connecting south asia and southeast asia: interim report

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    Okeeiotfed

    _kutb Jsfj jeh_kutbijst JsfjFEXIPFG PI^KPX

    J MKFEX _XYHV KC XBI J_FJE HISILK^GIEX @JEA JEH XBI J_FJE HISILK^GIEX @JEA FE_XFXYXI

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    Okeeiotfed

    _kutb Jsfj jeh_kutbijst Jsfj

    Fetirfg Pipkrt

    J Mkfet _tuhy kc tbi Jsfje Hivilkpgiet @jea jeh tbi Jsfje Hivilkpgiet @jea Festftuti

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    0>:? Jsfje Hivilkpgiet @jea Festftuti

    Jll rfdbts risirvih% ^u`lfsbih 0>:?%

    ^rfetih fe Mjpje

    ^rfetih usfed viditj`li kfl'`jsih feas ke rioyolih pjpir1 gjeucjoturih tbrkudb j

    tktjlly oblkrfei'crii prkoiss%

    F_@E 642'8'26648'>?2'8

    Ojtjlkdfed'fe'^u`lfojtfke Hjtj

    Okeeiotfed _kutb Jsfj jeh _kutbijst Jsfj= fetirfg ripkrt + Jsfje Hivilkpgiet @jea

    Festftuti

    p% og%

    Feoluhis `f`lfkdrjpbfojl ricirieois%

    :% OkeeiotfvftyJsfj% 0% FecrjstruoturiJsfj% F% Jsfje Hivilkpgiet @jea Festftuti%

    Xbi vfiws ixprissih fe tbfs `kka jri tbksi kc tbi jutbkrs jeh hk ekt eioissjrfly ricliot

    tbi vfiws jeh pklfofis kc tbi Jsfje Hivilkpgiet @jea "JH@&, tbi Jsfje Hivilkpgiet @jea

    Festftuti "JH@F&, kr tbifr @kjrh kc Dkvirekrs kr tbi dkviregiets tbiy riprisiet%

    JH@ jeh JH@F hk ekt dujrjetii tbi joourjoy kc tbi hjtj feoluhih fe tbfs pu`lfojtfke jeh

    jooipt ek rispkesf`flfty ckr jey okesiquieoi kc tbifr usi%

    @y gjafed jey hisfdejtfke kc kr ricirieoi tk j pjrtfouljr tirrftkry kr dikdrjpbfo jrij, kr

    `y usfed tbi tirg okuetry fe tbfs hkougiet, JH@ jeh JH@F hk ekt fetieh tk gjai jey

    muhdgiets js tk tbi lidjl kr ktbir stjtus kc jey tirrftkry kr jrij%

    JH@F ieokurjdis prfetfed kr okpyfed feckrgjtfke ixolusfvily ckr pirskejl jeh

    ekeokggirofjl usi wftb prkpir joaekwlihdgiet kc JH@F% Ysirs jri ristrfotih crkg

    risillfed, rihfstrf`utfed, kr orijtfed hirfvjtfvi wkras ckr okggirofjl purpksis wftbkut tbi

    ixpriss, wrfttie okesiet kc JH@F%

    Ekti= Fe tbfs pu`lfojtfke, ( ricirs tk Yeftih _tjtis hklljrs%

    Jsfje Hivilkpgiet @jea Festftuti

    Ajsugfdjsiaf @uflhfed 2C

    ?'0'9, Ajsugfdjsiaf, Obfykhj'au

    Xkayk :>>'3>>2

    www%jh`f%krd

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    Oketiets

    J`kut Xbfs _tuhy v

    Kvirvfiw vff

    J``rivfjtfkes jeh Jorkeygs xxf

    : Orkss'_u`ridfkejl Iokekgfo Xfis, @ieits, jeh Oksts :

    :%: Xrjhi Lfeas :

    :%0 Fevistgiet Lfeas 4

    :%? @ieicfts jeh Oksts kc Olksir Fetidrjtfke 6

    :%8 _uggjry :0

    0 Fssuis jeh Fgpihfgiets tk Drijtir Orkss'_u`ridfkejlFetidrjtfke :9

    0%: ^bysfojl Xrjespkrt Fecrjstruoturi :9

    0%0 Ieirdy Fecrjstruoturi jeh Xrjhfed 06

    0%? Xrjhi Cjoflftjtfke ?9

    0%8 Cfejeofed Fecrjstruoturi 8>

    0%9 Xrjhi jeh Fevistgiet ^klfoy Pickrgs 84

    0%3 Festftutfkes 99

    ? Gjfe Gissjdis jeh tbi Tjy Ckrwjrh 3:

    ?%: Gjfe Gissjdis 3:

    ?%0 Tjy Ckrwjrh 3?

    Picirieois 39

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    J`kut Xbfs _tuhy

    X

    bfs fs tbi fetirfg ripkrt kc tbi ke'dkfed mkfet JH@ jeh

    JH@F stuhy ke Okeeiotfed _kutb Jsfj jeh _kutbijst

    Jsfj% Pisijrob wfll oketfeui jeh tbi cull ripkrt wfll `i

    okgplitih fe 0>:8% Xbi ckllkwfed JH@ Hipjrtgiets jeh

    Kccfois jri fevklvih fe tbi stuhy= _kutb Jsfj Hipjrtgiet,

    _kutbijst Jsfj Hipjrtgiet, Kccfoi kc Pidfkejl Iokekgfo Fetidrjtfke,

    jeh Iokekgfos jeh Pisijrob Hipjrtgiet%

    Xbi stuhy fs ifed pripjrih uehir tbi kvirjll dufhjeoi kc j stiirfed

    okggfttii objfrih `y Gjsjbfrk Ajwjf "Hije jeh OIK, JH@F& jeh Pjmjt

    Ejd "Gjejdfed Hfriotkr Dieirjl, JH@& jeh wbfob fs okgpksih kc

    sivirjl bijhs kc JH@s kpirjtfkes jeh aekwlihdi hipjrtgiets% Xbisi

    feoluhi= Muje Gfrjehj "Hfriotkr'Dieirjl, _kutb Jsfj Hipjrtgiet&, Auefk

    _iedj "Hfriotkr Dieirjl, _kutbijst Jsfj Hipjrtgiet&, ^bflfp Irqufjdj"Hfriotkr Dieirjl, ^rfvjti _iotkr Kpirjtfkes Hipjrtgiet&, Objedyked

    Pbii "Obfic Iokekgfst, Iokekgfos jeh Pisijrob Hipjrtgiet jeh

    Kccfoir fe Objrdi kc tbi Kccfoi kc Pidfkejl Iokekgfo Fetidrjtfke&, jeh

    Ajzu _jajf "Hfriotkr Dieirjl, _trjtidy jeh ^klfoy Hipjrtgiet&%

    Gfobjil ^luggir "^rkcisskr, Mkbes Bkpafes Yefvirsfty& fs tbi

    lijh okesultjet ckr tbi stuhy% ^itir Gkrdje "_iefkr Okesultjet ckr

    Pisijrob, JH@F& sirvis js tbi prkmiot tjsa gjejdir ckr tbi stuhy uehir

    tbi supirvfsfke kc Djeisbje Tfdejrjmj "Hfriotkr kc Pisijrob, JH@F&%

    Xbi fetirfg ripkrt wjs wrfttie `y j tijg kc JH@ jeh JH@F stjcc

    jeh okesultjets% Xbi fetirfg ripkrt wjs pripjrih jsih ke feputs crkg

    Gfobjil ^luggir, ^itir Gkrdje, Djeisbje Tfdejrjmj, Pkejlh Jetkefk

    @utfked, Gyk Xbjet, Hbru`j ^urajyjstbj, Mieey @jl`kj, Rfjkgfed

    ^je, Giejaj Jruhobilvje jeh @kke Lkked Edfjed% Okggiets jeh

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    vf

    J`kut Xbfs _tuhy

    suddistfkes wiri jlsk dfvie `y _iabjr @keu, Jrmue Dkswjgf, Pjgisb

    _u`rjgjefjg, Dfkvjeef Ojpjeeillf, Ouked Gfeb Eduyie, _j`y Gftrj,

    Gkbjggjh ^jrviz Fghjh, _buesuai @jehk jeh Eiwfe _bfesrf%

    Ckr curtbir feckrgjtfke j`kut tbi stuhy, tbi ckllkwfed gjy `i

    oketjotih=

    Djeisbje Tfdejrjmj "Hfriotkr kc Pisijrob, JH@F&% Igjfl= dwfdejrjmjN

    jh`f%krd

    _iabjr @keu "Hfriotkr, _kutb Jsfj Pidfkejl Okkpirjtfke jeh

    Kpirjtfkes Okkrhfejtfke Hfvfsfke, JH@&% Igjfl= s`keuNjh`%krd

    Jrmue Dkswjgf "Hfriotkr, _kutbijst Jsfj Pidfkejl Okkpirjtfke jeh

    Kpirjtfkes Okkrhfejtfke Hfvfsfke, JH@&% Igjfl= jdkswjgfNjh`%krd

    Pjgisb _u`rjgjefjg "_iefkr Hfriotkr, Kccfoi kc Pidfkejl Iokekgfo

    Fetidrjtfke, JH@&% Igjfl= rsu`rjgjefjgNjh`%krd

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    Kvirvfiw

    Oketixt jeh Jfg kc tbi _tuhy

    _kutb jeh _kutbijst Jsfje iokekgfis bjvi drkwe rjpfhly

    hurfed je irj kc j crjdfli wkrlh iokekgfo drkwtb `isit `y rfsas jeh

    ueoirtjfetfis% Xbfs prkoiss bjs `iie cuilih `y ixpjehfed ridfkejl

    prkhuotfke eitwkras, fetidrjtfke wftb tbi dlk`jl iokekgy, ckrifde

    hfriot fevistgiet "CHF&, cjllfed trjhi jeh fevistgiet `jrrfirs, j

    okggkhfty `kkg, jeh bifdbtieih higjeh crkg j rfsfed Jsfje gfhhli

    oljss% Xbi risults bjvi `iie ixtrigily pksftfvi1 tbisi ridfkes bjvi

    `iie jgked tbi gkst hyejgfo fe tbi wkrlh jeh bjvi prkhuoih bfdbly

    fgprissfvi skofkiokekgfo fgprkvigiets% Tbfli objlliedis rigjfe,

    tbisi ridfkes jri ke tbi rfdbt pjtb% Bkwivir, fetidrjtfke kc trjhi jeh

    fevistgiet itwiie tbisi twk su`ridfkes :, wbfli gjafed prkdriss, bjs

    `iie riljtfvily lfgftih, bfehirih `y vjrfkus `kttlieioas jeh djps fe

    trjhi fecrjstruoturi, trjhi `jrrfirs, jeh lfgftih ridfkejl okkpirjtfke%

    Fe tbi jctirgjtb kc tbi dlk`jl cfejeofjl orfsfs, ft bjs `iokgi

    olijr tbjt Jsfje iokekgfis gust rily gkri ke hkgistfo jeh ridfkejlhigjeh tk siouri sustjfej`li jeh feolusfvi drkwtb%0 Feorijsih

    okeeiotfvfty `itwiie _kutb jeh _kutbijst Jsfj oje pljy je fgpkrtjet

    rkli fe jobfivfed tbfs dkjl `y fgprkvfed iccfofieoy jeh prkhuotfvfty vfj

    gkri iccfofiet fehustrfis `jsih ke okgpjrjtfvi jhvjetjdi, ieljrdfed

    tbi icciotfvi gjrait sfzi jeh feorijsfed jooiss tk ft% Jeh `ittir

    okeeiotfvftytbrkudb bjrhwjri jeh jsskofjtih skctwjrilfis jt tbi

    bijrt kc uelkoafed tbi cull `ieicfts kc olksir iokekgfo tfis `itwiie

    tbi twk su`ridfkes%

    Xbfs stuhy ckousis ke bkw fgprkvih okeeiotfvfty jeh jsskofjtih

    skctwjri oje iebjeoi gkri icciotfvi iokekgfo fetidrjtfke `itwiie

    : Fe tbfs ripkrt wi ckllkw tbi okevietfke tbjt jll kc Jsfj ckrgs j ridfke jeh _kutb Jsfj

    jeh _kutbijst Jsfj jri twk kc fts su`ridfkes% _kutb Jsfj feoluhis Jcdbjefstje, @jedljhisb,

    @butje, Fehfj, Gjlhfvis, Eipjl, ^jafstje jeh _rf Ljeaj, wbfli _kutbijst Jsfj feoluhis @rueif

    Hjrussjljg, Ojg`khfj, Fehkeisfj, Ljk ^ikplis Higkorjtfo Pipu`lfo "Ljk ^HP&, Gjljysfj,

    Gyjegjr, ^bflfppfeis, _fedjpkri, Xbjfljeh, jeh Sfit Ejg%0 _ii, i%d%, tbi hfsoussfke kc ri`jljeofed fe JH@ "0>:>j&%

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    vfff

    Kvirvfiw

    tbi twk su`ridfkes% @rkjhly hicfeih, okeeiotfvfty okvirs `ktb pbysfojl

    okeeiotfvfty "fecrjstruoturi& jeh jsskofjtih festftutfkejl okeeiotfvfty

    kr skctwjri%? Fe tbfs stuhy, pbysfojl fecrjstruoturi feoluhis tbjt riljtih

    tk trjespkrt jeh ieirdy, wbfli skctwjri feoluhis tbi orftfojl jrijs kctrjhi cjoflftjtfke, cfejeofed kc fecrjstruoturi, trjhi jeh fevistgiet

    rickrgs, jeh festftutfkes ckr okkrhfejtfke%

    Xbi tfgi fs rfpi ckr j stuhy kc _kutb jeh _kutbijst Jsfj okeeiotfvfty%

    Xbi rioiet pklftfojl rickrg prkoiss fe Gyjegjrj aiy `rfhdi `itwiie

    tbisi twk ridfkesekw gjais pkssf`li ljeh okeeiotfvfty `itwiie

    _kutb jeh _kutbijst Jsfj, wbfob wjs ekt cijsf`li j ciw yijrs jdk%

    Xbi prkspiot kc curtbir lf`irjlfzjtfke `itwiie tbi Jsskofjtfke kc

    _kutbijst Jsfje Ejtfkes 8 "J_IJE& jeh gjmkr ridfkejl iokekgfis

    "feoluhfed Fehfj& wjs jfhih `y tbi jdriigiet fe Ekvig`ir 0>:0 tk

    `idfe eidktfjtfkes fe 0>:? ke j Pidfkejl Okgpribiesfvi Iokekgfo

    ^jrteirsbfp "POI^&% Xbfs fs pjrtfouljrly fgpkrtjet fe tbi oketixt kc

    Fehfjs Lkka Ijst pklfoy% Jeh gjey _kutb jeh _kutbijst iokekgfis

    jri oketigpljtfed siokeh dieirjtfke iokekgfo rickrgs tk sustjfe

    feolusfvi drkwtb%

    Xbiri fs bifdbtieih pklfoy fetirist fe tbi prkoiss kc orkss'

    su`ridfkejl fetidrjtfke, jeh pjrtfouljr fetirist fe curtbir hivilkpfed

    iokekgfo riljtfkesbfps `itwiie tbisi twk hyejgfo su`ridfkes%

    Xbi fgpligietjtfke kc tbi J_IJEFehfj crii trjhi jdriigiet "CXJ&

    bjs cjoflftjtih fetrj'ridfkejl trjhi jeh fevistgiet lf`irjlfzjtfke%Ekeitbiliss, suob iokekgfo fetidrjtfke cjois eugirkus objlliedis,

    feoluhfed prk`ligjtfo orkss'`krhir fecrjstruoturi lfeas, u`fquftkus

    hfccfoultfis riljtih tk wija trjhi cjoflftjtfke, j sbkrtjdi kc fecrjstruoturi

    cfejeofed, eugirkus eke'tjrfcc `jrrfirs "EX@s& jeh `jrrfirs tk CHF, jeh

    wija festftutfkejl okkrhfejtfke% Fe sbkrt, wbfli iokekgfo fetidrjtfke

    icckrts bjvi gjhi prkdriss, tbi prkoiss bjs j lked wjy tk dk `ickri ft

    oje rijob fts cull pktietfjl% Fe tbfs stuhy wi objrt j pjtb tk dit tbiri%

    Xbfs fetirfg ripkrt fs `jsih ke prilfgfejry risijrob okehuotih

    kvir sivirjl gketbs `y j stuhy tijg okgprfsfed stjcc jeh okesultjets

    kc tbi Jsfje Hivilkpgiet @jea "JH@& jeh tbi Jsfje Hivilkpgiet

    @jea Festftuti "JH@F&% Xbi ripkrt sits kut aiy fssuis fe riljtfke tk

    fgprkvfed okeeiotfvfty `itwiie _kutb jeh _kutbijst Jsfj, trjois

    ? _ii JH@ "0>>3& ckr curtbir hfsoussfke kc tbisi okeoipts%8 J_IJE feoluhis jll kc tbi okuetrfis fe _kutbijst Jsfj%

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    Kvi

    tbifr fgplfojtfkes, jeh hilfeijtis pkssf`li pklfofis% Objptir : rivfiws

    ivklvfed iokekgfo tfis `itwiie tbi twk su`ridfkes jeh fhietfcfis

    `ieicfts jeh oksts tk drijtir iokekgfo fetidrjtfke% Objptir 0 fhietfcfis

    aiy fssuis jeh okestrjfets tk drijtir iokekgfo fetidrjtfke wbfliObjptir ? ixplkris fgplfojtfkes ckr ckstirfed `ittir okeeiotfvfty jeh

    olksir iokekgfo fetidrjtfke js will js tbi eixt stips ckr tbi stuhy%

    Drkwfed Iokekgfo Xfis

    Fe tbi pkstwjr irj uetfl :66>, _kutb jeh _kutbijst Jsfje iokekgfis

    wiri riljtfvily fskljtih crkg kei jektbir jeh tbiri wjs lfttli orkss'

    su`ridfkejl iokekgfo fetidrjtfke tbrkudb trjhi kr fevistgiet% _feoi

    tbie, tbi drkwtb kc _kutb jeh _kutbijst Jsfje orkss'su`ridfkejl

    trjhi bjs `iie rigjraj`lifeorijsfed eijrly 00 tfgis crkg (8 `fllfke

    tk (23 `fllfke crkg :66> tk 0>::% Kvir tbi sjgi pirfkh, _kutbijst

    Jsfjs sbjri kc _kutb Jsfje trjhi rksi slfdbtly crkg ::) tk :0),

    wbirijs _kutb Jsfjs sbjri kc _kutbijst Jsfje trjhi hku`lih crkg

    j`kut 0) tk 8)% Xbi sjgi dieirjl stkry jpplfis tk orkss'su`ridfkejl

    fevistgiet% _kutbijst Jsfj kely jookuetih ckr :8) kc tktjl _kutb

    Jsfje CHF kutclkws hurfed 0>>60>:0, jeh _kutb Jsfj kely rioifvih

    3) kc _kutbijst Jsfje CHF% Xbfs suddists tbjt wbfli orkss'su`ridfkejl

    trjhi jeh fevistgiet jri riljtfvily lkw okgpjrih tk clkws wftb tbirist kc tbi wkrlh ckr `ktb su`ridfkes, tbiy bjvi rfsie crkg `ifed cjfrly

    fesfdefcfojet tk `ifed fgpkrtjet tk `ktb su`ridfkes, pjrtfouljrly ckr

    _kutb Jsfj% Ft jlsk fehfojtis tbjt CHF'hrfvie prkhuotfke eitwkras jeh

    pjrts jeh okgpkeiets trjhi, wbfob jri j aiy hrfvir kc trjhi ixpjesfke

    fe _kutbijst Jsfj, bjvi yit tk tjai cfrg rkkt fe _kutb Jsfj%

    @ieits jeh Oksts kc Drijtir

    Iokekgfo Fetidrjtfke jehOkkpirjtfke

    Tbfli iokekgfo riljtfkes `itwiie _kutb jeh _kutbijst Jsfj jri

    jt j riljtfvily ijrly stjdi, tbiy bjvi j ljrdi iokekgfo pktietfjl% Xbiri

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    Kvi

    orkss'`krhir fecrjstruoturi prkmiots, jeh `ittir gjejdigiet kc

    tbi orkss'`krhir sprijh kc feciotfkus hfsijsis, jeh wjtir jeh jfr

    pkllutfke, js will js stkppfed hrud jeh bugje trjccfoafed%

    Cfejlly, drijtir okeeiotfvfty oje prkvfhi tbi `jsfs ckr gkrifeolusfvi drkwtb wftb drijtir pktietfjl ckr rihuofed pkvirty jeh

    olksfed hivilkpgiet djps% Xbfs feoluhis gfekrfty drkups tbjt bjvi

    `iie gjrdfejlfzih fe tbi pjst, lijhfed tk okeclfot sftujtfkes% _uob

    hivilkpgiets okulh bjvi `rkjhir `ieicfts kc prkgktfed stj`flfty

    jeh iebjeofed pijoi jeh siourfty fe tbi ridfke, feoluhfed jspiots

    riljtih tk wjtir supply, lj`kr gk`flfty jeh pkssf`ly hiciesi%

    Xbi pktietfjl djfes crkg olksir orkss'su`ridfkejl iokekgfo

    fetidrjtfke jri ek hku`t ljrdi% Je ijrlfir stuhy usfed j slfdbtly hfcciriet

    ridfkejl ueft kc jejlysfs "J_IJE!? 4 jeh _kutb Jsfj& istfgjtis ljrdi

    djfes "j`kut (03> `fllfke, kr 0) kc drkss hkgistfo prkhuot QDH^W&

    crkg je Ijst jeh _kutb Jsfje crii trjhi jrij, uehir okesirvjtfvi

    jssugptfkes "Crjekfs, Pjej, jeh Tfdejrjmj 0>>6= 02 QXj`li :%3W&%

    Okuetrfis k`tjfefed riljtfvily ljrdi pksftfvi feokgi fgpjots "kvir 0)&

    feoluhih Akrij, Fehkeisfj, Gjljysfj, ^bflfppfeis, _fedjpkri, Xbjfljeh,

    Sfit Ejg, Fehfj jeh _rf Ljeaj% Xk `i suri, tbi prkoiss kc olksir fetrj'

    ridfkejl iokekgfo fetidrjtfke dieirjtis pktietfjl `ieicfts `ut gjy

    ietjfl skgi jhhftfkejl oksts wbfob eiih sirfkus rivfiw jeh gftfdjtfke

    gijsuris% Ckr festjeoi, olksir fetrj'ridfkejl iokekgfo tfis jeh cjstirdrkwtb gjy ietjfl pkllutfke jeh ievfrkegietjl hidrjhjtfke% Pidfkejl

    iokekgfo fetidrjtfke gjy jlsk bjstie tbi sprijh kc hfsijsi jeh

    orfgi% Jeh tbi prkoiss gjy ixjoir`jti cijrs kc gfdrjtfke jeh itbefo

    tiesfkes%

    Gyjegjr js j @rfhdi

    @y vfrtui kc fts strjtidfo lkojtfke strjhhlfed _kutb Jsfj jeh

    _kutbijst Jsfj, tbi rioiet kpiefed up kc Gyjegjr fe pklftfojl,

    iokekgfo, jeh cfejeofjl tirgs prisiets j sfdefcfojet eiw kppkrtuefty

    ckr iebjeofed tbisi fetidrjtfke icckrts, wftb tbi prkgfsi kc su`stjetfjl

    djfes ckr `ktb su`ridfkes% Xbfs fs pjrtfouljrly tbi ojsi ckr ljeh'

    4 J_IJE plus ^PO, Mjpje jeh Pipu`lfo kc Akrij%

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    xff

    Kvirvfiw

    `jsih trjespkrtjtfke`ktb bfdbwjys jeh rjflrkjhsjeh ieirdy

    fecrjstruoturi% Gyjegjr oje `ieicft su`stjetfjlly crkg kpiefed up

    jeh iokgfed j rfhdi itwiie _kutb jeh _kutbijst Jsfj% Xbi okuetry

    bjs sivirjl skurois kc okgpjrjtfvi jhvjetjdi feoluhfed rfob ejturjlriskuroi iehkwgiets "i%d%, pitrkliug, ejturjl djs, okjl, tfg`ir,

    gfeirjls, jeh priofkus stkeis&1 j`uehjet lkw'okst lj`kr ckr ixpkrt'

    krfietih fehustrfis1 jeh bfstkrfo sftis wftb ektj`li tkurfsg pktietfjl%

    Js gietfkeih j`kvi, tbisi pktietfjl djfes feoluhi oketrf`utfed tk

    jobfivfed feolusfvi jeh sustjfej`li drkwtb, fetidrjtfke fetk ridfkejl

    prkhuotfke eitwkras, jeh oketrf`utfed tk prkoissis kc pklftfojl

    riokeoflfjtfke fe tbi ridfke% Xbi kpiefed up kc Gyjegjr tjais ke

    pjrtfouljr fgpkrtjeoi fe tbi oketixt kc Fehfjs Lkka Ijst pklfoy, tbi

    POI^ eidktfjtfkes tk orijti j ljrdi ridfke'wfhi CXJ, jeh tbi gkvi

    tkwjrh je J_IJE Iokekgfo Okgguefty `y 0>:9% Fgprkvih hkgistfo

    okeeiotfvfty jeh sustjfefed pklfoy rickrgs jri eioissjry okehftfkes

    tk iesuri tbjt Gyjegjr oje `i je icciotfvi `rfhdi `itwiie _kutb jeh

    _kutbijst Jsfj jeh tbjt tbi ridfke oje `ieicft%

    Gjfe Okestrjfets tk DrijtirIokekgfo Fetidrjtfke

    J eug`ir kc `jrrfirs bjvi lfgftih hiipir orkss'su`ridfkejl

    fetidrjtfke jeh tbi pktietfjl `ieicfts tbirikc% Bieoi, rihuofed tbisi

    `jrrfirs eiihs tk `i j bfdb prfkrfty ke tbi jdiehjs kc okestftuiet

    dkviregiets jeh ridfkejl festftutfkes% Xbi aiy fssuis jeh

    fgpihfgiets ixjgfeih biri feoluhi pbysfojl trjespkrt fecrjstruoturi,

    ieirdy fecrjstruoturi jeh trjhfed, trjhi cjoflftjtfke, cfejeofed kc

    fecrjstruoturi, trjhi jeh fevistgiet pklfoy rickrgs, jeh festftutfkejl

    jspiots%2 Ti jhhriss ijob kc tbisi `ilkw%

    2 Feckrgjtfke jeh okgguefojtfke tiobeklkdy "FOX&, jltbkudb jlsk fgpkrtjet, fs ekt

    feoluhih fe tbfs stuhy%

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    :% ^bysfojl Xrjespkrt FecrjstruoturiFgprkvfed pbysfojl okeeiotfvfty fe _kutb Jsfj jeh _kutbijst

    Jsfj fs je fgpkrtjet stip tk drijtir iokekgfo fetidrjtfke% Dfvietbi hfvirsi dikdrjpby jeh rjedi kc jpplfoj`li trjespkrt gkhis fe

    tbi twk su`ridfkes, jssissgiet jeh pljeefed kc trjespkrt eiihs

    riqufri j ridfkejl jeh gultfgkhjl pirspiotfvi tbjt feoluhis ljeh,

    jfr, jeh gjrftfgi trjespkrt% Aiy pbysfojl `jrrfirs kr bfehrjeois tk

    orkss'su`ridfkejl trjhi jri lkojtih gjfely fe Gyjegjr, tbi kely ljeh

    `rfhdi `itwiie tbisi su`ridfkes, wbfli ktbir djps jri fhietfcfih fe

    @jedljhisb, Ojg`khfj, Fehfj, tbi Ljk ^ikplis Higkorjtfo Pipu`lfo

    "Ljk ^HP& jeh Xbjfljeh% Gjmkr pkrts fe tbi jrij succir crkg eugirkus

    okestrjfets ke ojpjofty, iccfofieoy, jeh okeeiotfvfty tk rkjh jeh

    rjfl eitwkras% J eug`ir kc aiy stuhfis prkvfhi tbi `jsis ckr tbisi

    jssissgiets, feoluhfed JH@ "0>>2&, JH@ "0>::j&, JH@ "0>:?`&, IPFJ

    "0>:>&, _JJPO "0>>3&, YEI_OJ^ "0>>3& jeh YEI_OJ^ "0>::&%

    _ivirjl `kttlieioas bjvi `iie fhietfcfih fe rkjh eitwkra lfeas

    `itwiie _kutb jeh _kutbijst Jsfj% Ckr festjeoi, fe tbi Jsfje Bfdbwjy

    tbi ckllkwfed `kttlieioas ixfst= "f& fe Fehfj, 8?: aflkgitirs "ag& jri

    oljss FFF rkjhs kr `ilkw1 "ff& fe @jedljhisb, 22 ag kc rkjhs jri oljss FFF

    kr `ilkw1 jeh "fff& fe Gyjegjr, kvir :,>>> ag jri oljss FFF kr `ilkw%

    Xbfs gijes tbjt j`kut 9:) kc tbi tktjl liedtb kc tbi Jsfje Bfdbwjy fe

    _kutb jeh _kutbijst Jsfj jri oljss FFF kr `ilkw rkjhs, fehfojtfed guobsokpi ckr fgprkvigiet kc tbi orkss'su`ridfkejl rkjh eitwkra%

    Tftb rispiot tk tbi fetrj'ridfkejl rjfl eitwkra, tbi Xrjes'Jsfje

    Pjflwjy "XJP& eitwkra feoluhis j`kut :>,9>> ag kc gfssfed lfeas

    wbfob eiih tk i okestruotih tk prkvfhi ckr je ue`rkaie XJP eitwkra%

    Xbiri jri ek ixfstfed rjflwjy lfeas itwiie tbi DG_ okuetrfis, wftb tbi

    ixoiptfke kc j okeeiotfke `itwiie ^PO jeh Sfit Ejg, kr `itwiie DG_

    jeh _kutb Jsfj% Gkrikvir, tbi feokgpjtf`flfty kc djudis "trjoa wfhtbs&

    fe Fehfj, @jedljhisb, Xbjfljeh jeh Gyjegjr gijes tbjt trjessbfpgiet

    wfll `i riqufrih ivie jctir tbrkudb rjfl lfeas jri hivilkpih% Istfgjtis

    suddist tbiri jri j`kut 0,86? ag kc orftfojl gfssfed rjflwjy lfeas fe

    tbi XJP okeeiotfed _kutb jeh _kutbijst Jsfj% _kgi kc tbi gfssfed

    rjflwjy lfeas oje `i ckueh fe tbi ckllkwfed rkutis=

    Mfrf`jg "Fehfj&Ajljy "Gyjegjr&

    Xbje`byuzjyjt "Gyjegjr&Ejgtka "Xbjfljeh&

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    Kvirvfiw

    Sfietfjei "Ljk ^HP&Gu Dfj "Sfit Ejg&Sued Je

    @jt Hied "Ojg`khfj&Lko Efeb "Sfit Ejg&Bk Obf Gfeb Ofty

    Pidjrhfed sijpkrts, stuhfis bjvi fhietfcfih prk`ligs wftb cjoflftfis,kpirjtfkejl iccfofieoy, jeh okeeiotfvfty `itwiie sijpkrts jeh rjflwjy

    jeh rkjh eitwkras% Xbi ckllkwfed prk`ligs wiri k`sirvih fe gjmkr

    pkrts=

    Obfttjdked ^krt "@jedljhisb&tbi sfzi kc vissils tbjt jri j`li tk ojll

    fs lfgftih `y tbi wfhtb jeh ourvjturi kc tbi Ajrejpbulf Pfvir% Pjfl

    jeh rkjh trjccfo `itwiie Obfttjdked ^krt jeh Hbjaj jlsk orijtih

    siviri `kttlieioas%

    Vjedke ^krt "Gyjegjr&lfgftih jooissf`flfty tk ljrdi vissils, pkkr

    rkjh okehftfkes itwiie tbi Xbfljwj pkrt jrij jeh tbi rfhdi lijhfed

    tk Vjedke, bfdb oketjfeir objrdis, k`skliti cjoflftfis fe Vjedke pkrt,

    criquiet `ljoakuts jeh fesuccfofiet dieirjtkrs, jeh ljoa kc ojrdk

    iqufpgiet jri jgked tbi gjmkr prk`ligs fe tbfs pkrt%

    Gultfgkhjl okrrfhkrs ig`rjoi gultfpli gkhis kc trjespkrt, wbfli

    iokekgfo okrrfhkrs tjai je fetidrjtih jpprkjob tk fecrjstruoturi jlked

    siliotih rkutis tk gjxfgfzi lkdfstfojl iccfofieoy% Fe tbi ojsi kc DG_

    iokekgfo okrrfhkrs, sivirjl djps jeh eiw okrrfhkrs jri fhietfcfih% Ckr

    festjeoi, j ektj`li djp fs fhietfcfih jlked tbi Tistire Okrrfhkr, tfih

    fe wftb tbi ixtiesfke kc tbi IjstTist Okrrfhkr crkg Ajwajrifa tk^yjdyf ke tbi Tistire Okrrfhkr% Istj`lfsbfed tbfs lfea wfll tbus okeeiot

    tbi Tistire Okrrfhkr, wbfob lfeas tk Fehfj jt Xjgu, tk tbi Ijst Tist

    Okrrfhkr% Curtbirgkri, j eiw DG_ okrrfhkr tbjt bjs `iie prkpksih

    fs tbi GyjegjrLjk ^HPSfit Ejg Xrfljtirjl IjstTist Okrrfhkr,

    wbfob wkulh rue ekrtb kc jeh pjrjllil tk tbi Ijst Tist Okrrfhkr% Ft

    wkulh okeeiot Ayjuapbyu jlked tbi @jy kc @iedjl "wbfob fs `ifed

    prkpksih ckr tbi hivilkpgiet kc j hiip sij pkrt& wftb tbi ijstire ieh

    jt Bjf ^bked fe Sfit Ejg% Fe Gyjegjr, ft wkulh ixtieh :,?8> ag crkg

    Ayjuapbyu tk Ayjfedljt% Ft wkulh tbie ixtieh ?40 ag fe tbi Ljk ^HP

    crkg tbi `krhir `rfhdi tk Xjf Obje, jeh jektbir 93: ag fe Sfit Ejg

    crkg tbi `krhir tk Bjf ^bked%

    Xbi _kutb Jsfj Jsskofjtfke ckr Pidfkejl Okkpirjtfke "_JJPO&

    Pidfkejl Gultfgkhjl Xrjespkrt _tuhy "_PGX_& "_JJPO 0>>3& wjs

    feftfjtih tk iebjeoi gultfgkhjl trjespkrt okeeiotfvfty jgked gig`ir

    stjtis% ^bjsi F kc tbi stuhy fhietfcfih :> Pidfkejl Pkjh Okrrfhkrs, 9

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    Pidfkejl Pjfl Okrrfhkrs, 0 Pidfkejl Feljeh Tjtirwjys Okrrfhkrs, :>

    Gjrftfgi Djtiwjys jeh :3 Jvfjtfke Djtiwjys tbjt okulh sirvi js

    _JJPO okrrfhkrs ckr fetir'okuetry gkvigiet%

    J eug`ir kc sftis fe Gyjegjr jri ojehfhjtis tk `i hivilkpihjs hiipwjtir pkrts ckr sij'ljeh okrrfhkrs okeeiotfed Fehfj jeh

    J_IJE suob js tbi Giaked'Fehfj Iokekgfo Okrrfhkr "GFIO&% Xbfs

    gjrftfgi okrrfhkr wfll `i lfeaih crkg Fehfje pkrts tk ljeh trjespkrt

    okeeiotfvfty fevklvfed tbi `rkjh hicfeftfke kc tbi DG_ _kutbire

    Okrrfhkr rueefed crkg Sued Xju jeh Bk Obf Gfeb Ofty fe Sfit Ejg,

    ^bekg ^ieb fe Ojg`khfj, @jedaka fe Xbjfljeh, jeh curtbir tk Hjwif

    pkrt fe Gyjegjr%

    0% Ieirdy Fecrjstruoturi jeh XrjhfedXbiri jri su`stjetfjl kppkrtueftfis ckr orkss'su`ridfkejl ieirdy

    trjhfed `itwiie _kutb Jsfj jeh _kutbijst Jsfj% Tbfli sfdefcfojet

    livils kc fetrjridfkejl ieirdy tjai pljoi wftbfe `ktb su`ridfkes, orkss'

    su`ridfkejl ieirdy trjhfed fs stfll tk i tjppih% Xbi gjfe kppkrtueftfis

    ckr ieirdy trjhfed itwiie _kutb jeh _kutbijst Jsfj lfi fe tbi jrijs kc

    iliotrfo "gjfely byhrkiliotrfo& pkwir jeh djs pfpilfeis, plus pkklfed

    jeh fetirokeeiotfke kc iliotrfo pkwir drfhs% Gyjegjr bjs je fgpkrtjet

    pktietfjl rkli tk pljy fe ieirdy trjhfed, dfvie fts su`stjetfjl risirvis kc

    byhrkiliotrfo pkwir ojpjofty jeh ejturjl djs, plus fts orftfojl pksftfkejs j pfpilfei lkojtfke% "Xk `i suri, Gyjegjrs iliotrfcfojtfke rjtfk fs je

    istfgjtih 03), sk ckr tbi eijr' tk gihfug'tirg, hkgistfo supply gjy

    `i prfkrftfzih kvir trjhfed jorkss `krhirs%& Xbi aiy objlliedi wfll `i

    tk hivilkp `ktb tbi pbysfojl jeh festftutfkejl fecrjstruoturis tbjt oje

    iej`li suob trjhfed tk tjai pljoi%

    Jgked tbi fhietfcfih `jrrfirs tk orkss'su`ridfkejl ieirdy trjhfed

    jri=

    tiobefojl `jrrfirs, fe pjrtfouljr drfh syeobrkefzjtfke jeh drfh okhis

    tk iliotrfo pkwir jeh ejturjl djs pfpilfei tiobeklkdy1

    pktietfjl hfccfoulty fe eidktfjtfkes ckr trjhfed jrrjedigiets risultfed

    crkg vjryfed livils kc iokekgfo hivilkpgiet jeh hfcciriet siourfty

    okeoires1

    fecrjstruoturi jeh cfejeofjl `jrrfirs1

    riduljtkry `jrrfirs jeh hfstkrtih ieirdy prfofed jeh su`sfhy

    ridfgis1

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    Xrjhi "_JCI Crjgiwkra&, tbi J_IJE _fedli Tfehkw, jeh tbi JH@'

    suppkrtih DG_ ^rkdrjg ke trjhi jeh trjespkrt cjoflftjtfke%

    Xbi J_IJE _fedli Tfehkw feftfjtfvi fs ekw `ifed fgpligietih

    jeh gig`ir okuetrfis jri iedjdih fe rijlfzfed tbfs feftfjtfvi% Okuetry'livil trjhi cjoflftjtfke prkdrjgs jri jlsk `ifed uehirtjaie fe _kutb

    Jsfj tk jooihi tk tbi Pivfsih Ayktk Okevietfke jeh tk gkhirefzi

    oustkgs gjejdigiet jeh jhgfefstrjtfke% JH@ fs jotfvily fevklvih fe

    prkvfhfed suppkrt ckr riduljtkry rickrgs jfgih jt fgprkvfed oustkgs

    kpirjtfkes%

    8% Cfejeofed FecrjstruoturiCfejeofed fecrjstruoturi prkmiots fe tbi ridfke prisiets gjey

    objlliedis, ivie gkri sk ckr orkss'`krhir prkmiots wbiri tbi okuetrfis

    fevklvih bjvi hfcciriet cfejeofjl ojpjofty, livils kc hivilkpgiet,

    jeh prkspiotfvi `ieicfts crkg tbi prkmiots% Xwk gjmkr `jrrfirs ckr

    fecrjstruoturi cfejeofed jri lfgftih livils kc hkgistfo cfejeofjl

    ojpjofty jeh ridfkejl cfejeofjl fetidrjtfke%

    Hkgistfo cfejeofjl ojpjofty% Kvirjll jvjflj`flfty kc cfejeoi ckr

    fecrjstruoturi fs lfgftih `y uehirhivilkpih ejtfkejl jeh ridfkejl

    cfejeofjl gjraits% Gjmkr rijskes ckr ljoa kc cfejeofjl siotkr

    hivilkpgiet feoluhi ljoa kc rickrgs fe oketrjotujl sjvfeds jeh j

    dieirjl riluotjeoi tk jllkw ckrifde jeas jeh cfejeofjl festftutfkes tkpjrtfofpjti fe uflhfed lkojl ojpftjl gjraits% Gkrikvir, keh gjraits

    fe `ktb su`ridfkes bjvi ejrrkw fevistkr `jsis jeh lkw lfqufhfty fe

    siokehjry gjraits% Lkedir tirg festftutfkejl sjvfeds fe piesfkes,

    prkvfhiet cuehs, jeh fesurjeoi bjvi riduljtkry okestrjfets wbfob

    priviet tbig crkg fevistfed fe fecrjstruoturi jssits jeh ojsb'clkw'

    `joaih `kehs crkg fecrjstruoturi prkmiots% Xbi `jeafed siotkr

    hkgfejtis okggirofjl orihft ut kctie fs uesuftj`li ckr tbi lked'tirg

    liehfed riqufrih `y okggirofjl fecrjstruoturi prkmiots% Festftutfkes

    tk suppkrt pu`lfoprfvjti pjrteirsbfps "^^^s& fe fecrjstruoturi

    prkmiots jri dieirjlly uehirhivilkpih%

    Pidfkejl cfejeofjl fetidrjtfke stfll lfgftih% Ejtfkejl sjvfeds jeh

    ckrifde ixobjedi risirvis tieh tk `i pjraih fe Yeftih _tjtis "Y_&

    jeh Iurkpije dkviregiet siourftfis js j risult kc ljoa kc cfejeofjl

    fetidrjtfke fe tbi ridfke% _kgi okuetrfis fe tbi ridfke bjvi ljrdi

    sjvfeds, bfdb rigfttjeois, jeh sfdefcfojet ckrifde ixobjedi risirvis1

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    xvfff

    Kvirvfiw

    bieoi, tbi objlliedi fs bkw tk cjoflftjti jpprkprfjti cfejeofjl

    fetirgihfjtfke ckr fecrjstruoturi fevistgiets% Xbi kptfkes ckr

    cfejeofed okeeiotfvfty fecrjstruoturi eiih tk `i ixpjehih tk feoluhi

    pu`lfo cfejeoi, kcc'`uhdit cfejeofed, ^^^s, cfejeofjl fetirgihfjryliehfed, lkojl ourrieoy `keh gjraits, jeh ridfkejl fecrjstruoturi

    cuehs jeh cjoflftfis% Xbi J_IJE Fecrjstruoturi Cueh "JFC& fs jlrijhy

    jotfvi fe tbfs jrij, jeh okulh `i ixpjehih tk `iokgi je Jsfje

    fecrjstruoturi fevistgiet cueh%

    9% Xrjhi jeh Fevistgiet ^klfoy PickrgsXjrfccs jeh EX@s oketfeui tk okestrjfe tbi sokpi ckr trjhi jeh

    fevistgiet `itwiie _kutb Jsfj jeh _kutbijst Jsfj% Tbfli tjrfcc

    `jrrfirs bjvi dieirjlly cjllie wftb tbi ixirofsi kc gkst cjvkrih ejtfke

    "GCE& rjtis, tbi jpplfojtfke kc pricirietfjl tjrfcc rjtis, wbfob jri lkwir

    tbje GCE tjrfcc rjtis, bjs ekt `iie sfdefcfojet% Xbi icciotfvily jpplfih

    tjrfcc rjtis "IJXPs& ke orkss'su`ridfkejl trjhi `y `ktb su`ridfkes

    jri riljtfvily olksi tk tbi GCE jpplfih tjrfcc rjtis, wbfob gijes tbjt

    tbiri fs stfll jgpli rkkg ckr rihuofed tjrfcc `jrrfirs `itwiie tbi twk

    su`ridfkes js j gijes kc `kkstfed trjhi, CHF, jeh iokekgfo drkwtb%

    Je istfgjtih 49)2>) kc EX@s tbjt hfsorfgfejti jdjfest ckrifde

    okggirofjl fetirists rigjfe fe ckroi% Xbi ljrdist iokekgfis fe tbi

    ridfke jlsk jri tbi gkst jotfvi fe fgpksfed EX@s% Fe _kutb Jsfj, Fehfjwjs rispkesf`li ckr 23 kut kc 66 hfsorfgfejtkry eke'tjrfcc gijsuris,

    ckllkwih `y ^jafstje jeh _rf Ljeaj% Fe _kutbijst Jsfj, Fehkeisfj

    jookuetih ckr 90 kut kc 60 gijsuris, ckllkwih `y Sfit Ejg jeh gkri

    jhvjeoih iokekgfis%

    Ixpjehfed `rkjh'`jsih CXJs `itwiie tbi twk su`ridfkes fs j

    gijes tk rihuoi `jrrfirs tk trjhi jeh fevistgiet js will js tk prkvfhi

    je ievfrkegiet ckr drijtir okeeiotfvfty% Fe Ekvig`ir 0>:0, J_IJE

    gig`irs jeh tbifr CXJ pjrteirs jdriih tk eidktfjti je POI^% Ourrietly,

    Fehfj fs tbi kely _kutb Jsfje okuetry tk mkfe tbi eidktfjtfkes, `ut

    ktbir _kutb Jsfje okuetrfis gjy mkfe tbi prkoiss fe tbi cuturi%

    3% Festftutfkes@uflhfed festftutfkes tbjt wfll fgprkvi orkss'su`ridfkejl

    okkrhfejtfke jeh jhhriss okkrhfejtfke djps fe jrijs suob js okkpirjtfvi

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    pljeefed jeh fgpligietjtfke prkoissis fs j gjmkr objlliedi% Ejtfkejl

    livil okkrhfejtfke jlkei fs jlrijhy je jrhukus prkoiss, `ut prk`ligs

    rfsi dikgitrfojlly wbie okkrhfejtfke pklfofis eiih tk `i hivilkpih

    jorkss twk kr gkri okuetrfis sfeoi tbisi fevklvi tbi okkrhfejtfke kchfvirsi pklftfojl jeh lidjl systigs, iokekgfo festftutfkes, jeh ivie

    skofkoulturjl trjhftfkes%

    Olksfed okkrhfejtfke djps fe _kutb jeh _kutbijst Jsfje okkpirjtfke

    jeh fetidrjtfke wfll riqufri ritkklfed ixfstfed festftutfkes jeh

    orijtfed eiw keis tk cjoflftjti iokekgfo lfeas, fhietfcy jeh prfkrftfzi

    igirdfed jeh lked'rue k`stjolis tk orkss'su`ridfkejl okeeiotfvfty

    jeh okkpirjtfke, jeh bilp oketrf`uti tk sklutfkes% J prjdgjtfo wjy

    tk stjrt gjy `i tk ckous ke spiofcfo ridfkejl prkmiots jeh tk okeviei

    prkmiot'spiofcfo tiobefojl wkrafed drkups tk kvirsii tbi pljeefed

    jeh fgpligietjtfke kc tbi prkmiots% Xbisi prkmiots okulh, fe ture, `i

    feoluhih fe tbi jdiehj kc giitfeds kc tbi rilivjet DG_ jeh _J_IO

    wkrafed drkups% Js sioritjrfjt kc `ktb DG_ jeh _J_IO, JH@ sbkulh

    `i j`li tk bilp wftb tbfs prkoiss%

    Fgplfojtfkes jeh Eixt _tips ckrtbi _tuhy

    Xbfs fetirfg ripkrt kc tbi stuhy kc _kutb jeh _kutbijst Jsfje

    okeeiotfvfty bfdblfdbts tbi iokekgfo tfis `itwiie tbi twk su`ridfkes

    jeh tbi aiy rkli kc pbysfojl okeeiotfvfty jeh jsskofjtih skctwjri

    fe striedtbiefed orkss'su`ridfkejl iokekgfo fetidrjtfke% Xbrii

    fgplfojtfkes crkg tbi prilfgfejry risijrob hkei tk hjti jri wkrtb

    ektfed% Cfrst, guob fs jlrijhy bjppiefed fe riljtfke tk striedtbiefed

    iokekgfo tfis `itwiie tbi twk su`ridfkes, `ut ft fs ekt iekudb, jeh

    okesfhirj`li pktietfjl ixfsts ckr striedtbiefed iokekgfo tfis% _iokeh,

    tbiri jri su`stjetfjl iokekgfo `ieicfts tk drijtir orkss'su`ridfkejl

    fetidrjtfke, `ut pkssf`li oksts wfll eiih tk `i gftfdjtih% Xbfrh, je

    fetidrjtih jeh `rkjh'`jsih jpprkjob tk okeeiotfvfty fs eiihih tk

    gkvi ckrwjrh% _uob je jpprkjob wkulh feoluhi fevistgiet fe orkss'

    `krhir trjespkrt jeh ieirdy fecrjstruoturi, fgprkvigiets fe trjhi

    cjoflftjtfke, hivilkpgiet kc fecrjstruoturi cfejeofed jt ejtfkejl jeh

    ridfkejl livils, fgpligietjtfke kc trjhi jeh fevistgiet rickrgs,

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    xx

    Kvirvfiw

    jeh `uflhfed festftutfkes tbjt wfll fgprkvi okkrhfejtfke jeh jhhriss

    okkrhfejtfke djps%

    Xbi eixt stips ckr tbi stuhy jri prkpksih tk feoluhi=

    Gjppfed kc trjhi jeh ieirdy fecrjstruoturi pjttires jorkss _kutbjeh _kutbijst Jsfj jeh fhietfcfojtfke kc fecrjstruoturi fevistgiet

    prkmiots%

    Gkhilfed `ieicfts jeh oksts kc iebjeoih orkss'su`ridfkejl

    iokekgfo fetidrjtfke usfed okgputj`li dieirjl iquflf`rfug "ODI&

    jeh iokekgitrfo gkhillfed gitbkhs%

    Bfdblfdbtfed tbi stjti kc fecrjstruoturi cfejeofed jeh pkssf`li

    kptfkes%

    Jssissfed `jrrfirs tk orkss'su`ridfkejl trjhi jeh fevistgiet jeh

    tbi prkspiots ckr lf`irjlfzjtfke jt tbi ejtfkejl jeh ridfkejl livils%

    Ivjlujtfed okkrhfejtfke djps jeh jpprkprfjti festftutfkejl

    sklutfkes%

    Ixjgfejtfke kc tbi pklftfojl iokekgy kc je jdiehj ckr striedtbiefed

    festftutfkes tk prkgkti `ittir okeeiotfvfty jeh olksir iokekgfo

    riljtfkes `itwiie _kutb jeh _kutbijst Jsfj%

    Jssissgiets kc siliotih okuetrfis okehftfkes, eiihs, jeh strjtidfis

    ckr orkss'su`ridfkejl iokekgfo okkpirjtfke tbrkudb okeeiotfvfty%

    Xbi gjfe stuhy ripkrt fs ixpiotih tk `i okgplitih fe 0>:8%

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    J``rivfjtfkes jeh

    Jorkeygs

    JO Jltirejti Ourriet

    JOFJ J_IJE Okgpribiesfvi Fevistgiet Jrij

    JH@ Jsfje Hivilkpgiet @jea

    JH@F Jsfje Hivilkpgiet @jea Festftuti

    JIO J_IJE Iokekgfo Okgguefty

    JCXJ J_IJE Crii'trjhi Jrij "JCXJ&

    JB Jsfje Bfdbwjy

    JBE J_IJE Bfdbwjy Eitwkra

    JFC J_IJE Fecrjstruoturi Cueh

    JFC Jsfje Fecrjstruoturi Cueh

    JLXFH Jsfje Ljeh Xrjespkrt Fecrjstruoturi Hivilkpgiet

    JPFO Jsfj Pidfkejl Fetidrjtfke Oietir

    J_IJE Jsskofjtfke kc _kutbijst Jsfje Ejtfkes

    @FG_XIO @jy kc @iedjl Feftfjtfvi ckr Gultf'_iotkrjl Xiobefojl

    jeh Iokekgfo Okkpirjtfke@XFL_ @FG_XIO Xrjespkrt Fecrjstruoturi jeh Lkdfstfos

    _tuhy

    OI^IJ Okgpribiesfvi Iokekgfo ^jrteirsbfp fe Ijst Jsfj

    ODI Okgputj`li Dieirjl Iquflf`rfug

    O^F_ Okkrhfejtih ^krtcklfk Fevistgiet _urviy

    HTX Hijhwifdbt Xkeejdi

    IJXP Icciotfvily Jpplfih Xjrfcc Pjti

    I^C Iliotrfo ^kwir Ckrug

    IPFJ Iokekgfo Pisijrob Festftuti ckr J_IJE jeh Ijst

    Jsfj

    IY Iurkpije Yefke

    ITO Ijst'Tist Okrrfhkr

    ITIO Ijst'Tist Iokekgfo Okrrfhkr

    CHF Ckrifde Hfriot Fevistgiet

    CXJ Crii Xrjhi Jdriigiet

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    xxff

    J``rivfjtfkes jeh Jorkeygs

    DH^ Drkss Hkgistfo ^rkhuot

    DG_ Drijtir Giaked _u`ridfke

    DXJ Dlk`jl Xrjhi Jlirt

    BH_ Bjlhfj Hkoa _ystigBSHO Bfdb Skltjdi Hfriot Ourriet

    FOX Feckrgjtfke jeh okgguefojtfke tiobeklkdy

    FDJ Fetir'Dkviregiet Jdriigiet

    FGXXB FehfjGyjegjrXbjfljeh Xrfljtirjl Bfdbwjy

    FGC Fetirejtfkejl Gkeitjry Cueh

    AH_ Aklajtj Hkoa _ystig

    GCE Gkst Cjvkrih Ejtfke

    GDO GiakedDjedj Okkpirjtfke

    GFIO Giaked'Fehfj Iokekgfo Okrrfhkr

    EJCXJ Ekrtb Jgirfoje Crii Xrjhi Jdriigiet

    EX@ Eke'Xjrfcc @jrrfir

    E_IO Ekrtb'_kutb Iokekgfo Okrrfhkr

    KIOH Krdjefzjtfke ckr Iokekgfo Okkpirjtfke jeh

    Hivilkpgiet

    ^^^ ^u`lfo^rfvjti ^jrteirsbfp

    ^PO ^ikplis Pipu`lfo kc Obfej

    ^XKJ ^kwir Xrjhi Kpirjtfed Jdriigiet

    POI^ Pidfkejl Okgpribiesfvi Iokekgfo ^jrteirsbfp

    POF Pidfkejl Okkpirjtfke jeh FetidrjtfkePFC Pidfkejl Fevistgiet Crjgiwkra

    P^OO Pidfkejl ^kwir Okkrhfejtfke Oietir

    _J _kutb Jsfj

    _JJPO _kutb Jsfj Jsskofjtfke ckr Pidfkejl Okkpirjtfke

    _JCI _iouri jeh Cjoflftjti Xrjhi

    _J'_IJ _kutb Jsfj_kutb Ijst Jsfj

    _J_IO _kutb Jsfj _u`ridfkejl Iokekgfo Okkpirjtfke

    _IJ _kutbijst Jsfj

    _IO _kutbire Iokekgfo Okrrfhkr

    _I] _piofjl Iokekgfo ]kei

    _^S _piofjl ^urpksi Sibfoli

    _PX_ _JJPO Pidfkejl Gultfgkhjl Xrjespkrt _trjtidy

    _tuhy

    XJP Xrjes'Jsfje Pjflwjy

    XIY Xwiety'Ckkt Iqufvjliet Oketjfeir Yefts

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    J``rivfjtfkes jeh Jork

    XXP Xrjesft Xrjespkrt Pkutis

    YA Yeftih Afedhkg

    YEI_OJ^ Yeftih Ejtfkes Iokekgfo jeh _kofjl Okggfssfke

    ckr Jsfj jeh tbi ^jofcfoY_ Yeftih _tjtis

    S^KJ Sfietfjei ^lje kc Jotfke

    TXK Tkrlh Xrjhi Krdjefzjtfke

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    : Orkss'_u`ridfkejl

    Iokekgfo Xfis,@ieits, jeh Oksts

    :%: Xrjhi Lfeas

    Xbi drkwtb kc _kutb jeh _kutbijst Jsfje orkss'su`ridfkejl trjhi

    kvir tfgi bjs `iie rigjraj`li, crkg viry lfttli "(8 `fllfke& fe :66>

    tk j okesfhirj`li jgkuet "(23 `fllfke& fe 0>::, je feorijsi kc jlgkst

    00 tfgis "Cfduri :&% @ktb su`ridfkes ig`rjoih kutwjrh'krfietih

    rickrgs tk hiipie lfeas wftb tbi dlk`jl iokekgy kvir tbfs pirfkh%

    Crkg 0>>> tk 0>::, icciotfvi jpplfih gjeucjoturfed tjrfccs cill crkg

    :8) tk ::) fe _kutb Jsfj jeh ::) tk 4) fe _kutbijst Jsfj, gjafedtbi ljttir su`ridfke jrduj`ly tbi gkst kpie fe tbi hivilkpfed wkrlh

    "Cfduri 0&% Xbfs lf`irjlfzjtfke bjs `iie je fgpkrtjet hrfvir `ibfeh tbi

    fetirejtfkejlfzjtfke kc tbisi iokekgfis1 ckr ixjgpli, tbi ixpkrts tk

    DH^ rjtfk kc J_IJE rksi tk 94) jeh tbjt kc Fehfj feorijsih tk :2) "JH@

    0>:?j&% Orkss'su`ridfkejl trjhi drkwtb wjs ivie cjstir= _kutbijst

    Jsfjs sbjri kc _kutb Jsfje trjhi rksi slfdbtly crkg ::) tk :0),

    wbirijs _kutb Jsfjs sbjri kc _kutbijst Jsfje trjhi hku`lih crkg

    j`kut 0) tk 8) "Cfduri ?&% Xbfs suddists tbjt wbfli orkss'su`ridfkejl

    trjhi fs riljtfvily lkw okgpjrih tk trjhi wftb tbi rist kc tbi wkrlh ckr

    `ktb su`ridfkes, ft bjs rfsie crkg `ifed cjfrly fesfdefcfojet tk `ifed

    fgpkrtjet tk `ktb su`ridfkes, pjrtfouljrly _kutb Jsfj% Fe cjot, _kutb

    jeh _kutbijst Jsfje trjhi fs 0%9 tfgis ljrdir tbje fetrj'_kutb Jsfje

    trjhi "Xj`li :&% Fetrj'_kutbijst Jsfje trjhi fs guob bfdbir, jt j`kut

    09) kc fts tktjl trjhi, `ut tbfs sbjri bjs `iie riljtfvily stijhy kvir

    tbi pjst twk hiojhis%

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    Ekti= Cfduris ripkrtih `y fgpkrtirs%

    _kuroi= YE Okgtrjhi "bttp=++okgtrjhi%ue%krd+h`+Qjooissih Gjrob 0>:?W&%

    9 3

    8 8

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    9 9 9

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    _kutb Jsfj wftb _kutbijst Jsfj Xktjl Xrjhi "Pipkrtih `y _kutbijst Jsfj Iokekgfis&

    Cfduri := Xktjl Xrjhi itwiie _kutb jeh _kutbijst Jsfj, :66>0>:: "( `fllfke&

    0

    Okeeiotfed _kutb Jsfj jeh _kutbijst Jsfj= Fetirfg Pipkrt

    Kei wjy tk djudi wbitbir orkss'su`ridfkejl trjhi fs

    uehirpirckrgfed wkulh `i tk utflfzi je iokekgitrfo gkhil kc trjhi

    hitirgfejtfke tbjt jllkws sipjrjtfke kc ridfkejl jeh eke'ridfkejlicciots% Xbi gkst pkpuljr gkhil fe fetirejtfkejl trjhi lftirjturi

    usih ckr tbfs purpksi fs tbi drjvfty gkhil, wbfob pksfts `fljtirjl

    trjhi clkws tk `i j cueotfke kc hfstjeoi'riljtih vjrfj`lis, iokekgfo

    objrjotirfstfos kc tbi trjhfed iokekgfis, jeh jhhftfkejl ixpljejtkry

    vjrfj`lis, feoluhfed `fejry cfxih'icciot "kr huggy& vjrfj`lis lfai

    ridfkes% @y fskljtfed fecluieois `iykeh pktietfjl ridfkejl icciots, suob

    je jpprkjob jllkws us tk hitirgfei wbitbir trjhfed wftb j ridfke

    lijhs tk j pksftfvi kr eidjtfvi `fjs% Kei suob stuhy kc _kutb Jsfje

    trjhi istfgjtis j stjtfstfojlly sfdefcfojet, pksftfvi _kutbijst Jsfje

    icciot= kvir 0>>?0>>2, tbi jutbkrs istfgjti tbjt _kutb Jsfje trjhi

    wftb J_IJE wjs 0%8 tfgis bfdbir tbje kei wkulh ixpiot, oketrkllfed

    ckr jll ktbir vjrfj`lis "Jabtir jeh Dbjef 0>:>&%: Xbfs wkulh suddist

    : Jabtir jeh Dbjef "0>:>, Xj`li 8& ekti tbjt tbi istfgjti okiccfofiet ke tbi J_IJE `fejry

    vjrfj`li fs >%2261 tk fecir tbi jotujl trjhi `fjs, kei gust tjai tbi ixpkeiet kc >%226, wbfob fs

    0%8?%

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    Ekti= _J 7 _kutb Jsfj1 _IJ 7 _kutbijst Jsfj%

    Okgputih usfed sfgpli jvirjdi%

    _kuroi= XPJFE_ Hjtj`jsi "bttp=++www%ueotjh%fek+ie+Xrjhi'Jejlysfs'@rjeob+Hjtj'Jeh'_tjtfstfos+

    XPJFE_TFX_+ Qjooissih Gjrob 0>:?W&%

    _J'Tkrlh

    _

    J'_

    IJ

    _J'_

    J

    _IJ'Tkrlh

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    IJ'_

    J

    _I

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    J'_

    IJ

    09

    0>

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    :>

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    >

    0>>> 0>::

    Jdrfoulturi Gjeujoturi

    Cfduri 0= _kutb jeh _kutbijst Jsfj Iciotfvily Jpplfih Xjrfcs,

    0>>> jeh 0>:: ")&

    ::%:)::%0) ::%8) ::%?)

    :0%0)

    :%4):%3) :%?)

    ?%>)?%4)

    :8

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    :663+64 0>>>+>:0>>4+>2 0>:>+::

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    ::%:)::%0) ::%8) ::%?)

    :0%0)

    :%4):%3) :%?)

    ?%>)?%4)

    _IJ'_J

    Cfduri ?= _bjri k _kutb jeh _kutbijst Jsfj Orkss'_u`ridfkejl

    Xrjhi tk Xbifr Xktjl Xrjhi, :66>0>::

    Ekti= _J 7 _kutb Jsfj1 _IJ 7 _kutbijst Jsfj%

    Cfduris ripkrtih `y fgpkrtirs% Vijr rjedis riir tk cejeofjl yijr `idfeefed fe Jprfl k tbi ijrlfir

    yijr%

    _kuroi= YE Okgtrjhi"bttp=++okgtrjhi%ue%krd+h`+ Qjooissih Gjrob 0>:?W&%

    Orkss'_u`ridfkejl Iokekgfo Xfis, @ieits, jeh

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    Xj`li := Sjlui k Girobjehfsi Xrjhi itwiie _kutb jeh _kutbijst Jsfj, :66>0>:: "( `fllfke&

    Iokekgfis

    Fgpkrts Xktjl Xrjhi

    _kutb Jsfj _kutbijst Jsfj _kutb Jsfj _kutbijst Jsfj

    :66>+>: 0>>>+>: 0>:>+:: :66>+>: 0>>>+>: 0>:>+:: :66>+>: 0>>>+>: 0>:>+:: :66>+>: 0>>>+>: 0>:>+::

    _kutb Jsfj 429 0,423 :0,?9: 0,>2> 8,:02 08,:48 680 0,4:6 :3,6?? ?,9:0 :>,:08 98,346

    Jdbjefstje :2 93 ?>: > 0 > 8: :3> 0,30? 44 :3 094

    @jedljhisb 99 ::8 920 92 :90 0?8 800 :,>3> 8,>24 9?2 :,899 9,630

    Fehfj 80> :,223 2,442 :,3:8 ?,846 00,36? 4: ?>8 :,8?: :,942 3,0?: ?6,???

    Gjlhfvis 2 ?? 8: 00 6 8: :9 69 :3: :>? :4: 848

    Eipjl 00 ?>6 9>6 9 6 9 36 :32 0,0?? 42 :?9 0:>

    ^jafstje :68 083 :,?6: ?>2 ?90 483 62 002 0,:6? 362 :,:?6 9,444

    _rf Ljeaj 32 :80 482 4? :08 899 003 4>? 8,0>4 88> 642 0,333

    _kutbijst Jsfj 0,926 2,093 8?,2?2 09,3:9 42,:2: 0?0,488 :,89? ?,968 ?>,:68 02,4:3 6:,>3> 049,?>9

    @rueif Hjr% > > 894 ?6: 36? :,:20 : 8 883 342 446 :,648

    Fehkeisfj 099 :,396 :?,>43 4>6 9,::4 ?2,463 :2? 93> 9,4:9 302 ?,80: 98,::3Gjljysfj 690 0,:?2 :>,4:? :>,29? 04,42? 3?,900 008 409 ?,694 2,289 06,?98 4>,>86

    ^bflfppfeis 03 62 829 3?8 3,:3: :?,60? 42 080 :,>82 :,??6 4,:>> :6,?23

    _fedjpkri 6:: 0,692 :>,?4? 6,9>? 00,38: 96,3>6 3?8 :,>06 :0,4:9 ::,388 ?:,608 3:,806

    Xbjfljeh 063 :,>:4 9,69> 0,69: :0,3>2 8>,8?6 ?>2 4:6 0,386 9,>>: ::,6?? ??,683

    Ojg`khfj > : 6 09 :08 948 > :0 :>0 :: :,>46 9,8?4

    Ljk ^HP > > 89 83 :36 :,>26 > 9 :: 4: 869 0,3:8

    Gyjegjr 46 ?8: :,03: 093 483 ?,844 9 99 ?48 ?96 :,:90 8,836

    Sfit Ejg 4> 8? :,84> 082 0,:?4 :>,:?8 00 08? ?,:43 :8> ?,20? 0:,229

    Xktjl ?,?48 ::,>80 93,:26 04,368 20,?>6 093,6:2 0,?63 3,?:? 84,:04 ?0,002 :>:,:29 ?06,628

    Ekti= Cfduris ripkrtir `y fgpkrtirs% Vijr rjedis riir tk cejeofjl yijr `idfeefed fe Jprfl k tbi ijrlfir yijr%

    _kuroi= YE Okgtrjhi Hjtj`jsi "bttp=++okgtrjhi%ue%krd+h + Qjooissih Gjrob 0>:?W&%

    8

    Okeeiotfed _kutb Jsfj jeh _kutbijst Jsfj= Fetirfg Pipkrt

    tbjt tbi fgprissfvi rfsi fe orkss'su`ridfkejl trjhi bjs skgi J_IJE'

    spiofcfo uehirpfeefeds% Bkwivir, tbfs icciot fs liss fgprissfvi wbie

    okgpjrih wftb ktbir stuhfis igplkyfed drjvfty gkhils tk ojpturi

    ridfkejl icciots% Ckr ixjgpli, fe j okgpribiesfvi stuhy kc trjhfed

    `lkos tbrkudbkut tbi wkrlh, Crjeail ":664& istfgjtis tbjt J_IJE bjh

    jlgkst tbrii tfgis js ljrdi je icciot ke fetrj'J_IJE trjhi clkws%0

    _upply Objfes jeh Pidfkejl rkhuotfke Eitwkras

    Js ektih j`kvi, fetrj'ridfkejl trjhi fs guob drijtir fe _kutbijst

    Jsfj tbje fe _kutb Jsfj% Fehiih, tbi drjvfty gkhil usih `y Jabtir jeh

    Dbjef "0>:>& ckueh j eidjtfvi `fjs fe fetrj'_kutb Jsfje trjhi, wbirijs

    0 Xbi istfgjtih okiccfofiet wjs :%639 Qixp ":%63974%:?&%

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    Orkss'_u`ridfkejl Iokekgfo Xfis, @ieits, jeh

    gjey stuhfis bjvi ckueh j strked, pksftfvi fetrj'J_IJE icciot% Tbfli

    tbiri jri gjey rijskes ckr tbfs jsyggitrfo ridfkejl pirckrgjeoi

    feoluhfed tbi hidrii kc ridfkejl iokekgfo okkpirjtfketbi

    prkgfeieoi kc ridfkejl prkhuotfke eitwkras fe _kutbijst Jsfje trjhifs j aiy cjotkr, wbirijs tbisi eitwkras jri cjr liss fgpkrtjet fe _kutb

    Jsfj%

    ^rkhuotfke eitwkras ricir tk tbi `rijafed up kc prkhuotfke

    prkoissis fetk crjdgietih sidgiets tbjt oje i ojrrfih kut fe hfcciriet

    orkss'`krhir lkojtfkes jeh ivietujlly okkrhfejtih ckr jssig`ly fetk

    cfejl prkhuots% _kutbijst Jsfj bjs `iie pjrtfouljrly suooisscul fe

    jttrjotfed ridfkejl prkhuotfke eitwkras `iojusi kc fts hfccirieois fe

    wjdi jeh lj`kr prkhuotfvfty livils jorkss okuetrfis1 ridfkejl trjhi

    jeh fevistgiet lf`irjlfzjtfke tbrkudb suob feftfjtfvis js tbi J_IJE

    Crii Xrjhi Jrij "JCXJ&, tbi J_IJE Okgpribiesfvi Fevistgiet Jrij

    "JOFJ&, jeh tbi J_IJE Iokekgfo Okgguefty "JIO&1 jeh feorijsfedly

    strked fetrj'ridfkejl jeh fetirejtfkejl lfeas tbjt risult fe lkwir

    prkhuotfke jeh lkdfstfos oksts%? ^rkhuotfke eitwkras bjvi pljyih

    j sfdefcfojet rkli fe fecluieofed trjhi `y rilkojtfed lj`kr'fetiesfvi

    sidgiets tk lkw wjdi iokekgfis, risultfed fe rjpfhly drkwfed fetrj'

    fehustry trjhi fe pjrts jeh okgpkeiets% ^rkhuotfke eitwkras gjai

    usi kc ijob iokekgys jhvjetjdis tk `kkst prkhuotfvfty jeh out oksts,

    wbfli `klstirfed fevistgiet jeh tiobeklkdfojl trjescir% Xbiy bjvi jlsk

    pirgfttih lkw feokgi okuetrfis tk plud fetk tbi dlk`jl iokekgy fewjys tbjt wkulh bjvi `iie fgpkssf`li twk hiojhis jdk%

    _kutb Jsfj fs liss fetidrjtih fetk prkhuotfke eitwkras tbje fs

    _kutbijst Jsfj% Js sbkwe fe Cfduri 8, _kutbijst Jsfj bklhs je 2)

    sbjri kc dlk`jl prkhuotfke eitwkra ixpkrtsqufti fgprissfvi js tbi

    dlk`jl tktjl feoluhis fetrj'ridfkejl eitwkras fe tbi Iurkpije Yefke

    "IY&, tbi Ekrtb Jgirfoje Crii Xrjhi Jdriigiet "EJCXJ&, js will js

    tbi ^ikplis Pipu`lfo kc Obfej "^PO&jeh jlgkst twk'tbfrhs fts dlk`jl

    gjeucjoturih ixpkrts jri pjrt kc tbisi eitwkras "Cfduri 9&, wbirijs

    tbi okrrispkehfed cfduris ckr _kutb Jsfj jri drkwfed `ut oketfeui tk

    `i sgjll jt kely >%>9) jeh :3), rispiotfvily% Dfvie tbi sjlutjry ieicfts

    kc tbisi prkhuotfke eitwkras ckr drkwtb jeh pkvirty rihuotfke, tbfs

    fs olijrly kei jrij fe wbfob _kutb Jsfj oje fgprkvi1 olksir lfeas wftb

    _kutbijst Jsfj wkulh cjoflftjti tbfs%

    ? ^luggir jeh Obfj "0>>6& jeh Jtbuakrjlj "0>:>&%

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    >%0)>%:) >%0)>%8) >%9)

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    Cfduri 8= _bjri k _kutb jeh _kutbijst Jsfj fe Tkrlh Xktjl

    ^rkhuotfke Eitwkra Ixpkrts, :6600>::

    Ektis= :% Cfduris ripkrtih y fgpkrtirs%

    0% _kutb Jsfj riirs tk Fehfj jeh ^jafstje%

    ?% _kutbijst Jsfj riirs tk Fehkeisfj, Gjljysfj, bflfppfeis, _fedjpkri, Xbjfljeh jeh Sfit

    Ejg%

    8% Vijr rjedis riir tk cejeofjl yijr `idfeefed fe Jprfl k tbi ijrlfir yijr%

    _kuroi= Jutbkrs okgputjtfkes usfed YE Okgtrjhi hjtj "bttp=++okgtrjhi%ue%krd+h + Qjooissih

    Gjrob 0>:?W& `jsih ke gitbkhklkdy jhjptih rkg Jtbuakrjlj "0>:>&%

    2%6)9%8)

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    _kutbijst Jsfj

    Cfduri 9= _kutb jeh _kutbijst Jsfjs rkhuotfke Eitwkra

    Ixpkrts _bjri fe Ijob _u`ridfkes Xktjl Gjeujoturfed

    Ixpkrts, :6600>::

    Ektis= :% Cfduris ripkrtih y fgpkrtirs%

    0% _kutb Jsfj riirs tk Fehfj jeh ^jafstje%

    ?% _kutbijst Jsfj riirs tk Fehkeisfj, Gjljysfj, ^bflfppfeis, _fedjpkri, Xbjfljehjeh Sfit Ejg%

    8% Vijr rjedis riir tk cejeofjl yijr `idfeefed fe Jprfl k tbi ijrlfir yijr%

    _kuroi= Jutbkrs okgputjtfkes usfed YE Okgtrjhi hjtj "bttp=++okgtrjhi%ue%krd+h + Qjooissih

    Gjrob 0>:?W& `jsih ke gitbkhklkdy jhjptih rkg Jtbuakrjlj "0>:>&%

    3

    Okeeiotfed _kutb Jsfj jeh _kutbijst Jsfj= Fetirfg Pipkrt

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    Orkss'_u`ridfkejl Iokekgfo Xfis, @ieits, jeh

    :%0 Fevistgiet Lfeas

    CHF bjs `iie je fgpkrtjet pjrt kc tbi suooisscul hivilkpgietixpirfieoi fe _kutbijst Jsfj% Feclkws kc CHF `rfed fe stj`li eiw

    ojpftjl clkws, ckrifde ixobjedi, ijsy jooiss tk ckrifde gjraits, jeh

    tiobeklkdy trjescir% Xbiy jlsk tieh tk striedtbie festftutfkes wftbfe

    hivilkpfed okuetrfis, feoluhfed fe tbi cfejeofjl siotkr, jeh orijti j

    gkri stj`li ievfrkegiet kc pklfoy okgpitftfke ckr gkri `usfeiss'

    crfiehly pklfofis%8 Fe hkfed sk, tbiy istj`lfsb je jttrjotfvi `usfeiss

    ievfrkegiet wftbfe wbfob gultfejtfkejls oje ijsfly prkcft crkg

    j virtfojl hfvfsfke kc lj`kr jeh cjoflftjti tbi igirdieoi kc ridfkejl

    prkhuotfke objfes%

    Xrjhftfkejlly, CHF clkws bjvi `iie Ekrtb_kutb, `ut _kutb_kutb

    CHF bjs `iokgi feorijsfedly prkgfeiet% _feoi 0>>3, driiecfilh CHF

    crkg _kutb Jsfjpjrtfouljrly Fehfjtk _kutbijst Jsfj bjs `iie

    drijtir tbje _kutbijst Jsfje CHF fe _kutb Jsfj "Cfduri 3&, `ut fe `ktb

    ojsis tbi jddridjti clkws jri riljtfvily sgjll= _kutbijst Jsfj kely

    jookuetih ckr :8) kc tktjl _kutb Jsfje CHF kutclkws hurfed 0>>6

    0>:0, jeh _kutb Jsfj kely rioifvih 3) kc _kutbijst Jsfje CHF% Fe `ktb

    ojsis, tbisi sbjris jri hkwe crkg tbksi fe 0>>30>>2 "Cfduri 4&%

    8 _ii, ckr ixjgpli, ^rjsjh, Aksi, Pkdkcc, jeh Tif "0>>3&%

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    0>

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    0>>?>9 0>>6:0-0>>3>2

    FevistgietJgkuet"Y_(,

    Ge&

    Eug`irkc^rkmiots

    Cfduri 3= _kutb jeh _kutbijst Jsfj Orkss'_u`ridfkejl

    Driieilh Ckrifde Hfriot Fevistgiet, 0>>?0>:0

    Ekti= _J 7 _kutb Jsfj1 _IJ 7 _kutbijst Jsfj%

    - 0>:0 cduris up tk Ekvig`ir 0>:0%

    _kuroi= Hf Gjraits hjtj`jsi "bttp=++www%hfgjraits%okg+ Qjooissih Gjrob 0>:?W&%

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    0>>?>9 0>>6:0-0>>3>2

    _bjrikcCHFtkTkrlh

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    Cfduri 4= _bjri k _kutb jeh _kutbijst Jsfj Orkss'

    _u`ridfkejl tk Xktjl Driieilh Ckrifde Hfriot Fevistgiet,

    0>>?0>:0

    Ekti= _J 7 _kutb Jsfj1 _IJ 7 _kutbijst Jsfj%

    - 0>:0 cduris up tk Ekvig`ir 0>:0%

    _kuroi= Hf Gjraits hjtj`jsi "bttp=++www%hfgjraits%okg+ Qjooissih Gjrob 0>:?W&%

    2

    Okeeiotfed _kutb Jsfj jeh _kutbijst Jsfj= Fetirfg Pipkrt

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    Orkss'_u`ridfkejl Iokekgfo Xfis, @ieits, jeh

    :%? @ieits jeh Oksts kc Olksir

    FetidrjtfkeJ cuehjgietjl fesfdbt kc iokekgfos fs tbjt fetirejtfkejl trjhi

    tiehs tk fgprkvi je iokekgys jddridjti feokgi% Jookrhfed tk tbi

    Tkrlh @jea, fe tbi :66>s pir ojpftj rijl feokgi driw gkri tbje tbrii

    tfgis cjstir ckr hivilkpfed okuetrfis tbjt lkwirih trjhi `jrrfirs "9%>)

    pir yijr& tbje ckr ktbir hivilkpfed okuetrfis ":%8) pir yijr& "js oftih

    fe KIOH "0>:>&&%Xbfs risult ckllkws fe ljrdi pjrt crkg tbi rijllkojtfke

    kc cjotkrs kc prkhuotfke crkg liss tk gkri iccfofiet jotfvftfis jlked tbi

    lfeis kc j okuetrys okgpjrjtfvi jhvjetjdi%

    Gkrikvir, igpfrfojl stuhfis uehirsokri tbi fgpkrtjeoi kc

    fevistgiets fe pu`lfo fecrjstruoturipbysfojl jeh festftutfkejltbjt

    oje suppkrt tbi sbfct fetk eiw jrijs kc iokekgfo jotfvfty okesfstiet

    wftb je iokekgys ivklvfed cjotkr iehkwgiets jeh cjotkr prfois, js

    will js okgpligietjry pklfofis suob js trjhi cjoflftjtfke jeh trjhi

    cfejeoi% Ti hfsouss tbisi fssuis jt liedtb `ilkw%

    Pidfkejl "orkss'`krhir& fecrjstruoturi fs pjrtfouljrly fgpkrtjet tk

    Jsfjs iokekgfo hivilkpgiet% Ft oje hilfvir tbi ckllkwfed `ieicfts=

    fgprkvi ridfkejl okeeiotfvfty y gjafed ft cjstir, obijpir, jeh ijsfir

    ckr pikpli jeh dkkhs tk gkvi jorkss `krhirs wftbfe tbi ridfke1 rihuoi tbi okst kc ridfkejl "jeh dlk`jl& trjhi, iebjeoi tbi

    okgpitftfvieiss kc ridfkejl prkhuotfke eitwkras, prkgkti drijtir

    fevistgiet jeh cjoflftjti tbi gkvigiet jeh ixtiesfke kc prkhuotfke

    eitwkras tk tbi twk su`ridfkes1

    bilp rihuoi pkvirty `y fgprkvfed pkkr pikplis jooiss tk iokekgfo

    kppkrtueftfis, lkwirfed tbi okst kc tbi dkkhs jeh sirvfois tbiy

    okesugi, jeh prkvfhfed `ittir jooiss tk issietfjl fecrjstruoturi

    sirvfois1

    bilp ejrrkw tbi hivilkpgiet djp jgked Jsfje iokekgfis y prkvfhfed

    pkkr, ljehlkoaih, jeh rigkti okuetrfis jeh jrijs wftb `ittir jooiss

    tk ridfkejl "jeh dlk`jl& gjraits jeh prkhuotfke eitwkras, tbiri`y

    stfguljtfed fevistgiet, trjhi, jeh iokekgfo drkwtb fe tbksi jrijs,

    js will js rihuofed ridfkejl okeclfot1

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    :>

    Okeeiotfed _kutb Jsfj jeh _kutbijst Jsfj= Fetirfg Pipkrt

    prkgkti gkri iccfofiet usi kc ridfkejl riskurois, `y hivilkpfed

    ridfkejl prkmiots tbjt prkvfhi jooiss tk lkwir'okst jeh olijeir

    ieirdy skurois suob js djs jeh byhrkpkwir1

    iesuri feolusfvi jeh ievfrkegietjlly sustjfej`li iokekgfo drkwtb`y okeeiotfed fskljtih jeh ljehlkoaih jrijs tk iokekgfo oietirs `y

    utflfzfed driieir tiobeklkdfis jeh prkvfhfed kppkrtueftfis ckr lkw'

    feokgi pkpuljtfkes1 jeh

    bilp orijti j sfedli Jsfje gjrait, kei tbjt oje iediehir ljrdi

    iccfofieoy djfes, feorijsi ridfkejl higjeh, jeh fevist Jsfjs sjvfeds

    gkri prkhuotfvily fe tbi ridfke "JH@ jeh JH@F 0>>6&%

    Cfejeofjl fetidrjtfke oje jlsk prkvfhi su`stjetfjl `ieicfts `y

    rihuofed cuehfed oksts jeh ixpjehfed jvjflj`li riskurois tk cueh

    eiihih fevistgiet suob js fecrjstruoturi prkmiots% Xbfs fs pjrtfouljrly

    fgpkrtjet ckr okuetrfis wftb liss hivilkpih cfejeofjl gjraits jeh

    festftutfkes% _tj`li jeh iccfofiet ridfkejl cfejeofjl gjraits oje bilp

    objeeil sjvfeds crkg jrkueh Jsfj jeh tbi rist kc tbi wkrlh fetk

    prkhuotfvi fevistgiets tbrkudbkut tbi ridfke

    Guob oje `i hkei fe _kutb jeh _kutbijst Jsfj tk rihuoi

    fgpihfgiets tk orkss'su`ridfkejl trjhi jeh fevistgiet jeh tk

    fgprkvi dlk`jl okgpitftfvieiss% Ti fhietfcy jeh jejlyzi gijsuris

    tbjt okulh `i prkguldjtih `y _kutb jeh _kutbijst Jsfj tk jookgplfsb

    tbfstbrkudb skct pklfofis crkg trjhi cjoflftjtfke tk ridfkejl trjhfed

    jdriigiets jeh bjrh pklfofis suob js fevistgiet fe fecrjstruoturi%Bkwivir, fetidrjtfke `rkudbt j`kut `y drijtir ridfkejl

    okeeiotfvfty oje bjvi oksts js will% Xbi fgplfih struoturjl objedis

    crkg trjhi jhmustgiets jrfsfed crkg feorijsih okgpitftfke gjy i cjr

    crkg sfgpli% Ckr ixjgpli, tbiy okulh lijh tk su`stjetfjl rijllkojtfke

    kc feokgi `ktb jorkss okuetrfis jeh jgked ridfkes kc j sfedli

    okuetry, jeh tbi tigpkrjry ueigplkygiet kc riskurois% Feorijsih

    trjhi oje jlsk bjvi eidjtfvi fgpjots, feoluhfed skofkiokekgfo

    spfllkvirs kc ridfkejl fecrjstruoturi prkmiotssuob js ievfrkegietjl

    hjgjdi, hfspljoih pikpli, trjccfo joofhiets, jeh bugje jeh hrud

    trjccfoafedtbjt out jorkss ejtfkejl krhirs% Xrjhi'fehuoih struoturjl

    objedi cjoflftjtis iokekgfo rieiwjl jeh drkwtb, `ut ft eiihs tk `i

    jookgpjefih `y iokekgfo pklfofis tk ixpihfti jhmustgiet js will js

    prktiot tbi gkst vuleirj`li% Xbfs gjy feoluhi trjescir giobjefsgs tk

    okgpiesjti lksirs kr tk sprijh `ieicfts kc eiw orkss'`krhir prkmiots

    gkri iquftj`ly fe krhir tk orijti wfewfe sftujtfkes%

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    Orkss'_u`ridfkejl Iokekgfo Xfis, @ieits, jeh

    Cfejeofjl fetidrjtfke oje jlsk iediehir oksts js j risult kc tbi

    feorijsih ixpksuri kc iokekgfis wftb fggjturi cfejeofjl systigs tk

    ixtirejl cfejeofjl sbkoas, ispiofjlly suhhie stkps "rjpfh jeh ljrdi'

    sojli ojpftjl kutclkws& tbjt oje sivirily jcciot tbi rijl iokekgy% Xbus,cfejeofjl hivilkpgiet jeh fetidrjtfke gust `i siquieoih prkpirly

    jeh okkrhfejtih wftb fgprkvih ejtfkejl jeh ridfkejl cfejeofjl

    surviflljeoi jeh riduljtkry festftutfkes%

    Ijrlfir stuhfis kc `ieits jeh oksts kc orkss'su`ridfkejl

    fetidrjtfke

    _tuhfis kc ieicfts jeh oksts kc drijtir okeeiotfvfty itwiie _kutb

    jeh _kutbijst Jsfj sk cjr bjvi gjfely ckousih ke okeeiotfvfty itwiie

    Fehfj jeh J_IJE uehir tbi juspfois kc tbi Ijst Jsfje _uggft%9 Js

    pjrt kc tbi wkra riljtih tk tbi Okgpribiesfvi Jsfj Hivilkpgiet

    ^lje "OJH^& "IPFJ 0>:>& pripjrih `y tbi Iokekgfo Pisijrob Festftuti

    ckr J_IJE jeh Ijst Jsfj "IPFJ& ckr tbi Ijst Jsfje _uggft, Augjdjf

    jeh Fskek "0>::& usih tbi FHI+IPFJ Dikdrjpbfojl _fguljtfke Gkhil,

    j hitjflih ridfkejl gkhil, tk istfgjti fgpjots ke tbi ouguljtfvi

    feorijsi kc DH^ kc okuetrfis fe tbi twk su`ridfkes crkg 0>:> tk

    0>?> riljtfvi tk tbi `jsi ojsi ckr j eug`ir kc okeeiotfvfty prkmiots,

    feoluhfed tbi Giaked'Fehfj Iokekgfo Okrrfhkr "GFIO&, tbi Ayjuapbyu

    hiip sijpkrt fe Gyjegjr, jeh tbi Fehfj'Gyjegjr'Xbjfljeh Xrfljtirjl

    Bfdbwjy "FGXXB&% Ckr tbi GFIO, tbiy ckueh ouguljtfvi fgpjots kvir9) ckr Ojg`khfj, Gyjegjr, Xbjfljeh jeh Sfit Ejg, jeh kvir 0%9) ckr

    Fehfj% _ii @kx : ckr gkri hitjfls ke Gyjegjr%

    Pidjrhfed trjhi fetidrjtfke, je ijrlfir stuhy usfed j slfdbtly

    hfcciriet ridfkejl ueft kc jejlysfs "J_IJE!? jeh _kutb Jsfj& istfgjtih

    ljrdi djfes "j`kut (03> `fllfke, kr 0) kc drkss hkgistfo prkhuot QDH^W&

    crkg je Ijst jeh _kutb Jsfje crii trjhi jrij, uehir okesirvjtfvi

    jssugptfkes "Crjekfs, Pjej, jeh Tfdejrjmj 0>>6= 02 QXj`li :%3W&%

    Okuetrfis k`tjfefed riljtfvily ljrdi pksftfvi feokgi fgpjots "kvir 0)&

    feoluhih Akrij, Fehkeisfj, Gjljysfj, ^bflfppfeis, _fedjpkri, Xbjfljeh,

    Sfit Ejg, Fehfj jeh _rf Ljeaj%

    9 Gig`irs feoluhi tbi :0 J_IJE okuetrfis, Justrjlfj, ^PO, Fehfj, Mjpje, Eiw ]ijljeh jeh

    tbi Pipu`lfo kc Akrij%

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    @kx := Gyjegjrs Pkli js j @rfhdi

    Gyjegjr oje pljy j oruofjl jeh strjtidfo rkli fe okeeiotfed

    _kutb jeh _kutbijst Jsfj, js ft prkvfhis tbi kely ljeh

    `rfhdi `itwiie tbi twk su`ridfkes% Ft sbjris j tktjl kc

    9,292 aflkgitirs "ag& kc fetirejtfkejl `krhirs wftb cfvi ejtfkes@jedljhisb, tbi ^ikplis Pipu`lfo kc Obfej "^PO&, Fehfj, tbi Ljk

    ^ikplis Higkorjtfo Pipu`lfo "Ljk ^HP&, jeh Xbjfljeh% Gkrikvir, fts

    okjstlfei stritobis 0,2>> ag crkg tbi @jy kc @iedjl tk tbi Jehjgje

    _ij, eijr gjmkr Fehfje Koije sbfppfed ljeis% Xbirickri, tbi rioiet

    kpiefed up kc Gyjegjr prkvfhis su`stjetfjl eiw kppkrtueftfis tk

    striedtbie okeeiotfvfty `itwiie tbi twk su`ridfkes%

    Gyjegjr bjs j tktjl ljeh jrij kc 343,944 squjri ag, tbi ljrdist

    fe _kutbijst Jsfj jctir Fehkeisfj% Js kc 0>::, ft bjs j pkpuljtfke kc

    3>,?28,>>> wftb jeeujl pkpuljtfke drkwtb kc :)% Gyjegjr fs iehkwih wftb

    rfob ejturjl riskurois, feoluhfed pitrkliug, tfg`ir, tfe, jetfgkey, zfeo,

    okppir, tuedstie, lijh, okjl, gjr`li, lfgistkei, priofkus stkeis, ejturjl

    djs, jeh byhrkpkwir% Fe 0>::, ejturjl djs, wkkh prkhuots, pulsis, `ijes,

    cfsb, rfoi, olktbfed, mjhi, jeh digs wiri fts ljrdist ixpkrt okggkhftfis% Fts

    tkp ixpkrt histfejtfkes fe 0>:: wiri tbi ^PO, Fehfj jeh Xbjfljeh, wbfli

    fts tkp fgpkrt skurois wiri tbi ^PO, _fedjpkri jeh Xbjfljeh "Jsskofjtfke

    kc _kutbijst Jsfje Ejtfkes QJ_IJEW 0>:0&%"Oketfeuih&

    :0

    Okeeiotfed _kutb Jsfj jeh _kutbijst Jsfj= Fetirfg Pipkrt

    :%8 _uggjry= Xriehs jri ^ksftfvi

    jeh Guob ^ktietfjl PigjfesYeixplkftih

    Xbi pjttires kc orkss'su`ridfkejl trjhi jeh fevistgiet hisorf`ih

    biri sbkw tbjt iokekgfo fetirjotfke `itwiie tbi twk su`ridfkes fs

    ke tbi rfsi, `ut tbi _kutb jeh _kutbijst Jsfje iokekgfo pjrteirsbfp

    oketfeuis tk `i sgjll riljtfvi tk tbifr riljtfkesbfps wftb tbi rist kc

    tbi wkrlh "jeh, ckr _kutbijst Jsfj, riljtfvi tk fts kwe fetrj'ridfkejl

    iokekgfo fetidrjtfke&% Guob gkri oje `i jookgplfsbih vfj ridfkejl

    okkpirjtfke% @ilkw, wi wfll hisorf`i fe gkri hitjfl tbi iokekgfo

    pktietfjl kc olksir iokekgfo fetidrjtfke, ckllkwih `y jejlysfs js tk

    bkw ft oje "jeh sbkulh& `i hkei%

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    Hispfti fts ejturjl riskuroi iehkwgiets, Gyjegjr rigjfes kei kc tbi pkkrist okuetrfis fe Jsfj, ricliotf

    fts lidjoy kc fewjrh'krfietih iokekgfo pklfofis sfeoi :630 uetfl rioietly% Ft bjs tbi lkwist DH^ pir ojpf

    jgked J_IJE gig`irs, jt (249 fe 0>::, `jsih ke ourriet prfois% Xktjl trjhi fs (:8,609,:>>, wftb ixpkr

    jgkuetfed tk (2,::6,0>>% Xbi trjhi tk DH^ rjtfk wjs 02%0) fe 0>::, tbi lkwist fe J_IJE, jeh tbi rjtfk ixpkrts tk DH^ wjs :9%8) "J_IJE 0>:0&%

    Ckrifde hfriot fevistgiet "CHF& feclkws tk Gyjegjr jri jgked tbi lkwist fe J_IJE, jt (89> gfllfke

    0>::% Gkrikvir, Gyjegjr stfll rjeas lkw fe tirgs kc vjrfkus fecrjstruoturi jeh okeeiotfvfty fehfojtkrs "s

    Xj`li J:&% Fetireit su`sorfptfkes jri stfll viry lkw jt :> pir :,>>> pkpuljtfke jeh oilluljr pbkei hiesf

    fs jlsk lkw jt 03 pir :,>>> pkpuljtfke% Ekeitbiliss, Gyjegjr sbkws okgpitftfvieiss fe fts trjespkrtjtf

    fecrjstruoturi% Fts rkjhs jeh pjvih eitwkra jri guob lkedir tbje tbksi kc Ojg`khfj jeh tbi Ljk HP jeh iv

    tbi gfhhli'feokgi ^bflfppfeis jeh Xbjfljeh% Pjfl pjssiedir trjccfo fs jlsk okesfhirj`li, jltbkudb jfr trjccfo

    stfll viry lfgftih% Bkwivir, orkss'`krhir rkjh okeeiotfvfty fs pkkr, jeh tbiri fs ek orkss'`krhir okeeiotfvfty

    jll ckr rjflwjys% Xbi Yeftih Ejtfkes Iokekgfo jeh _kofjl Okggfssfke ckr Jsfj jeh tbi ^jofcfo "YEI_OJ^& b

    fhietfcfih j`kut :,>3? ag kc gfssfed lfeas fe Gyjegjr ckr tbi Jsfje Bfdbwjys : jeh 0 "YEI_OJ^ 0>:>&%

    Lfai gjey hivilkpfed iokekgfis, Gyjegjr fs ixpirfieofed ixtiesfvi struoturjl trjesckrgjtfke% Fe 0>:

    tbi sirvfoi siotkr sbjri fe tbi DH^ wjs 8:%2)bfdbir tbje tbjt kc tbi jdrfoulturi siotkr sbjri "?2%2)&, wbf

    bjs `iie cjllfed stijhfly kvir tbi pjst hiojhi, jeh tbjt kc tbi fehustry siotkr sbjri ":6%?)&% Yehir ^risfhi

    Y Xbife _ife, bfs jhgfefstrjtfke bjs uehirtjaie swiipfed pklftfojl jeh iokekgfo rickrgs suob js lfctf

    gihfj oieskrsbfp, rilijsfed pklftfojl prfskeirs, jeh jhkptfed gjrait'krfietih rickrgs ckousfed ke tbi ri

    jeh cfejeofjl siotkrs jeh fgprkvfed tbi `usfeiss olfgjti ckr ckrifde fevistgiet "Fetirejtfkejl Gkeitjry Cu

    QFGCW 0>:?&% Xbi dkviregiet jlsk ig`jraih ke oijsicfri jdriigiets jeh pijoi tjlas wftb ri`il itbefo drkup

    Gyjegjrs fetirejtfkejl riljtfkes jlsk fgprkvih uehir tbi eiw risfhiets lijhirsbfp, js sbkwe y Gyjegj

    kpieeiss tk hfjlkdui wftb tbi Yeftih _tjtis "Y_& jeh fts jppkfetgiet js J_IJE objfr fe 0>:8%

    Xj`li J:= Gyjegjr Okgpjrfske Fehfojtkrs

    _iliot Fevistgiet, Ferjstruoturi, jeh Okeeiotfvfty fehfojtkrs fe Gyjegjr jeh ktbir J_IJE Gig`irs, 0>::

    Okuetry

    Xktjl CHF

    Feckws

    "Y_(ge&

    )

    Objedi

    fe CHF

    Feckws

    Xkurfst

    Jrrfvjls

    ">>>&

    Objedi

    fe Xkurfst

    Jrrfvjls

    ")&

    Fetireit

    _u`sorf`ir

    pir :>>>

    ^irskes

    Oilluljr

    pbkei

    hiesfty pir

    :>>> ^irskes

    Pkjh

    Liedtb

    "ag&

    ^jvih

    Eitwkra

    "ag&

    Sibfolis

    pir :>>>

    ^kpuljtfke

    Pjflwjys

    ^jssiedirs

    ">>>&

    Fetirejtfke

    Jfr jssied

    Xrjo ">>>

    Gyjegjr 89> '3%9? 2:3 ?%: :> 03 :9>,2>> ??,>:8 ?6 33,6>> :,8

    Ktbir Jsije Okuetrfis

    @rueif

    Hjrussjljrg:,0>2 6?%0 080 :? 93> :,>60 ?,:04 0,22? ?2 E+J 0,>

    Ojg`khfj 260 :8 0,220 :8%6 ?: 366 88,6>> ?,22: :4 ?,8

    lehkeisfj :6,080 ?6%4 4,39> 6%0 :2> 644 843,?>> ?:?,9>> 063 :98,296 4,0

    Ljk HP ?>: 6%3 0,408 2%8 6> 240 8:,>?> 9,4>? :4: E+J ?

    Gjljysfj :0,>>: ?:%: 08,4:8 >%3 3:> :,04> :94,:34 :04,9:4 340 ?6,>>> ?>,8

    _fedjpkri 3?,664 ?:%? :?,:4: :?%0 49> :,869 ?,8:0 ?,8:0 :29 0,8:> 83,9

    Xbjfljeh 4,442 ':8%3 :6,>62 :6%2 0?4 :,:?0 ::8,8?4 :>2,:92 8?0 88,>>> ?6,6

    ^bflfppfeis :,030 '0%2 ?,6:4 ::%? 06> 60> ?:,?96 08,2?8 48 ?69,9>> :0,6

    Sfit Ejg 4,8?> '4%: 3,>:8 :6%: ?9: :,8?8 ?>:,>>> :62,>>> :4 ::,6>> ::,2

    _kuroi= J_IJE "0>:0&%"Oketfeu

    Orkss'_u`ridfkejl Iokekgfo Xfis, @ieits, jeh

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    Fe 0>:0, tbi dkviregiet hrjctih fts Crjgiwkra ckr Iokekgfo jeh

    _kofjl Pickrgs% Xbi hkougiet sit kut j bfdbly jg`ftfkus prkdrjg1

    ft fhietfcfis tbi pklfoy jdiehj jeh prfkrftfis kc tbi Dkviregiet kc

    Gyjegjr crkg 0>:0 tk 0>:9, wbfli jfgfed ckr tbi lkedir tirg dkjlkc fhietfcyfed pjrjgitirs jeh prkoissis tk hivilkp Gyjegjr fetk

    j gkhire, hivilkpih jeh higkorjtfo ejtfke `y 0>?> "Dkviregiet

    kc Gyjegjr 0>:0=:&% Xbi rickrg gijsuris feoluhi gjorkiokekgfo

    pklfofis tk prkgkti feolusfvi drkwtb, stj`flfty, jeh pkvirty rihuotfke1

    siotkrjl rickrgs tk hivilkp fehustry1 ktbir pklfofis tk prkgkti

    skofjl, oulturjl, jeh ievfrkegietjl jspiots kc hivilkpgiet, js will js

    skofjl bjrgkey jeh ridfkejl hivilkpgiet1 dkvirejeoi rickrgs1 jeh

    strjtidfis tk fgprkvi tbi fetirejtfkejl riputjtfke kc Gyjegjr tbrkudb

    fts iedjdigiet wftb J_IJE, tbi DG_, jeh tbi rist kc tbi wkrlh%

    Xbi hkougiet fhietfcfis spiofcfo pljes ckr rickrgs fe dkviregiet

    cfejeoi jeh tjxjtfke, gkeitjry jeh cfejeofjl siotkr pklfofis, trjhi

    jeh fevistgiet lf`irjlfzjtfke prkdrjgs, ihuojtfke, dkvirejeoi jeh

    trjespjrieoy, fgprkvigiets fe tiliokgguefojtfkes, hivilkpgiet kc

    fecrjstruoturi, jeh fgprkvih dkviregiet iccfofieoy%

    Xbi dkviregiet fs ig`jrafed ke prkdrjgs tk rjfsi jdrfoulturjl

    prkhuotfvfty jeh ieokurjdi hivilkpgiet kc gjeucjoturfed, ieirdy,

    jeh gfefed% Ft fs jlsk pursufed prfkrfty fecrjstruoturi prkmiots tbjt

    wfll suppkrt updrjhfed kc tbi jdrfoulturi jeh fehustry siotkrs jeh

    iebjeoi tbi okuetrys okeeiotfvfty tk tbi ridfke% Gjmkr rickrgs `ifed

    fgpligietih feoluhi ljeh rickrg prkdrjgs tk drjet tftlis tk cjrgirs,

    fgprkvfed jooiss tk cfejeofed, jeh hivilkpgiet kc rurjl fecrjstruoturi%

    Xbi dkviregiet jlsk rivfsih tbi ljw dkvirefed CHF tk rihuoi ristrfotfkes

    ke ckrifde fevistgiet, jeh curtbir pljes tk fgprkvi tbi _piofjl

    Iokekgfo ]kei Ljw, 0>::, tk rihuoi ristrfotfvi pklfofis ke hkgistfo

    cfrgs "FGC 0>:?&% Xbi dkviregiet fs jlsk hivilkpfed j okgpribiesfvi

    tkurfsg strjtidy tbjt wfll fgprkvi tkurfsg fecrjstruoturi jeh suppkrt

    sustjfej`li tkurfsg fe tbi okuetry%

    Picirieois

    J_IJE _ioritjrfjt% 0>:0% J_IJE _tjtfstfos Lijclit 0>:0% Mjajrtj, Fehkeisfj= J_IJE

    _ioritjrfjt% bttp=++www%jsije%krd+riskurois+pu`lfojtfkes+jsije'pu`lfojtfkes+ftig+

    jsije'stjtfstfos'lijclit'0>:0 "jooissih 8 Jprfl 0>:?&%

    Dkviregiet kc Gyjegjr% 0>:0% Crjgiwkra ckr Iokekgfo jeh _kofjl Pickrgs "^klfoy

    ^rfkrftfis ckr 0>:0':9 Xkwjrhs tbi Lked'Xirg Dkjls kc tbi Ejtfkejl OkgpribiesfviHivilkpgiet ^lje&% Ejypyftjw, Gyjegjr%

    Fetirejtfkejl Gkeitjry Cueh "FGC&% 0>:?% Gyjegjr= _tjcc Gkeftkrih ^rkdrjg% FGC

    Okuetry Pipkrt :?+:?% Tjsbfedtke, HO= FGC%

    :8

    Okeeiotfed _kutb Jsfj jeh _kutbijst Jsfj= Fetirfg Pipkrt

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    0 Fssuis jeh

    Fgpihfgiets tkDrijtir Orkss'

    _u`ridfkejlFetidrjtfke

    Xbfs siotfke hisorf`is tbi vjrfkus fssuis jeh fgpihfgiets

    riljtfed tk drijtir fetidrjtfke `itwiie _kutb jeh _kutbijst Jsfj fe

    aiy jrijs kc okeeiotfvfty, feoluhfed pbysfojl trjespkrt fecrjstruoturi,

    ieirdy fecrjstruoturi jeh trjhfed, trjhi cjoflftjtfke, cfejeofed kc

    fecrjstruoturi, trjhi jeh fevistgiet pklfoy rickrgs, jeh festftutfkejl

    jspiots% Ft jlsk suddists wjys ckrwjrh tk rihuoi tbisi fgpihfgiets%

    0%: ^bysfojl XrjespkrtFecrjstruoturi

    Icciotfvi jeh iccfofiet pbysfojl okeeiotfvfty `itwiie _kutb jeh

    _kutbijst Jsfj riqufris j ridfkejl pirspiotfvi fe hivilkpfed trjespkrt

    fecrjstruoturi prkmiots% Xbi hfvirsi dikdrjpby jeh rjedi kc jpplfoj`li

    trjespkrt gkhis uehirsokri tbi eiih ckr gultfgkhjl pljeefed

    fe okestruotfed rkjhs, rjflwjys, sijpkrts, feljeh wjtirwjys, jeh

    jfrpkrts 3 tbjt sjtfscy tbi eiihs kc usirs, feoluhfed trjespkrt sirvfoi

    prkvfhirs% Jey jpprkjob tk striedtbiefed pbysfojl okeeiotfvfty gust

    jhhriss okestrjfets fe tbi ckrg kc gfssfed lfeas jeh `kttlieioas fe

    3 Jfr trjespkrtjtfke fs ekt feoluhih fe tbfs stuhy%

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    Okeeiotfed _kutb Jsfj jeh _kutbijst Jsfj= Fetirfg Pipkrt

    tbi trjespkrtjtfke eitwkras% Xbisi pbysfojl `jrrfirs kr bfehrjeois

    tk orkss'su`ridfkejl trjhi jri lkojtih gjfely fe Gyjegjr, tbi kely

    ljeh `rfhdi `itwiie tbisi su`ridfkes1 Fehfj1 jeh tk j lissir ixtiet fe

    @jedljhisb, Ojg`khfj, tbi Ljk ^HP jeh Sfit Ejg% Xbisi `jrrfirs jrihfsoussih fe tbfs siotfke%

    0%:%: @joadrkueh@jsfo objrjotirfstfos kc tbi trjespkrt gkhis hitirgfei tbi riljtfvi

    fgpkrtjeoi kc ijob gkhi tk fetirejtfkejl kr hkgistfo trjespkrt

    sirvfoi prkvfhirs fe _kutb jeh _kutbijst Jsfj, wbk gust `jljeoi tbi

    fgpjot kc vjrfkus cjotkrs jcciotfed okst, spiih jeh rilfj`flfty fe tbi

    gkvigiet kc pjssiedir kr crifdbt trjccfo=

    Pkjh trjespkrt fs dieirjlly okesfhirih j cjst jeh riljtfvily rilfj`li

    gkhi1 fts j`flfty tk prkvfhi hkkr'tk'hkkr sirvfois oje kccsit fts bfdbir

    oksts vfs''vfs gjrftfgi kr rjfl gkhis%

    Pjfl trjespkrt fs je uehirutflfzih trjespkrt gkhi fe _kutb jeh

    _kutbijst Jsfj `iojusi kc sirfkus lfgftjtfkes fe tbi rjfl eitwkra,

    pjrtfouljrly fe cjoflftjtfed ridfkejl okeeiotfvfty% Gyjegjr bjs ek

    fetirejtfkejl rjflwjy okeeiotfkes jeh ek rjfl eitwkra fs kpirjtfkejl

    fe tbi Ljk ^HP%

    Gjrftfgi trjespkrt fs tbi hkgfejet trjespkrt gkhi ckr tbi gkvigiet

    kc fetirejtfkejl trjhi% @ittir iokekgfis kc sojli fe gjrftfgitrjespkrt oje `i jobfivih `y okeviyfed dkkhs fe ljrdi vklugis kvir

    lked hfstjeois fe okgpjrfske tk rkjh trjespkrt%

    Jfr trjespkrt prkvfhis cjst jeh rilfj`li sirvfois jeh fs pjrtfouljrly

    fgpkrtjet ckr tbi tkurfsg fehustry% Jltbkudb ft fs jlsk ixpiesfvi,

    tbi prklfcirjtfke kc lkw'okst ojrrfirs bjs okesfhirj`ly wfhieih tbi

    pjssiedir gjrait ckr jfr trjespkrt%

    Feljeh wjtir trjespkrt, je fgpkrtjet gkhi pjrtfouljrly fe _kutbijst

    Jsfj, fs riljtfvily obijp, `ut jlsk slkwir jeh ekt jlwjys rilfj`li%

    @ilkw wi ckous ke rkjh jeh rjfl lfeas jeh sijpkrts, dfvie tbjt tbiy

    jrduj`ly okestftuti tbi gkst fgpkrtjet `fehfed okestrjfets tk orkss'

    su`ridfkejl trjhi jt prisiet jeh prkdriss fe tbisi jrijs oje dieirjti

    bfdb ritures fe tbi sbkrt jeh lked rue% Xbi dkjl kc striedtbiefed

    tbi rkjh jeh rjflwjy eitwkras `itwiie _kutb jeh _kutbijst Jsfj fs

    sbjrih `y tbi Yeftih Ejtfkes Iokekgfo jeh _kofjl Okggfssfke ckr

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    Fssuis jeh Fgpihfgiets tk Drijtir Orkss'_u`ridfkejl Fetid

    Jsfj jeh tbi ^jofcfo "YEI_OJ^&, J_IJE, @jy kc @iedjl Feftfjtfvi ckr

    Gultf'_iotkrjl Xiobefojl jeh Iokekgfo Okkpirjtfke "@FG_XIO&, DG_,

    _JJPO jeh _J_IO, jgked ktbir su`ridfkejl okkpirjtfke prkdrjgs fe

    Jsfj% Xbi Jsfje Ljeh Xrjespkrt Fecrjstruoturi Hivilkpgiet ^rkmiot,istj`lfsbih `y YEI_OJ^ fe :660, fs ckrigkst jgked tbi ixfstfed pje'

    Jsfje fecrjstruoturi feftfjtfvis% Fts pflljrs jri tbi Jsfje Bfdbwjy, tbi

    XJP, jeh tbi cjoflftjtfke kc ljeh trjespkrt prkmiots tbrkudb fetirgkhjl

    trjespkrt tirgfejls "hry jeh feljeh pkrts&% Xbi Jsfje Bfdbwjy jeh XJP

    eitwkras `ktb ckllkw crjgiwkras ckr fetirejtfkejlly jdriih rkutis

    jeh fecrjstruoturjl stjehjrhs% _u`siquiet pje'Jsfje fecrjstruoturi

    prkdrjgs bjvi fhietfcfih eitwkras tbjt kvirljp sfdefcfojetly wftb tbi

    Jsfje Bfdbwjy jeh XJP% Bieoi, wi okesfhir skgi kc tbi objlliedis

    cjofed tbi Jsfje Bfdbwjy jeh XJP `ilkw, js will js ktbir aiy

    feftfjtfvis suob js tbi J_IJE Bfdbwjy, tbi DG_ Iokekgfo Okrrfhkrs,

    jeh tbi DG_ Pjflwjy% Ti jlsk hfsouss tbi rkli kc iokekgfo okrrfhkrs

    fe bifdbtiefed tbi iokekgfo iccfofieoy kc trjespkrtjtfke eitwkras%

    0%:%0 Pkjh Eitwkras

    Jsfje Bfdbwjy

    Xbi Jsfje Bfdbwjy okeoipt wjs ckrgjlly prkpksih fe :696

    js j eitwkra kc 39,>>> ag fe :9 gig`ir okuetrfis tk prkgkti tbihivilkpgiet kc fetirejtfkejl rkjh trjespkrt fe tbi Jsfje ridfke%

    Kvir tbi yijrs, tbi Jsfje Bfdbwjy eitwkra bjs `iokgi j sit kc

    ixfstfed ejtfkejl bfdbwjy lfeas okeeiotfed gjmkr oftfis tk prkgkti

    ridfkejl fetidrjtfke% Xbi okeoipt riqufris tbjt tbi Jsfje Bfdbwjy

    rkutis `i updrjhih jeh+kr gjfetjfeih tk giit uefckrg stjehjrhs%

    Je Fetirdkviregietjl Jdriigiet wjs jhkptih fe 0>>? tk cfejlfzi

    ckrgjlfzjtfke kc tbi Jsfje Bfdbwjy jeh ft ojgi fetk ckroi fe 0>>9%

    Ourrietly, tbi Jsfje Bfdbwjy eitwkra okesfsts kc :8?,>>> ag kc

    stjehjrhfzih rkjhwjys orfssorkssfed ?0 Jsfje okuetrfis wftb lfeajdis

    tk Iurkpi% Jsfje Bfdbwjy rkjhs `ilkedfed tk oljss FFF jeh `ilkw

    okgprfsi j`kut 06) "kr 8:,9>> ag& kc tbi eitwkra% Xbisi siotfkes

    bjvi twk ljeis kr liss, jri ekt uefvirsjlly pjvih, jeh jri fe vjrfkus

    stjtis kc ripjfr% Okesiquietly, tbisi rkjhs jri pktietfjl `kttlieioas

    tbjt gjy ivietujlly `i hisfdejtih prfkrftfis ckr updrjhfed `jsih ke

    ixfstfed kr jetfofpjtih trjccfo vklugis jeh lkjhs%

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    Okeeiotfed _kutb Jsfj jeh _kutbijst Jsfj= Fetirfg Pipkrt

    Ckur prfgjry Jsfje Bfdbwjy rkutis orkss ijst tk wist okeeiotfed

    _kutb jeh _kutbijst Jsfj= Jsfje Bfdbwjy : jeh 0 lfeafed Fehfj jeh

    @jedljhisb wftb Gyjegjr jeh tbi rist kc _kutbijst Jsfj, jeh Jsfje

    Bfdbwjy :9 jeh :3 lfeafed Xbjfljeh, tbi Ljk ^HP, jeh Sfit Ejg%Xbisi ijstwist rkutis tktjl :?,>>> ag, kc wbfob :?) ":,390 ag& jri

    oljssfcfih js oljss FFF jeh `ilkw rkjhs%

    Xbi Jsfje Bfdbwjy : jeh 0 jri tbi prfeofpjl Jsfje Bfdbwjy rkutis

    okeeiotfed _kutb jeh _kutbijst Jsfj% Xbisi rkutis pjss tbrkudb

    Gyjegjr, wbfob fs tbi kely ljeh `rfhdi `itwiie tbi twk su`ridfkes%

    Fe Gyjegjr, Jsfje Bfdbwjy : pjssis tbrkudb Gyjwjhhy^jyjdyf

    "Vjedke&GifatfljGjehjljyXjgu ":,339 ag&1 jeh Jsfje Bfdbwjy

    0 pjssis tbrkudb XjobfliaAyjfedtkeGifatfljGjehjljyXjgu

    "2>4 ag&% Xbisi rkutis lfea Fehfj jeh Gyjegjr "jeh, tbrkudb Fehfj,

    @jedljhisb& jeh bjvi tbi ckllkwfed `kttlieioas "YEI_OJ^ 0>>3&=

    Fe Fehfj, kut kc tbi tktjl kc 8?: ag tbjt jri oljss FFF kr `ilkw ke tbi

    Jsfje Bfdbwjy, 94) "089 ag& fs ke Jsfje Bfdbwjy : jeh 8?) ":23

    ag& fs ke Jsfje Bfdbwjy 0%

    Fe @jedljhisb, kut kc tbi tktjl kc 22 ag tbjt jri oljss FFF kr `ilkw ke

    tbi Jsfje Bfdbwjy, ?3) "?0 ag& fs ke Jsfje Bfdbwjy : wbfli 3?) "93

    ag& fs ke Jsfje Bfdbwjy 0%

    Fe Gyjegjr, j tktjl kc :,>38 ag jri oljss FFF kr `ilkw ke tbi Jsfje

    Bfdbwjy9>) "9?3 ag& ke Jsfje Bfdbwjy : jeh 9>) "902 ag& ke

    Jsfje Bfdbwjy 0% Xbi tktjl ckr Gyjegjr riprisiets 9:) kc tbi tktjlliedtb kc tbi Jsfje Bfdbwjy fe _kutb jeh _kutbijst Jsfj tbjt fs

    oljss FFF kr `ilkw, fehfojtfed guob sokpi ckr fgprkvigiet kc fts rkjh

    eitwkra%

    YEI_OJ^ bjs bfdblfdbtih tbi ckllkwfed rkjh lfeas js prfkrfty

    fevistgiets fe Gyjegjr "YEI_OJ^ 0>>3&=

    Ypdrjhfed kc tbi GyjwjhhyAjwajrifa rkjh siotfke kc Jsfje

    Bfdbwjy :

    Ypdrjhfed kc tbi AjljyAjliwjGkeywj siotfke kc Jsfje Bfdbwjy :

    Ypdrjhfed kc tbi AyjfedtkeXjueddyf siotfke kc Jsfje Bfdbwjy 0

    Jookrhfed tk tbi IPFJ ripkrt, tbi ckllkwfed rkutis jri orftfojl

    tk iebjeofed okeeiotfvfty `itwiie Gyjegjr jeh Ekrtbijst Fehfj

    "Afgurj, Auhk jeh Ygizjaf 0>>4&=

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    Fssuis jeh Fgpihfgiets tk Drijtir Orkss'_u`ridfkejl Fetid

    Gkrib+Xjgu rkuti= Xbfs fs tbi gjfe rkuti ckr `krhir trjhi `itwiie

    Fehfj jeh Gyjegjr jeh bjs kvirljps wftb JB: jeh JB0% Xbi siotfke

    crkg ^jlil tk Gkrib "3> ag& fs sfedli'ljei jeh gkstly gkuetjfekus%

    Xbi surcjoi fs pjvih `ut sfdefcfojet siotfkes `itwiie ^jlil jehGkrib jri fe hfsripjfr%

    ]klajwtjr+Pbii rkuti= Xbfs rkuti oje `i pksftfkeih js tbi sbkrtist

    ljeh rkuti okeeiotfed Gyjegjr jeh Aklajtj tbrkudb Ekrtbijst Fehfj

    jeh @jedljhisb fc tbi siotfke crkg Jfzjwl tk Jdjrtjlj fs fgprkvih

    jeh trjesft trjhi tbrkudb @jedljhisb fs rijlfzih%

    Ejgpked+^jedsu rkuti, aekwe js _tflwill Pkjh= _tjrtfed crkg Lihk

    fe Fehfjs Jssjg stjti, ft wijvis tbrkudb uppir Gyjegjr tk ieh fe

    Obfejs Vueeje prkvfeoi% Ourrietly, tbi `krhir fs ekt yit kpieih ckr

    kccfofjl `krhir trjhi%

    Xbisi prkmiots jlsk tfi fe wftb tbksi fhietfcfih fe tbi @FG_XIO

    Xrjespkrt Fecrjstruoturi jeh Lkdfstfos _tuhy "@XFL_& "JH@ 0>>2&, wbfob

    ckrgs tbi okri kc trjespkrt pljeefed fe tbi @FG_XIO jrij jeh wjs

    iehkrsih `y tbi @FG_XIO gfefstirs fe 0>>6% Xbi @FG_XIO prkdrjg

    bjs fhietfcfih :8 rkjh okrrfhkrs, 8 rjfl okrrfhkrs, 0 feljeh wjtirwjy

    okrrfhkrs, :: gjrftfgi djtiwjys jeh :9 jvfjtfke djtiwjys% _kgi kc

    tbi rkjh jeh rjflwjy okrrfhkrs kvirljp wftb tbi Jsfje Bfdbwjy jeh

    XJP rkutis%

    J_IJE Bfdbwjy Eitwkra

    J_IJE bjs fhietfcfih tbi J_IJE Bfdbwjy Eitwkra "JBE&, wbfob

    okesfsts kc 0? hisfdejtih rkutis, tktjlfed j`kut ?2,8>> ag, js kei kc

    J_IJEs cljdsbfp prkmiots ckr ljeh trjespkrt okeeiotfvfty% Xbi JBE

    fs jfgih jt ivietujlly orijtfed j hiesir eitwkra kc fetrj'ridfkejl

    bfdbwjys tbrkudb tbi ixpjesfke kc YEI_OJ^s Jsfje Bfdbwjy eitwkra

    wftbfe J_IJE gig`ir stjtis% Xbi JBE usis tbi sjgi hisfde stjehjrhs

    js YEI_OJ^s Jsfje Bfdbwjy eitwkra% J_IJE Bfdbwjy rkutis

    kvirljppfed wftb YEI_OJ^s Jsfje Bfdbwjy rkutis bjvi tbi sjgi

    rkuti eug`irs js tbi Jsfje Bfdbwjy rkutis% J`kut bjlc kc tbi JBE

    liedtb stfll okesfsts kc oljss FFF jeh `ilkw rkjhs% J_IJE bjs fhietfcfih

    Xrjesft Xrjespkrt Pkutis fe tbi JBE tk cjoflftjti trjespkrtjtfke kc

    dkkhs fe trjesft jeh tk curtbir fetidrjti Jsfjs iokekgfis "J_IJE

    0>:>j&%

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    Okeeiotfed _kutb Jsfj jeh _kutbijst Jsfj= Fetirfg Pipkrt

    FehfjGyjegjrXbjfljeh Xrfljtirjl Bfdbwjy "FGXXB&

    Xbi FehfjGyjegjrXbjfljeh Xrfljtirjl Bfdbwjy "FGXXB& ^rkmiot

    wjs okeoiptujlfzih fe 0>>0 tk prkvfhi j :,?3> ag rkjh lfeafed

    Ekrtbijst Fehfj jeh _kutbijst Jsfj% Xbi rkjh wfll okeeiot Gkrib ketbi Fehfje sfhi fe Gjefpur wftb Gji _kt tkwe fe Xbjfljeh, pjssfed

    tbrkudb @jdjefe oietrjl Gyjegjr% Gjmkr stritobis kc rkjh jlrijhy

    ixfst ut hfljpfhjtih siotfkes bjvi tk i fgprkvih jeh fetirokeeiotih%

    Xbi jlfdegiet kc tbi FGXXB cjlls wftbfe tbi Jsfje Bfdbwjy : `ifed

    pursuih `y YEI_OJ^ "Hi 0>::&% Xbi k`miotfvi kc tbi rkjh fs tk orijti

    j lfea `itwiie Ekrtbijst Fehfj jeh _kutbijst Jsfj% J hiip'sij pkrt

    jt Hjwif jeh tbi Hjwif'Ajobjej`urf rkjh lfea jri jlsk tk `i ojrrfih

    kut fe kei pjoajdi tkditbir wftb tbi trfljtirjl bfdbwjy prkmiot "sii

    hfsoussfke fe siotfke 0%:%9 `ilkw&% Xbi prkmiot wjs feftfjlly ljueobih

    uehir tbi prkdrjg kc tbi Giaked Djedj Okkpirjtfke "GDO& jeh ljtir

    feokrpkrjtih fetk tbi trjespkrt siotkr kc @FG_XIO `ut ft bjs ekt yit

    `iie ixioutih "Btue, Lwfe, Ejfed jeh Xue 0>::&%

    0%:%? Pjflwjy EitwkrasPjfl eitwkra okeeiotfvfty `itwiie tbi twk ridfkes fs dieirjlly

    pkkr% Fe pjrtfouljr, Gyjegjr bjs ek orkss'`krhir rjfl lfeas% Gkrikvir,

    tbi feokgpjtf`flfty kc djudis "trjoa wfhtbs& fe Fehfj, @jedljhisb,

    Xbjfljeh jeh Gyjegjr gijes tbjt trjessbfpgiet wfll `i riqufrihivie jctir tbrkudb rjfl lfeas jri hivilkpih% Xbfs feorijsis oksts,

    lkwirs sirvfoi livils jeh gjais rjfl liss okgpitftfvi "JH@ 0>>2&%

    Xrjes'Jsfje Pjflwjy

    Xbi XJP fs YEI_OJ^s okuetirpjrt tk tbi Jsfje Bfdbwjy fe tbi

    rjfl trjespkrt su`siotkr tk prkgkti gkri ievfrkegietjlly crfiehly

    jeh sustjfej`li trjespkrt sklutfkes% YEI_OJ^ feftfjtih hisfdefed tbi

    XJP eitwkra fe tbi :63>s wftb tbi k`miotfvi kc prkvfhfed j oketfeukus

    :8,>>>ag rjfl lfea `itwiie _fedjpkri jeh Fstje`ul% Xbi XJP prkdrjg

    prkgktis rjflwjys js je ieirdy'iccfofiet gkhi kc trjespkrt tk iebjeoi

    tbi kpirjtfkejl iccfofieoy, iokekgfo rilivjeoi, jeh okggirofjl

    utflfzjtfke kc Jsfjs rjfl trjespkrt fecrjstruoturi% Xbi XJP fs ievfsfkeih

    tk jllivfjti tbi dikdrjpbfojl fskljtfke kc tbi ljehlkoaih XJP gig`irs

    `y kccirfed tbig je jhvjeoih ljeh trjespkrtjtfke systig lfeaih tk

    sij rkutis usfed tbi pkrts kc ktbir gig`ir okuetrfis%

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    Xj`li 0= Gfssfed Lfeas k tbi Xrjes'Jsfje Pjflwjy Okeeiotfed _kutb jeh _kutbijst Jsfj

    Crkg Xk Xk Gfssfed Pjflwjy Lfea Liedtb "ag

    Fehfj Gyjegjr Mfrf`jg "Fehfj& Ajljy "Gyjegjr& ?83

    Gyjegjr Xbjfljeh Xbjepbyuzjyjt "Gyjegjr& Ejgtka "Xbjfljeh& 03?

    Xbjfljeh Ojg`khfj Jrjeyjprjtbit "Xbjfljeh& _fskpbke "Ojg`khfj& 98

    Xbjfljeh Ljk ^HP _jvjeejabit "Xbjfljeh& @uj Vjf "Ljk ^HP& 024

    Xbjfljeh Ljk ^HP Sfit EjgY`kerjtobjtjef "Xbjfljeh& ^jasi "Ljk ^HP& _jvjeejabit "Xbjf&

    Hivsjvjeb "Ljk& Hked Bj "Sfit Ejg&926

    Ljk HP Sfit Ejg Sfietfjei "Ljk HP& Gu Dfj "Sfit Ejg& Sued Je 936

    Ojg`khfj Sfit Ejg @jt Hied "Ojg`khfj& Lko Efeb "Sfit Ejg& BOG Ofty ?29

    Xktjl 0,86?

    Ekti= ag 7 aflkgitir, Ljk ^HP 7 Ljk ^ikplis Higkorjtfo Pipu`lfo%

    _kuroi= YEI_OJ^ "0>::&%

    Fssuis jeh Fgpihfgiets tk Drijtir Orkss'_u`ridfkejl Fetid

    Xbi Fetirdkviregietjl Jdriigiet ke tbi Xrjes'Jsfje Pjflwjy

    Eitwkra, wbfob ietirih fetk ckroi fe 0>>6, sits ckrtb j crjgiwkra ckr

    tbi okkrhfejtih hivilkpgiet kc rjfl rkutis kc fetirejtfkejl fgpkrtjeoi

    jeh tbifr iccfofiet kpirjtfkejlfzjtfke% Xbi lfeas fe tbi eitwkra wiri

    fhietfcfih y gig`irs jsih ke pktietfjl tk sirvi fggihfjti trjespkrt

    eiihs, jeh tk suppkrt fetirejtfkejl trjhi wftbfe tbi I_OJ^ ridfke js

    will js `itwiie Jsfj jeh Iurkpi%

    Ourrietly, tbi XJP eitwkra fs okgprfsih kc ::4,>>> ag kc rjfl

    rkutis% Xbfs feoluhis j`kut :>,9>> ag kc gfssfed lfeas, wbfob eiihtk `i okestruotih tk prkvfhi ckr je ue`rkaie XJP eitwkra% Djps

    kr gfssfed lfeas koour jlked tbi XJP eitwkra fe siotfkes wbiri ek

    pbysfojl lfeajdi ixfsts `itwiie tbi rjflwjy eitwkras kc eifdb`krfed

    okuetrfis kr wbiri tbiri fs je j`sieoi kc oketfeukus rjflwjy lfeas

    wftbfe tbi okuetrfis% Xj`li 0 fehfojtis pkssf`li cuturi lfeas fe tbi XJP

    eitwkra tbjt okulh iebjeoi okeeiotfvfty itwiie _kutb jeh _kutbijst

    Jsfj% Xbisi riprisiet j`kut 09) kc tbi gfssfed lfeas fe tbi ietfri XJP

    eitwkra%

    Drijtir Giaked _u`ridfke Pjflwjy

    Xbi JH@'cuehih DG_ Pjflwjy _trjtidy _tuhy "JH@ 0>::j& jssissih

    vjrfkus jltirejtfvi rkutis ckr lfeafed tbi ueokeeiotih rjflwjys fe tbi

    DG_ tk striedtbie tbi okeeiotfvfty kc tbi ekhis jeh iebjeoi tbi

    kvirjll iccfofieoy kc tbi su`ridfkes rjflwjy eitwkra% Xbi bfdbist

    prfkrfty wjs dfvie tk tbi @jedaka^bekg ^iebBk Obf Gfeb Ofty

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    Okeeiotfed _kutb Jsfj jeh _kutbijst Jsfj= Fetirfg Pipkrt

    BjekfAuegfedEjemfed rkuti `iojusi ft wjs hi