfejeofjl gjraits% Gjmkr rijskes ckr ljoa kc cfejeofjl siotkr
hivilkpgiet feoluhi ljoa kc rickrgs fe oketrjotujl sjvfeds jeh j
dieirjl riluotjeoi tk jllkw ckrifde jeas jeh cfejeofjl festftutfkes tkpjrtfofpjti fe uflhfed lkojl ojpftjl gjraits% Gkrikvir, keh gjraits
fe `ktb su`ridfkes bjvi ejrrkw fevistkr `jsis jeh lkw lfqufhfty fe
siokehjry gjraits% Lkedir tirg festftutfkejl sjvfeds fe piesfkes,
prkvfhiet cuehs, jeh fesurjeoi bjvi riduljtkry okestrjfets wbfob
priviet tbig crkg fevistfed fe fecrjstruoturi jssits jeh ojsb'clkw'
`joaih `kehs crkg fecrjstruoturi prkmiots% Xbi `jeafed siotkr
hkgfejtis okggirofjl orihft ut kctie fs uesuftj`li ckr tbi lked'tirg
liehfed riqufrih `y okggirofjl fecrjstruoturi prkmiots% Festftutfkes
tk suppkrt pu`lfoprfvjti pjrteirsbfps "^^^s& fe fecrjstruoturi
prkmiots jri dieirjlly uehirhivilkpih%
Pidfkejl cfejeofjl fetidrjtfke stfll lfgftih% Ejtfkejl sjvfeds jeh
ckrifde ixobjedi risirvis tieh tk `i pjraih fe Yeftih _tjtis "Y_&
jeh Iurkpije dkviregiet siourftfis js j risult kc ljoa kc cfejeofjl
fetidrjtfke fe tbi ridfke% _kgi okuetrfis fe tbi ridfke bjvi ljrdi
sjvfeds, bfdb rigfttjeois, jeh sfdefcfojet ckrifde ixobjedi risirvis1
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bieoi, tbi objlliedi fs bkw tk cjoflftjti jpprkprfjti cfejeofjl
fetirgihfjtfke ckr fecrjstruoturi fevistgiets% Xbi kptfkes ckr
cfejeofed okeeiotfvfty fecrjstruoturi eiih tk `i ixpjehih tk feoluhi
pu`lfo cfejeoi, kcc'`uhdit cfejeofed, ^^^s, cfejeofjl fetirgihfjryliehfed, lkojl ourrieoy `keh gjraits, jeh ridfkejl fecrjstruoturi
cuehs jeh cjoflftfis% Xbi J_IJE Fecrjstruoturi Cueh "JFC& fs jlrijhy
jotfvi fe tbfs jrij, jeh okulh `i ixpjehih tk `iokgi je Jsfje
fecrjstruoturi fevistgiet cueh%
9% Xrjhi jeh Fevistgiet ^klfoy PickrgsXjrfccs jeh EX@s oketfeui tk okestrjfe tbi sokpi ckr trjhi jeh
fevistgiet `itwiie _kutb Jsfj jeh _kutbijst Jsfj% Tbfli tjrfcc
`jrrfirs bjvi dieirjlly cjllie wftb tbi ixirofsi kc gkst cjvkrih ejtfke
"GCE& rjtis, tbi jpplfojtfke kc pricirietfjl tjrfcc rjtis, wbfob jri lkwir
tbje GCE tjrfcc rjtis, bjs ekt `iie sfdefcfojet% Xbi icciotfvily jpplfih
tjrfcc rjtis "IJXPs& ke orkss'su`ridfkejl trjhi `y `ktb su`ridfkes
jri riljtfvily olksi tk tbi GCE jpplfih tjrfcc rjtis, wbfob gijes tbjt
tbiri fs stfll jgpli rkkg ckr rihuofed tjrfcc `jrrfirs `itwiie tbi twk
su`ridfkes js j gijes kc `kkstfed trjhi, CHF, jeh iokekgfo drkwtb%
Je istfgjtih 49)2>) kc EX@s tbjt hfsorfgfejti jdjfest ckrifde
okggirofjl fetirists rigjfe fe ckroi% Xbi ljrdist iokekgfis fe tbi
ridfke jlsk jri tbi gkst jotfvi fe fgpksfed EX@s% Fe _kutb Jsfj, Fehfjwjs rispkesf`li ckr 23 kut kc 66 hfsorfgfejtkry eke'tjrfcc gijsuris,
ckllkwih `y ^jafstje jeh _rf Ljeaj% Fe _kutbijst Jsfj, Fehkeisfj
jookuetih ckr 90 kut kc 60 gijsuris, ckllkwih `y Sfit Ejg jeh gkri
jhvjeoih iokekgfis%
Ixpjehfed `rkjh'`jsih CXJs `itwiie tbi twk su`ridfkes fs j
gijes tk rihuoi `jrrfirs tk trjhi jeh fevistgiet js will js tk prkvfhi
je ievfrkegiet ckr drijtir okeeiotfvfty% Fe Ekvig`ir 0>:0, J_IJE
gig`irs jeh tbifr CXJ pjrteirs jdriih tk eidktfjti je POI^% Ourrietly,
Fehfj fs tbi kely _kutb Jsfje okuetry tk mkfe tbi eidktfjtfkes, `ut
ktbir _kutb Jsfje okuetrfis gjy mkfe tbi prkoiss fe tbi cuturi%
3% Festftutfkes@uflhfed festftutfkes tbjt wfll fgprkvi orkss'su`ridfkejl
okkrhfejtfke jeh jhhriss okkrhfejtfke djps fe jrijs suob js okkpirjtfvi
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pljeefed jeh fgpligietjtfke prkoissis fs j gjmkr objlliedi% Ejtfkejl
livil okkrhfejtfke jlkei fs jlrijhy je jrhukus prkoiss, `ut prk`ligs
rfsi dikgitrfojlly wbie okkrhfejtfke pklfofis eiih tk `i hivilkpih
jorkss twk kr gkri okuetrfis sfeoi tbisi fevklvi tbi okkrhfejtfke kchfvirsi pklftfojl jeh lidjl systigs, iokekgfo festftutfkes, jeh ivie
skofkoulturjl trjhftfkes%
Olksfed okkrhfejtfke djps fe _kutb jeh _kutbijst Jsfje okkpirjtfke
jeh fetidrjtfke wfll riqufri ritkklfed ixfstfed festftutfkes jeh
orijtfed eiw keis tk cjoflftjti iokekgfo lfeas, fhietfcy jeh prfkrftfzi
igirdfed jeh lked'rue k`stjolis tk orkss'su`ridfkejl okeeiotfvfty
jeh okkpirjtfke, jeh bilp oketrf`uti tk sklutfkes% J prjdgjtfo wjy
tk stjrt gjy `i tk ckous ke spiofcfo ridfkejl prkmiots jeh tk okeviei
prkmiot'spiofcfo tiobefojl wkrafed drkups tk kvirsii tbi pljeefed
jeh fgpligietjtfke kc tbi prkmiots% Xbisi prkmiots okulh, fe ture, `i
feoluhih fe tbi jdiehj kc giitfeds kc tbi rilivjet DG_ jeh _J_IO
wkrafed drkups% Js sioritjrfjt kc `ktb DG_ jeh _J_IO, JH@ sbkulh
`i j`li tk bilp wftb tbfs prkoiss%
Fgplfojtfkes jeh Eixt _tips ckrtbi _tuhy
Xbfs fetirfg ripkrt kc tbi stuhy kc _kutb jeh _kutbijst Jsfje
okeeiotfvfty bfdblfdbts tbi iokekgfo tfis `itwiie tbi twk su`ridfkes
jeh tbi aiy rkli kc pbysfojl okeeiotfvfty jeh jsskofjtih skctwjri
fe striedtbiefed orkss'su`ridfkejl iokekgfo fetidrjtfke% Xbrii
fgplfojtfkes crkg tbi prilfgfejry risijrob hkei tk hjti jri wkrtb
ektfed% Cfrst, guob fs jlrijhy bjppiefed fe riljtfke tk striedtbiefed
iokekgfo tfis `itwiie tbi twk su`ridfkes, `ut ft fs ekt iekudb, jeh
okesfhirj`li pktietfjl ixfsts ckr striedtbiefed iokekgfo tfis% _iokeh,
tbiri jri su`stjetfjl iokekgfo `ieicfts tk drijtir orkss'su`ridfkejl
fetidrjtfke, `ut pkssf`li oksts wfll eiih tk `i gftfdjtih% Xbfrh, je
fetidrjtih jeh `rkjh'`jsih jpprkjob tk okeeiotfvfty fs eiihih tk
gkvi ckrwjrh% _uob je jpprkjob wkulh feoluhi fevistgiet fe orkss'
`krhir trjespkrt jeh ieirdy fecrjstruoturi, fgprkvigiets fe trjhi
cjoflftjtfke, hivilkpgiet kc fecrjstruoturi cfejeofed jt ejtfkejl jeh
ridfkejl livils, fgpligietjtfke kc trjhi jeh fevistgiet rickrgs,
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Kvirvfiw
jeh `uflhfed festftutfkes tbjt wfll fgprkvi okkrhfejtfke jeh jhhriss
okkrhfejtfke djps%
Xbi eixt stips ckr tbi stuhy jri prkpksih tk feoluhi=
Gjppfed kc trjhi jeh ieirdy fecrjstruoturi pjttires jorkss _kutbjeh _kutbijst Jsfj jeh fhietfcfojtfke kc fecrjstruoturi fevistgiet
prkmiots%
Gkhilfed `ieicfts jeh oksts kc iebjeoih orkss'su`ridfkejl
iokekgfo fetidrjtfke usfed okgputj`li dieirjl iquflf`rfug "ODI&
jeh iokekgitrfo gkhillfed gitbkhs%
Bfdblfdbtfed tbi stjti kc fecrjstruoturi cfejeofed jeh pkssf`li
kptfkes%
Jssissfed `jrrfirs tk orkss'su`ridfkejl trjhi jeh fevistgiet jeh
tbi prkspiots ckr lf`irjlfzjtfke jt tbi ejtfkejl jeh ridfkejl livils%
Ivjlujtfed okkrhfejtfke djps jeh jpprkprfjti festftutfkejl
sklutfkes%
Ixjgfejtfke kc tbi pklftfojl iokekgy kc je jdiehj ckr striedtbiefed
festftutfkes tk prkgkti `ittir okeeiotfvfty jeh olksir iokekgfo
riljtfkes `itwiie _kutb jeh _kutbijst Jsfj%
Jssissgiets kc siliotih okuetrfis okehftfkes, eiihs, jeh strjtidfis
ckr orkss'su`ridfkejl iokekgfo okkpirjtfke tbrkudb okeeiotfvfty%
Xbi gjfe stuhy ripkrt fs ixpiotih tk `i okgplitih fe 0>:8%
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J``rivfjtfkes jeh
Jorkeygs
JO Jltirejti Ourriet
JOFJ J_IJE Okgpribiesfvi Fevistgiet Jrij
JH@ Jsfje Hivilkpgiet @jea
JH@F Jsfje Hivilkpgiet @jea Festftuti
JIO J_IJE Iokekgfo Okgguefty
JCXJ J_IJE Crii'trjhi Jrij "JCXJ&
JB Jsfje Bfdbwjy
JBE J_IJE Bfdbwjy Eitwkra
JFC J_IJE Fecrjstruoturi Cueh
JFC Jsfje Fecrjstruoturi Cueh
JLXFH Jsfje Ljeh Xrjespkrt Fecrjstruoturi Hivilkpgiet
JPFO Jsfj Pidfkejl Fetidrjtfke Oietir
J_IJE Jsskofjtfke kc _kutbijst Jsfje Ejtfkes
@FG_XIO @jy kc @iedjl Feftfjtfvi ckr Gultf'_iotkrjl Xiobefojl
jeh Iokekgfo Okkpirjtfke@XFL_ @FG_XIO Xrjespkrt Fecrjstruoturi jeh Lkdfstfos
_tuhy
OI^IJ Okgpribiesfvi Iokekgfo ^jrteirsbfp fe Ijst Jsfj
ODI Okgputj`li Dieirjl Iquflf`rfug
O^F_ Okkrhfejtih ^krtcklfk Fevistgiet _urviy
HTX Hijhwifdbt Xkeejdi
IJXP Icciotfvily Jpplfih Xjrfcc Pjti
I^C Iliotrfo ^kwir Ckrug
IPFJ Iokekgfo Pisijrob Festftuti ckr J_IJE jeh Ijst
Jsfj
IY Iurkpije Yefke
ITO Ijst'Tist Okrrfhkr
ITIO Ijst'Tist Iokekgfo Okrrfhkr
CHF Ckrifde Hfriot Fevistgiet
CXJ Crii Xrjhi Jdriigiet
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xxff
J``rivfjtfkes jeh Jorkeygs
DH^ Drkss Hkgistfo ^rkhuot
DG_ Drijtir Giaked _u`ridfke
DXJ Dlk`jl Xrjhi Jlirt
BH_ Bjlhfj Hkoa _ystigBSHO Bfdb Skltjdi Hfriot Ourriet
FOX Feckrgjtfke jeh okgguefojtfke tiobeklkdy
FDJ Fetir'Dkviregiet Jdriigiet
FGXXB FehfjGyjegjrXbjfljeh Xrfljtirjl Bfdbwjy
FGC Fetirejtfkejl Gkeitjry Cueh
AH_ Aklajtj Hkoa _ystig
GCE Gkst Cjvkrih Ejtfke
GDO GiakedDjedj Okkpirjtfke
GFIO Giaked'Fehfj Iokekgfo Okrrfhkr
EJCXJ Ekrtb Jgirfoje Crii Xrjhi Jdriigiet
EX@ Eke'Xjrfcc @jrrfir
E_IO Ekrtb'_kutb Iokekgfo Okrrfhkr
KIOH Krdjefzjtfke ckr Iokekgfo Okkpirjtfke jeh
Hivilkpgiet
^^^ ^u`lfo^rfvjti ^jrteirsbfp
^PO ^ikplis Pipu`lfo kc Obfej
^XKJ ^kwir Xrjhi Kpirjtfed Jdriigiet
POI^ Pidfkejl Okgpribiesfvi Iokekgfo ^jrteirsbfp
POF Pidfkejl Okkpirjtfke jeh FetidrjtfkePFC Pidfkejl Fevistgiet Crjgiwkra
P^OO Pidfkejl ^kwir Okkrhfejtfke Oietir
_J _kutb Jsfj
_JJPO _kutb Jsfj Jsskofjtfke ckr Pidfkejl Okkpirjtfke
_JCI _iouri jeh Cjoflftjti Xrjhi
_J'_IJ _kutb Jsfj_kutb Ijst Jsfj
_J_IO _kutb Jsfj _u`ridfkejl Iokekgfo Okkpirjtfke
_IJ _kutbijst Jsfj
_IO _kutbire Iokekgfo Okrrfhkr
_I] _piofjl Iokekgfo ]kei
_^S _piofjl ^urpksi Sibfoli
_PX_ _JJPO Pidfkejl Gultfgkhjl Xrjespkrt _trjtidy
_tuhy
XJP Xrjes'Jsfje Pjflwjy
XIY Xwiety'Ckkt Iqufvjliet Oketjfeir Yefts
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J``rivfjtfkes jeh Jork
XXP Xrjesft Xrjespkrt Pkutis
YA Yeftih Afedhkg
YEI_OJ^ Yeftih Ejtfkes Iokekgfo jeh _kofjl Okggfssfke
ckr Jsfj jeh tbi ^jofcfoY_ Yeftih _tjtis
S^KJ Sfietfjei ^lje kc Jotfke
TXK Tkrlh Xrjhi Krdjefzjtfke
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: Orkss'_u`ridfkejl
Iokekgfo Xfis,@ieits, jeh Oksts
:%: Xrjhi Lfeas
Xbi drkwtb kc _kutb jeh _kutbijst Jsfje orkss'su`ridfkejl trjhi
kvir tfgi bjs `iie rigjraj`li, crkg viry lfttli "(8 `fllfke& fe :66>
tk j okesfhirj`li jgkuet "(23 `fllfke& fe 0>::, je feorijsi kc jlgkst
00 tfgis "Cfduri :&% @ktb su`ridfkes ig`rjoih kutwjrh'krfietih
rickrgs tk hiipie lfeas wftb tbi dlk`jl iokekgy kvir tbfs pirfkh%
Crkg 0>>> tk 0>::, icciotfvi jpplfih gjeucjoturfed tjrfccs cill crkg
:8) tk ::) fe _kutb Jsfj jeh ::) tk 4) fe _kutbijst Jsfj, gjafedtbi ljttir su`ridfke jrduj`ly tbi gkst kpie fe tbi hivilkpfed wkrlh
"Cfduri 0&% Xbfs lf`irjlfzjtfke bjs `iie je fgpkrtjet hrfvir `ibfeh tbi
fetirejtfkejlfzjtfke kc tbisi iokekgfis1 ckr ixjgpli, tbi ixpkrts tk
DH^ rjtfk kc J_IJE rksi tk 94) jeh tbjt kc Fehfj feorijsih tk :2) "JH@
0>:?j&% Orkss'su`ridfkejl trjhi drkwtb wjs ivie cjstir= _kutbijst
Jsfjs sbjri kc _kutb Jsfje trjhi rksi slfdbtly crkg ::) tk :0),
wbirijs _kutb Jsfjs sbjri kc _kutbijst Jsfje trjhi hku`lih crkg
j`kut 0) tk 8) "Cfduri ?&% Xbfs suddists tbjt wbfli orkss'su`ridfkejl
trjhi fs riljtfvily lkw okgpjrih tk trjhi wftb tbi rist kc tbi wkrlh ckr
`ktb su`ridfkes, ft bjs rfsie crkg `ifed cjfrly fesfdefcfojet tk `ifed
fgpkrtjet tk `ktb su`ridfkes, pjrtfouljrly _kutb Jsfj% Fe cjot, _kutb
jeh _kutbijst Jsfje trjhi fs 0%9 tfgis ljrdir tbje fetrj'_kutb Jsfje
trjhi "Xj`li :&% Fetrj'_kutbijst Jsfje trjhi fs guob bfdbir, jt j`kut
09) kc fts tktjl trjhi, `ut tbfs sbjri bjs `iie riljtfvily stijhy kvir
tbi pjst twk hiojhis%
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Ekti= Cfduris ripkrtih `y fgpkrtirs%
_kuroi= YE Okgtrjhi "bttp=++okgtrjhi%ue%krd+h`+Qjooissih Gjrob 0>:?W&%
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_kutbijst Jsfj wftb _kutb Jsfj Xktjl Xrjhi "Pipkrtih `y _kutb Jsfj Iokekgfis&
_kutb Jsfj wftb _kutbijst Jsfj Xktjl Xrjhi "Pipkrtih `y _kutbijst Jsfj Iokekgfis&
Cfduri := Xktjl Xrjhi itwiie _kutb jeh _kutbijst Jsfj, :66>0>:: "( `fllfke&
0
Okeeiotfed _kutb Jsfj jeh _kutbijst Jsfj= Fetirfg Pipkrt
Kei wjy tk djudi wbitbir orkss'su`ridfkejl trjhi fs
uehirpirckrgfed wkulh `i tk utflfzi je iokekgitrfo gkhil kc trjhi
hitirgfejtfke tbjt jllkws sipjrjtfke kc ridfkejl jeh eke'ridfkejlicciots% Xbi gkst pkpuljr gkhil fe fetirejtfkejl trjhi lftirjturi
usih ckr tbfs purpksi fs tbi drjvfty gkhil, wbfob pksfts `fljtirjl
trjhi clkws tk `i j cueotfke kc hfstjeoi'riljtih vjrfj`lis, iokekgfo
objrjotirfstfos kc tbi trjhfed iokekgfis, jeh jhhftfkejl ixpljejtkry
vjrfj`lis, feoluhfed `fejry cfxih'icciot "kr huggy& vjrfj`lis lfai
ridfkes% @y fskljtfed fecluieois `iykeh pktietfjl ridfkejl icciots, suob
je jpprkjob jllkws us tk hitirgfei wbitbir trjhfed wftb j ridfke
lijhs tk j pksftfvi kr eidjtfvi `fjs% Kei suob stuhy kc _kutb Jsfje
trjhi istfgjtis j stjtfstfojlly sfdefcfojet, pksftfvi _kutbijst Jsfje
icciot= kvir 0>>?0>>2, tbi jutbkrs istfgjti tbjt _kutb Jsfje trjhi
wftb J_IJE wjs 0%8 tfgis bfdbir tbje kei wkulh ixpiot, oketrkllfed
ckr jll ktbir vjrfj`lis "Jabtir jeh Dbjef 0>:>&%: Xbfs wkulh suddist
: Jabtir jeh Dbjef "0>:>, Xj`li 8& ekti tbjt tbi istfgjti okiccfofiet ke tbi J_IJE `fejry
vjrfj`li fs >%2261 tk fecir tbi jotujl trjhi `fjs, kei gust tjai tbi ixpkeiet kc >%226, wbfob fs
0%8?%
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Ekti= _J 7 _kutb Jsfj1 _IJ 7 _kutbijst Jsfj%
Okgputih usfed sfgpli jvirjdi%
_kuroi= XPJFE_ Hjtj`jsi "bttp=++www%ueotjh%fek+ie+Xrjhi'Jejlysfs'@rjeob+Hjtj'Jeh'_tjtfstfos+
XPJFE_TFX_+ Qjooissih Gjrob 0>:?W&%
_J'Tkrlh
_
J'_
IJ
_J'_
J
_IJ'Tkrlh
_
IJ'_
J
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J'_
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_
IJ'_
J
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J'_
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09
0>
:9
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9
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0>>> 0>::
Jdrfoulturi Gjeujoturi
Cfduri 0= _kutb jeh _kutbijst Jsfj Iciotfvily Jpplfih Xjrfcs,
0>>> jeh 0>:: ")&
::%:)::%0) ::%8) ::%?)
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Cfduri ?= _bjri k _kutb jeh _kutbijst Jsfj Orkss'_u`ridfkejl
Xrjhi tk Xbifr Xktjl Xrjhi, :66>0>::
Ekti= _J 7 _kutb Jsfj1 _IJ 7 _kutbijst Jsfj%
Cfduris ripkrtih `y fgpkrtirs% Vijr rjedis riir tk cejeofjl yijr `idfeefed fe Jprfl k tbi ijrlfir
yijr%
_kuroi= YE Okgtrjhi"bttp=++okgtrjhi%ue%krd+h`+ Qjooissih Gjrob 0>:?W&%
Orkss'_u`ridfkejl Iokekgfo Xfis, @ieits, jeh
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Xj`li := Sjlui k Girobjehfsi Xrjhi itwiie _kutb jeh _kutbijst Jsfj, :66>0>:: "( `fllfke&
Iokekgfis
Fgpkrts Xktjl Xrjhi
_kutb Jsfj _kutbijst Jsfj _kutb Jsfj _kutbijst Jsfj
:66>+>: 0>>>+>: 0>:>+:: :66>+>: 0>>>+>: 0>:>+:: :66>+>: 0>>>+>: 0>:>+:: :66>+>: 0>>>+>: 0>:>+::
_kutb Jsfj 429 0,423 :0,?9: 0,>2> 8,:02 08,:48 680 0,4:6 :3,6?? ?,9:0 :>,:08 98,346
Jdbjefstje :2 93 ?>: > 0 > 8: :3> 0,30? 44 :3 094
@jedljhisb 99 ::8 920 92 :90 0?8 800 :,>3> 8,>24 9?2 :,899 9,630
Fehfj 80> :,223 2,442 :,3:8 ?,846 00,36? 4: ?>8 :,8?: :,942 3,0?: ?6,???
Gjlhfvis 2 ?? 8: 00 6 8: :9 69 :3: :>? :4: 848
Eipjl 00 ?>6 9>6 9 6 9 36 :32 0,0?? 42 :?9 0:>
^jafstje :68 083 :,?6: ?>2 ?90 483 62 002 0,:6? 362 :,:?6 9,444
_rf Ljeaj 32 :80 482 4? :08 899 003 4>? 8,0>4 88> 642 0,333
_kutbijst Jsfj 0,926 2,093 8?,2?2 09,3:9 42,:2: 0?0,488 :,89? ?,968 ?>,:68 02,4:3 6:,>3> 049,?>9
@rueif Hjr% > > 894 ?6: 36? :,:20 : 8 883 342 446 :,648
Fehkeisfj 099 :,396 :?,>43 4>6 9,::4 ?2,463 :2? 93> 9,4:9 302 ?,80: 98,::3Gjljysfj 690 0,:?2 :>,4:? :>,29? 04,42? 3?,900 008 409 ?,694 2,289 06,?98 4>,>86
^bflfppfeis 03 62 829 3?8 3,:3: :?,60? 42 080 :,>82 :,??6 4,:>> :6,?23
_fedjpkri 6:: 0,692 :>,?4? 6,9>? 00,38: 96,3>6 3?8 :,>06 :0,4:9 ::,388 ?:,608 3:,806
Xbjfljeh 063 :,>:4 9,69> 0,69: :0,3>2 8>,8?6 ?>2 4:6 0,386 9,>>: ::,6?? ??,683
Ojg`khfj > : 6 09 :08 948 > :0 :>0 :: :,>46 9,8?4
Ljk ^HP > > 89 83 :36 :,>26 > 9 :: 4: 869 0,3:8
Gyjegjr 46 ?8: :,03: 093 483 ?,844 9 99 ?48 ?96 :,:90 8,836
Sfit Ejg 4> 8? :,84> 082 0,:?4 :>,:?8 00 08? ?,:43 :8> ?,20? 0:,229
Xktjl ?,?48 ::,>80 93,:26 04,368 20,?>6 093,6:2 0,?63 3,?:? 84,:04 ?0,002 :>:,:29 ?06,628
Ekti= Cfduris ripkrtir `y fgpkrtirs% Vijr rjedis riir tk cejeofjl yijr `idfeefed fe Jprfl k tbi ijrlfir yijr%
_kuroi= YE Okgtrjhi Hjtj`jsi "bttp=++okgtrjhi%ue%krd+h + Qjooissih Gjrob 0>:?W&%
8
Okeeiotfed _kutb Jsfj jeh _kutbijst Jsfj= Fetirfg Pipkrt
tbjt tbi fgprissfvi rfsi fe orkss'su`ridfkejl trjhi bjs skgi J_IJE'
spiofcfo uehirpfeefeds% Bkwivir, tbfs icciot fs liss fgprissfvi wbie
okgpjrih wftb ktbir stuhfis igplkyfed drjvfty gkhils tk ojpturi
ridfkejl icciots% Ckr ixjgpli, fe j okgpribiesfvi stuhy kc trjhfed
`lkos tbrkudbkut tbi wkrlh, Crjeail ":664& istfgjtis tbjt J_IJE bjh
jlgkst tbrii tfgis js ljrdi je icciot ke fetrj'J_IJE trjhi clkws%0
_upply Objfes jeh Pidfkejl rkhuotfke Eitwkras
Js ektih j`kvi, fetrj'ridfkejl trjhi fs guob drijtir fe _kutbijst
Jsfj tbje fe _kutb Jsfj% Fehiih, tbi drjvfty gkhil usih `y Jabtir jeh
Dbjef "0>:>& ckueh j eidjtfvi `fjs fe fetrj'_kutb Jsfje trjhi, wbirijs
0 Xbi istfgjtih okiccfofiet wjs :%639 Qixp ":%63974%:?&%
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Orkss'_u`ridfkejl Iokekgfo Xfis, @ieits, jeh
gjey stuhfis bjvi ckueh j strked, pksftfvi fetrj'J_IJE icciot% Tbfli
tbiri jri gjey rijskes ckr tbfs jsyggitrfo ridfkejl pirckrgjeoi
feoluhfed tbi hidrii kc ridfkejl iokekgfo okkpirjtfketbi
prkgfeieoi kc ridfkejl prkhuotfke eitwkras fe _kutbijst Jsfje trjhifs j aiy cjotkr, wbirijs tbisi eitwkras jri cjr liss fgpkrtjet fe _kutb
Jsfj%
^rkhuotfke eitwkras ricir tk tbi `rijafed up kc prkhuotfke
prkoissis fetk crjdgietih sidgiets tbjt oje i ojrrfih kut fe hfcciriet
orkss'`krhir lkojtfkes jeh ivietujlly okkrhfejtih ckr jssig`ly fetk
cfejl prkhuots% _kutbijst Jsfj bjs `iie pjrtfouljrly suooisscul fe
jttrjotfed ridfkejl prkhuotfke eitwkras `iojusi kc fts hfccirieois fe
wjdi jeh lj`kr prkhuotfvfty livils jorkss okuetrfis1 ridfkejl trjhi
jeh fevistgiet lf`irjlfzjtfke tbrkudb suob feftfjtfvis js tbi J_IJE
Crii Xrjhi Jrij "JCXJ&, tbi J_IJE Okgpribiesfvi Fevistgiet Jrij
"JOFJ&, jeh tbi J_IJE Iokekgfo Okgguefty "JIO&1 jeh feorijsfedly
strked fetrj'ridfkejl jeh fetirejtfkejl lfeas tbjt risult fe lkwir
prkhuotfke jeh lkdfstfos oksts%? ^rkhuotfke eitwkras bjvi pljyih
j sfdefcfojet rkli fe fecluieofed trjhi `y rilkojtfed lj`kr'fetiesfvi
sidgiets tk lkw wjdi iokekgfis, risultfed fe rjpfhly drkwfed fetrj'
fehustry trjhi fe pjrts jeh okgpkeiets% ^rkhuotfke eitwkras gjai
usi kc ijob iokekgys jhvjetjdis tk `kkst prkhuotfvfty jeh out oksts,
wbfli `klstirfed fevistgiet jeh tiobeklkdfojl trjescir% Xbiy bjvi jlsk
pirgfttih lkw feokgi okuetrfis tk plud fetk tbi dlk`jl iokekgy fewjys tbjt wkulh bjvi `iie fgpkssf`li twk hiojhis jdk%
_kutb Jsfj fs liss fetidrjtih fetk prkhuotfke eitwkras tbje fs
_kutbijst Jsfj% Js sbkwe fe Cfduri 8, _kutbijst Jsfj bklhs je 2)
sbjri kc dlk`jl prkhuotfke eitwkra ixpkrtsqufti fgprissfvi js tbi
dlk`jl tktjl feoluhis fetrj'ridfkejl eitwkras fe tbi Iurkpije Yefke
"IY&, tbi Ekrtb Jgirfoje Crii Xrjhi Jdriigiet "EJCXJ&, js will js
tbi ^ikplis Pipu`lfo kc Obfej "^PO&jeh jlgkst twk'tbfrhs fts dlk`jl
gjeucjoturih ixpkrts jri pjrt kc tbisi eitwkras "Cfduri 9&, wbirijs
tbi okrrispkehfed cfduris ckr _kutb Jsfj jri drkwfed `ut oketfeui tk
`i sgjll jt kely >%>9) jeh :3), rispiotfvily% Dfvie tbi sjlutjry ieicfts
kc tbisi prkhuotfke eitwkras ckr drkwtb jeh pkvirty rihuotfke, tbfs
fs olijrly kei jrij fe wbfob _kutb Jsfj oje fgprkvi1 olksir lfeas wftb
_kutbijst Jsfj wkulh cjoflftjti tbfs%
? ^luggir jeh Obfj "0>>6& jeh Jtbuakrjlj "0>:>&%
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>%0)>%:) >%0)>%8) >%9)
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Cfduri 8= _bjri k _kutb jeh _kutbijst Jsfj fe Tkrlh Xktjl
^rkhuotfke Eitwkra Ixpkrts, :6600>::
Ektis= :% Cfduris ripkrtih y fgpkrtirs%
0% _kutb Jsfj riirs tk Fehfj jeh ^jafstje%
?% _kutbijst Jsfj riirs tk Fehkeisfj, Gjljysfj, bflfppfeis, _fedjpkri, Xbjfljeh jeh Sfit
Ejg%
8% Vijr rjedis riir tk cejeofjl yijr `idfeefed fe Jprfl k tbi ijrlfir yijr%
_kuroi= Jutbkrs okgputjtfkes usfed YE Okgtrjhi hjtj "bttp=++okgtrjhi%ue%krd+h + Qjooissih
Gjrob 0>:?W& `jsih ke gitbkhklkdy jhjptih rkg Jtbuakrjlj "0>:>&%
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:663+64 0>>>+>:0>>4+>2 0>:>+::
_kutb Jsfj
2%6)9%8)
2%2):?%4)
:3%3)
34%8)
94%9)
33%8)3?%0)
3:%:)
_kutbijst Jsfj
Cfduri 9= _kutb jeh _kutbijst Jsfjs rkhuotfke Eitwkra
Ixpkrts _bjri fe Ijob _u`ridfkes Xktjl Gjeujoturfed
Ixpkrts, :6600>::
Ektis= :% Cfduris ripkrtih y fgpkrtirs%
0% _kutb Jsfj riirs tk Fehfj jeh ^jafstje%
?% _kutbijst Jsfj riirs tk Fehkeisfj, Gjljysfj, ^bflfppfeis, _fedjpkri, Xbjfljehjeh Sfit Ejg%
8% Vijr rjedis riir tk cejeofjl yijr `idfeefed fe Jprfl k tbi ijrlfir yijr%
_kuroi= Jutbkrs okgputjtfkes usfed YE Okgtrjhi hjtj "bttp=++okgtrjhi%ue%krd+h + Qjooissih
Gjrob 0>:?W& `jsih ke gitbkhklkdy jhjptih rkg Jtbuakrjlj "0>:>&%
3
Okeeiotfed _kutb Jsfj jeh _kutbijst Jsfj= Fetirfg Pipkrt
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Orkss'_u`ridfkejl Iokekgfo Xfis, @ieits, jeh
:%0 Fevistgiet Lfeas
CHF bjs `iie je fgpkrtjet pjrt kc tbi suooisscul hivilkpgietixpirfieoi fe _kutbijst Jsfj% Feclkws kc CHF `rfed fe stj`li eiw
ojpftjl clkws, ckrifde ixobjedi, ijsy jooiss tk ckrifde gjraits, jeh
tiobeklkdy trjescir% Xbiy jlsk tieh tk striedtbie festftutfkes wftbfe
hivilkpfed okuetrfis, feoluhfed fe tbi cfejeofjl siotkr, jeh orijti j
gkri stj`li ievfrkegiet kc pklfoy okgpitftfke ckr gkri `usfeiss'
crfiehly pklfofis%8 Fe hkfed sk, tbiy istj`lfsb je jttrjotfvi `usfeiss
ievfrkegiet wftbfe wbfob gultfejtfkejls oje ijsfly prkcft crkg
j virtfojl hfvfsfke kc lj`kr jeh cjoflftjti tbi igirdieoi kc ridfkejl
prkhuotfke objfes%
Xrjhftfkejlly, CHF clkws bjvi `iie Ekrtb_kutb, `ut _kutb_kutb
CHF bjs `iokgi feorijsfedly prkgfeiet% _feoi 0>>3, driiecfilh CHF
crkg _kutb Jsfjpjrtfouljrly Fehfjtk _kutbijst Jsfj bjs `iie
drijtir tbje _kutbijst Jsfje CHF fe _kutb Jsfj "Cfduri 3&, `ut fe `ktb
ojsis tbi jddridjti clkws jri riljtfvily sgjll= _kutbijst Jsfj kely
jookuetih ckr :8) kc tktjl _kutb Jsfje CHF kutclkws hurfed 0>>6
0>:0, jeh _kutb Jsfj kely rioifvih 3) kc _kutbijst Jsfje CHF% Fe `ktb
ojsis, tbisi sbjris jri hkwe crkg tbksi fe 0>>30>>2 "Cfduri 4&%
8 _ii, ckr ixjgpli, ^rjsjh, Aksi, Pkdkcc, jeh Tif "0>>3&%
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0>
:2
:3
:8
:0
:>
2
3
8
0
>
0>>
:2>
:3>
:8>
:0>
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2>
3>
8>
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>
_J tk _IJ "Fevistgiet Jgkuet& _IJ tk _J "Fevistgiet Jgkuet&
_J tk _IJ "/ rkmiots& _IJ tk _J "/ rkmiots&
0>>?>9 0>>6:0-0>>3>2
FevistgietJgkuet"Y_(,
Ge&
Eug`irkc^rkmiots
Cfduri 3= _kutb jeh _kutbijst Jsfj Orkss'_u`ridfkejl
Driieilh Ckrifde Hfriot Fevistgiet, 0>>?0>:0
Ekti= _J 7 _kutb Jsfj1 _IJ 7 _kutbijst Jsfj%
- 0>:0 cduris up tk Ekvig`ir 0>:0%
_kuroi= Hf Gjraits hjtj`jsi "bttp=++www%hfgjraits%okg+ Qjooissih Gjrob 0>:?W&%
0>
:2
:3
:8
:0
:>
2
3
8
0
>
_J tk _IJ "Fevistgiet Jgkuet& _IJ tk _J "Fevistgiet Jgkuet&
_J tk _IJ "/ rkmiots& _IJ tk _J "/ rkmiots&
0>>?>9 0>>6:0-0>>3>2
_bjrikcCHFtkTkrlh
)
Cfduri 4= _bjri k _kutb jeh _kutbijst Jsfj Orkss'
_u`ridfkejl tk Xktjl Driieilh Ckrifde Hfriot Fevistgiet,
0>>?0>:0
Ekti= _J 7 _kutb Jsfj1 _IJ 7 _kutbijst Jsfj%
- 0>:0 cduris up tk Ekvig`ir 0>:0%
_kuroi= Hf Gjraits hjtj`jsi "bttp=++www%hfgjraits%okg+ Qjooissih Gjrob 0>:?W&%
2
Okeeiotfed _kutb Jsfj jeh _kutbijst Jsfj= Fetirfg Pipkrt
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Orkss'_u`ridfkejl Iokekgfo Xfis, @ieits, jeh
:%? @ieits jeh Oksts kc Olksir
FetidrjtfkeJ cuehjgietjl fesfdbt kc iokekgfos fs tbjt fetirejtfkejl trjhi
tiehs tk fgprkvi je iokekgys jddridjti feokgi% Jookrhfed tk tbi
Tkrlh @jea, fe tbi :66>s pir ojpftj rijl feokgi driw gkri tbje tbrii
tfgis cjstir ckr hivilkpfed okuetrfis tbjt lkwirih trjhi `jrrfirs "9%>)
pir yijr& tbje ckr ktbir hivilkpfed okuetrfis ":%8) pir yijr& "js oftih
fe KIOH "0>:>&&%Xbfs risult ckllkws fe ljrdi pjrt crkg tbi rijllkojtfke
kc cjotkrs kc prkhuotfke crkg liss tk gkri iccfofiet jotfvftfis jlked tbi
lfeis kc j okuetrys okgpjrjtfvi jhvjetjdi%
Gkrikvir, igpfrfojl stuhfis uehirsokri tbi fgpkrtjeoi kc
fevistgiets fe pu`lfo fecrjstruoturipbysfojl jeh festftutfkejltbjt
oje suppkrt tbi sbfct fetk eiw jrijs kc iokekgfo jotfvfty okesfstiet
wftb je iokekgys ivklvfed cjotkr iehkwgiets jeh cjotkr prfois, js
will js okgpligietjry pklfofis suob js trjhi cjoflftjtfke jeh trjhi
cfejeoi% Ti hfsouss tbisi fssuis jt liedtb `ilkw%
Pidfkejl "orkss'`krhir& fecrjstruoturi fs pjrtfouljrly fgpkrtjet tk
Jsfjs iokekgfo hivilkpgiet% Ft oje hilfvir tbi ckllkwfed `ieicfts=
fgprkvi ridfkejl okeeiotfvfty y gjafed ft cjstir, obijpir, jeh ijsfir
ckr pikpli jeh dkkhs tk gkvi jorkss `krhirs wftbfe tbi ridfke1 rihuoi tbi okst kc ridfkejl "jeh dlk`jl& trjhi, iebjeoi tbi
okgpitftfvieiss kc ridfkejl prkhuotfke eitwkras, prkgkti drijtir
fevistgiet jeh cjoflftjti tbi gkvigiet jeh ixtiesfke kc prkhuotfke
eitwkras tk tbi twk su`ridfkes1
bilp rihuoi pkvirty `y fgprkvfed pkkr pikplis jooiss tk iokekgfo
kppkrtueftfis, lkwirfed tbi okst kc tbi dkkhs jeh sirvfois tbiy
okesugi, jeh prkvfhfed `ittir jooiss tk issietfjl fecrjstruoturi
sirvfois1
bilp ejrrkw tbi hivilkpgiet djp jgked Jsfje iokekgfis y prkvfhfed
pkkr, ljehlkoaih, jeh rigkti okuetrfis jeh jrijs wftb `ittir jooiss
tk ridfkejl "jeh dlk`jl& gjraits jeh prkhuotfke eitwkras, tbiri`y
stfguljtfed fevistgiet, trjhi, jeh iokekgfo drkwtb fe tbksi jrijs,
js will js rihuofed ridfkejl okeclfot1
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:>
Okeeiotfed _kutb Jsfj jeh _kutbijst Jsfj= Fetirfg Pipkrt
prkgkti gkri iccfofiet usi kc ridfkejl riskurois, `y hivilkpfed
ridfkejl prkmiots tbjt prkvfhi jooiss tk lkwir'okst jeh olijeir
ieirdy skurois suob js djs jeh byhrkpkwir1
iesuri feolusfvi jeh ievfrkegietjlly sustjfej`li iokekgfo drkwtb`y okeeiotfed fskljtih jeh ljehlkoaih jrijs tk iokekgfo oietirs `y
utflfzfed driieir tiobeklkdfis jeh prkvfhfed kppkrtueftfis ckr lkw'
feokgi pkpuljtfkes1 jeh
bilp orijti j sfedli Jsfje gjrait, kei tbjt oje iediehir ljrdi
iccfofieoy djfes, feorijsi ridfkejl higjeh, jeh fevist Jsfjs sjvfeds
gkri prkhuotfvily fe tbi ridfke "JH@ jeh JH@F 0>>6&%
Cfejeofjl fetidrjtfke oje jlsk prkvfhi su`stjetfjl `ieicfts `y
rihuofed cuehfed oksts jeh ixpjehfed jvjflj`li riskurois tk cueh
eiihih fevistgiet suob js fecrjstruoturi prkmiots% Xbfs fs pjrtfouljrly
fgpkrtjet ckr okuetrfis wftb liss hivilkpih cfejeofjl gjraits jeh
festftutfkes% _tj`li jeh iccfofiet ridfkejl cfejeofjl gjraits oje bilp
objeeil sjvfeds crkg jrkueh Jsfj jeh tbi rist kc tbi wkrlh fetk
prkhuotfvi fevistgiets tbrkudbkut tbi ridfke
Guob oje `i hkei fe _kutb jeh _kutbijst Jsfj tk rihuoi
fgpihfgiets tk orkss'su`ridfkejl trjhi jeh fevistgiet jeh tk
fgprkvi dlk`jl okgpitftfvieiss% Ti fhietfcy jeh jejlyzi gijsuris
tbjt okulh `i prkguldjtih `y _kutb jeh _kutbijst Jsfj tk jookgplfsb
tbfstbrkudb skct pklfofis crkg trjhi cjoflftjtfke tk ridfkejl trjhfed
jdriigiets jeh bjrh pklfofis suob js fevistgiet fe fecrjstruoturi%Bkwivir, fetidrjtfke `rkudbt j`kut `y drijtir ridfkejl
okeeiotfvfty oje bjvi oksts js will% Xbi fgplfih struoturjl objedis
crkg trjhi jhmustgiets jrfsfed crkg feorijsih okgpitftfke gjy i cjr
crkg sfgpli% Ckr ixjgpli, tbiy okulh lijh tk su`stjetfjl rijllkojtfke
kc feokgi `ktb jorkss okuetrfis jeh jgked ridfkes kc j sfedli
okuetry, jeh tbi tigpkrjry ueigplkygiet kc riskurois% Feorijsih
trjhi oje jlsk bjvi eidjtfvi fgpjots, feoluhfed skofkiokekgfo
spfllkvirs kc ridfkejl fecrjstruoturi prkmiotssuob js ievfrkegietjl
hjgjdi, hfspljoih pikpli, trjccfo joofhiets, jeh bugje jeh hrud
trjccfoafedtbjt out jorkss ejtfkejl krhirs% Xrjhi'fehuoih struoturjl
objedi cjoflftjtis iokekgfo rieiwjl jeh drkwtb, `ut ft eiihs tk `i
jookgpjefih `y iokekgfo pklfofis tk ixpihfti jhmustgiet js will js
prktiot tbi gkst vuleirj`li% Xbfs gjy feoluhi trjescir giobjefsgs tk
okgpiesjti lksirs kr tk sprijh `ieicfts kc eiw orkss'`krhir prkmiots
gkri iquftj`ly fe krhir tk orijti wfewfe sftujtfkes%
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Orkss'_u`ridfkejl Iokekgfo Xfis, @ieits, jeh
Cfejeofjl fetidrjtfke oje jlsk iediehir oksts js j risult kc tbi
feorijsih ixpksuri kc iokekgfis wftb fggjturi cfejeofjl systigs tk
ixtirejl cfejeofjl sbkoas, ispiofjlly suhhie stkps "rjpfh jeh ljrdi'
sojli ojpftjl kutclkws& tbjt oje sivirily jcciot tbi rijl iokekgy% Xbus,cfejeofjl hivilkpgiet jeh fetidrjtfke gust `i siquieoih prkpirly
jeh okkrhfejtih wftb fgprkvih ejtfkejl jeh ridfkejl cfejeofjl
surviflljeoi jeh riduljtkry festftutfkes%
Ijrlfir stuhfis kc `ieits jeh oksts kc orkss'su`ridfkejl
fetidrjtfke
_tuhfis kc ieicfts jeh oksts kc drijtir okeeiotfvfty itwiie _kutb
jeh _kutbijst Jsfj sk cjr bjvi gjfely ckousih ke okeeiotfvfty itwiie
Fehfj jeh J_IJE uehir tbi juspfois kc tbi Ijst Jsfje _uggft%9 Js
pjrt kc tbi wkra riljtih tk tbi Okgpribiesfvi Jsfj Hivilkpgiet
^lje "OJH^& "IPFJ 0>:>& pripjrih `y tbi Iokekgfo Pisijrob Festftuti
ckr J_IJE jeh Ijst Jsfj "IPFJ& ckr tbi Ijst Jsfje _uggft, Augjdjf
jeh Fskek "0>::& usih tbi FHI+IPFJ Dikdrjpbfojl _fguljtfke Gkhil,
j hitjflih ridfkejl gkhil, tk istfgjti fgpjots ke tbi ouguljtfvi
feorijsi kc DH^ kc okuetrfis fe tbi twk su`ridfkes crkg 0>:> tk
0>?> riljtfvi tk tbi `jsi ojsi ckr j eug`ir kc okeeiotfvfty prkmiots,
feoluhfed tbi Giaked'Fehfj Iokekgfo Okrrfhkr "GFIO&, tbi Ayjuapbyu
hiip sijpkrt fe Gyjegjr, jeh tbi Fehfj'Gyjegjr'Xbjfljeh Xrfljtirjl
Bfdbwjy "FGXXB&% Ckr tbi GFIO, tbiy ckueh ouguljtfvi fgpjots kvir9) ckr Ojg`khfj, Gyjegjr, Xbjfljeh jeh Sfit Ejg, jeh kvir 0%9) ckr
Fehfj% _ii @kx : ckr gkri hitjfls ke Gyjegjr%
Pidjrhfed trjhi fetidrjtfke, je ijrlfir stuhy usfed j slfdbtly
hfcciriet ridfkejl ueft kc jejlysfs "J_IJE!? jeh _kutb Jsfj& istfgjtih
ljrdi djfes "j`kut (03> `fllfke, kr 0) kc drkss hkgistfo prkhuot QDH^W&
crkg je Ijst jeh _kutb Jsfje crii trjhi jrij, uehir okesirvjtfvi
jssugptfkes "Crjekfs, Pjej, jeh Tfdejrjmj 0>>6= 02 QXj`li :%3W&%
Okuetrfis k`tjfefed riljtfvily ljrdi pksftfvi feokgi fgpjots "kvir 0)&
feoluhih Akrij, Fehkeisfj, Gjljysfj, ^bflfppfeis, _fedjpkri, Xbjfljeh,
Sfit Ejg, Fehfj jeh _rf Ljeaj%
9 Gig`irs feoluhi tbi :0 J_IJE okuetrfis, Justrjlfj, ^PO, Fehfj, Mjpje, Eiw ]ijljeh jeh
tbi Pipu`lfo kc Akrij%
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@kx := Gyjegjrs Pkli js j @rfhdi
Gyjegjr oje pljy j oruofjl jeh strjtidfo rkli fe okeeiotfed
_kutb jeh _kutbijst Jsfj, js ft prkvfhis tbi kely ljeh
`rfhdi `itwiie tbi twk su`ridfkes% Ft sbjris j tktjl kc
9,292 aflkgitirs "ag& kc fetirejtfkejl `krhirs wftb cfvi ejtfkes@jedljhisb, tbi ^ikplis Pipu`lfo kc Obfej "^PO&, Fehfj, tbi Ljk
^ikplis Higkorjtfo Pipu`lfo "Ljk ^HP&, jeh Xbjfljeh% Gkrikvir, fts
okjstlfei stritobis 0,2>> ag crkg tbi @jy kc @iedjl tk tbi Jehjgje
_ij, eijr gjmkr Fehfje Koije sbfppfed ljeis% Xbirickri, tbi rioiet
kpiefed up kc Gyjegjr prkvfhis su`stjetfjl eiw kppkrtueftfis tk
striedtbie okeeiotfvfty `itwiie tbi twk su`ridfkes%
Gyjegjr bjs j tktjl ljeh jrij kc 343,944 squjri ag, tbi ljrdist
fe _kutbijst Jsfj jctir Fehkeisfj% Js kc 0>::, ft bjs j pkpuljtfke kc
3>,?28,>>> wftb jeeujl pkpuljtfke drkwtb kc :)% Gyjegjr fs iehkwih wftb
rfob ejturjl riskurois, feoluhfed pitrkliug, tfg`ir, tfe, jetfgkey, zfeo,
okppir, tuedstie, lijh, okjl, gjr`li, lfgistkei, priofkus stkeis, ejturjl
djs, jeh byhrkpkwir% Fe 0>::, ejturjl djs, wkkh prkhuots, pulsis, `ijes,
cfsb, rfoi, olktbfed, mjhi, jeh digs wiri fts ljrdist ixpkrt okggkhftfis% Fts
tkp ixpkrt histfejtfkes fe 0>:: wiri tbi ^PO, Fehfj jeh Xbjfljeh, wbfli
fts tkp fgpkrt skurois wiri tbi ^PO, _fedjpkri jeh Xbjfljeh "Jsskofjtfke
kc _kutbijst Jsfje Ejtfkes QJ_IJEW 0>:0&%"Oketfeuih&
:0
Okeeiotfed _kutb Jsfj jeh _kutbijst Jsfj= Fetirfg Pipkrt
:%8 _uggjry= Xriehs jri ^ksftfvi
jeh Guob ^ktietfjl PigjfesYeixplkftih
Xbi pjttires kc orkss'su`ridfkejl trjhi jeh fevistgiet hisorf`ih
biri sbkw tbjt iokekgfo fetirjotfke `itwiie tbi twk su`ridfkes fs
ke tbi rfsi, `ut tbi _kutb jeh _kutbijst Jsfje iokekgfo pjrteirsbfp
oketfeuis tk `i sgjll riljtfvi tk tbifr riljtfkesbfps wftb tbi rist kc
tbi wkrlh "jeh, ckr _kutbijst Jsfj, riljtfvi tk fts kwe fetrj'ridfkejl
iokekgfo fetidrjtfke&% Guob gkri oje `i jookgplfsbih vfj ridfkejl
okkpirjtfke% @ilkw, wi wfll hisorf`i fe gkri hitjfl tbi iokekgfo
pktietfjl kc olksir iokekgfo fetidrjtfke, ckllkwih `y jejlysfs js tk
bkw ft oje "jeh sbkulh& `i hkei%
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Hispfti fts ejturjl riskuroi iehkwgiets, Gyjegjr rigjfes kei kc tbi pkkrist okuetrfis fe Jsfj, ricliotf
fts lidjoy kc fewjrh'krfietih iokekgfo pklfofis sfeoi :630 uetfl rioietly% Ft bjs tbi lkwist DH^ pir ojpf
jgked J_IJE gig`irs, jt (249 fe 0>::, `jsih ke ourriet prfois% Xktjl trjhi fs (:8,609,:>>, wftb ixpkr
jgkuetfed tk (2,::6,0>>% Xbi trjhi tk DH^ rjtfk wjs 02%0) fe 0>::, tbi lkwist fe J_IJE, jeh tbi rjtfk ixpkrts tk DH^ wjs :9%8) "J_IJE 0>:0&%
Ckrifde hfriot fevistgiet "CHF& feclkws tk Gyjegjr jri jgked tbi lkwist fe J_IJE, jt (89> gfllfke
0>::% Gkrikvir, Gyjegjr stfll rjeas lkw fe tirgs kc vjrfkus fecrjstruoturi jeh okeeiotfvfty fehfojtkrs "s
Xj`li J:&% Fetireit su`sorfptfkes jri stfll viry lkw jt :> pir :,>>> pkpuljtfke jeh oilluljr pbkei hiesf
fs jlsk lkw jt 03 pir :,>>> pkpuljtfke% Ekeitbiliss, Gyjegjr sbkws okgpitftfvieiss fe fts trjespkrtjtf
fecrjstruoturi% Fts rkjhs jeh pjvih eitwkra jri guob lkedir tbje tbksi kc Ojg`khfj jeh tbi Ljk HP jeh iv
tbi gfhhli'feokgi ^bflfppfeis jeh Xbjfljeh% Pjfl pjssiedir trjccfo fs jlsk okesfhirj`li, jltbkudb jfr trjccfo
stfll viry lfgftih% Bkwivir, orkss'`krhir rkjh okeeiotfvfty fs pkkr, jeh tbiri fs ek orkss'`krhir okeeiotfvfty
jll ckr rjflwjys% Xbi Yeftih Ejtfkes Iokekgfo jeh _kofjl Okggfssfke ckr Jsfj jeh tbi ^jofcfo "YEI_OJ^& b
fhietfcfih j`kut :,>3? ag kc gfssfed lfeas fe Gyjegjr ckr tbi Jsfje Bfdbwjys : jeh 0 "YEI_OJ^ 0>:>&%
Lfai gjey hivilkpfed iokekgfis, Gyjegjr fs ixpirfieofed ixtiesfvi struoturjl trjesckrgjtfke% Fe 0>:
tbi sirvfoi siotkr sbjri fe tbi DH^ wjs 8:%2)bfdbir tbje tbjt kc tbi jdrfoulturi siotkr sbjri "?2%2)&, wbf
bjs `iie cjllfed stijhfly kvir tbi pjst hiojhi, jeh tbjt kc tbi fehustry siotkr sbjri ":6%?)&% Yehir ^risfhi
Y Xbife _ife, bfs jhgfefstrjtfke bjs uehirtjaie swiipfed pklftfojl jeh iokekgfo rickrgs suob js lfctf
gihfj oieskrsbfp, rilijsfed pklftfojl prfskeirs, jeh jhkptfed gjrait'krfietih rickrgs ckousfed ke tbi ri
jeh cfejeofjl siotkrs jeh fgprkvfed tbi `usfeiss olfgjti ckr ckrifde fevistgiet "Fetirejtfkejl Gkeitjry Cu
QFGCW 0>:?&% Xbi dkviregiet jlsk ig`jraih ke oijsicfri jdriigiets jeh pijoi tjlas wftb ri`il itbefo drkup
Gyjegjrs fetirejtfkejl riljtfkes jlsk fgprkvih uehir tbi eiw risfhiets lijhirsbfp, js sbkwe y Gyjegj
kpieeiss tk hfjlkdui wftb tbi Yeftih _tjtis "Y_& jeh fts jppkfetgiet js J_IJE objfr fe 0>:8%
Xj`li J:= Gyjegjr Okgpjrfske Fehfojtkrs
_iliot Fevistgiet, Ferjstruoturi, jeh Okeeiotfvfty fehfojtkrs fe Gyjegjr jeh ktbir J_IJE Gig`irs, 0>::
Okuetry
Xktjl CHF
Feckws
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pir :>>>
^irskes
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pbkei
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:>>> ^irskes
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^jvih
Eitwkra
"ag&
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pir :>>>
^kpuljtfke
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Jfr jssied
Xrjo ">>>
Gyjegjr 89> '3%9? 2:3 ?%: :> 03 :9>,2>> ??,>:8 ?6 33,6>> :,8
Ktbir Jsije Okuetrfis
@rueif
Hjrussjljrg:,0>2 6?%0 080 :? 93> :,>60 ?,:04 0,22? ?2 E+J 0,>
Ojg`khfj 260 :8 0,220 :8%6 ?: 366 88,6>> ?,22: :4 ?,8
lehkeisfj :6,080 ?6%4 4,39> 6%0 :2> 644 843,?>> ?:?,9>> 063 :98,296 4,0
Ljk HP ?>: 6%3 0,408 2%8 6> 240 8:,>?> 9,4>? :4: E+J ?
Gjljysfj :0,>>: ?:%: 08,4:8 >%3 3:> :,04> :94,:34 :04,9:4 340 ?6,>>> ?>,8
_fedjpkri 3?,664 ?:%? :?,:4: :?%0 49> :,869 ?,8:0 ?,8:0 :29 0,8:> 83,9
Xbjfljeh 4,442 ':8%3 :6,>62 :6%2 0?4 :,:?0 ::8,8?4 :>2,:92 8?0 88,>>> ?6,6
^bflfppfeis :,030 '0%2 ?,6:4 ::%? 06> 60> ?:,?96 08,2?8 48 ?69,9>> :0,6
Sfit Ejg 4,8?> '4%: 3,>:8 :6%: ?9: :,8?8 ?>:,>>> :62,>>> :4 ::,6>> ::,2
_kuroi= J_IJE "0>:0&%"Oketfeu
Orkss'_u`ridfkejl Iokekgfo Xfis, @ieits, jeh
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Fe 0>:0, tbi dkviregiet hrjctih fts Crjgiwkra ckr Iokekgfo jeh
_kofjl Pickrgs% Xbi hkougiet sit kut j bfdbly jg`ftfkus prkdrjg1
ft fhietfcfis tbi pklfoy jdiehj jeh prfkrftfis kc tbi Dkviregiet kc
Gyjegjr crkg 0>:0 tk 0>:9, wbfli jfgfed ckr tbi lkedir tirg dkjlkc fhietfcyfed pjrjgitirs jeh prkoissis tk hivilkp Gyjegjr fetk
j gkhire, hivilkpih jeh higkorjtfo ejtfke `y 0>?> "Dkviregiet
kc Gyjegjr 0>:0=:&% Xbi rickrg gijsuris feoluhi gjorkiokekgfo
pklfofis tk prkgkti feolusfvi drkwtb, stj`flfty, jeh pkvirty rihuotfke1
siotkrjl rickrgs tk hivilkp fehustry1 ktbir pklfofis tk prkgkti
skofjl, oulturjl, jeh ievfrkegietjl jspiots kc hivilkpgiet, js will js
skofjl bjrgkey jeh ridfkejl hivilkpgiet1 dkvirejeoi rickrgs1 jeh
strjtidfis tk fgprkvi tbi fetirejtfkejl riputjtfke kc Gyjegjr tbrkudb
fts iedjdigiet wftb J_IJE, tbi DG_, jeh tbi rist kc tbi wkrlh%
Xbi hkougiet fhietfcfis spiofcfo pljes ckr rickrgs fe dkviregiet
cfejeoi jeh tjxjtfke, gkeitjry jeh cfejeofjl siotkr pklfofis, trjhi
jeh fevistgiet lf`irjlfzjtfke prkdrjgs, ihuojtfke, dkvirejeoi jeh
trjespjrieoy, fgprkvigiets fe tiliokgguefojtfkes, hivilkpgiet kc
fecrjstruoturi, jeh fgprkvih dkviregiet iccfofieoy%
Xbi dkviregiet fs ig`jrafed ke prkdrjgs tk rjfsi jdrfoulturjl
prkhuotfvfty jeh ieokurjdi hivilkpgiet kc gjeucjoturfed, ieirdy,
jeh gfefed% Ft fs jlsk pursufed prfkrfty fecrjstruoturi prkmiots tbjt
wfll suppkrt updrjhfed kc tbi jdrfoulturi jeh fehustry siotkrs jeh
iebjeoi tbi okuetrys okeeiotfvfty tk tbi ridfke% Gjmkr rickrgs `ifed
fgpligietih feoluhi ljeh rickrg prkdrjgs tk drjet tftlis tk cjrgirs,
fgprkvfed jooiss tk cfejeofed, jeh hivilkpgiet kc rurjl fecrjstruoturi%
Xbi dkviregiet jlsk rivfsih tbi ljw dkvirefed CHF tk rihuoi ristrfotfkes
ke ckrifde fevistgiet, jeh curtbir pljes tk fgprkvi tbi _piofjl
Iokekgfo ]kei Ljw, 0>::, tk rihuoi ristrfotfvi pklfofis ke hkgistfo
cfrgs "FGC 0>:?&% Xbi dkviregiet fs jlsk hivilkpfed j okgpribiesfvi
tkurfsg strjtidy tbjt wfll fgprkvi tkurfsg fecrjstruoturi jeh suppkrt
sustjfej`li tkurfsg fe tbi okuetry%
Picirieois
J_IJE _ioritjrfjt% 0>:0% J_IJE _tjtfstfos Lijclit 0>:0% Mjajrtj, Fehkeisfj= J_IJE
_ioritjrfjt% bttp=++www%jsije%krd+riskurois+pu`lfojtfkes+jsije'pu`lfojtfkes+ftig+
jsije'stjtfstfos'lijclit'0>:0 "jooissih 8 Jprfl 0>:?&%
Dkviregiet kc Gyjegjr% 0>:0% Crjgiwkra ckr Iokekgfo jeh _kofjl Pickrgs "^klfoy
^rfkrftfis ckr 0>:0':9 Xkwjrhs tbi Lked'Xirg Dkjls kc tbi Ejtfkejl OkgpribiesfviHivilkpgiet ^lje&% Ejypyftjw, Gyjegjr%
Fetirejtfkejl Gkeitjry Cueh "FGC&% 0>:?% Gyjegjr= _tjcc Gkeftkrih ^rkdrjg% FGC
Okuetry Pipkrt :?+:?% Tjsbfedtke, HO= FGC%
:8
Okeeiotfed _kutb Jsfj jeh _kutbijst Jsfj= Fetirfg Pipkrt
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0 Fssuis jeh
Fgpihfgiets tkDrijtir Orkss'
_u`ridfkejlFetidrjtfke
Xbfs siotfke hisorf`is tbi vjrfkus fssuis jeh fgpihfgiets
riljtfed tk drijtir fetidrjtfke `itwiie _kutb jeh _kutbijst Jsfj fe
aiy jrijs kc okeeiotfvfty, feoluhfed pbysfojl trjespkrt fecrjstruoturi,
ieirdy fecrjstruoturi jeh trjhfed, trjhi cjoflftjtfke, cfejeofed kc
fecrjstruoturi, trjhi jeh fevistgiet pklfoy rickrgs, jeh festftutfkejl
jspiots% Ft jlsk suddists wjys ckrwjrh tk rihuoi tbisi fgpihfgiets%
0%: ^bysfojl XrjespkrtFecrjstruoturi
Icciotfvi jeh iccfofiet pbysfojl okeeiotfvfty `itwiie _kutb jeh
_kutbijst Jsfj riqufris j ridfkejl pirspiotfvi fe hivilkpfed trjespkrt
fecrjstruoturi prkmiots% Xbi hfvirsi dikdrjpby jeh rjedi kc jpplfoj`li
trjespkrt gkhis uehirsokri tbi eiih ckr gultfgkhjl pljeefed
fe okestruotfed rkjhs, rjflwjys, sijpkrts, feljeh wjtirwjys, jeh
jfrpkrts 3 tbjt sjtfscy tbi eiihs kc usirs, feoluhfed trjespkrt sirvfoi
prkvfhirs% Jey jpprkjob tk striedtbiefed pbysfojl okeeiotfvfty gust
jhhriss okestrjfets fe tbi ckrg kc gfssfed lfeas jeh `kttlieioas fe
3 Jfr trjespkrtjtfke fs ekt feoluhih fe tbfs stuhy%
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:3
Okeeiotfed _kutb Jsfj jeh _kutbijst Jsfj= Fetirfg Pipkrt
tbi trjespkrtjtfke eitwkras% Xbisi pbysfojl `jrrfirs kr bfehrjeois
tk orkss'su`ridfkejl trjhi jri lkojtih gjfely fe Gyjegjr, tbi kely
ljeh `rfhdi `itwiie tbisi su`ridfkes1 Fehfj1 jeh tk j lissir ixtiet fe
@jedljhisb, Ojg`khfj, tbi Ljk ^HP jeh Sfit Ejg% Xbisi `jrrfirs jrihfsoussih fe tbfs siotfke%
0%:%: @joadrkueh@jsfo objrjotirfstfos kc tbi trjespkrt gkhis hitirgfei tbi riljtfvi
fgpkrtjeoi kc ijob gkhi tk fetirejtfkejl kr hkgistfo trjespkrt
sirvfoi prkvfhirs fe _kutb jeh _kutbijst Jsfj, wbk gust `jljeoi tbi
fgpjot kc vjrfkus cjotkrs jcciotfed okst, spiih jeh rilfj`flfty fe tbi
gkvigiet kc pjssiedir kr crifdbt trjccfo=
Pkjh trjespkrt fs dieirjlly okesfhirih j cjst jeh riljtfvily rilfj`li
gkhi1 fts j`flfty tk prkvfhi hkkr'tk'hkkr sirvfois oje kccsit fts bfdbir
oksts vfs''vfs gjrftfgi kr rjfl gkhis%
Pjfl trjespkrt fs je uehirutflfzih trjespkrt gkhi fe _kutb jeh
_kutbijst Jsfj `iojusi kc sirfkus lfgftjtfkes fe tbi rjfl eitwkra,
pjrtfouljrly fe cjoflftjtfed ridfkejl okeeiotfvfty% Gyjegjr bjs ek
fetirejtfkejl rjflwjy okeeiotfkes jeh ek rjfl eitwkra fs kpirjtfkejl
fe tbi Ljk ^HP%
Gjrftfgi trjespkrt fs tbi hkgfejet trjespkrt gkhi ckr tbi gkvigiet
kc fetirejtfkejl trjhi% @ittir iokekgfis kc sojli fe gjrftfgitrjespkrt oje `i jobfivih `y okeviyfed dkkhs fe ljrdi vklugis kvir
lked hfstjeois fe okgpjrfske tk rkjh trjespkrt%
Jfr trjespkrt prkvfhis cjst jeh rilfj`li sirvfois jeh fs pjrtfouljrly
fgpkrtjet ckr tbi tkurfsg fehustry% Jltbkudb ft fs jlsk ixpiesfvi,
tbi prklfcirjtfke kc lkw'okst ojrrfirs bjs okesfhirj`ly wfhieih tbi
pjssiedir gjrait ckr jfr trjespkrt%
Feljeh wjtir trjespkrt, je fgpkrtjet gkhi pjrtfouljrly fe _kutbijst
Jsfj, fs riljtfvily obijp, `ut jlsk slkwir jeh ekt jlwjys rilfj`li%
@ilkw wi ckous ke rkjh jeh rjfl lfeas jeh sijpkrts, dfvie tbjt tbiy
jrduj`ly okestftuti tbi gkst fgpkrtjet `fehfed okestrjfets tk orkss'
su`ridfkejl trjhi jt prisiet jeh prkdriss fe tbisi jrijs oje dieirjti
bfdb ritures fe tbi sbkrt jeh lked rue% Xbi dkjl kc striedtbiefed
tbi rkjh jeh rjflwjy eitwkras `itwiie _kutb jeh _kutbijst Jsfj fs
sbjrih `y tbi Yeftih Ejtfkes Iokekgfo jeh _kofjl Okggfssfke ckr
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Fssuis jeh Fgpihfgiets tk Drijtir Orkss'_u`ridfkejl Fetid
Jsfj jeh tbi ^jofcfo "YEI_OJ^&, J_IJE, @jy kc @iedjl Feftfjtfvi ckr
Gultf'_iotkrjl Xiobefojl jeh Iokekgfo Okkpirjtfke "@FG_XIO&, DG_,
_JJPO jeh _J_IO, jgked ktbir su`ridfkejl okkpirjtfke prkdrjgs fe
Jsfj% Xbi Jsfje Ljeh Xrjespkrt Fecrjstruoturi Hivilkpgiet ^rkmiot,istj`lfsbih `y YEI_OJ^ fe :660, fs ckrigkst jgked tbi ixfstfed pje'
Jsfje fecrjstruoturi feftfjtfvis% Fts pflljrs jri tbi Jsfje Bfdbwjy, tbi
XJP, jeh tbi cjoflftjtfke kc ljeh trjespkrt prkmiots tbrkudb fetirgkhjl
trjespkrt tirgfejls "hry jeh feljeh pkrts&% Xbi Jsfje Bfdbwjy jeh XJP
eitwkras `ktb ckllkw crjgiwkras ckr fetirejtfkejlly jdriih rkutis
jeh fecrjstruoturjl stjehjrhs% _u`siquiet pje'Jsfje fecrjstruoturi
prkdrjgs bjvi fhietfcfih eitwkras tbjt kvirljp sfdefcfojetly wftb tbi
Jsfje Bfdbwjy jeh XJP% Bieoi, wi okesfhir skgi kc tbi objlliedis
cjofed tbi Jsfje Bfdbwjy jeh XJP `ilkw, js will js ktbir aiy
feftfjtfvis suob js tbi J_IJE Bfdbwjy, tbi DG_ Iokekgfo Okrrfhkrs,
jeh tbi DG_ Pjflwjy% Ti jlsk hfsouss tbi rkli kc iokekgfo okrrfhkrs
fe bifdbtiefed tbi iokekgfo iccfofieoy kc trjespkrtjtfke eitwkras%
0%:%0 Pkjh Eitwkras
Jsfje Bfdbwjy
Xbi Jsfje Bfdbwjy okeoipt wjs ckrgjlly prkpksih fe :696
js j eitwkra kc 39,>>> ag fe :9 gig`ir okuetrfis tk prkgkti tbihivilkpgiet kc fetirejtfkejl rkjh trjespkrt fe tbi Jsfje ridfke%
Kvir tbi yijrs, tbi Jsfje Bfdbwjy eitwkra bjs `iokgi j sit kc
ixfstfed ejtfkejl bfdbwjy lfeas okeeiotfed gjmkr oftfis tk prkgkti
ridfkejl fetidrjtfke% Xbi okeoipt riqufris tbjt tbi Jsfje Bfdbwjy
rkutis `i updrjhih jeh+kr gjfetjfeih tk giit uefckrg stjehjrhs%
Je Fetirdkviregietjl Jdriigiet wjs jhkptih fe 0>>? tk cfejlfzi
ckrgjlfzjtfke kc tbi Jsfje Bfdbwjy jeh ft ojgi fetk ckroi fe 0>>9%
Ourrietly, tbi Jsfje Bfdbwjy eitwkra okesfsts kc :8?,>>> ag kc
stjehjrhfzih rkjhwjys orfssorkssfed ?0 Jsfje okuetrfis wftb lfeajdis
tk Iurkpi% Jsfje Bfdbwjy rkjhs `ilkedfed tk oljss FFF jeh `ilkw
okgprfsi j`kut 06) "kr 8:,9>> ag& kc tbi eitwkra% Xbisi siotfkes
bjvi twk ljeis kr liss, jri ekt uefvirsjlly pjvih, jeh jri fe vjrfkus
stjtis kc ripjfr% Okesiquietly, tbisi rkjhs jri pktietfjl `kttlieioas
tbjt gjy ivietujlly `i hisfdejtih prfkrftfis ckr updrjhfed `jsih ke
ixfstfed kr jetfofpjtih trjccfo vklugis jeh lkjhs%
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:2
Okeeiotfed _kutb Jsfj jeh _kutbijst Jsfj= Fetirfg Pipkrt
Ckur prfgjry Jsfje Bfdbwjy rkutis orkss ijst tk wist okeeiotfed
_kutb jeh _kutbijst Jsfj= Jsfje Bfdbwjy : jeh 0 lfeafed Fehfj jeh
@jedljhisb wftb Gyjegjr jeh tbi rist kc _kutbijst Jsfj, jeh Jsfje
Bfdbwjy :9 jeh :3 lfeafed Xbjfljeh, tbi Ljk ^HP, jeh Sfit Ejg%Xbisi ijstwist rkutis tktjl :?,>>> ag, kc wbfob :?) ":,390 ag& jri
oljssfcfih js oljss FFF jeh `ilkw rkjhs%
Xbi Jsfje Bfdbwjy : jeh 0 jri tbi prfeofpjl Jsfje Bfdbwjy rkutis
okeeiotfed _kutb jeh _kutbijst Jsfj% Xbisi rkutis pjss tbrkudb
Gyjegjr, wbfob fs tbi kely ljeh `rfhdi `itwiie tbi twk su`ridfkes%
Fe Gyjegjr, Jsfje Bfdbwjy : pjssis tbrkudb Gyjwjhhy^jyjdyf
"Vjedke&GifatfljGjehjljyXjgu ":,339 ag&1 jeh Jsfje Bfdbwjy
0 pjssis tbrkudb XjobfliaAyjfedtkeGifatfljGjehjljyXjgu
"2>4 ag&% Xbisi rkutis lfea Fehfj jeh Gyjegjr "jeh, tbrkudb Fehfj,
@jedljhisb& jeh bjvi tbi ckllkwfed `kttlieioas "YEI_OJ^ 0>>3&=
Fe Fehfj, kut kc tbi tktjl kc 8?: ag tbjt jri oljss FFF kr `ilkw ke tbi
Jsfje Bfdbwjy, 94) "089 ag& fs ke Jsfje Bfdbwjy : jeh 8?) ":23
ag& fs ke Jsfje Bfdbwjy 0%
Fe @jedljhisb, kut kc tbi tktjl kc 22 ag tbjt jri oljss FFF kr `ilkw ke
tbi Jsfje Bfdbwjy, ?3) "?0 ag& fs ke Jsfje Bfdbwjy : wbfli 3?) "93
ag& fs ke Jsfje Bfdbwjy 0%
Fe Gyjegjr, j tktjl kc :,>38 ag jri oljss FFF kr `ilkw ke tbi Jsfje
Bfdbwjy9>) "9?3 ag& ke Jsfje Bfdbwjy : jeh 9>) "902 ag& ke
Jsfje Bfdbwjy 0% Xbi tktjl ckr Gyjegjr riprisiets 9:) kc tbi tktjlliedtb kc tbi Jsfje Bfdbwjy fe _kutb jeh _kutbijst Jsfj tbjt fs
oljss FFF kr `ilkw, fehfojtfed guob sokpi ckr fgprkvigiet kc fts rkjh
eitwkra%
YEI_OJ^ bjs bfdblfdbtih tbi ckllkwfed rkjh lfeas js prfkrfty
fevistgiets fe Gyjegjr "YEI_OJ^ 0>>3&=
Ypdrjhfed kc tbi GyjwjhhyAjwajrifa rkjh siotfke kc Jsfje
Bfdbwjy :
Ypdrjhfed kc tbi AjljyAjliwjGkeywj siotfke kc Jsfje Bfdbwjy :
Ypdrjhfed kc tbi AyjfedtkeXjueddyf siotfke kc Jsfje Bfdbwjy 0
Jookrhfed tk tbi IPFJ ripkrt, tbi ckllkwfed rkutis jri orftfojl
tk iebjeofed okeeiotfvfty `itwiie Gyjegjr jeh Ekrtbijst Fehfj
"Afgurj, Auhk jeh Ygizjaf 0>>4&=
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Fssuis jeh Fgpihfgiets tk Drijtir Orkss'_u`ridfkejl Fetid
Gkrib+Xjgu rkuti= Xbfs fs tbi gjfe rkuti ckr `krhir trjhi `itwiie
Fehfj jeh Gyjegjr jeh bjs kvirljps wftb JB: jeh JB0% Xbi siotfke
crkg ^jlil tk Gkrib "3> ag& fs sfedli'ljei jeh gkstly gkuetjfekus%
Xbi surcjoi fs pjvih `ut sfdefcfojet siotfkes `itwiie ^jlil jehGkrib jri fe hfsripjfr%
]klajwtjr+Pbii rkuti= Xbfs rkuti oje `i pksftfkeih js tbi sbkrtist
ljeh rkuti okeeiotfed Gyjegjr jeh Aklajtj tbrkudb Ekrtbijst Fehfj
jeh @jedljhisb fc tbi siotfke crkg Jfzjwl tk Jdjrtjlj fs fgprkvih
jeh trjesft trjhi tbrkudb @jedljhisb fs rijlfzih%
Ejgpked+^jedsu rkuti, aekwe js _tflwill Pkjh= _tjrtfed crkg Lihk
fe Fehfjs Jssjg stjti, ft wijvis tbrkudb uppir Gyjegjr tk ieh fe
Obfejs Vueeje prkvfeoi% Ourrietly, tbi `krhir fs ekt yit kpieih ckr
kccfofjl `krhir trjhi%
Xbisi prkmiots jlsk tfi fe wftb tbksi fhietfcfih fe tbi @FG_XIO
Xrjespkrt Fecrjstruoturi jeh Lkdfstfos _tuhy "@XFL_& "JH@ 0>>2&, wbfob
ckrgs tbi okri kc trjespkrt pljeefed fe tbi @FG_XIO jrij jeh wjs
iehkrsih `y tbi @FG_XIO gfefstirs fe 0>>6% Xbi @FG_XIO prkdrjg
bjs fhietfcfih :8 rkjh okrrfhkrs, 8 rjfl okrrfhkrs, 0 feljeh wjtirwjy
okrrfhkrs, :: gjrftfgi djtiwjys jeh :9 jvfjtfke djtiwjys% _kgi kc
tbi rkjh jeh rjflwjy okrrfhkrs kvirljp wftb tbi Jsfje Bfdbwjy jeh
XJP rkutis%
J_IJE Bfdbwjy Eitwkra
J_IJE bjs fhietfcfih tbi J_IJE Bfdbwjy Eitwkra "JBE&, wbfob
okesfsts kc 0? hisfdejtih rkutis, tktjlfed j`kut ?2,8>> ag, js kei kc
J_IJEs cljdsbfp prkmiots ckr ljeh trjespkrt okeeiotfvfty% Xbi JBE
fs jfgih jt ivietujlly orijtfed j hiesir eitwkra kc fetrj'ridfkejl
bfdbwjys tbrkudb tbi ixpjesfke kc YEI_OJ^s Jsfje Bfdbwjy eitwkra
wftbfe J_IJE gig`ir stjtis% Xbi JBE usis tbi sjgi hisfde stjehjrhs
js YEI_OJ^s Jsfje Bfdbwjy eitwkra% J_IJE Bfdbwjy rkutis
kvirljppfed wftb YEI_OJ^s Jsfje Bfdbwjy rkutis bjvi tbi sjgi
rkuti eug`irs js tbi Jsfje Bfdbwjy rkutis% J`kut bjlc kc tbi JBE
liedtb stfll okesfsts kc oljss FFF jeh `ilkw rkjhs% J_IJE bjs fhietfcfih
Xrjesft Xrjespkrt Pkutis fe tbi JBE tk cjoflftjti trjespkrtjtfke kc
dkkhs fe trjesft jeh tk curtbir fetidrjti Jsfjs iokekgfis "J_IJE
0>:>j&%
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0>
Okeeiotfed _kutb Jsfj jeh _kutbijst Jsfj= Fetirfg Pipkrt
FehfjGyjegjrXbjfljeh Xrfljtirjl Bfdbwjy "FGXXB&
Xbi FehfjGyjegjrXbjfljeh Xrfljtirjl Bfdbwjy "FGXXB& ^rkmiot
wjs okeoiptujlfzih fe 0>>0 tk prkvfhi j :,?3> ag rkjh lfeafed
Ekrtbijst Fehfj jeh _kutbijst Jsfj% Xbi rkjh wfll okeeiot Gkrib ketbi Fehfje sfhi fe Gjefpur wftb Gji _kt tkwe fe Xbjfljeh, pjssfed
tbrkudb @jdjefe oietrjl Gyjegjr% Gjmkr stritobis kc rkjh jlrijhy
ixfst ut hfljpfhjtih siotfkes bjvi tk i fgprkvih jeh fetirokeeiotih%
Xbi jlfdegiet kc tbi FGXXB cjlls wftbfe tbi Jsfje Bfdbwjy : `ifed
pursuih `y YEI_OJ^ "Hi 0>::&% Xbi k`miotfvi kc tbi rkjh fs tk orijti
j lfea `itwiie Ekrtbijst Fehfj jeh _kutbijst Jsfj% J hiip'sij pkrt
jt Hjwif jeh tbi Hjwif'Ajobjej`urf rkjh lfea jri jlsk tk `i ojrrfih
kut fe kei pjoajdi tkditbir wftb tbi trfljtirjl bfdbwjy prkmiot "sii
hfsoussfke fe siotfke 0%:%9 `ilkw&% Xbi prkmiot wjs feftfjlly ljueobih
uehir tbi prkdrjg kc tbi Giaked Djedj Okkpirjtfke "GDO& jeh ljtir
feokrpkrjtih fetk tbi trjespkrt siotkr kc @FG_XIO `ut ft bjs ekt yit
`iie ixioutih "Btue, Lwfe, Ejfed jeh Xue 0>::&%
0%:%? Pjflwjy EitwkrasPjfl eitwkra okeeiotfvfty `itwiie tbi twk ridfkes fs dieirjlly
pkkr% Fe pjrtfouljr, Gyjegjr bjs ek orkss'`krhir rjfl lfeas% Gkrikvir,
tbi feokgpjtf`flfty kc djudis "trjoa wfhtbs& fe Fehfj, @jedljhisb,
Xbjfljeh jeh Gyjegjr gijes tbjt trjessbfpgiet wfll `i riqufrihivie jctir tbrkudb rjfl lfeas jri hivilkpih% Xbfs feorijsis oksts,
lkwirs sirvfoi livils jeh gjais rjfl liss okgpitftfvi "JH@ 0>>2&%
Xrjes'Jsfje Pjflwjy
Xbi XJP fs YEI_OJ^s okuetirpjrt tk tbi Jsfje Bfdbwjy fe tbi
rjfl trjespkrt su`siotkr tk prkgkti gkri ievfrkegietjlly crfiehly
jeh sustjfej`li trjespkrt sklutfkes% YEI_OJ^ feftfjtih hisfdefed tbi
XJP eitwkra fe tbi :63>s wftb tbi k`miotfvi kc prkvfhfed j oketfeukus
:8,>>>ag rjfl lfea `itwiie _fedjpkri jeh Fstje`ul% Xbi XJP prkdrjg
prkgktis rjflwjys js je ieirdy'iccfofiet gkhi kc trjespkrt tk iebjeoi
tbi kpirjtfkejl iccfofieoy, iokekgfo rilivjeoi, jeh okggirofjl
utflfzjtfke kc Jsfjs rjfl trjespkrt fecrjstruoturi% Xbi XJP fs ievfsfkeih
tk jllivfjti tbi dikdrjpbfojl fskljtfke kc tbi ljehlkoaih XJP gig`irs
`y kccirfed tbig je jhvjeoih ljeh trjespkrtjtfke systig lfeaih tk
sij rkutis usfed tbi pkrts kc ktbir gig`ir okuetrfis%
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Xj`li 0= Gfssfed Lfeas k tbi Xrjes'Jsfje Pjflwjy Okeeiotfed _kutb jeh _kutbijst Jsfj
Crkg Xk Xk Gfssfed Pjflwjy Lfea Liedtb "ag
Fehfj Gyjegjr Mfrf`jg "Fehfj& Ajljy "Gyjegjr& ?83
Gyjegjr Xbjfljeh Xbjepbyuzjyjt "Gyjegjr& Ejgtka "Xbjfljeh& 03?
Xbjfljeh Ojg`khfj Jrjeyjprjtbit "Xbjfljeh& _fskpbke "Ojg`khfj& 98
Xbjfljeh Ljk ^HP _jvjeejabit "Xbjfljeh& @uj Vjf "Ljk ^HP& 024
Xbjfljeh Ljk ^HP Sfit EjgY`kerjtobjtjef "Xbjfljeh& ^jasi "Ljk ^HP& _jvjeejabit "Xbjf&
Hivsjvjeb "Ljk& Hked Bj "Sfit Ejg&926
Ljk HP Sfit Ejg Sfietfjei "Ljk HP& Gu Dfj "Sfit Ejg& Sued Je 936
Ojg`khfj Sfit Ejg @jt Hied "Ojg`khfj& Lko Efeb "Sfit Ejg& BOG Ofty ?29
Xktjl 0,86?
Ekti= ag 7 aflkgitir, Ljk ^HP 7 Ljk ^ikplis Higkorjtfo Pipu`lfo%
_kuroi= YEI_OJ^ "0>::&%
Fssuis jeh Fgpihfgiets tk Drijtir Orkss'_u`ridfkejl Fetid
Xbi Fetirdkviregietjl Jdriigiet ke tbi Xrjes'Jsfje Pjflwjy
Eitwkra, wbfob ietirih fetk ckroi fe 0>>6, sits ckrtb j crjgiwkra ckr
tbi okkrhfejtih hivilkpgiet kc rjfl rkutis kc fetirejtfkejl fgpkrtjeoi
jeh tbifr iccfofiet kpirjtfkejlfzjtfke% Xbi lfeas fe tbi eitwkra wiri
fhietfcfih y gig`irs jsih ke pktietfjl tk sirvi fggihfjti trjespkrt
eiihs, jeh tk suppkrt fetirejtfkejl trjhi wftbfe tbi I_OJ^ ridfke js
will js `itwiie Jsfj jeh Iurkpi%
Ourrietly, tbi XJP eitwkra fs okgprfsih kc ::4,>>> ag kc rjfl
rkutis% Xbfs feoluhis j`kut :>,9>> ag kc gfssfed lfeas, wbfob eiihtk `i okestruotih tk prkvfhi ckr je ue`rkaie XJP eitwkra% Djps
kr gfssfed lfeas koour jlked tbi XJP eitwkra fe siotfkes wbiri ek
pbysfojl lfeajdi ixfsts `itwiie tbi rjflwjy eitwkras kc eifdb`krfed
okuetrfis kr wbiri tbiri fs je j`sieoi kc oketfeukus rjflwjy lfeas
wftbfe tbi okuetrfis% Xj`li 0 fehfojtis pkssf`li cuturi lfeas fe tbi XJP
eitwkra tbjt okulh iebjeoi okeeiotfvfty itwiie _kutb jeh _kutbijst
Jsfj% Xbisi riprisiet j`kut 09) kc tbi gfssfed lfeas fe tbi ietfri XJP
eitwkra%
Drijtir Giaked _u`ridfke Pjflwjy
Xbi JH@'cuehih DG_ Pjflwjy _trjtidy _tuhy "JH@ 0>::j& jssissih
vjrfkus jltirejtfvi rkutis ckr lfeafed tbi ueokeeiotih rjflwjys fe tbi
DG_ tk striedtbie tbi okeeiotfvfty kc tbi ekhis jeh iebjeoi tbi
kvirjll iccfofieoy kc tbi su`ridfkes rjflwjy eitwkra% Xbi bfdbist
prfkrfty wjs dfvie tk tbi @jedaka^bekg ^iebBk Obf Gfeb Ofty
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Okeeiotfed _kutb Jsfj jeh _kutbijst Jsfj= Fetirfg Pipkrt
BjekfAuegfedEjemfed rkuti `iojusi ft wjs hi