conjugation of japanese verb lesson 1-25 of mnn 1

P a g e | 1

CONJUGATION OF JAPANESE VERB OKIRU - TO GET UP

Verb Class 2

Stem oki -

Te form okite

Infinitive oki

Positive Negative

Present IndicativePlain okiru okinai

Polite okimasu okimasen

PresumptivePlain

okiyōokiru darō

okinai darō

Politeokimashōokiru deshō

okinai deshō

ImperativePlain okiro okiru na

Polite okite kudasai okinai de kudasai

Past IndicativePlain okita okinakatta

Polite okimashita okimasen deshita

Past PresumptivePlain

okitarōokita darō

okinakatta darō

Polite okita deshō okinakatta deshō

Present Progressive

Plain okite iru

Polite okite imasu okite imasen

Past ProgressivePlain okite ita

Polite okite imashitaokite imasen deshita

Provisional Plain okireba okinakereba

Polite okimaseba okimasen nara

P a g e | 2

CONJUGATION OF JAPANESE VERB OKIRU - TO GET UP

Verb Class 2

Stem oki -

Te form okite

Infinitive oki

okimasureba

ConditionalPlain okitara okinakattara

Polite okimashitara okimasen deshitara

PotentialPlain okirareru okirarenai

Polite okiraremasu okiraremasen

CausativePlain okisaseru okisasenai

Polite okisasemasu okisasemasen

P a g e | 3

CONJUGATION OF JAPANESE VERB NERU - TO SLEEP 寝る

Verb Class 2

Stem ne -

Te form nete

Infinitive ne

Positive Negative

Present IndicativePlain neru nenai

Polite nemasu nemasen

PresumptivePlain

neyōneru darō

nenai darō

Politenemashōneru deshō

nenai deshō

ImperativePlain nero neru na

Polite nete kudasai nenai de kudasai

Past IndicativePlain neta nenakatta

Polite nemashita nemasen deshita


netarōneta darō

nenakatta darō

Polite neta deshō nenakatta deshō

Present ProgressivePlain nete iru

Polite nete imasu nete imasen

Past ProgressivePlain nete ita

Polite nete imashita nete imasen deshita

ProvisionalPlain nereba nenakereba

Politenemasebanemasureba

nemasen nara

P a g e | 4

CONJUGATION OF JAPANESE VERB NERU - TO SLEEP 寝る

Verb Class 2

Stem ne -

Te form nete

Infinitive ne

ConditionalPlain netara nenakattara

Polite nemashitara nemasen deshitara

PotentialPlain nerareru nerarenai

Polite neraremasu neraremasen

CausativePlain nesaseru nesasenai

Polite nesasemasu nesasemasen

P a g e | 5

CONJUGATION OF JAPANESE VERB HATARAKU - TO WORK 仕

Verb Class 1

Stem hatarak -

Te form hataraite

Infinitive hataraki

Positive Negative

Present Indicative

Plain hataraku hatarakanai

Polite hatarakimasu hatarakimasen

PresumptivePlain

hatarakōhataraku darō

hatarakanai darō

Politehatarakimashōhataraku deshō

hatarakanai deshō

ImperativePlain hatarake hataraku na

Polite hataraite kudasaihatarakanai de kudasai

Past IndicativePlain hataraita hatarakanakatta

Polite hatarakimashitahatarakimasen deshita

Past Presumptive

Plainhataraitarōhataraita darō

hatarakanakatta darō

Polite hataraita deshōhatarakanakatta deshō

Present Progressive

Plain hataraite iru

Polite hataraite imasu hataraite imasen

Past Progressive

Plain hataraite ita

Polite hataraite imashitahataraite imasen deshita

P a g e | 6

CONJUGATION OF JAPANESE VERB HATARAKU - TO WORK 仕

Verb Class 1

Stem hatarak -

Te form hataraite

Infinitive hataraki

ProvisionalPlain hatarakeba hatarakanakereba

Politehatarakimasebahatarakimasureba

hatarakimasen nara

ConditionalPlain hataraitara hatarakanakattara

Polite hatarakimashitarahatarakimasen deshitara

Potential Plain hatarakeru hatarakenai

Polite hatarakemasu hatarakemasen

CausativePlain hatarakaseru hatarakasenai

Polite hatarakasemasu hatarakasemasen

P a g e | 7

CONJUGATION OF JAPANESE VERB YASUMU - TO REST, SLEEP

Verb Class 1

Stem yasum -

Te form yasunde

Infinitive yasumi

Positive Negative

Present Indicative

Plain yasumu yasumanai

Polite yasumimasu yasumimasen

PresumptivePlain

yasumōyasumu darō

yasumanai darō

Politeyasumimashōyasumu deshō

yasumanai deshō

ImperativePlain yasume yasumu na

Polite yasunde kudasaiyasumanai de kudasai

Past IndicativePlain yasunda yasumanakatta

Polite yasumimashitayasumimasen deshita

Past Presumptive

Plainyasundarōyasunda darō

yasumanakatta darō

Polite yasunda deshōyasumanakatta deshō

Present Progressive

Plain yasunde iru

Polite yasunde imasu yasunde imasen

Past Progressive

Plain yasunde ita

Polite yasunde imashita yasunde imasen

P a g e | 8

CONJUGATION OF JAPANESE VERB YASUMU - TO REST, SLEEP

Verb Class 1

Stem yasum -

Te form yasunde

Infinitive yasumi

deshita

ProvisionalPlain yasumeba yasumanakereba

Politeyasumimasebayasumimasureba

yasumimasen nara

ConditionalPlain yasundara yasumanakattara

Polite yasumimashitarayasumimasen deshitara

PotentialPlain yasumeru yasumenai

Polite yasumemasu yasumemasen

CausativePlain yasumaseru yasumasenai

Polite yasumasemasu yasumasemasen

P a g e | 9

CONJUGATION OF JAPANESE VERB - SURU

Verb Class Irregular

Stem su -

Gerund shite

Positive Negative

Present IndicativePlain suru shinai

Polite shimasu shimasen

Past IndicativePlain shita shinakatta

Polite shimashita shimasen deshita

PresumptivePlain

shiyōsuru darō

shinai darō

Politeshimashōsuru deshō

shinai deshō


shitarōshita darō

shinakatta darō

Polite shimashitarō shinakatta deshō

Present ProgressivePlain

Polite shite imasu shite imasen

Past ProgressivePlain

Politeshite imashita

shite imasen deshita

ProvisionalPlain sureba shinakereba

Politeshimaseba shimasureba

shimasen nara

ConditionalPlain shitara shinakattara

Politeshimashitara

shimasen deshitara

P a g e | 10

CONJUGATION OF JAPANESE VERB - SURU


Stem su -

Gerund shite

PotentialPlain dekiru dekinai

Polite dekimasu dekimasen

CausativePlain saseru

Polite

ImperativePlain shiro suruna

Polite shite kudasai shinaide kudasai

P a g e | 11

CONJUGATION OF JAPANESE VERB OWARU - TO END 終わる

Verb Class 1

Stem owar -

Te form owatte

Infinitive owari

Positive Negative

Present Indicative

Plain owaru owaranai

Polite owarimasu owarimasen

PresumptivePlain

owarōowaru darō

owaranai darō

Politeowarimashōowaru deshō

owaranai deshō

ImperativePlain oware owaru na

Polite owatte kudasaiowaranai de kudasai

Past IndicativePlain owatta owaranakatta

Polite owarimashita owarimasen deshita


owattarōowatta darō

owaranakatta darō

Polite owatta deshō owaranakatta deshō

Present Progressive

Plain owatte iru

Polite owatte imasu owatte imasen

Past ProgressivePlain owatte ita

Polite owatte imashitaowatte imasen deshita

Provisional Plain owareba owaranakereba

P a g e | 12

CONJUGATION OF JAPANESE VERB OWARU - TO END 終わる

Verb Class 1

Stem owar -

Te form owatte

Infinitive owari

Politeowarimasebaowarimasureba

owarimasen nara

ConditionalPlain owattara owaranakattara

Polite owarimashitaraowarimasen deshitara

PotentialPlain owareru owarenai

Polite owaremasu owaremasen

CausativePlain owaraseru owarasenai

Polite owarasemasu owarasemasen

P a g e | 13

CONJUGATION OF JAPANESE VERB IKU - TO GO 行く

Verb Class 1

Stem ik -

Te form itte

Infinitive iki

Positive Negative

Present IndicativePlain iku ikanai

Polite ikimasu ikimasen

PresumptivePlain

ikōiku darō

ikanai darō

Politeikimashōiku deshō

ikanai deshō

ImperativePlain ike iku na

Polite itte kudasai ikanai de kudasai

Past IndicativePlain itta ikanakatta

Polite ikimashita ikimasen deshita


ittarōitta darō

ikanakatta darō

Polite itta deshō ikanakatta deshō

Present ProgressivePlain itte iru

Polite itte imasu itte imasen

Past ProgressivePlain itte ita

Polite itte imashita itte imasen deshita

ProvisionalPlain ikeba ikanakereba

Politeikimasebaikimasureba

ikimasen nara

P a g e | 14

CONJUGATION OF JAPANESE VERB IKU - TO GO 行く

Verb Class 1

Stem ik -

Te form itte

Infinitive iki

ConditionalPlain ittara ikanakattara

Polite ikimashitara ikimasen deshitara

PotentialPlain ikeru ikenai

Polite ikemasu ikemasen

CausativePlain ikaseru ikasenai

Polite ikasemasu ikasemasen

P a g e | 15

CONJUGATION OF JAPANESE VERB KURU - TO COME 来る


Stem ku -

Te form kite

Infinitive ki

Positive Negative

Present IndicativePlain kuru konai

Polite kimasu kimasen

PresumptivePlain

koyōkuru darō

konai darō

Politekimashōkur deshō

konai deshō

ImperativePlain koi kuru na

Polite kite kudasai konai de kudasai

Past IndicativePlain kita konakatta

Polite kimashita kimasen deshita


kitarōkita darō

konakatta darō

Polite kita deshō konakatta deshō

ProvisionalPlain kureba konakereba

Politekimasebakimasureba

kimasen nara

ConditionalPlain kitara konakattara

Polite kimashitara kimasen deshitara

PotentialPlain korareru korarenai

Polite koraremasu koraremasen

P a g e | 16

CONJUGATION OF JAPANESE VERB KURU - TO COME 来る


Stem ku -

Te form kite

Infinitive ki

CausativePlain kosaseru kosasenai

Polite kosasemasu kosasemasen

P a g e | 17

CONJUGATION OF JAPANESE VERB KAERU - TO RETURN 帰る

Verb Class 1

Stem Kaer -

Te form Kaette

Infinitive Kaeri

Positive Negative

Present Indicative

Plain Kaeru Kaeranai

Polite Kaerimasu Kaerimasen

PresumptivePlain

KaerōKaeru darō

Kaeranai darō

PoliteKaerimashōKaeru deshō

Kaeranai deshō

ImperativePlain Kaere Kaeru na

Polite Kaette kudasaiKaeranai de kudasai

Past IndicativePlain Kaetta Kaeranakatta

Polite Kaerimashita Kaerimasen deshita


KaettarōKaetta darō

Kaeranakatta darō

Polite Kaetta deshō Kaeranakatta deshō

Present Progressive

Plain Kaette iru

Polite Kaette imasu Kaette imasen

Past ProgressivePlain Kaette ita

Polite Kaette imashitaKaette imasen deshita

Provisional Plain Kaereba Kaeranakereba

P a g e | 18

CONJUGATION OF JAPANESE VERB KAERU - TO RETURN 帰る

Verb Class 1

Stem Kaer -

Te form Kaette

Infinitive Kaeri

PoliteKaerimasebaKaerimasureba

Kaerimasen nara

ConditionalPlain Kaettara Kaeranakattara

Polite KaerimashitaraKaerimasen deshitara

PotentialPlain Kaereru Kaerenai

Polite Kaeremasu Kaeremasen

CausativePlain Kaeraseru Kaerasenai

Polite Kaerasemasu Kaerasemasen

P a g e | 19

CONJUGATION OF JAPANESE VERB TABERU - TO EAT 食べる

Verb Class 2

Stem tabe -

Te form tabete

Infinitive tabe

Positive Negative

Present IndicativePlain taberu tabenai

Polite tabemasu tabemasen

PresumptivePlain

tabeyōtaberu darō

tabenai darō

Politetabemashōtaberu deshō

tabenai deshō

ImperativePlain tabero taberu na

Polite tabete kudasai tabenai de kudasai

Past IndicativePlain tabeta tabenakatta

Polite tabemashita tabemasen deshita


tabetarōtabeta darō

tabenakatta darō

Polite tabeta deshō tabenakatta deshō

Present Progressive

Plain tabete iru

Polite tabete imasu tabete imasen

Past ProgressivePlain tabete ita

Polite tabete imashitatabete imasen deshita

Provisional Plain tabereba tabenakereba

Polite tabemaseba tabemasen nara

P a g e | 20

CONJUGATION OF JAPANESE VERB TABERU - TO EAT 食べる

Verb Class 2

Stem tabe -

Te form tabete

Infinitive tabe

tabemasureba

ConditionalPlain tabetara tabenakattara

Polite tabemashitara tabemasen deshitara

PotentialPlain taberareru taberarenai

Polite taberaremasu taberaremasen

CausativePlain tabesaseru tabesasenai

Polite tabesasemasu tabesasemasen

P a g e | 21

CONJUGATION OF JAPANESE VERB NOMU - TO DRINK 飲む

Verb Class 1

Stem nom -

Te form nonde

Infinitive nomi

Positive Negative

Present IndicativePlain nomu nomanai

Polite nomimasu nomimasen

PresumptivePlain

nomōnomu darō

nomanai darō

Politenomimashōnomu deshō

nomanai deshō

ImperativePlain nome nomu na

Polite nonde kudasai nomanai de kudasai

Past IndicativePlain nonda nomanakatta

Polite nomimashita nomimasen deshita


nondarōnonda darō

nomanakatta darō

Polite nonda deshō nomanakatta deshō

Present Progressive

Plain nonde iru

Polite nonde imasu nonde imasen

Past ProgressivePlain nonde ita

Polite nonde imashitanonde imasen deshita

Provisional Plain nomeba nomanakereba

Polite nomimaseba nomimasen nara

P a g e | 22

CONJUGATION OF JAPANESE VERB NOMU - TO DRINK 飲む

Verb Class 1

Stem nom -

Te form nonde

Infinitive nomi

nomimasureba

ConditionalPlain nondara nomanakattara

Polite nomimashitaranomimasen deshitara

PotentialPlain nomeru nomenai

Polite nomemasu nomemasen

CausativePlain nomaseru nomasenai

Polite nomasemasu nomasemasen

P a g e | 23

CONJUGATION OF JAPANESE VERB SUU - TO INHALE, SIP, SMOKE

Verb Class 1

Stem su -

Te form sutte

Infinitive sui

Positive Negative

Present IndicativePlain suu suwanai

Polite suimasu suimasen

PresumptivePlain

suōsuu darō

suwanai darō

Politesuimashōsuu deshō

suwanai deshō

ImperativePlain sue suu na

Polite sutte kudasai suwanai de kudasai

Past IndicativePlain sutta suwanakatta

Polite suimashita suimasen deshita


suttarōsutta darō

suwanakatta darō

Polite sutta deshō suwanakatta deshō

Present Progressive

Plain sutte iru

Polite sutte imasu sutte imasen

Past ProgressivePlain sutte ita

Polite sutte imashitasutte imasen deshita

Provisional Plain sueba suwanakereba

Polite suimaseba suimasen nara

P a g e | 24

CONJUGATION OF JAPANESE VERB SUU - TO INHALE, SIP, SMOKE

Verb Class 1

Stem su -

Te form sutte

Infinitive sui

suimasureba

ConditionalPlain suttara suwanakattara

Polite suimashitara suimasen deshitara

PotentialPlain sueru suenai

Polite suemasu suemasen

CausativePlain suwaseru suwasenai

Polite suwasemasu suwasemasen

P a g e | 25

CONJUGATION OF JAPANESE VERB MIRU - TO LOOK見る

Verb Class 2

Stem mi -

Te form mite

Infinitive mi

Positive Negative

Present IndicativePlain miru minai

Polite mimasu mimasen

PresumptivePlain

miyōmiru darō

minai darō

Politemimashōmiru deshō

minai deshō

ImperativePlain miro miru na

Polite mite kudasai minai de kudasai

Past IndicativePlain mita minakatta

Polite mimashita mimasen deshita


mitarōmita darō

minakatta darō

Polite mita deshō minakatta deshō

Present ProgressivePlain mite iru

Polite mite imasu mite imasen

Past ProgressivePlain mite ita

Polite mite imashita mite imasen deshita

Provisional Plain mireba minakereba

Polite mimaseba mimasen nara

P a g e | 26

CONJUGATION OF JAPANESE VERB MIRU - TO LOOK見る

Verb Class 2

Stem mi -

Te form mite

Infinitive mi

mimasureba

ConditionalPlain mitara minakattara

Polite mimashitara mimasen deshitara

PotentialPlain mirareru mirarenai

Polite miraremasu miraremasen

CausativePlain misaseru misasenai

Polite misasemasu misasemasen

P a g e | 27

CONJUGATION OF JAPANESE VERB KIKU - TO LISTEN 聞く

Verb Class 1

Stem kik -

Te form kiite

Infinitive kiki

Positive Negative

Present IndicativePlain kiku kikanai

Polite kikimasu kikimasen

PresumptivePlain

kikōkiku darō

kikanai darō

Politekikimashōkiku deshō

kikanai deshō

ImperativePlain kike kiku na

Polite kiite kudasai kikanai de kudasai

Past IndicativePlain kiita kikanakatta

Polite kikimashita kikimasen deshita


kiitarōkiita darō

kikanakatta darō

Polite kiita deshō kikanakatta deshō

Present Progressive

Plain kiite iru

Polite kiite imasu kiite imasen

Past ProgressivePlain kiite ita

Polite kiite imashitakiite imasen deshita

Provisional Plain kikeba kikanakereba

Polite kikimaseba kikimasen nara

P a g e | 28

CONJUGATION OF JAPANESE VERB KIKU - TO LISTEN 聞く

Verb Class 1

Stem kik -

Te form kiite

Infinitive kiki

kikimasureba

ConditionalPlain kiitara kikanakattara

Polite kikimashitarakikimasen deshitara

PotentialPlain kikeru kikenai

Polite kikemasu kikemasen

CausativePlain kikaseru kikasenai

Polite kikasemasu kikasemasen

P a g e | 29

CONJUGATION OF JAPANESE VERB YOMU - TO READ 読む

Verb Class 1

Stem yom -

Te form yonde

Infinitive yomi

Positive Negative

Present IndicativePlain yomu yomanai

Polite yomimasu yomimasen

PresumptivePlain

yomōyomu darō

yomanai darō

Politeyomimashōyomu deshō

yomanai deshō

ImperativePlain yome yomu na

Polite yonde kudasai yomanai de kudasai

Past IndicativePlain yonda yomanakatta

Polite yomimashita yomimasen deshita


yondarōyonda darō

yomanakatta darō

Polite yonda deshō yomanakatta deshō

Present Progressive

Plain yonde iru

Polite yonde imasu yonde imasen

Past ProgressivePlain yonde ita

Polite yonde imashitayonde imasen deshita

Provisional Plain yomeba yomanakereba

Polite yomimaseba yomimasen nara

P a g e | 30

CONJUGATION OF JAPANESE VERB YOMU - TO READ 読む

Verb Class 1

Stem yom -

Te form yonde

Infinitive yomi

yomimasureba

ConditionalPlain yondara yomanakattara

Polite yomimashitarayomimasen deshitara

PotentialPlain yomeru yomenai

Polite yomemasu yomemasen

CausativePlain yomaseru yomasenai

Polite yomasemasu yomasemasen

P a g e | 31

CONJUGATION OF JAPANESE VERB KAKU - TO WRITE 書く

Verb Class 1

Stem kak -

Te form kaite

Infinitive kaki

Positive Negative

Present IndicativePlain kaku kakanai

Polite kakimasu kakimasen

PresumptivePlain

kakōkaku darō

kakanai darō

Politekakimashōkaku deshō

kakanai deshō

ImperativePlain kake kaku na

Polite kaite kudasai kakanai de kudasai

Past IndicativePlain kaita kakanakatta

Polite kakimashita kakimasen deshita


kaitarōkaita darō

kakanakatta darō

Polite kaita deshō kakanakatta deshō

Present Progressive

Plain kaite iru

Polite kaite imasu kaite imasen

Past ProgressivePlain kaite ita

Polite kaite imashitakaite imasen deshita

Provisional Plain kakeba kakanakereba

P a g e | 32

CONJUGATION OF JAPANESE VERB KAKU - TO WRITE 書く

Verb Class 1

Stem kak -

Te form kaite

Infinitive kaki

Politekakimasebakakimasureba

kakimasen nara

ConditionalPlain kaitara kakanakattara

Polite kakimashitarakakimasen deshitara

PotentialPlain kakeru kakenai

Polite kakemasu kakemasen

CausativePlain kakaseru kakasenai

Polite kakasemasu kakasemasen

P a g e | 33

CONJUGATION OF JAPANESE VERB KAU - TO BUY買う

Verb Class 1

Stem ka -

Te form katte

Infinitive kaiThis is for a guide only. Please double-check if you need to use the information for

something important. I've done my best to get everything right but like any self respecting software there may be bugs in it! .

Positive Negative

Present Indicative

Plain kau kawanai

Polite kaimasu kaimasen

PresumptivePlain

kaōkau darō

kawanai darō

Politekaimashōkau deshō

kawanai deshō

ImperativePlain kae kau na

Polite katte kudasai kawanai de kudasai

Past IndicativePlain katta kawanakatta

Polite kaimashita kaimasen deshita


kattarōkatta darō

kawanakatta darō

Polite katta deshō kawanakatta deshō

Present Progressive

Plain katte iru

Polite katte imasu katte imasen

Past ProgressivePlain katte ita

Polite katte imashitakatte imasen deshita

P a g e | 34

CONJUGATION OF JAPANESE VERB KAU - TO BUY買う

Verb Class 1

Stem ka -

Te form katte

Infinitive kai

ProvisionalPlain kaeba kawanakereba

Politekaimasebakaimasureba

kaimasen nara

ConditionalPlain kattara kawanakattara

Polite kaimashitara kaimasen deshitara

Potential Plain kaeru kaenai

Polite kaemasu kaemasen

CausativePlain kawaseru kawasenai

Polite kawasemasu kawasemasen

P a g e | 35

CONJUGATION OF JAP VERB TORU - TO TAKE, STEAL

Verb Class 1

Stem tor -

Te form totte

Infinitive tori

Positive Negative

Present IndicativePlain toru toranai

Polite torimasu torimasen

PresumptivePlain

torōtoru darō

toranai darō

Politetorimashōtoru deshō

toranai deshō

ImperativePlain tore toru na

Polite totte kudasai toranai de kudasai

Past IndicativePlain totta toranakatta

Polite torimashita torimasen deshita


tottarōtotta darō

toranakatta darō

Polite totta deshō toranakatta deshō

Present ProgressivePlain totte iru

Polite totte imasu totte imasen

Past ProgressivePlain totte ita

Polite totte imashita totte imasen deshita

ProvisionalPlain toreba toranakereba

Politetorimasebatorimasureba

torimasen nara

P a g e | 36

CONJUGATION OF JAP VERB TORU - TO TAKE, STEAL

Verb Class 1

Stem tor -

Te form totte

Infinitive tori

ConditionalPlain tottara toranakattara

Polite torimashitara torimasen deshitara

PotentialPlain toreru torenai

Polite toremasu toremasen

CausativePlain toraseru torasenai

Polite torasemasu torasemasen

P a g e | 37

CONJUGATION OF JAPANESE VERB AU - TO MEET 会う

Verb Class 1

Stem a -

Te form atte

Infinitive ai

Positive Negative

Present Indicative

Plain au awanai

Polite aimasu aimasen

PresumptivePlain

aōau darō

awanai darō

Politeaimashōau deshō

awanai deshō

ImperativePlain ae au na

Polite atte kudasai awanai de kudasai

Past IndicativePlain atta awanakatta

Polite aimashita aimasen deshita


attarōatta darō

awanakatta darō

Polite atta deshō awanakatta deshō

Present Progressive

Plain atte iru

Polite atte imasu atte imasen

Past ProgressivePlain atte ita

Politeatte imashita

atte imasen deshita

Provisional Plain aeba awanakereba

P a g e | 38

CONJUGATION OF JAPANESE VERB AU - TO MEET 会う

Verb Class 1

Stem a -

Te form atte

Infinitive ai

Politeaimasebaaimasureba

aimasen nara

ConditionalPlain attara awanakattara

Polite aimashitara aimasen deshitara

PotentialPlain aeru aenai

Polite aemasu aemasen

CausativePlain awaseru awasenai

Polite awasemasu awasemasen

P a g e | 39

CONJUGATION OF JAPANESE VERB KIRU - TO CUT切る

Verb Class 1

Stem Kir -

Te form Kitte

Infinitive Kiri

Positive Negative

Present Indicative

Plain Kiru Kiranai

Polite

Kirimasu Kirimasen

PresumptivePlain

KirōKiru darō

Kiranai darō

Polite

KirimashōKiru deshō

Kiranai deshō

ImperativePlain Kire Kiru na

Polite

Kitte kudasai Kiranai de kudasai

Past IndicativePlain Kitta Kiranakatta

Polite

Kirimashita Kirimasen deshita

Past Presumptive

PlainKittarōKitta darō

Kiranakatta darō

Polite

Kitta deshō Kiranakatta deshō

Present Progressive

Plain Kitte iru

Polite

Kitte imasu Kitte imasen

P a g e | 40

CONJUGATION OF JAPANESE VERB KIRU - TO CUT切る

Verb Class 1

Stem Kir -

Te form Kitte

Infinitive Kiri

Past ProgressivePlain Kitte ita

Polite

Kitte imashita

Kitte imasen deshita

ProvisionalPlain Kireba Kiranakereba

Polite

KirimasebaKirimasureba

Kirimasen nara

ConditionalPlain Kittara Kiranakattara

Polite

Kirimashitara Kirimasen deshitara

PotentialPlain Kireru Kirenai

Polite

Kiremasu Kiremasen

CausativePlain Kiraseru Kirasenai

Polite

Kirasemasu Kirasemasen

P a g e | 41

CONJUGATION OF JAP VERB OKURU –TO SEND, SEE OFF

Verb Class 1

Stem okur -

Te form okutte

Infinitive okuriThis is for a guide only. Please double-check if you need to use the information for


Positive Negative

Present Indicative

Plain okuru okuranai

Polite okurimasu okurimasen

PresumptivePlain

okurōokuru darō

okuranai darō

Politeokurimashōokuru deshō

okuranai deshō

ImperativePlain okure okuru na

Polite okutte kudasai okuranai de kudasai

Past IndicativePlain okutta okuranakatta

Polite okurimashita okurimasen deshita


okuttarōokutta darō

okuranakatta darō

Polite okutta deshō okuranakatta deshō

Present Plain okutte iru

P a g e | 42

CONJUGATION OF JAP VERB OKURU –TO SEND, SEE OFF

Verb Class 1

Stem okur -

Te form okutte

Infinitive okuri

Progressive Polite okutte imasu okutte imasen

Past ProgressivePlain okutte ita

Polite okutte imashita okutte imasen deshita

ProvisionalPlain okureba okuranakereba

Politeokurimasebaokurimasureba

okurimasen nara

ConditionalPlain okuttara okuranakattara

Polite okurimashitara okurimasen deshitara

PotentialPlain okureru okurenai

Polite okuremasu okuremasen

CausativePlain okuraseru okurasenai

Polite okurasemasu okurasemasen

P a g e | 43

CONJUGATION OF JAPANESE VERB AGERU - TO GIVE

Verb Class 2

Stem age -

Te form agete

Infinitive age

Positive Negative

Present IndicativePlain ageru agenai

Polite agemasu agemasen

PresumptivePlain

ageyōageru darō

agenai darō

Politeagemashōageru deshō

agenai deshō

ImperativePlain agero ageru na

Polite agete kudasai agenai de kudasai

Past IndicativePlain ageta agenakatta

Polite agemashita agemasen deshita


agetarōageta darō

agenakatta darō

Polite ageta deshō agenakatta deshō

Present Progressive

Plain agete iru

Polite agete imasu agete imasen

Past Progressive Plain agete ita

Polite agete imashita agete imasen

P a g e | 44

CONJUGATION OF JAPANESE VERB AGERU - TO GIVE

Verb Class 2

Stem age -

Te form agete

Infinitive age

deshita

ProvisionalPlain agereba agenakereba

Politeagemasebaagemasureba

agemasen nara

ConditionalPlain agetara agenakattara

Polite agemashitara agemasen deshitara

PotentialPlain agerareru agerarenai

Polite ageraremasu ageraremasen

CausativePlain agesaseru agesasenai

Polite agesasemasu agesasemasen

P a g e | 45

CONJUGATION OF JAPANESE VERB MORAU – TO RECEIVE

Verb Class 1

Stem mora -

Te form moratte

Infinitive morai

Positive Negative

Present Indicative

Plain morau morawanai

Polite moraimasu moraimasen

PresumptivePlain

moraōmorau darō

morawanai darō

Politemoraimashōmorau deshō

morawanai deshō

ImperativePlain morae morau na

Polite moratte kudasaimorawanai de kudasai

Past IndicativePlain moratta morawanakatta

Polite moraimashita moraimasen deshita


morattarōmoratta darō

morawanakatta darō

Polite moratta deshōmorawanakatta deshō

Present Progressive

Plain moratte iru

Polite moratte imasu moratte imasen

Past Progressive Plain moratte ita

P a g e | 46

CONJUGATION OF JAPANESE VERB MORAU – TO RECEIVE

Verb Class 1

Stem mora -

Te form moratte

Infinitive morai

Politemoratte imashita

moratte imasen deshita

ProvisionalPlain moraeba morawanakereba

Politemoraimasebamoraimasureba

moraimasen nara

ConditionalPlain morattara morawanakattara

Polite moraimashitaramoraimasen deshitara

PotentialPlain moraeru moraenai

Polite moraemasu moraemasen

CausativePlain morawaseru morawasenai

Polite morawasemasu morawasemasen

P a g e | 47

CONJUGATION OF JAPANESE VERB KASU - TO LEND

Verb Class 1

Stem kas - , kash-

Te form kashite

Infinitive kasi

Positive Negative

Present IndicativePlain kasu kasanai

Polite kashimasu kashimasen

PresumptivePlain

kasōkasu darō

kasanai darō

Politekasimashōkasu deshō

kasanai deshō

ImperativePlain kase kasu na

Polite kashite kudasai kasanai de kudasai

Past IndicativePlain kashita kasanakatta

Polite kashimashita kashimasen deshita


kashitarōkashita darō

kasanakatta darō

Polite kashita deshō kasanakatta deshō

Present Progressive

Plain kashite iru

Polite kashite imasu kashite imasen

Past ProgressivePlain kashite ita

Politekashite imashita

kashite imasen deshita

Provisional Plain kaseba kasanakereba

P a g e | 48

CONJUGATION OF JAPANESE VERB KASU - TO LEND

Verb Class 1

Stem kas - , kash-

Te form kashite

Infinitive kasi

Politekasimasebakasimasureba

kasimasen nara

ConditionalPlain kashitara kasanakattara

Polite kashimashitarakashimasen deshitara

PotentialPlain kaseru kasenai

Polite kasemasu kasemasen

CausativePlain kasaseru kasasenai

Polite kasasemasu kasasemasen

P a g e | 49

CONJUGATION OF JAP VERB KARIRU - TO BORROW, RENT

Verb Class 2

Stem kari -

Te form karite

Infinitive kari

Positive Negative

Present IndicativePlain kariru karinai

Polite karimasu karimasen

PresumptivePlain

kariyōkariru darō

karinai darō

Politekarimashōkariru deshō

karinai deshō

ImperativePlain kariro kariru na

Polite karite kudasai karinai de kudasai

Past IndicativePlain karita karinakatta

Polite karimashita karimasen deshita


karitarōkarita darō

karinakatta darō

Polite karita deshō karinakatta deshō

Present Progressive

Plain karite iru

Polite karite imasu karite imasen

Past ProgressivePlain karite ita

Polite karite imashitakarite imasen deshita

Provisional Plain karireba karinakereba

Polite karimaseba karimasen nara

P a g e | 50

CONJUGATION OF JAP VERB KARIRU - TO BORROW, RENT

Verb Class 2

Stem kari -

Te form karite

Infinitive kari

karimasureba

ConditionalPlain karitara karinakattara

Polite karimashitara karimasen deshitara

PotentialPlain karirareru karirarenai

Polite kariraremasu kariraremasen

CausativePlain karisaseru karisasenai

Polite karisasemasu karisasemasen

P a g e | 51

CONJUGATION OF JAPANESE VERB OSHIERU –TO TEACH, SHOW 教える

Verb Class 2

Stem oshie -

Te form oshiete

Infinitive oshieThis is for a guide only. Please double-check if you need to use the information for


Positive Negative

Present Indicative

Plain oshieru oshienai

Polite oshiemasu oshiemasen

PresumptivePlain

oshieyōoshieru darō

oshienai darō

Politeoshiemashōoshieru deshō

oshienai deshō

ImperativePlain oshiero oshieru na

Polite oshiete kudasai oshienai de kudasai

Past IndicativePlain oshieta oshienakatta

Polite oshiemashita oshiemasen deshita

Past Presumptive

Plainoshietarōoshieta darō

oshienakatta darō

Polite oshieta deshō oshienakatta deshō

Present Progressive

Plain oshiete iru

Polite oshiete imasu oshiete imasen

Past ProgressivePlain oshiete ita

Polite oshiete imashitaoshiete imasen deshita

P a g e | 52

CONJUGATION OF JAPANESE VERB OSHIERU –TO TEACH, SHOW 教える

Verb Class 2

Stem oshie -

Te form oshiete

Infinitive oshie

ProvisionalPlain oshiereba oshienakereba

Politeoshiemasebaoshiemasureba

oshiemasen nara

ConditionalPlain oshietara oshienakattara

Polite oshiemashitaraoshiemasen deshitara

Potential Plain oshierareru oshierarenai

Polite oshieraremasu oshieraremasen

CausativePlain oshiesaseru oshiesasenai

Polite oshiesasemasu oshiesasemasen

P a g e | 53

CONJUGATION OF JAPANESE VERB NARAU – TO LEARN

Verb Class 1

Stem nara -

Te form naratte

Infinitive narai

Positive Negative

Present IndicativePlain narau narawanai

Polite naraimasu naraimasen

PresumptivePlain

naraōnarau darō

narawanai darō

Politenaraimashōnarau deshō

narawanai deshō

ImperativePlain narae narau na

Polite naratte kudasainarawanai de kudasai

Past IndicativePlain naratta narawanakatta

Polite naraimashita naraimasen deshita


narattarōnaratta darō

narawanakatta darō

Polite naratta deshō narawanakatta deshō

Present Progressive

Plain naratte iru

Polite naratte imasu naratte imasen

Past ProgressivePlain naratte ita

Politenaratte imashita

naratte imasen deshita

Provisional Plain naraeba narawanakereba

P a g e | 54

CONJUGATION OF JAPANESE VERB NARAU – TO LEARN

Verb Class 1

Stem nara -

Te form naratte

Infinitive narai

Politenaraimasebanaraimasureba

naraimasen nara

ConditionalPlain narattara narawanakattara

Polite naraimashitara naraimasen deshitara

PotentialPlain naraeru naraenai

Polite naraemasu naraemasen

CausativePlain narawaseru narawasenai

Polite narawasemasu narawasemasen

P a g e | 55

CONJUGATION OF JAPANESE VERB KAKERU – TO HANG, SIT, TELEPHONE, RISK

Verb Class 2

Stem kake -

Te form kakete

Infinitive kake

Positive Negative

Present IndicativePlain kakeru kakenai

Polite kakemasu kakemasen

PresumptivePlain

kakeyōkakeru darō

kakenai darō

Politekakemashōkakeru deshō

kakenai deshō

ImperativePlain kakero kakeru na

Polite kakete kudasai kakenai de kudasai

Past IndicativePlain kaketa kakenakatta

Polite kakemashita kakemasen deshita


kaketarōkaketa darō

kakenakatta darō

Polite kaketa deshō kakenakatta deshō

Present Progressive

Plain kakete iru

Polite kakete imasu kakete imasen

Past ProgressivePlain kakete ita

Politekakete imashita

kakete imasen deshita

Provisional Plain kakereba kakenakereba

Polite kakemaseba kakemasen nara

P a g e | 56

CONJUGATION OF JAPANESE VERB KAKERU – TO HANG, SIT, TELEPHONE, RISK

Verb Class 2

Stem kake -

Te form kakete

Infinitive kake

kakemasureba

ConditionalPlain kaketara kakenakattara

Polite kakemashitara kakemasen deshitara

PotentialPlain kakerareru kakerarenai

Polite kakeraremasu kakeraremasen

CausativePlain kakesaseru kakesasenai

Polite kakesasemasu kakesasemasen

P a g e | 57

CONJUGATION OF JAPANESE VERB WAKARU –TO UNDERSTAND

Verb Class 1

Stem wakar -

Te form wakatte

Infinitive wakari

Positive Negative

Present Indicative

Plain wakaru wakaranai

Polite

wakarimasu wakarimasen

PresumptivePlain

wakarōwakaru darō

wakaranai darō

Polite

wakarimashōwakaru deshō

wakaranai deshō

ImperativePlain wakare wakaru na

Polite

wakatte kudasaiwakaranai de kudasai

Past IndicativePlain wakatta wakaranakatta

Polite

wakarimashita wakarimasen deshita


wakattarōwakatta darō

wakaranakatta darō

Polite

wakatta deshō wakaranakatta deshō

Present Progressive

Plain wakatte iru

Polite

wakatte imasu wakatte imasen

Past Progressive Plain wakatte ita

P a g e | 58

CONJUGATION OF JAPANESE VERB WAKARU –TO UNDERSTAND

Verb Class 1

Stem wakar -

Te form wakatte

Infinitive wakari

Polite

wakatte imashita

wakatte imasen deshita

ProvisionalPlain wakareba wakaranakereba

Polite

wakarimasebawakarimasureba

wakarimasen nara

ConditionalPlain wakattara wakaranakattara

Polite

wakarimashitarawakarimasen deshitara

PotentialPlain wakareru wakarenai

Polite

wakaremasu wakaremasen

CausativePlain wakaraseru wakarasenai

Polite

wakarasemasu wakarasemasen

P a g e | 59

CONJUGATION OF JAPANESE VERB ARU – TO HAVE, EXIST 有る

Verb Class 1

Stem ar -

Te form atte

InfinitiveAri

Exist, be (referring to inanimate thingsP

Positive Negative

Present Indicative

Plain aru nai

Polite arimasu arimasen

PresumptivePlain

arōaru darō

nai darō

Politearimashōaru deshō

nai deshō

ImperativePlain are aru na

Polite atte kudasai nai de kudasai

Past IndicativePlain atta nakatta

Polite arimashita arimasen deshita

Past Presumptive

Plainattarōatta darō

nakatta darō

Polite atta deshō nakatta deshō

Present Progressive

Plain atte iru

Polite atte imasu atte imasen

P a g e | 60

CONJUGATION OF JAPANESE VERB ARU – TO HAVE, EXIST 有る

Verb Class 1

Stem ar -

Te form atte

InfinitiveAri

Past Progressive

Plain atte ita

Politeatte imashita

atte imasen deshita

ProvisionalPlain areba nakereba

Politearimasebaarimasureba

arimasen nara

ConditionalPlain attara nakattara

Polite arimashitara arimasen deshitara

PotentialPlain areru arenai

Polite aremasu aremasen

CausativePlain araseru arasenai

Polite arasemasu arasemasen

P a g e | 61

CONJUGATION OF JAPANESE VERB IRU - TO BE 居る

Verb Class 2

Stem I -

Te form Ite

Infinitive Iexist , be ( referring to animate things)

Positive Negative

Present Indicative

Plain Iru Inai

Polite Imasu Imasen

PresumptivePlain

IyōIru darō

Inai darō

PoliteImashōIru deshō

Inai deshō

ImperativePlain Iro Iru na

Polite Ite kudasai Inai de kudasai

Past IndicativePlain Ita Inakatta

Polite Imashita Imasen deshita

Past Presumptive

PlainItarōIta darō

Inakatta darō

Polite Ita deshō Inakatta deshō

Present Progressive

Plain Ite iru

Polite Ite imasu Ite imasen

Past Progressive

Plain Ite ita

Polite Ite Ite imasen deshita

P a g e | 62

CONJUGATION OF JAPANESE VERB IRU - TO BE 居る

Verb Class 2

Stem I -

Te form Ite

Infinitive I

imashita

ProvisionalPlain Ireba Inakereba

PoliteImasebaImasureba

Imasen nara

ConditionalPlain Itara Inakattara

Polite Imashitara Imasen deshitara

PotentialPlain Irareru Irarenai

Polite Iraremasu Iraremasen

CausativePlain Isaseru Isasenai

Polite Isasemasu Isasemasen

P a g e | 63

CONJUGATION OF JAP VERB KAKARU –

TO TAKE, BEGIN, BE HANGING

Verb Class 1

Stem kakar -

Te form kakatte

Infinitive kakari

.

Positive Negative

Present Indicative

Plain kakaru kakaranai

Polite

kakarimasu kakarimasen

Presumptive

Plainkakarōkakaru darō

kakaranai darō

Polite

kakarimashōkakaru deshō

kakaranai deshō

Imperative

Plain kakare kakaru na

Polite

kakatte kudasai kakaranai de kudasai

Past Indicative Plain kakatta kakaranakatta

P a g e | 64



Verb Class 1

Stem kakar -

Te form kakatte

Infinitive kakari

Polite

kakarimashita kakarimasen deshita

Past Presumptive

Plainkakattarōkakatta darō

kakaranakatta darō

Polite

kakatta deshō kakaranakatta deshō

Present Progressive

Plain kakatte iru

Polite

kakatte imasu kakatte imasen

Past Progressive

Plain kakatte ita

Polite

kakatte imashita

kakatte imasen deshita

Provisional Plain kakareba kakaranakereba

P a g e | 65



Verb Class 1

Stem kakar -

Te form kakatte

Infinitive kakari

Polite

kakarimasebakakarimasureba

kakarimasen nara

Conditional

Plain kakattara kakaranakattara

Polite

kakarimashitarakakarimasen deshitara

Potential

Plain kakareru kakarenai

Polite

kakaremasu kakaremasen

Causative

Plain kakaraseru kakarasenai

Polite

kakarasemasu kakarasemasen

P a g e | 66

CONJUGATION OF JAPANESE VERB ASOBU - TO PLAY 遊ぶ

Verb Class 1

Stem asob -

Te form asonde

Infinitive asobi

Positive Negative

Present Indicative

Plain asobu asobanai

Polite

asobimasu asobimasen

Presumptive

Plainasobōasobu darō

asobanai darō

Polite

asobimashōasobu deshō

asobanai deshō

Imperative

Plain asobe asobu na

Polite

asonde kudasai asobanai de kudasai

Past Indicative Plain asonda asobanakatta

P a g e | 67


Verb Class 1

Stem asob -

Te form asonde

Infinitive asobi

Polite

asobimashita asobimasen deshita

Polite

asonda deshō asobanakatta deshō

Present Progressive

Plain asonde iru

Polite

asonde imasu asonde imasen

Past Progressive

Plain asonde ita

Polite

asonde imashita

asonde imasen deshita

Provisional Plain asobeba asobanakereba

Polit asobimaseba asobimasen nara

P a g e | 68


Verb Class 1

Stem asob -

Te form asonde

Infinitive asobi

e asobimasureba

Conditional

Plain asondara asobanakattara

Polite

asobimashitaraasobimasen deshitara

Potential

Plain asoberu asobenai

Polite

asobemasu asobemasen

Causative

Plain asobaseru asobasenai

Polite

asobasemasu asobasemasen

P a g e | 69

CONJUGATION OF JAPANESE VERB OYOGU - TO SWIM 泳ぐ

Verb Class 1

Stem oyog -

Te form oyoide

Infinitive oyogi

Positive Negative

Present Indicative

Plain oyogu oyoganai

Polite oyogimasu oyogimasen

PresumptivePlain

oyogōoyogu darō

oyoganai darō

Politeoyogimashōoyogu deshō

oyoganai deshō

ImperativePlain oyoge oyogu na

Polite oyoide kudasai oyoganai de kudasai

Past IndicativePlain oyoida oyoganakatta

Polite oyogimashita oyogimasen deshita

Past Presumptive Plain oyoidarōoyoida darō

oyoganakatta darō

P a g e | 70

CONJUGATION OF JAPANESE VERB OYOGU - TO SWIM 泳ぐ

Verb Class 1

Stem oyog -

Te form oyoide

Infinitive oyogi

Polite oyoida deshō oyoganakatta deshō

Present Progressive

Plain oyoide iru

Polite oyoide imasu oyoide imasen

Past ProgressivePlain oyoide ita

Polite oyoide imashitaoyoide imasen deshita

ProvisionalPlain oyogeba oyoganakereba

Politeoyogimasebaoyogimasureba

oyogimasen nara

ConditionalPlain oyoidara oyoganakattara

Polite oyogimashitaraoyogimasen deshitara

PotentialPlain oyogeru oyogenai

Polite oyogemasu oyogemasen

CausativePlain oyogaseru oyogasenai

Polite oyogasemasu oyogasemasen

P a g e | 71

CONJUGATION OF JAPANESE VERB MUKAERU –

TO GREET, MEET, WELCOME

Verb Class 2

Stem mukae -

Te form mukaete

Infinitive mukae

Positive Negative

Present Indicative

Plain mukaeru mukaenai

Polite mukaemasu mukaemasen

Presumptive

Plainmukaeyōmukaeru darō

mukaenai darō

Politemukaemashōmukaeru deshō

mukaenai deshō

ImperativePlain mukaero mukaeru na

Polite mukaete kudasai mukaenai de kudasai

Past IndicativePlain mukaeta mukaenakatta

Polite mukaemashita mukaemasen deshita

Past Plain mukaetarō mukaenakatta darō

P a g e | 72



Verb Class 2

Stem mukae -

Te form mukaete

Infinitive mukae

Presumptivemukaeta darō

Polite mukaeta deshō mukaenakatta deshō

Present Progressive

Plain mukaete iru

Polite mukaete imasu mukaete imasen

Past Progressive

Plain mukaete ita

Politemukaete imashita

mukaete imasen deshita

Provisional

Plain mukaereba mukaenakereba

Politemukaemasebamukaemasureba

mukaemasen nara

Conditional Plain mukaetara mukaenakattara

Polite mukaemashitara mukaemasen

P a g e | 73



Verb Class 2

Stem mukae -

Te form mukaete

Infinitive mukae

deshitara

PotentialPlain mukaerareru mukaerarenai

Polite mukaeraremasu mukaeraremasen

CausativePlain mukaesaseru mukaesasenai

Polite mukaesasemasu mukaesasemasen

P a g e | 74

CONJUGATION OF JAPANESE VERB TSUKARERU - TO GET TIRED

Verb Class 2

Stem tsukare -

Te form tsukarete

Infinitive tsukare

Positive Negative

Present Indicative

Plain tsukareru tsukarenai

Polite

tsukaremasu tsukaremasen

Presumptive

Plaintsukareyōtsukareru darō

tsukarenai darō

Polite

tsukaremashōtsukareru deshō

tsukarenai deshō

Imperative

Plain tsukarero tsukareru na

Polite

tsukarete kudasaitsukarenai de kudasai

Past Indicative Plain tsukareta tsukarenakatta

Polit tsukaremashita tsukaremasen

P a g e | 75


Verb Class 2

Stem tsukare -

Te form tsukarete

Infinitive tsukare

e deshita

Past Presumptive

Plaintsukaretarōtsukareta darō

tsukarenakatta darō

Polite

tsukareta deshōtsukarenakatta deshō

Present Progressive

Plain tsukarete iru

Polite

tsukarete imasu tsukarete imasen

Past Progressive

Plain tsukarete ita

Polite

tsukarete imashita

tsukarete imasen deshita

Provisional Plain tsukarereba tsukarenakereba

Polit tsukaremaseba tsukaremasen nara

P a g e | 76


Verb Class 2

Stem tsukare -

Te form tsukarete

Infinitive tsukare

e tsukaremasureba

Conditional

Plain tsukaretara tsukarenakattara

Polite

tsukaremashitaratsukaremasen deshitara

Potential

Plain tsukarerareru tsukarerarenai

Polite

tsukareraremasu tsukareraremasen

Causative

Plain tsukaresaseru tsukaresasenai

Polite

tsukaresasemasu tsukaresasemasen

P a g e | 77

CONJUGATION OF JAPANESE VERB DASU - TO EXTRACT, TAKE OUT 出す

Verb Class 1

Stem das - , dash-

Te form dashite

Infinitive dasi

Positive Negative

Present Indicative

Plain dasu dasanai

Polite dashimasu dashimasen

Presumptive

Plaindasōdasu darō

dasanai darō

Politedasimashōdasu deshō

dasanai deshō

ImperativePlain dase dasu na

Polite dashite kudasai dasanai de kudasai

Past IndicativePlain dashita dasanakatta

Polite dashimashita dashimasen deshita

P a g e | 78


Verb Class 1

Stem das - , dash-

Te form dashite

Infinitive dasi


dashitarōdashita darō

dasanakatta darō

Polite dashita deshō dasanakatta deshō

Present Progressive

Plain dashite iru

Polite dashite imasu dashite imasen

Past Progressive

Plain dashite ita

Polite dashite imashitadashite imasen deshita

Provisional

Plain daseba dasanakereba

Politedasimasebadasimasureba

dasimasen nara

Conditional Plain dashitara dasanakattara

Polite dashimashitara dashimasen

P a g e | 79


Verb Class 1

Stem das - , dash-

Te form dashite

Infinitive dasi

deshitara

PotentialPlain daseru dasenai

Polite dasemasu dasemasen

CausativePlain dasaseru dasasenai

Polite dasasemasu dasasemasen

P a g e | 80

CONJUGATION OF JAPANESE VERB HAIRU - TO ENTER 入る

Verb Class 1

Stem hair -

Te form haitte

Infinitive hairi

Positive Negative

Present IndicativePlain hairu hairanai

Polite hairimasu hairimasen

Presumptive

Plainhairōhairu darō

hairanai darō

Politehairimashōhairu deshō

hairanai deshō

ImperativePlain haire hairu na

Polite haitte kudasai hairanai de kudasai

Past IndicativePlain haitta hairanakatta

Polite hairimashita hairimasen deshita

Past Presumptive Plain haittarō hairanakatta darō

P a g e | 81


Verb Class 1

Stem hair -

Te form haitte

Infinitive hairi

haitta darō

Polite haitta deshō hairanakatta deshō

Present Progressive

Plain haitte iru

Polite haitte imasu haitte imasen

Past Progressive

Plain haitte ita

Polite haitte imashitahaitte imasen deshita

Provisional

Plain haireba hairanakereba

Politehairimasebahairimasureba

hairimasen nara

ConditionalPlain haittara hairanakattara

Polite hairimashitara hairimasen deshitara

Potential Plain haireru hairenai

P a g e | 82


Verb Class 1

Stem hair -

Te form haitte

Infinitive hairi

Polite hairemasu hairemasen

CausativePlain hairaseru hairasenai

Polite hairasemasu hairasemasen

P a g e | 83

CONJUGATION OF JAPANESE VERB DERU - TO GO OUT 出る

Verb Class 2

Stem de -

Te form dete

Infinitive de

Positive Negative

Present IndicativePlain deru denai

Polite demasu demasen

Presumptive

Plaindeyōderu darō

denai darō

Politedemashōderu deshō

denai deshō

ImperativePlain dero deru na

Polite dete kudasai denai de kudasai

Past IndicativePlain deta denakatta

Polite demashita demasen deshita

Past Presumptive Plain detarō denakatta darō

P a g e | 84


Verb Class 2

Stem de -

Te form dete

Infinitive de

deta darō

Polite deta deshō denakatta deshō

Present ProgressivePlain dete iru

Polite dete imasu dete imasen

Past ProgressivePlain dete ita

Polite dete imashita dete imasen deshita

Provisional

Plain dereba denakereba

Politedemasebademasureba

demasen nara

ConditionalPlain detara denakattara

Polite demashitara demasen deshitara

Potential Plain derareru derarenai

P a g e | 85


Verb Class 2

Stem de -

Te form dete

Infinitive de

Polite deraremasu deraremasen

CausativePlain desaseru desasenai

Polite desasemasu desasemasen

P a g e | 86

CONJUGATION OF JAPANESE VERB TSUKERU - TO TURN ON, LIGHT

Verb Class 2

Stem tsuke -

Te form tsukete

Infinitive tsuke

.

Positive Negative

Present Indicative

Plain tsukeru tsukenai

Polite tsukemasu tsukemasen

Presumptive

Plaintsukeyōtsukeru darō

tsukenai darō

Politetsukemashōtsukeru deshō

tsukenai deshō

ImperativePlain tsukero tsukeru na

Polite tsukete kudasai tsukenai de kudasai

Past IndicativePlain tsuketa tsukenakatta

Polite tsukemashita tsukemasen deshita

P a g e | 87


Verb Class 2

Stem tsuke -

Te form tsukete

Infinitive tsuke


tsuketarōtsuketa darō

tsukenakatta darō

Polite tsuketa deshō tsukenakatta deshō

Present Progressive

Plain tsukete iru

Polite tsukete imasu tsukete imasen

Past Progressive

Plain tsukete ita

Politetsukete imashita

tsukete imasen deshita

Provisional

Plain tsukereba tsukenakereba

Politetsukemasebatsukemasureba

tsukemasen nara

Conditional Plain tsuketara tsukenakattara

Polite tsukemashitara tsukemasen

P a g e | 88


Verb Class 2

Stem tsuke -

Te form tsukete

Infinitive tsuke

deshitara

PotentialPlain tsukerareru tsukerarenai

Polite tsukeraremasu tsukeraremasen

CausativePlain tsukesaseru tsukesasenai

Polite tsukesasemasu tsukesasemasen

P a g e | 89

CONJUGATION OF JAPANESE VERB KESU - TO ERASE, TURN OFF

Verb Class 1

Stem kes - , kesh-

Te form keshite

Infinitive kesi

Positive Negative

Present Indicative

Plain kesu kesanai

Polite

keshimasu keshimasen

Presumptive

Plainkesōkesu darō

kesanai darō

Polite

kesimashōkesu deshō

kesanai deshō

Imperative

Plain kese kesu na

Polite

keshite kudasai kesanai de kudasai

Past Indicative Plain keshita kesanakatta

P a g e | 90


Verb Class 1

Stem kes - , kesh-

Te form keshite

Infinitive kesi

Polite

keshimashita keshimasen deshita

Past Presumptive

Plainkeshitarōkeshita darō

kesanakatta darō

Polite

keshita deshō kesanakatta deshō

Present Progressive

Plain keshite iru

Polite

keshite imasu keshite imasen

Past Progressive

Plain keshite ita

Polite

keshite imashita

keshite imasen deshita

Provisional Plain keseba kesanakereba

P a g e | 91


Verb Class 1

Stem kes - , kesh-

Te form keshite

Infinitive kesi

Polite

kesimasebakesimasureba

kesimasen nara

Conditional

Plain keshitara kesanakattara

Polite

keshimashitarakeshimasen deshitara

Potential

Plain keseru kesenai

Polite

kesemasu kesemasen

Causative

Plain kesaseru kesasenai

Polite

kesasemasu kesasemasen

P a g e | 92

CONJUGATION OF JAPANESE VERB AKERU - TO OPEN 開ける

Verb Class 2

Stem ake -

Te form akete

Infinitive ake

Positive Negative

Present IndicativePlain akeru akenai

Polite akemasu akemasen

Presumptive

Plainakeyōakeru darō

akenai darō

Politeakemashōakeru deshō

akenai deshō

Imperative Plain akero akeru na

Polite akete kudasai akenai de kudasai

P a g e | 93


Verb Class 2

Stem ake -

Te form akete

Infinitive ake

Past IndicativePlain aketa akenakatta

Polite akemashita akemasen deshita


aketarōaketa darō

akenakatta darō

Polite aketa deshō akenakatta deshō

Present Progressive

Plain akete iru

Polite akete imasu akete imasen

Past Progressive

Plain akete ita

Politeakete imashita

akete imasen deshita

Provisional Plain akereba akenakereba

Polite akemaseba akemasen nara

P a g e | 94


Verb Class 2

Stem ake -

Te form akete

Infinitive ake

akemasureba

ConditionalPlain aketara akenakattara

Polite akemashitara akemasen deshitara

PotentialPlain akerareru akerarenai

Polite akeraremasu akeraremasen

CausativePlain akesaseru akesasenai

Polite akesasemasu akesasemasen

P a g e | 95

CONJUGATION OF JAPANESE VERB SHIMERU - TO SHUT 閉める

Verb Class 2

Stem shime -

Te form shimete

Infinitive shime

This is for a guide only. Please double-check if you need to use the information for something important. I've done my best to get everything right but like any self respecting software there

may be bugs in it! .

Positive Negative

Present Indicative

Plain shimeru shimenai

Polite shimemasu shimemasen

Presumptive

Plainshimeyōshimeru darō

shimenai darō

Politeshimemashōshimeru deshō

shimenai deshō

ImperativePlain shimero shimeru na

Polite shimete kudasai shimenai de kudasai

P a g e | 96


Verb Class 2

Stem shime -

Te form shimete

Infinitive shime

Past Indicative

Plain shimeta shimenakatta

Polite shimemashitashimemasen deshita

Past Presumptive

Plainshimetarōshimeta darō

shimenakatta darō

Polite shimeta deshō shimenakatta deshō

Present Progressive

Plain shimete iru

Polite shimete imasu shimete imasen

Past Progressive

Plain shimete ita

Polite shimete imashitashimete imasen deshita

Provisional Plain shimereba shimenakereba

Polite shimemaseba shimemasen nara

P a g e | 97


Verb Class 2

Stem shime -

Te form shimete

Infinitive shime

shimemasureba

Conditional

Plain shimetara shimenakattara

Polite shimemashitarashimemasen deshitara

PotentialPlain shimerareru shimerarenai

Polite shimeraremasu shimeraremasen

CausativePlain shimesaseru shimesasenai

Polite shimesasemasu shimesasemasen

P a g e | 98

CONJUGATION OF JAPANESE VERB ISOGU - TO HURRY 急ぐ

Verb Class 1

Stem isog -

Te form isoide

Infinitive isogi

Positive Negative

Present Indicative

Plain isogu isoganai

Polite

isogimasu isogimasen

Presumptive

Plainisogōisogu darō

isoganai darō

Polite

isogimashōisogu deshō

isoganai deshō

Imperative

Plain isoge isogu na

Polite

isoide kudasai isoganai de kudasai

Past Indicative Plain isoida isoganakatta

Polit isogimashita isogimasen deshita

P a g e | 99


Verb Class 1

Stem isog -

Te form isoide

Infinitive isogi

e

Past Presumptive

Plainisoidarōisoida darō

isoganakatta darō

Polite

isoida deshō isoganakatta deshō

Present Progressive

Plain isoide iru

Polite

isoide imasu isoide imasen

Past Progressive

Plain isoide ita

Polite

isoide imashita

isoide imasen deshita

Provisional

Plain isogeba isoganakereba

Polite

isogimasebaisogimasureba

isogimasen nara

P a g e | 100


Verb Class 1

Stem isog -

Te form isoide

Infinitive isogi

Conditional

Plain isoidara isoganakattara

Polite

isogimashitaraisogimasen deshitara

Potential

Plain isogeru isogenai

Polite

isogemasu isogemasen

Causative

Plain isogaseru isogasenai

Polite

isogasemasu isogasemasen

P a g e | 101

CONJUGATION OF JAPANESE VERB MATSU - TO WAIT

Verb Class 1

Stem mat - , mach-

Te form matte

Infinitive machi

Positive Negative

Present IndicativePlain matsu matanai

Polite machimasu machimasen

Presumptive

Plainmatōmatsu darō

matanai darō

Politemachimashōmatsu deshō

matanai deshō

ImperativePlain mate matsu na

Polite matte kudasai matanai de kudasai

Past Indicative Plain matta matanakatta

Polite machimashita machimasen deshita

P a g e | 102


Verb Class 1

Stem mat - , mach-

Te form matte

Infinitive machi


mattarōmatta darō

matanakatta darō

Polite matta deshō matanakatta deshō

Present Progressive

Plain matte iru

Polite matte imasu matte imasen

Past Progressive

Plain matte ita

Polite matte imashitamatte imasen deshita

Provisional

Plain matseba matanakereba

Politemachimasebamachimasureba

machimasen nara

Conditional Plain mattara matanakattara

P a g e | 103


Verb Class 1

Stem mat - , mach-

Te form matte

Infinitive machi

Polite machimashitaramachimasen deshitara

PotentialPlain materu matenai

Polite matemasu matemasen

CausativePlain mataseru matasenai

Polite matasemasu matasemase

P a g e | 104

CONJUGATION OF JAPANESE VERB TOMERU - TO STOP, FASTEN

Verb Class 2

Stem tome -

Te form tomete

Infinitive tome

Positive Negative

Present Indicative

Plain tomeru tomenai

Polite tomemasu tomemasen

Presumptive

Plaintomeyōtomeru darō

tomenai darō

Politetomemashōtomeru deshō

tomenai deshō

ImperativePlain tomero tomeru na

Polite tomete kudasai tomenai de kudasai

Past IndicativePlain tometa tomenakatta

Polite tomemashita tomemasen deshita

P a g e | 105


Verb Class 2

Stem tome -

Te form tomete

Infinitive tome


tometarōtometa darō

tomenakatta darō

Polite tometa deshō tomenakatta deshō

Present Progressive

Plain tomete iru

Polite tomete imasu tomete imasen

Past Progressive

Plain tomete ita

Politetomete imashita

tomete imasen deshita

Provisional

Plain tomereba tomenakereba

Politetomemasebatomemasureba

tomemasen nara

Conditional Plain tometara tomenakattara

Polite tomemashitara tomemasen

P a g e | 106


Verb Class 2

Stem tome -

Te form tomete

Infinitive tome

deshitara

PotentialPlain tomerareru tomerarenai

Polite tomeraremasu tomeraremasen

CausativePlain tomesaseru tomesasenai

Polite tomesasemasu tomesasemasen

P a g e | 107

CONJUGATION OF JAPANESE VERB MAGARU - TO TURN, BEND 曲げる

Verb Class 1

Stem magar -

Te form magatte

Infinitive magari

Positive Negative

Present Indicative

Plain magaru magaranai

Polite magarimasu magarimasen

Presumptive

Plainmagarōmagaru darō

magaranai darō

Politemagarimashōmagaru deshō

magaranai deshō

Imperative

Plain magare magaru na

Polite magatte kudasaimagaranai de kudasai

Past Indicative Plain magatta magaranakatta

Polite magarimashita magarimasen

P a g e | 108


Verb Class 1

Stem magar -

Te form magatte

Infinitive magari

deshita

Past Presumptive

Plainmagattarōmagatta darō

magaranakatta darō

Polite magatta deshōmagaranakatta deshō

Present Progressive

Plain magatte iru

Polite magatte imasu magatte imasen

Past Progressive

Plain magatte ita

Polite magatte imashitamagatte imasen deshita

Provisional

Plain magareba magaranakereba

Politemagarimasebamagarimasureba

magarimasen nara

P a g e | 109


Verb Class 1

Stem magar -

Te form magatte

Infinitive magari

Conditional

Plain magattara magaranakattara

Polite magarimashitaramagarimasen deshitara

PotentialPlain magareru magarenai

Polite magaremasu magaremasen

CausativePlain magaraseru magarasenai

Polite magarasemasu magarasemasen

P a g e | 110

CONJUGATION OF JAPANESE VERB MOTSU - TO HOLD

Verb Class 1

Stem mot - , moch-

Te form motte

Infinitive mochi

Positive Negative

Present IndicativePlain motsu motanai

Polite mochimasu mochimasen

Presumptive

Plainmotōmotsu darō

motanai darō

Politemochimashōmotsu deshō

motanai deshō

ImperativePlain mote motsu na

Polite motte kudasai motanai de kudasai

Past IndicativePlain motta motanakatta

Polite mochimashita mochimasen deshita

Past Presumptive Plain mottarō motanakatta darō

P a g e | 111


Verb Class 1

Stem mot - , moch-

Te form motte

Infinitive mochi

motta darō

Polite motta deshō motanakatta deshō

Present Progressive

Plain motte iru

Polite motte imasu motte imasen

Past Progressive

Plain motte ita

Polite motte imashitamotte imasen deshita

Provisional

Plain motseba motanakereba

Politemochimasebamochimasureba

mochimasen nara

Conditional

Plain mottara motanakattara

Polite mochimashitaramochimasen deshitara

P a g e | 112


Verb Class 1

Stem mot - , moch-

Te form motte

Infinitive mochi

PotentialPlain moteru motenai

Polite motemasu motemasen

Causative Plain motaseru motasenai

Polite motasemasu motasemasen

P a g e | 113

CONJUGATION OF JAPANESE VERB TORU - TO TAKE, STEAL

Verb Class 1

Stem tor -

Te form totte

Infinitive tori

Positive Negative

Present IndicativePlain toru toranai

Polite torimasu torimasen

Presumptive

Plaintorōtoru darō

toranai darō

Politetorimashōtoru deshō

toranai deshō

ImperativePlain tore toru na

Polite totte kudasai toranai de kudasai

Past IndicativePlain totta toranakatta

Polite torimashita torimasen deshita

Past Presumptive Plain tottarō toranakatta darō

P a g e | 114


Verb Class 1

Stem tor -

Te form totte

Infinitive tori

totta darō

Polite totta deshō toranakatta deshō

Present ProgressivePlain totte iru

Polite totte imasu totte imasen

Past ProgressivePlain totte ita

Polite totte imashita totte imasen deshita

Provisional

Plain toreba toranakereba

Politetorimasebatorimasureba

torimasen nara

ConditionalPlain tottara toranakattara

Polite torimashitara torimasen deshitara

Potential Plain toreru torenai

P a g e | 115


Verb Class 1

Stem tor -

Te form totte

Infinitive tori

Polite toremasu toremasen

CausativePlain toraseru torasenai

Polite torasemasu torasemasen

P a g e | 116

CONJUGATION OF JAPANESE VERB TETSUDAU - TO HELP

Verb Class 1

Stem tetsuda -

Te form tetsudatte

Infinitive tetsudai

Positive Negative

Present Indicative

Plain tetsudau tetsudawanai

Polite tetsudaimasu tetsudaimasen

Presumptive

Plaintetsudaōtetsudau darō

tetsudawanai darō

Politetetsudaimashōtetsudau deshō

tetsudawanai deshō

Imperative

Plain tetsudae tetsudau na

Polite tetsudatte kudasaitetsudawanai de kudasai

Past Indicative Plain tetsudatta tetsudawanakatta

Polite tetsudaimashita tetsudaimasen

P a g e | 117


Verb Class 1

Stem tetsuda -

Te form tetsudatte

Infinitive tetsudai

deshita

Past Presumptive

Plaintetsudattarōtetsudatta darō

tetsudawanakatta darō

Polite tetsudatta deshōtetsudawanakatta deshō

Present Progressive

Plain tetsudatte iru

Polite tetsudatte imasu tetsudatte imasen

Past Progressive

Plain tetsudatte ita

Politetetsudatte imashita

tetsudatte imasen deshita

Provisional

Plain tetsudaeba tetsudawanakereba

Politetetsudaimasebatetsudaimasureba

tetsudaimasen nara

Conditional Plain tetsudattara tetsudawanakattara

P a g e | 118


Verb Class 1

Stem tetsuda -

Te form tetsudatte

Infinitive tetsudai

Polite tetsudaimashitaratetsudaimasen deshitara

PotentialPlain tetsudaeru tetsudaenai

Polite tetsudaemasu tetsudaemasen

CausativePlain tetsudawaseru tetsudawasenai

Polite tetsudawasemasu tetsudawasemasen

P a g e | 119

CONJUGATION OF JAPANESE VERB YOBU - TO CALL

Verb Class 1

Stem yob -

Te form yonde

Infinitive yobi

Positive Negative

Present IndicativePlain yobu yobanai

Polite yobimasu yobimasen

Presumptive

Plainyobōyobu darō

yobanai darō

Politeyobimashōyobu deshō

yobanai deshō

ImperativePlain yobe yobu na

Polite yonde kudasai yobanai de kudasai

Past IndicativePlain yonda yobanakatta

Polite yobimashita yobimasen deshita

Past Presumptive Plain yondarō yobanakatta darō

P a g e | 120


Verb Class 1

Stem yob -

Te form yonde

Infinitive yobi

yonda darō

Polite yonda deshō yobanakatta deshō

Present Progressive

Plain yonde iru

Polite yonde imasu yonde imasen

Past Progressive

Plain yonde ita

Politeyonde imashita

yonde imasen deshita

Provisional

Plain yobeba yobanakereba

Politeyobimasebayobimasureba

yobimasen nara

ConditionalPlain yondara yobanakattara

Polite yobimashitara yobimasen deshitara

Potential Plain yoberu yobenai

P a g e | 121


Verb Class 1

Stem yob -

Te form yonde

Infinitive yobi

Polite yobemasu yobemasen

CausativePlain yobaseru yobasenai

Polite yobasemasu yobasemasen

P a g e | 122

CONJUGATION OF JAPANESE VERB HANASU - TO SPEAK 話

Verb Class 1

Stem hanas - , hanash-

Te form hanashite

Infinitive hanasi

Positive Negative

Present Indicative

Plain hanasu hanasanai

Polite

hanashimasu hanashimasen

Presumptive

Plainhanasōhanasu darō

hanasanai darō

Polite

hanasimashōhanasu deshō

hanasanai deshō

Imperative

Plain hanase hanasu na

Polite

hanashite kudasaihanasanai de kudasai

Past Indicative Plain hanashita hanasanakatta

Polit hanashimashita hanashimasen

P a g e | 123


Verb Class 1


Te form hanashite

Infinitive hanasi

e deshita

Past Presumptive

Plainhanashitarōhanashita darō

hanasanakatta darō

Polite

hanashita deshōhanasanakatta deshō

Present Progressive

Plain hanashite iru

Polite

hanashite imasu hanashite imasen

Past Progressive

Plain hanashite ita

Polite

hanashite imashita

hanashite imasen deshita

Provisional

Plain hanaseba hanasanakereba

Polite

hanasimasebahanasimasureba

hanasimasen nara

P a g e | 124


Verb Class 1


Te form hanashite

Infinitive hanasi

Conditional

Plain hanashitara hanasanakattara

Polite

hanashimashitarahanashimasen deshitara

Potential

Plain hanaseru hanasenai

Polite

hanasemasu hanasemasen

Causative

Plain hanasaseru hanasasenai

Polite

hanasasemasu hanasasemasen

P a g e | 125

CONJUGATION OF JAPANESE VERB MISERU - TO SHOW 見せる

Verb Class 2

Stem mise -

Te form misete

Infinitive mise



Positive Negative

Present Indicative

Plain miseru misenai

Polite misemasu misemasen

Presumptive

Plainmiseyōmiseru darō

misenai darō

Politemisemashōmiseru deshō

misenai deshō

ImperativePlain misero miseru na

Polite misete kudasai misenai de kudasai

Past Indicative Plain miseta misenakatta

Polite misemashita misemasen deshita

P a g e | 126


Verb Class 2

Stem mise -

Te form misete

Infinitive mise

Past Presumptive

Plainmisetarōmiseta darō

misenakatta darō

Polite miseta deshō misenakatta deshō

Present Progressive

Plain misete iru

Polite misete imasu misete imasen

Past Progressive

Plain misete ita

Polite misete imashitamisete imasen deshita

Provisional

Plain misereba misenakereba

Politemisemasebamisemasureba

misemasen nara

Conditional Plain misetara misenakattara

P a g e | 127


Verb Class 2

Stem mise -

Te form misete

Infinitive mise

Polite misemashitaramisemasen deshitara

PotentialPlain miserareru miserarenai

Polite miseraremasu miseraremasen

CausativePlain misesaseru misesasenai

Polite misesasemasu misesasemasen

P a g e | 128

CONJUGATION OF JAPANESE VERB HAJIMERU - TO BEGIN

Verb Class 2

Stem hajime -

Te form hajimete

Infinitive hajime

Positive Negative

Present Indicative

Plain hajimeru hajimenai

Polite

hajimemasu hajimemasen

Presumptive

Plainhajimeyōhajimeru darō

hajimenai darō

Polite

hajimemashōhajimeru deshō

hajimenai deshō

Imperative

Plain hajimero hajimeru na

Polite

hajimete kudasai hajimenai de kudasai

Past Indicative Plain hajimeta hajimenakatta

Polit hajimemashita hajimemasen deshita

P a g e | 129


Verb Class 2

Stem hajime -

Te form hajimete

Infinitive hajime

e

Past Presumptive

Plainhajimetarōhajimeta darō

hajimenakatta darō

Polite

hajimeta deshō hajimenakatta deshō

Present Progressive

Plain hajimete iru

Polite

hajimete imasu hajimete imasen

Past Progressive

Plain hajimete ita

Polite

hajimete imashita

hajimete imasen deshita

Provisional

Plain hajimereba hajimenakereba

Polite

hajimemasebahajimemasureba

hajimemasen nara

P a g e | 130


Verb Class 2

Stem hajime -

Te form hajimete

Infinitive hajime

Conditional

Plain hajimetara hajimenakattara

Polite

hajimemashitarahajimemasen deshitara

Potential

Plain hajimerareru hajimerarenai

Polite

hajimeraremasu hajimeraremasen

Causative

Plain hajimesaseru hajimesasenai

Polite

hajimesasemasu hajimesasemasen

P a g e | 131

CONJUGATION OF JAPANESE VERB TATSU - TO STAND UP 立つ

Verb Class 1

Stem tat - , tach-

Te form tatte

Infinitive tachi

Positive Negative

Present IndicativePlain tatsu tatanai

Polite tachimasu tachimasen

Presumptive

Plaintatōtatsu darō

tatanai darō

Politetachimashōtatsu deshō

tatanai deshō

ImperativePlain tate tatsu na

Polite tatte kudasai tatanai de kudasai

Past IndicativePlain tatta tatanakatta

Polite tachimashita tachimasen deshita

P a g e | 132


Verb Class 1

Stem tat - , tach-

Te form tatte

Infinitive tachi


tattarōtatta darō

tatanakatta darō

Polite tatta deshō tatanakatta deshō

Present Progressive

Plain tatte iru

Polite tatte imasu tatte imasen

Past ProgressivePlain tatte ita

Polite tatte imashita tatte imasen deshita

Provisional

Plain tatseba tatanakereba

Politetachimasebatachimasureba

tachimasen nara

Conditional Plain tattara tatanakattara

Polite tachimashitara tachimasen

P a g e | 133


Verb Class 1

Stem tat - , tach-

Te form tatte

Infinitive tachi

deshitara

PotentialPlain tateru tatenai

Polite tatemasu tatemasen

CausativePlain tataseru tatasenai

Polite tatasemasu tatasemasen

P a g e | 134

CONJUGATION OF JAPANESE VERB SUWARU - TO SIT 座る

Verb Class 1

Stem suwar -

Te form suwatte

Infinitive suwari

Positive Negative

Present Indicative

Plain suwaru suwaranai

Polite suwarimasu suwarimasen

Presumptive

Plainsuwarōsuwaru darō

suwaranai darō

Politesuwarimashōsuwaru deshō

suwaranai deshō

Imperative

Plain suware suwaru na

Polite suwatte kudasaisuwaranai de kudasai

Past IndicativePlain suwatta suwaranakatta

Polite suwarimashita suwarimasen deshita

P a g e | 135


Verb Class 1

Stem suwar -

Te form suwatte

Infinitive suwari

Past Presumptive

Plainsuwattarōsuwatta darō

suwaranakatta darō

Polite suwatta deshōsuwaranakatta deshō

Present Progressive

Plain suwatte iru

Polite suwatte imasu suwatte imasen

Past Progressive

Plain suwatte ita

Politesuwatte imashita

suwatte imasen deshita

Provisional

Plain suwareba suwaranakereba

Politesuwarimasebasuwarimasureba

suwarimasen nara

Conditional Plain suwattara suwaranakattara

Polite suwarimashitara suwarimasen

P a g e | 136


Verb Class 1

Stem suwar -

Te form suwatte

Infinitive suwari

deshitara

PotentialPlain suwareru suwarenai

Polite suwaremasu suwaremasen

CausativePlain suwaraseru suwarasenai

Polite suwarasemasu suwarasemasen

P a g e | 137

CONJUGATION OF JAPANESE VERB TSUKAU - TO USE, OPERATE

Verb Class 1

Stem tsuka -

Te form tsukatte

Infinitive tsukai

Positive Negative

Present Indicative

Plain tsukau tsukawanai

Polite tsukaimasu tsukaimasen

Presumptive

Plaintsukaōtsukau darō

tsukawanai darō

Politetsukaimashōtsukau deshō

tsukawanai deshō

Imperative

Plain tsukae tsukau na

Polite tsukatte kudasaitsukawanai de kudasai

Past Indicative Plain tsukatta tsukawanakatta

Polite tsukaimashita tsukaimasen deshita

P a g e | 138


Verb Class 1

Stem tsuka -

Te form tsukatte

Infinitive tsukai

Past Presumptive

Plaintsukattarōtsukatta darō

tsukawanakatta darō

Polite tsukatta deshōtsukawanakatta deshō

Present Progressive

Plain tsukatte iru

Polite tsukatte imasu tsukatte imasen

Past Progressive

Plain tsukatte ita

Politetsukatte imashita

tsukatte imasen deshita

Provisional

Plain tsukaeba tsukawanakereba

Politetsukaimasebatsukaimasureba

tsukaimasen nara

P a g e | 139


Verb Class 1

Stem tsuka -

Te form tsukatte

Infinitive tsukai

Conditional

Plain tsukattara tsukawanakattara

Polite tsukaimashitaratsukaimasen deshitara

PotentialPlain tsukaeru tsukaenai

Polite tsukaemasu tsukaemasen

CausativePlain tsukawaseru tsukawasenai

Polite tsukawasemasu tsukawasemasen

P a g e | 140

CONJUGATION OF JAPANESE VERB OKU - TO PUT, PLACE

Verb Class 1

Stem ok -

Te form oite

Infinitive oki

Positive Negative

Present IndicativePlain oku okanai

Polite okimasu okimasen

Presumptive

Plainokōoku darō

okanai darō

Politeokimashōoku deshō

okanai deshō

ImperativePlain oke oku na

Polite oite kudasai okanai de kudasai

Past IndicativePlain oita okanakatta

Polite okimashita okimasen deshita

Past Presumptive Plain oitarō okanakatta darō

P a g e | 141


Verb Class 1

Stem ok -

Te form oite

Infinitive oki

oita darō

Polite oita deshō okanakatta deshō

Present ProgressivePlain oite iru

Polite oite imasu oite imasen

Past Progressive

Plain oite ita

Politeoite imashita

oite imasen deshita

Provisional

Plain okeba okanakereba

Politeokimasebaokimasureba

okimasen nara

ConditionalPlain oitara okanakattara

Polite okimashitara okimasen deshitara

Potential Plain okeru okenai

P a g e | 142


Verb Class 1

Stem ok -

Te form oite

Infinitive oki

Polite okemasu okemasen

CausativePlain okaseru okasenai

Polite okasemasu okasemasen

P a g e | 143

CONJUGATION OF JAPANESE VERB TSUKURU - TO MAKE, BUILD, CREATE 作る

Verb Class 1

Stem tsukur -

Te form tsukutte

Infinitive tsukuri

Positive Negative

Present Indicative

Plain tsukuru tsukuranai

Polite tsukurimasu tsukurimasen

Presumptive

Plaintsukurōtsukuru darō

tsukuranai darō

Politetsukurimashōtsukuru deshō

tsukuranai deshō

Imperative

Plain tsukure tsukuru na

Polite tsukutte kudasaitsukuranai de kudasai

Past Indicative Plain tsukutta tsukuranakatta

Polite tsukurimashita tsukurimasen

P a g e | 144


Verb Class 1

Stem tsukur -

Te form tsukutte

Infinitive tsukuri

deshita

Past Presumptive

Plaintsukuttarōtsukutta darō

tsukuranakatta darō

Polite tsukutta deshōtsukuranakatta deshō

Present Progressive

Plain tsukutte iru

Polite tsukutte imasu tsukutte imasen

Past Progressive

Plain tsukutte ita

Polite tsukutte imashitatsukutte imasen deshita

Provisional

Plain tsukureba tsukuranakereba

Politetsukurimasebatsukurimasureba

tsukurimasen nara

P a g e | 145


Verb Class 1

Stem tsukur -

Te form tsukutte

Infinitive tsukuri

Conditional

Plain tsukuttara tsukuranakattara

Polite tsukurimashitaratsukurimasen deshitara

PotentialPlain tsukureru tsukurenai

Polite tsukuremasu tsukuremasen

CausativePlain tsukuraseru tsukurasenai

Polite tsukurasemasu tsukurasemasen

P a g e | 146

CONJUGATION OF JAPANESE VERB URU - TO SELL 売る

Verb Class 1

Stem ur -

Te form utte

Infinitive uri

Positive Negative

Present IndicativePlain uru uranai

Polite urimasu urimasen

Presumptive

Plainurōuru darō

uranai darō

Politeurimashōuru deshō

uranai deshō

ImperativePlain ure uru na

Polite utte kudasai uranai de kudasai

Past IndicativePlain utta uranakatta

Polite urimashita urimasen deshita

Past Presumptive Plain uttarō uranakatta darō

P a g e | 147


Verb Class 1

Stem ur -

Te form utte

Infinitive uri

utta darō

Polite utta deshō uranakatta deshō

Present ProgressivePlain utte iru

Polite utte imasu utte imasen

Past ProgressivePlain utte ita

Polite utte imashita utte imasen deshita

Provisional

Plain ureba uranakereba

Politeurimasebaurimasureba

urimasen nara

ConditionalPlain uttara uranakattara

Polite urimashitara urimasen deshitara

Potential Plain ureru urenai

P a g e | 148


Verb Class 1

Stem ur -

Te form utte

Infinitive uri

Polite uremasu uremasen

CausativePlain uraseru urasenai

Polite urasemasu urasemasen

P a g e | 149

CONJUGATION OF JAPANESE VERB SHIRU - TO KNOW 知る

Verb Class 1

Stem shir -

Te form shitte

Infinitive shiri

Positive Negative

Present IndicativePlain shiru shiranai

Polite shirimasu shirimasen

Presumptive

Plainshirōshiru darō

shiranai darō

Politeshirimashōshiru deshō

shiranai deshō

ImperativePlain shire shiru na

Polite shitte kudasai shiranai de kudasai

Past IndicativePlain shitta shiranakatta

Polite shirimashita shirimasen deshita

Past Presumptive Plain shittarō shiranakatta darō

P a g e | 150


Verb Class 1

Stem shir -

Te form shitte

Infinitive shiri

shitta darō

Polite shitta deshō shiranakatta deshō

Present Progressive

Plain shitte iru

Polite shitte imasu shitte imasen

Past Progressive

Plain shitte ita

Polite shitte imashitashitte imasen deshita

Provisional

Plain shireba shiranakereba

Politeshirimasebashirimasureba

shirimasen nara

ConditionalPlain shittara shiranakattara

Polite shirimashitara shirimasen deshitara

Potential Plain shireru shirenai

P a g e | 151


Verb Class 1

Stem shir -

Te form shitte

Infinitive shiri

Polite shiremasu shiremasen

CausativePlain shiraseru shirasenai

Polite shirasemasu shirasemasen

P a g e | 152

CONJUGATION OF JAPANESE VERB SUMU - TO LIVE

Verb Class 1

Stem sum -

Te form sunde

Infinitive sumi

Positive Negative

Present IndicativePlain sumu sumanai

Polite sumimasu sumimasen

Presumptive

Plainsumōsumu darō

sumanai darō

Politesumimashōsumu deshō

sumanai deshō

ImperativePlain sume sumu na

Polite sunde kudasai sumanai de kudasai

Past IndicativePlain sunda sumanakatta

Polite sumimashita sumimasen deshita

Past Presumptive Plain sundarō sumanakatta darō

P a g e | 153


Verb Class 1

Stem sum -

Te form sunde

Infinitive sumi

sunda darō

Polite sunda deshō sumanakatta deshō

Present Progressive

Plain sunde iru

Polite sunde imasu sunde imasen

Past Progressive

Plain sunde ita

Politesunde imashita

sunde imasen deshita

Provisional

Plain sumeba sumanakereba

Politesumimasebasumimasureba

sumimasen nara

Conditional

Plain sundara sumanakattara

Polite sumimashitarasumimasen deshitara

P a g e | 154


Verb Class 1

Stem sum -

Te form sunde

Infinitive sumi

PotentialPlain sumeru sumenai

Polite sumemasu sumemasen

Causative Plain sumaseru sumasenai

Polite sumasemasu sumasemasen

P a g e | 155

CONJUGATION OF JAPANESE VERB NORU - TO BOARD, RIDE ON 乗る

Verb Class 1

Stem nor -

Te form notte

Infinitive nori

Positive Negative

Present IndicativePlain noru noranai

Polite norimasu norimasen

Presumptive

Plainnorōnoru darō

noranai darō

Politenorimashōnoru deshō

noranai deshō

ImperativePlain nore noru na

Polite notte kudasai noranai de kudasai

Past IndicativePlain notta noranakatta

Polite norimashita norimasen deshita

P a g e | 156


Verb Class 1

Stem nor -

Te form notte

Infinitive nori


nottarōnotta darō

noranakatta darō

Polite notta deshō noranakatta deshō

Present Progressive

Plain notte iru

Polite notte imasu notte imasen

Past Progressive

Plain notte ita

Polite notte imashitanotte imasen deshita

Provisional

Plain noreba noranakereba

Politenorimasebanorimasureba

norimasen nara

Conditional Plain nottara noranakattara

Polite norimashitara norimasen

P a g e | 157


Verb Class 1

Stem nor -

Te form notte

Infinitive nori

deshitara

PotentialPlain noreru norenai

Polite noremasu noremasen

CausativePlain noraseru norasenai

Polite norasemasu norasemasen

P a g e | 158

CONJUGATION OF JAPANESE VERB ORIRU - TO GET OFF, GO DOWN

Verb Class 2

Stem ori -

Te form orite

Infinitive ori

Positive Negative

Present IndicativePlain oriru orinai

Polite orimasu orimasen

Presumptive

Plainoriyōoriru darō

orinai darō

Politeorimashōoriru deshō

orinai deshō

ImperativePlain oriro oriru na

Polite orite kudasai orinai de kudasai

Past IndicativePlain orita orinakatta

Polite orimashita orimasen deshita

P a g e | 159


Verb Class 2

Stem ori -

Te form orite

Infinitive ori


oritarōorita darō

orinakatta darō

Polite orita deshō orinakatta deshō

Present Progressive

Plain orite iru

Polite orite imasu orite imasen

Past Progressive

Plain orite ita

Polite orite imashitaorite imasen deshita

Provisional

Plain orireba orinakereba

Politeorimasebaorimasureba

orimasen nara

Conditional Plain oritara orinakattara

Polite orimashitara orimasen deshitara

P a g e | 160


Verb Class 2

Stem ori -

Te form orite

Infinitive ori

PotentialPlain orirareru orirarenai

Polite oriraremasu oriraremasen

CausativePlain orisaseru orisasenai

Polite orisasemasu orisasemasen

P a g e | 161

CONJUGATION OF JAPANESE VERB NORIKAERUCHANGE (TRAINS, ETC)

Verb Class 2

Stem norikae -

Te form norikaete

Infinitive norikae

Positive Negative

Present Indicative

Plain norikaeru norikaenai

Polite norikaemasu norikaemasen

PresumptivePlain

norikaeyōnorikaeru darō

norikaenai darō

Politenorikaemashōnorikaeru deshō

norikaenai deshō

ImperativePlain norikaero norikaeru na

Polite norikaete kudasainorikaenai de kudasai

Past IndicativePlain norikaeta norikaenakatta

Polite norikaemashitanorikaemasen deshita

Past Presumptive

Plainnorikaetarōnorikaeta darō

norikaenakatta darō

Polite norikaeta deshō norikaenakatta deshō

Present Progressive

Plain norikaete iru

Polite norikaete imasu norikaete imasen

Past Progressive

Plain norikaete ita

Politenorikaete imashita

norikaete imasen deshita

P a g e | 162

CONJUGATION OF JAPANESE VERB NORIKAERUCHANGE (TRAINS, ETC)

Verb Class 2

Stem norikae -

Te form norikaete

Infinitive norikae

ProvisionalPlain norikaereba norikaenakereba

Politenorikaemasebanorikaemasureba

norikaemasen nara

ConditionalPlain norikaetara norikaenakattara

Polite norikaemashitaranorikaemasen deshitara

Potential Plain norikaerareru norikaerarenai

Polite norikaeraremasu norikaeraremasen

CausativePlain norikaesaseru norikaesasenai

Polite norikaesasemasu norikaesasemasen

P a g e | 163

CONJUGATION OF JAPANESE VERB ABIRU

Verb Class 2

Stem abi -

Te form abite

Infinitive abi

Positive Negative

Present IndicativePlain abiru abinai

Polite abimasu abimasen

Presumptive

Plainabiyōabiru darō

abinai darō

Politeabimashōabiru deshō

abinai deshō

ImperativePlain abiro abiru na

Polite abite kudasai abinai de kudasai

Past IndicativePlain abita abinakatta

Polite abimashita abimasen deshita

Past Presumptive Plain abitarō abinakatta darō

P a g e | 164


Verb Class 2

Stem abi -

Te form abite

Infinitive abi

abita darō

Polite abita deshō abinakatta deshō

Present ProgressivePlain abite iru

Polite abite imasu abite imasen

Past ProgressivePlain abite ita

Polite abite imashita abite imasen deshita

Provisional

Plain abireba abinakereba

Politeabimasebaabimasureba

abimasen nara

ConditionalPlain abitara abinakattara

Polite abimashitara abimasen deshitara

Potential Plain abirareru abirarenai

P a g e | 165


Verb Class 2

Stem abi -

Te form abite

Infinitive abi

Polite abiraremasu abiraremasen

CausativePlain abisaseru abisasenai

Polite abisasemasu abisasemas

P a g e | 166

CONJUGATION OF JAPANESE VERB IRERU - TO PUT IN, LET IN

Verb Class 2

Stem ire -

Te form irete

Infinitive ire

Positive Negative

Present IndicativePlain ireru irenai

Polite iremasu iremasen

Presumptive

Plainireyōireru darō

irenai darō

Politeiremashōireru deshō

irenai deshō

ImperativePlain irero ireru na

Polite irete kudasai irenai de kudasai

Past IndicativePlain ireta irenakatta

Polite iremashita iremasen deshita

Past Presumptive Plain iretarō irenakatta darō

P a g e | 167


Verb Class 2

Stem ire -

Te form irete

Infinitive ire

ireta darō

Polite ireta deshō irenakatta deshō

Present ProgressivePlain irete iru

Polite irete imasu irete imasen

Past ProgressivePlain irete ita

Polite irete imashita irete imasen deshita

Provisional

Plain irereba irenakereba

Politeiremasebairemasureba

iremasen nara

ConditionalPlain iretara irenakattara

Polite iremashitara iremasen deshitara

Potential Plain irerareru irerarenai

P a g e | 168


Verb Class 2

Stem ire -

Te form irete

Infinitive ire

Polite ireraremasu ireraremasen

CausativePlain iresaseru iresasenai

Polite iresasemasu iresasemasen

P a g e | 169


Verb Class 1

Stem das - , dash-

Te form dashite

Infinitive dasi

Positive Negative

Present Indicative

Plain dasu dasanai

Polite dashimasu dashimasen

Presumptive

Plaindasōdasu darō

dasanai darō

Politedasimashōdasu deshō

dasanai deshō

ImperativePlain dase dasu na

Polite dashite kudasai dasanai de kudasai

Past IndicativePlain dashita dasanakatta

Polite dashimashita dashimasen deshita

P a g e | 170


Verb Class 1

Stem das - , dash-

Te form dashite

Infinitive dasi


dashitarōdashita darō

dasanakatta darō

Polite dashita deshō dasanakatta deshō

Present Progressive

Plain dashite iru

Polite dashite imasu dashite imasen

Past Progressive

Plain dashite ita

Polite dashite imashitadashite imasen deshita

Provisional

Plain daseba dasanakereba

Politedasimasebadasimasureba

dasimasen nara

Conditional Plain dashitara dasanakattara

Polite dashimashitara dashimasen

P a g e | 171


Verb Class 1

Stem das - , dash-

Te form dashite

Infinitive dasi

deshitara

PotentialPlain daseru dasenai

Polite dasemasu dasemasen

CausativePlain dasaseru dasasenai

Polite dasasemasu dasasemasen

P a g e | 172

CONJUGATION OF JAPANESE VERB OSU - TO PUSH, PRESS

Verb Class 1

Stem os - , osh-

Te form oshite

Infinitive osi

Positive Negative

Present Indicative

Plain osu osanai

Polite

oshimasu oshimasen

Presumptive

Plainosōosu darō

osanai darō

Polite

osimashōosu deshō

osanai deshō

Imperative

Plain ose osu na

Polite

oshite kudasai osanai de kudasai

Past Indicative Plain oshita osanakatta

Polit oshimashita oshimasen deshita

P a g e | 173


Verb Class 1

Stem os - , osh-

Te form oshite

Infinitive osi

e

Past Presumptive

Plainoshitarōoshita darō

osanakatta darō

Polite

oshita deshō osanakatta deshō

Present Progressive

Plain oshite iru

Polite

oshite imasu oshite imasen

Past Progressive

Plain oshite ita

Polite

oshite imashita

oshite imasen deshita

Provisional

Plain oseba osanakereba

Polite

osimasebaosimasureba

osimasen nara

P a g e | 174


Verb Class 1

Stem os - , osh-

Te form oshite

Infinitive osi

Conditional

Plain oshitara osanakattara

Polite

oshimashitara oshimasen deshitara

Potential

Plain oseru osenai

Polite

osemasu osemasen

Causative

Plain osaseru osasenai

Polite

osasemasu osasemasen

P a g e | 175

CONJUGATION OF JAPANESE VERB OBOERU - TO REMEMBER, LEARN

Verb Class 2

Stem oboe -

Te form oboete

Infinitive oboe

Positive Negative

Present Indicative

Plain oboeru oboenai

Polite oboemasu oboemasen

Presumptive

Plainoboeyōoboeru darō

oboenai darō

Politeoboemashōoboeru deshō

oboenai deshō

ImperativePlain oboero oboeru na

Polite oboete kudasai oboenai de kudasai

Past IndicativePlain oboeta oboenakatta

Polite oboemashita oboemasen deshita

P a g e | 176


Verb Class 2

Stem oboe -

Te form oboete

Infinitive oboe


oboetarōoboeta darō

oboenakatta darō

Polite oboeta deshō oboenakatta deshō

Present Progressive

Plain oboete iru

Polite oboete imasu oboete imasen

Past Progressive

Plain oboete ita

Polite oboete imashitaoboete imasen deshita

Provisional

Plain oboereba oboenakereba

Politeoboemasebaoboemasureba

oboemasen nara

Conditional Plain oboetara oboenakattara

Polite oboemashitara oboemasen

P a g e | 177


Verb Class 2

Stem oboe -

Te form oboete

Infinitive oboe

deshitara

PotentialPlain oboerareru oboerarenai

Polite oboeraremasu oboeraremasen

CausativePlain oboesaseru oboesasenai

Polite oboesasemasu oboesasemasen

P a g e | 178

CONJUGATION OF JAPANESE VERB WASURERU - TO FORGET

Verb Class 2

Stem wasure -

Te form wasurete

Infinitive wasure

Positive Negative

Present Indicative

Plain wasureru wasurenai

Polite wasuremasu wasuremasen

Presumptive

Plainwasureyōwasureru darō

wasurenai darō

Politewasuremashōwasureru deshō

wasurenai deshō

Imperative

Plain wasurero wasureru na

Polite wasurete kudasaiwasurenai de kudasai

Past Indicative Plain wasureta wasurenakatta

Polite wasuremashita wasuremasen

P a g e | 179


Verb Class 2

Stem wasure -

Te form wasurete

Infinitive wasure

deshita

Past Presumptive

Plainwasuretarōwasureta darō

wasurenakatta darō

Polite wasureta deshō wasurenakatta deshō

Present Progressive

Plain wasurete iru

Polite wasurete imasu wasurete imasen

Past Progressive

Plain wasurete ita

Politewasurete imashita

wasurete imasen deshita

Provisional

Plain wasurereba wasurenakereba

Politewasuremasebawasuremasureba

wasuremasen nara

Conditional Plain wasuretara wasurenakattara

P a g e | 180


Verb Class 2

Stem wasure -

Te form wasurete

Infinitive wasure

Polite wasuremashitarawasuremasen deshitara

PotentialPlain wasurerareru wasurerarenai

Polite wasureraremasu wasureraremasen

CausativePlain wasuresaseru wasuresasenai

Polite wasuresasemasu wasuresasemasen

P a g e | 181

CONJUGATION OF JAPANESE VERB NAKUSU - TO LOSE, REMOVE

Verb Class 1

Stem nakus - , nakush-

Te form nakushite

Infinitive nakusi

Positive Negative

Present Indicative

Plain nakusu nakusanai

Polite

nakushimasu nakushimasen

Presumptive

Plainnakusōnakusu darō

nakusanai darō

Polite

nakusimashōnakusu deshō

nakusanai deshō

Imperative

Plain nakuse nakusu na

Polite

nakushite kudasainakusanai de kudasai

Past Indicative Plain nakushita nakusanakatta

P a g e | 182


Verb Class 1


Te form nakushite

Infinitive nakusi

Polite

nakushimashitanakushimasen deshita

Past Presumptive

Plainnakushitarōnakushita darō

nakusanakatta darō

Polite

nakushita deshōnakusanakatta deshō

Present Progressive

Plain nakushite iru

Polite

nakushite imasu nakushite imasen

Past Progressive

Plain nakushite ita

Polite

nakushite imashita

nakushite imasen deshita

Provisional Plain nakuseba nakusanakereba

P a g e | 183


Verb Class 1


Te form nakushite

Infinitive nakusi

Polite

nakusimasebanakusimasureba

nakusimasen nara

Conditional

Plain nakushitara nakusanakattara

Polite

nakushimashitaranakushimasen deshitara

Potential

Plain nakuseru nakusenai

Polite

nakusemasu nakusemasen

Causative

Plain nakusaseru nakusasenai

Polite

nakusasemasu nakusasemasen

P a g e | 184

CONJUGATION OF JAPANESE VERB HARAU - TO PAY 払う

Verb Class 1

Stem hara -

Te form haratte

Infinitive harai

Positive Negative

Present Indicative

Plain harau harawanai

Polite haraimasu haraimasen

Presumptive

Plainharaōharau darō

harawanai darō

Politeharaimashōharau deshō

harawanai deshō

Imperative

Plain harae harau na

Polite haratte kudasaiharawanai de kudasai

Past IndicativePlain haratta harawanakatta

Polite haraimashita haraimasen deshita

P a g e | 185


Verb Class 1

Stem hara -

Te form haratte

Infinitive harai

Past Presumptive

Plainharattarōharatta darō

harawanakatta darō

Polite haratta deshōharawanakatta deshō

Present Progressive

Plain haratte iru

Polite haratte imasu haratte imasen

Past Progressive

Plain haratte ita

Politeharatte imashita

haratte imasen deshita

Provisional

Plain haraeba harawanakereba

Politeharaimasebaharaimasureba

haraimasen nara

Conditional Plain harattara harawanakattara

Polite haraimashitara haraimasen

P a g e | 186


Verb Class 1

Stem hara -

Te form haratte

Infinitive harai

deshitara

PotentialPlain haraeru haraenai

Polite haraemasu haraemasen

CausativePlain harawaseru harawasenai

Polite harawasemasu harawasemasen

P a g e | 187

CONJUGATION OF JAPANESE VERB KAESU - TO GIVE BACK, RETURN (SOMETHING TO SOMEONE)

Verb Class 1

Stem kaes - , kaesh-

Te form kaeshite

Infinitive kaesi

Positive Negative

Present Indicative

Plain kaesu kaesanai

Polite kaeshimasu kaeshimasen

Presumptive

Plainkaesōkaesu darō

kaesanai darō

Politekaesimashōkaesu deshō

kaesanai deshō

Imperative

Plain kaese kaesu na

Polite kaeshite kudasaikaesanai de kudasai

Past Indicative Plain kaeshita kaesanakatta

Polite kaeshimashita kaeshimasen

P a g e | 188


Verb Class 1


Te form kaeshite

Infinitive kaesi

deshita

Past Presumptive

Plainkaeshitarōkaeshita darō

kaesanakatta darō

Polite kaeshita deshōkaesanakatta deshō

Present Progressive

Plain kaeshite iru

Polite kaeshite imasu kaeshite imasen

Past Progressive

Plain kaeshite ita

Polite kaeshite imashitakaeshite imasen deshita

Provisional

Plain kaeseba kaesanakereba

Politekaesimasebakaesimasureba

kaesimasen nara

P a g e | 189


Verb Class 1


Te form kaeshite

Infinitive kaesi

Conditional

Plain kaeshitara kaesanakattara

Polite kaeshimashitarakaeshimasen deshitara

PotentialPlain kaeseru kaesenai

Polite kaesemasu kaesemasen

CausativePlain kaesaseru kaesasenai

Polite kaesasemasu kaesasemasen

P a g e | 190

CONJUGATION OF JAPANESE VERB DEKAKERU - TO GO OUT, LEAVE HOME 出かける

Verb Class 2

Stem dekake -

Te form dekakete

Infinitive dekake

Positive Negative

Present Indicative

Plain dekakeru dekakenai

Polite dekakemasu dekakemasen

Presumptive

Plaindekakeyōdekakeru darō

dekakenai darō

Politedekakemashōdekakeru deshō

dekakenai deshō

Imperative

Plain dekakero dekakeru na

Polite dekakete kudasaidekakenai de kudasai

Past Indicative Plain dekaketa dekakenakatta

Polite dekakemashita dekakemasen

P a g e | 191


Verb Class 2

Stem dekake -

Te form dekakete

Infinitive dekake

deshita

Past Presumptive

Plaindekaketarōdekaketa darō

dekakenakatta darō

Polite dekaketa deshōdekakenakatta deshō

Present Progressive

Plain dekakete iru

Polite dekakete imasu dekakete imasen

Past Progressive

Plain dekakete ita

Polite dekakete imashitadekakete imasen deshita

Provisional

Plain dekakereba dekakenakereba

Politedekakemasebadekakemasureba

dekakemasen nara

P a g e | 192


Verb Class 2

Stem dekake -

Te form dekakete

Infinitive dekake

Conditional

Plain dekaketara dekakenakattara

Polite dekakemashitaradekakemasen deshitara

PotentialPlain dekakerareru dekakerarenai

Polite dekakeraremasu dekakeraremasen

CausativePlain dekakesaseru dekakesasenai

Polite dekakesasemasu dekakesasemasen

P a g e | 193

CONJUGATION OF JAPANESE VERB NUGU - TO REMOVE

Verb Class 1

Stem nug -

Te form nuide

Infinitive nugi

Positive Negative

Present IndicativePlain nugu nuganai

Polite nugimasu nugimasen

Presumptive

Plainnugōnugu darō

nuganai darō

Politenugimashōnugu deshō

nuganai deshō

ImperativePlain nuge nugu na

Polite nuide kudasai nuganai de kudasai

Past IndicativePlain nuida nuganakatta

Polite nugimashita nugimasen deshita

Past Presumptive Plain nuidarō nuganakatta darō

P a g e | 194


Verb Class 1

Stem nug -

Te form nuide

Infinitive nugi

nuida darō

Polite nuida deshō nuganakatta deshō

Present Progressive

Plain nuide iru

Polite nuide imasu nuide imasen

Past Progressive

Plain nuide ita

Politenuide imashita

nuide imasen deshita

Provisional

Plain nugeba nuganakereba

Politenugimasebanugimasureba

nugimasen nara

ConditionalPlain nuidara nuganakattara

Polite nugimashitara nugimasen deshitara

Potential Plain nugeru nugenai

P a g e | 195


Verb Class 1

Stem nug -

Te form nuide

Infinitive nugi

Polite nugemasu nugemasen

CausativePlain nugaseru nugasenai

P a g e | 196

CONJUGATION OF JAPANESE VERB DEKIRU - TO BE ABLE 出来る

Verb Class 2

Stem deki -

Te form dekite

Infinitive deki

Positive Negative

Present IndicativePlain dekiru dekinai

Polite dekimasu dekimasen

Presumptive

Plaindekiyōdekiru darō

dekinai darō

Politedekimashōdekiru deshō

dekinai deshō

ImperativePlain dekiro dekiru na

Polite dekite kudasai dekinai de kudasai

Past IndicativePlain dekita dekinakatta

Polite dekimashita dekimasen deshita

P a g e | 197


Verb Class 2

Stem deki -

Te form dekite

Infinitive deki


dekitarōdekita darō

dekinakatta darō

Polite dekita deshō dekinakatta deshō

Present Progressive

Plain dekite iru

Polite dekite imasu dekite imasen

Past Progressive

Plain dekite ita

Polite dekite imashitadekite imasen deshita

Provisional

Plain dekireba dekinakereba

Politedekimasebadekimasureba

dekimasen nara

Conditional Plain dekitara dekinakattara

Polite dekimashitara dekimasen deshitara

P a g e | 198


Verb Class 2

Stem deki -

Te form dekite

Infinitive deki

PotentialPlain dekirareru dekirarenai

Polite dekiraremasu dekiraremasen

CausativePlain dekisaseru dekisasenai

Polite dekisasemasu dekisasemasen

P a g e | 199

CONJUGATION OF JAPANESE VERB ARAU - TO WASH 洗う

Verb Class 1

Stem ara -

Te form aratte

Infinitive arai

Positive Negative

Present IndicativePlain arau arawanai

Polite araimasu araimasen

Presumptive

Plainaraōarau darō

arawanai darō

Politearaimashōarau deshō

arawanai deshō

ImperativePlain arae arau na

Polite aratte kudasai arawanai de kudasai

Past IndicativePlain aratta arawanakatta

Polite araimashita araimasen deshita

Past Presumptive Plain arattarō arawanakatta darō

P a g e | 200


Verb Class 1

Stem ara -

Te form aratte

Infinitive arai

aratta darō

Polite aratta deshō arawanakatta deshō

Present Progressive

Plain aratte iru

Polite aratte imasu aratte imasen

Past Progressive

Plain aratte ita

Politearatte imashita

aratte imasen deshita

Provisional

Plain araeba arawanakereba

Politearaimasebaaraimasureba

araimasen nara

ConditionalPlain arattara arawanakattara

Polite araimashitara araimasen deshitara

Potential Plain araeru araenai

P a g e | 201


Verb Class 1

Stem ara -

Te form aratte

Infinitive arai

Polite araemasu araemasen

CausativePlain arawaseru arawasenai

Polite arawasemasu arawasemasen

P a g e | 202

CONJUGATION OF JAPANESE VERB HIKU –TO PLAY(STRINGED INSTRUMENTS

TO PULL 引く

Verb Class 1

Stem hik -

Te form hiite

Infinitive hiki

Positive Negative

Present IndicativePlain hiku hikanai

Polite hikimasu hikimasen

Presumptive

Plainhikōhiku darō

hikanai darō

Politehikimashōhiku deshō

hikanai deshō

ImperativePlain hike hiku na

Polite hiite kudasai hikanai de kudasai

Past Indicative Plain hiita hikanakatta

P a g e | 203


TO PULL 引く

Verb Class 1

Stem hik -

Te form hiite

Infinitive hiki

Polite hikimashita hikimasen deshita


hiitarōhiita darō

hikanakatta darō

Polite hiita deshō hikanakatta deshō

Present Progressive

Plain hiite iru

Polite hiite imasu hiite imasen

Past Progressive

Plain hiite ita

Polite hiite imashitahiite imasen deshita

Provisional Plain hikeba hikanakereba

Polite hikimaseba hikimasen nara

P a g e | 204


TO PULL 引く

Verb Class 1

Stem hik -

Te form hiite

Infinitive hiki

hikimasureba

Conditional

Plain hiitara hikanakattara

Polite hikimashitarahikimasen deshitara

PotentialPlain hikeru hikenai

Polite hikemasu hikemasen

CausativePlain hikaseru hikasenai

Polite hikasemasu hikasemasen

P a g e | 205

CONJUGATION OF JAPANESE VERB UTAU - TO SING 歌う

Verb Class 1

Stem uta -

Te form utatte

Infinitive utai

Positive Negative

Present Indicative

Plain utau utawanai

Polite

utaimasu utaimasen

Presumptive

Plainutaōutau darō

utawanai darō

Polite

utaimashōutau deshō

utawanai deshō

Imperative

Plain utae utau na

Polite

utatte kudasai utawanai de kudasai

Past Indicative Plain utatta utawanakatta

Polit utaimashita utaimasen deshita

P a g e | 206


Verb Class 1

Stem uta -

Te form utatte

Infinitive utai

e

Past Presumptive

Plainutattarōutatta darō

utawanakatta darō

Polite

utatta deshō utawanakatta deshō

Present Progressive

Plain utatte iru

Polite

utatte imasu utatte imasen

Past Progressive

Plain utatte ita

Polite

utatte imashita

utatte imasen deshita

Provisional

Plain utaeba utawanakereba

Polite

utaimasebautaimasureba

utaimasen nara

P a g e | 207


Verb Class 1

Stem uta -

Te form utatte

Infinitive utai

Conditional

Plain utattara utawanakattara

Polite

utaimashitara utaimasen deshitara

Potential

Plain utaeru utaenai

Polite

utaemasu utaemasen

Causative

Plain utawaseru utawasenai

Polite

utawasemasu utawasemasen

P a g e | 208

CONJUGATION OF JAPANESE VERB ATSUMERU - TO GATHER, COLLECT

Verb Class 2

Stem atsume -

Te form atsumete

Infinitive atsume

Positive Negative

Present Indicative

Plain atsumeru atsumenai

Polite atsumemasu atsumemasen

Presumptive

Plainatsumeyōatsumeru darō

atsumenai darō

Politeatsumemashōatsumeru deshō

atsumenai deshō

Imperative

Plain atsumero atsumeru na

Polite atsumete kudasaiatsumenai de kudasai

Past Indicative Plain atsumeta atsumenakatta

Polite atsumemashita atsumemasen

P a g e | 209


Verb Class 2

Stem atsume -

Te form atsumete

Infinitive atsume

deshita

Past Presumptive

Plainatsumetarōatsumeta darō

atsumenakatta darō

Polite atsumeta deshōatsumenakatta deshō

Present Progressive

Plain atsumete iru

Polite atsumete imasu atsumete imasen

Past Progressive

Plain atsumete ita

Politeatsumete imashita

atsumete imasen deshita

Provisional

Plain atsumereba atsumenakereba

Politeatsumemasebaatsumemasureba

atsumemasen nara

P a g e | 210


Verb Class 2

Stem atsume -

Te form atsumete

Infinitive atsume

Conditional

Plain atsumetara atsumenakattara

Polite atsumemashitaraatsumemasen deshitara

PotentialPlain atsumerareru atsumerarenai

Polite atsumeraremasu atsumeraremasen

CausativePlain atsumesaseru atsumesasenai

Polite atsumesasemasu atsumesasemasen

P a g e | 211

CONJUGATION OF JAPANESE VERB SUTERU - TO THROW AWAY

Verb Class 2

Stem sute -

Te form sutete

Infinitive sute

Positive Negative

Present IndicativePlain suteru sutenai

Polite sutemasu sutemasen

Presumptive

Plainsuteyōsuteru darō

sutenai darō

Politesutemashōsuteru deshō

sutenai deshō

ImperativePlain sutero suteru na

Polite sutete kudasai sutenai de kudasai

Past IndicativePlain suteta sutenakatta

Polite sutemashita sutemasen deshita

P a g e | 212


Verb Class 2

Stem sute -

Te form sutete

Infinitive sute


sutetarōsuteta darō

sutenakatta darō

Polite suteta deshō sutenakatta deshō

Present Progressive

Plain sutete iru

Polite sutete imasu sutete imasen

Past Progressive

Plain sutete ita

Politesutete imashita

sutete imasen deshita

Provisional

Plain sutereba sutenakereba

Politesutemasebasutemasureba

sutemasen nara

Conditional Plain sutetara sutenakattara

Polite sutemashitara sutemasen deshitara

P a g e | 213


Verb Class 2

Stem sute -

Te form sutete

Infinitive sute

PotentialPlain suterareru suterarenai

Polite suteraremasu suteraremasen

CausativePlain sutesaseru sutesasenai

Polite sutesasemasu sutesasemasen

P a g e | 214

CONJUGATION OF JAPANESE VERB KAERU - TO CHANGE

Verb Class 2

Stem Kae -

Te form Kaete

Infinitive Kae

Positive Negative

Present Indicative

Plain Kaeru Kaenai

Polite

Kaemasu Kaemasen

Presumptive

PlainKaeyōKaeru darō

Kaenai darō

Polite

KaemashōKaeru deshō

Kaenai deshō

Imperative

Plain Kaero Kaeru na

Polite

Kaete kudasai Kaenai de kudasai

Past Indicative Plain Kaeta Kaenakatta

Polit Kaemashita Kaemasen deshita

P a g e | 215


Verb Class 2

Stem Kae -

Te form Kaete

Infinitive Kae

e

Past Presumptive

PlainKaetarōKaeta darō

Kaenakatta darō

Polite

Kaeta deshō Kaenakatta deshō

Present Progressive

Plain Kaete iru

Polite

Kaete imasu Kaete imasen

Past Progressive

Plain Kaete ita

Polite

Kaete imashita

Kaete imasen deshita

Provisional

Plain Kaereba Kaenakereba

Polite

KaemasebaKaemasureba

Kaemasen nara

P a g e | 216


Verb Class 2

Stem Kae -

Te form Kaete

Infinitive Kae

Conditional

Plain Kaetara Kaenakattara

Polite

Kaemashitara Kaemasen deshitara

Potential

Plain Kaerareru Kaerarenai

Polite

Kaeraremasu Kaeraremasen

Causative

Plain Kaesaseru Kaesasenai

Polite

Kaesasemasu Kaesasemasen

P a g e | 217

CONJUGATION OF JAPANESE VERB NOBORU - TO CLIMB

Verb Class 1

Stem nobor -

Te form nobotte

Infinitive nobori

Positive Negative

Present Indicative

Plain noboru noboranai

Polite noborimasu noborimasen

Presumptive

Plainnoborōnoboru darō

noboranai darō

Politenoborimashōnoboru deshō

noboranai deshō

Imperative

Plain nobore noboru na

Polite nobotte kudasainoboranai de kudasai

Past IndicativePlain nobotta noboranakatta

Polite noborimashita noborimasen deshita

P a g e | 218


Verb Class 1

Stem nobor -

Te form nobotte

Infinitive nobori

Past Presumptive

Plainnobottarōnobotta darō

noboranakatta darō

Polite nobotta deshōnoboranakatta deshō

Present Progressive

Plain nobotte iru

Polite nobotte imasu nobotte imasen

Past Progressive

Plain nobotte ita

Politenobotte imashita

nobotte imasen deshita

Provisional

Plain noboreba noboranakereba

Politenoborimasebanoborimasureba

noborimasen nara

Conditional Plain nobottara noboranakattara

Polite noborimashitara noborimasen

P a g e | 219


Verb Class 1

Stem nobor -

Te form nobotte

Infinitive nobori

deshitara

PotentialPlain noboreru noborenai

Polite noboremasu noboremasen

CausativePlain noboraseru noborasenai

Polite noborasemasu noborasemasen

P a g e | 220

CONJUGATION OF JAPANESE VERB TOMARU - TO STOP

Verb Class 1

Stem tomar -

Te form tomatte

Infinitive tomari

Positive Negative

Present Indicative

Plain tomaru tomaranai

Polite

tomarimasu tomarimasen

Presumptive

Plaintomarōtomaru darō

tomaranai darō

Polite

tomarimashōtomaru deshō

tomaranai deshō

Imperative

Plain tomare tomaru na

Polite

tomatte kudasaitomaranai de kudasai

Past Indicative Plain tomatta tomaranakatta

Polit tomarimashita tomarimasen deshita

P a g e | 221


Verb Class 1

Stem tomar -

Te form tomatte

Infinitive tomari

e

Past Presumptive

Plaintomattarōtomatta darō

tomaranakatta darō

Polite

tomatta deshōtomaranakatta deshō

Present Progressive

Plain tomatte iru

Polite

tomatte imasu tomatte imasen

Past Progressive

Plain tomatte ita

Polite

tomatte imashita

tomatte imasen deshita

Provisional

Plain tomareba tomaranakereba

Polite

tomarimasebatomarimasureba

tomarimasen nara

P a g e | 222


Verb Class 1

Stem tomar -

Te form tomatte

Infinitive tomari

Conditional

Plain tomattara tomaranakattara

Polite

tomarimashitaratomarimasen deshitara

Potential

Plain tomareru tomarenai

Polite

tomaremasu tomaremasen

Causative

Plain tomaraseru tomarasenai

Polite

tomarasemasu tomarasemasen

P a g e | 223

CONJUGATION OF JAPANESE VERB NARU - TO BECOME

Verb Class 1

Stem nar -

Te form natte

Infinitive nari

Positive Negative

Present IndicativePlain naru naranai

Polite narimasu narimasen

Presumptive

Plainnarōnaru darō

naranai darō

Politenarimashōnaru deshō

naranai deshō

ImperativePlain nare naru na

Polite natte kudasai naranai de kudasai

Past IndicativePlain natta naranakatta

Polite narimashita narimasen deshita

Past Presumptive Plain nattarō naranakatta darō

P a g e | 224


Verb Class 1

Stem nar -

Te form natte

Infinitive nari

natta darō

Polite natta deshō naranakatta deshō

Present ProgressivePlain natte iru

Polite natte imasu natte imasen

Past ProgressivePlain natte ita

Polite natte imashita natte imasen deshita

Provisional

Plain nareba naranakereba

Politenarimasebanarimasureba

narimasen nara

ConditionalPlain nattara naranakattara

Polite narimashitara narimasen deshitara

Potential Plain nareru narenai

P a g e | 225


Verb Class 1

Stem nar -

Te form natte

Infinitive nari

Polite naremasu naremasen

CausativePlain naraseru narasenai

Polite narasemasu narasemasen

P a g e | 226

CONJUGATION OF JAPANESE VERB IRU - TO NEED 要る

Verb Class 1

Stem Ir -

Te form Itte

Infinitive Iri

Positive Negative

Present Indicative

Plain Iru Iranai

Polite

Irimasu Irimasen

Presumptive

PlainIrōIru darō

Iranai darō

Polite

IrimashōIru deshō

Iranai deshō

Imperative

Plain Ire Iru na

Polite

Itte kudasai Iranai de kudasai

Past Indicative Plain Itta Iranakatta

Polit Irimashita Irimasen deshita

P a g e | 227


Verb Class 1

Stem Ir -

Te form Itte

Infinitive Iri

e

Past Presumptive

PlainIttarōItta darō

Iranakatta darō

Polite

Itta deshō Iranakatta deshō

Present Progressive

Plain Itte iru

Polite

Itte imasu Itte imasen

Past Progressive

Plain Itte ita

Polite

Itte imashita Itte imasen deshita

Provisional

Plain Ireba Iranakereba

Polite

IrimasebaIrimasureba

Irimasen nara

P a g e | 228


Verb Class 1

Stem Ir -

Te form Itte

Infinitive Iri

Conditional

Plain Ittara Iranakattara

Polite

Irimashitara Irimasen deshitara

Potential

Plain Ireru Irenai

Polite

Iremasu Iremasen

Causative

Plain Iraseru Irasenai

Polite

Irasemasu Irasemasen

P a g e | 229

Verb Conjugation Table for Japanese Verb shiraberu

CONJUGATION OF JAPANESE VERB SHIRABERU - TO CHECK, INVESTIGATE

Verb Class 2

Stem shirabe -

Te form shirabete

Infinitive shirabe



Positive Negative

Present Indicative

Plain shiraberu shirabenai

Polite shirabemasu shirabemasen

Presumptive

Plainshirabeyōshiraberu darō

shirabenai darō

Politeshirabemashōshiraberu deshō

shirabenai deshō

Imperative

Plain shirabero shiraberu na

Polite shirabete kudasaishirabenai de kudasai

Past Indicative Plain shirabeta shirabenakatta

P a g e | 230


Verb Class 2

Stem shirabe -

Te form shirabete

Infinitive shirabe

Polite shirabemashitashirabemasen deshita

Past Presumptive

Plainshirabetarōshirabeta darō

shirabenakatta darō

Polite shirabeta deshōshirabenakatta deshō

Present Progressive

Plain shirabete iru

Polite shirabete imasu shirabete imasen

Past Progressive

Plain shirabete ita

Polite shirabete imashitashirabete imasen deshita

Provisional Plain shirabereba shirabenakereba

P a g e | 231


Verb Class 2

Stem shirabe -

Te form shirabete

Infinitive shirabe

Politeshirabemasebashirabemasureba

shirabemasen nara

Conditional

Plain shirabetara shirabenakattara

Polite shirabemashitarashirabemasen deshitara

PotentialPlain shiraberareru shiraberarenai

Polite shiraberaremasu shiraberaremasen

CausativePlain shirabesaseru shirabesasenai

Polite shirabesasemasu shirabesasemasen

P a g e | 232

CONJUGATION OF JAPANESE VERB NAOSU - TO REPAIR, CURE

Verb Class 1

Stem naos - , naosh-

Te form naoshite

Infinitive naosi

Positive Negative

Present Indicative

Plain naosu naosanai

Polite

naoshimasu naoshimasen

Presumptive

Plainnaosōnaosu darō

naosanai darō

Polite

naosimashōnaosu deshō

naosanai deshō

Imperative

Plain naose naosu na

Polite

naoshite kudasai naosanai de kudasai

Past Indicative Plain naoshita naosanakatta

P a g e | 233


Verb Class 1


Te form naoshite

Infinitive naosi

Polite

naoshimashitanaoshimasen deshita

Past Presumptive

Plainnaoshitarōnaoshita darō

naosanakatta darō

Polite

naoshita deshō naosanakatta deshō

Present Progressive

Plain naoshite iru

Polite

naoshite imasu naoshite imasen

Past Progressive

Plain naoshite ita

Polite

naoshite imashita

naoshite imasen deshita

Provisional Plain naoseba naosanakereba

P a g e | 234


Verb Class 1


Te form naoshite

Infinitive naosi

Polite

naosimasebanaosimasureba

naosimasen nara

Conditional

Plain naoshitara naosanakattara

Polite

naoshimashitaranaoshimasen deshitara

Potential

Plain naoseru naosenai

Polite

naosemasu naosemasen

Causative

Plain naosaseru naosasenai

Polite

naosasemasu naosasemasen

P a g e | 235

CONJUGATION OF JAPANESE VERB OMOU - TO THINK 思う

Verb Class 1

Stem omo -

Te form omotte

Infinitive omoi

Positive Negative

Present Indicative

Plain omou omowanai

Polite omoimasu omoimasen

Presumptive

Plainomoōomou darō

omowanai darō

Politeomoimashōomou deshō

omowanai deshō

Imperative

Plain omoe omou na

Polite omotte kudasaiomowanai de kudasai

Past IndicativePlain omotta omowanakatta

Polite omoimashita omoimasen deshita

P a g e | 236


Verb Class 1

Stem omo -

Te form omotte

Infinitive omoi

Past Presumptive

Plainomottarōomotta darō

omowanakatta darō

Polite omotta deshōomowanakatta deshō

Present Progressive

Plain omotte iru

Polite omotte imasu omotte imasen

Past Progressive

Plain omotte ita

Politeomotte imashita

omotte imasen deshita

Provisional

Plain omoeba omowanakereba

Politeomoimasebaomoimasureba

omoimasen nara

Conditional Plain omottara omowanakattara

Polite omoimashitara omoimasen

P a g e | 237


Verb Class 1

Stem omo -

Te form omotte

Infinitive omoi

deshitara

PotentialPlain omoeru omoenai

Polite omoemasu omoemasen

CausativePlain omowaseru omowasenai

Polite omowasemasu omowasemasen

P a g e | 238

CONJUGATION OF JAPANESE VERB IU - TO SAY 言う

Verb Class 1

Stem i -

Te form itte

Infinitive ii

Positive Negative

Present Indicative

Plain iu iwanai

Polite

iimasu iimasen

Presumptive

Plainiōiu darō

iwanai darō

Polite

iimashōiu deshō

iwanai deshō

Imperative

Plain ie iu na

Polite

itte kudasai iwanai de kudasai

Past Indicative Plain itta iwanakatta

Polit iimashita iimasen deshita

P a g e | 239


Verb Class 1

Stem i -

Te form itte

Infinitive ii

e

Past Presumptive

Plainittarōitta darō

iwanakatta darō

Polite

itta deshō iwanakatta deshō

Present Progressive

Plain itte iru

Polite

itte imasu itte imasen

Past Progressive

Plain itte ita

Polite

itte imashita itte imasen deshita

Provisional

Plain ieba iwanakereba

Polite

iimasebaiimasureba

iimasen nara

P a g e | 240


Verb Class 1

Stem i -

Te form itte

Infinitive ii

Conditional

Plain ittara iwanakattara

Polite

iimashitara iimasen deshitara

Potential

Plain ieru ienai

Polite

iemasu iemasen

Causative

Plain iwaseru iwasenai

Polite

iwasemasu iwasemasen

P a g e | 241

CONJUGATION OF JAPANESE VERB TARIRU - TO BE ENOUGH, SUFFIENT

Verb Class 2

Stem tari -

Te form tarite

Infinitive tari

Positive Negative

Present IndicativePlain tariru tarinai

Polite tarimasu tarimasen

Presumptive

Plaintariyōtariru darō

tarinai darō

Politetarimashōtariru deshō

tarinai deshō

ImperativePlain tariro tariru na

Polite tarite kudasai tarinai de kudasai

Past IndicativePlain tarita tarinakatta

Polite tarimashita tarimasen deshita

P a g e | 242


Verb Class 2

Stem tari -

Te form tarite

Infinitive tari


taritarōtarita darō

tarinakatta darō

Polite tarita deshō tarinakatta deshō

Present Progressive

Plain tarite iru

Polite tarite imasu tarite imasen

Past Progressive

Plain tarite ita

Polite tarite imashitatarite imasen deshita

Provisional

Plain tarireba tarinakereba

Politetarimasebatarimasureba

tarimasen nara

Conditional Plain taritara tarinakattara

Polite tarimashitara tarimasen deshitara

P a g e | 243


Verb Class 2

Stem tari -

Te form tarite

Infinitive tari

PotentialPlain tarirareru tarirarenai

Polite tariraremasu tariraremasen

CausativePlain tarisaseru tarisasenai

Polite tarisasemasu tarisasemasen

P a g e | 244

CONJUGATION OF JAPANESE VERB KATSU - TO WIN 勝つ

Verb Class 1

Stem kat - , kach-

Te form katte

Infinitive kachi

Positive Negative

Present IndicativePlain katsu katanai

Polite kachimasu kachimasen

Presumptive

Plainkatōkatsu darō

katanai darō

Politekachimashōkatsu deshō

katanai deshō

ImperativePlain kate katsu na

Polite katte kudasai katanai de kudasai

Past IndicativePlain katta katanakatta

Polite kachimashita kachimasen deshita

Past Presumptive Plain kattarō katanakatta darō

P a g e | 245


Verb Class 1

Stem kat - , kach-

Te form katte

Infinitive kachi

katta darō

Polite katta deshō katanakatta deshō

Present Progressive

Plain katte iru

Polite katte imasu katte imasen

Past ProgressivePlain katte ita

Polite katte imashita katte imasen deshita

Provisional

Plain katseba katanakereba

Politekachimasebakachimasureba

kachimasen nara

Conditional

Plain kattara katanakattara

Politekachimashitara

kachimasen deshitara

Potential Plain kateru katenai

P a g e | 246


Verb Class 1

Stem kat - , kach-

Te form katte

Infinitive kachi

Polite katemasu katemasen

CausativePlain kataseru katasenai

Polite katasemasu katasemasen

P a g e | 247

CONJUGATION OF JAPANESE VERB MAKERU - TO BE DEFEATED, LOSE A GAME

Verb Class 2

Stem make -

Te form makete

Infinitive make

Positive Negative

Present Indicative

Plain makeru makenai

Polite makemasu makemasen

Presumptive

Plainmakeyōmakeru darō

makenai darō

Politemakemashōmakeru deshō

makenai deshō

ImperativePlain makero makeru na

Polite makete kudasai makenai de kudasai

Past IndicativePlain maketa makenakatta

Polite makemashita makemasen deshita

P a g e | 248


Verb Class 2

Stem make -

Te form makete

Infinitive make

Past Presumptive

Plainmaketarōmaketa darō

makenakatta darō

Polite maketa deshō makenakatta deshō

Present Progressive

Plain makete iru

Polite makete imasu makete imasen

Past Progressive

Plain makete ita

Polite makete imashitamakete imasen deshita

Provisional

Plain makereba makenakereba

Politemakemasebamakemasureba

makemasen nara

Conditional Plain maketara makenakattara

Polite makemashitara makemasen

P a g e | 249


Verb Class 2

Stem make -

Te form makete

Infinitive make

deshitara

PotentialPlain makerareru makerarenai

Polite makeraremasu makeraremasen

CausativePlain makesaseru makesasenai

Polite makesasemasu makesasemasen

P a g e | 250

CONJUGATION OF JAPANESE VERB YAKUNI NARU-BE USEFUL

Verb Class 1

Stem yakuni nar -

Te form yakuni natte

Infinitive yakuni nari

Positive Negative

Present Indicative

Plain yakuni naru yakuni naranai

Polite

yakuni narimasu yakuni narimasen

Presumptive

Plainyakuni narōyakuni naru darō

yakuni naranai darō

Polite

yakuni narimashōyakuni naru deshō

yakuni naranai deshō

Imperative

Plain yakuni nare yakuni naru na

Polite

yakuni natte kudasai

yakuni naranai de kudasai

Past Indicative Plain yakuni natta yakuni naranakatta

P a g e | 251


Verb Class 1

Stem yakuni nar -



Polite

yakuni narimashita

yakuni narimasen deshita

Past Presumptive

Plainyakuni nattarōyakuni natta darō

yakuni naranakatta darō

Polite

yakuni natta deshō

yakuni naranakatta deshō

Present Progressive

Plain yakuni natte iru

Polite

yakuni natte imasu

yakuni natte imasen

Past Progressive

Plain yakuni natte ita

Polite

yakuni natte imashita

yakuni natte imasen deshita

Provisional Plain yakuni nareba yakuni naranakereba

Polite

yakuni narimaseba

yakuni narimasen

P a g e | 252


Verb Class 1

Stem yakuni nar -



yakuni narimasureba

nara

Conditional

Plain yakuni nattara yakuni naranakattara

Polite

yakuni narimashitara

yakuni narimasen deshitara

Potential

Plain yakuni nareru yakuni narenai

Polite

yakuni naremasu yakuni naremasen

Causative

Plain yakuni naraseru yakuni narasenai

Polite

yakuni narasemasu

yakuni narasemasen

P a g e | 253

CONJUGATION OF JAPANESE VERB KIRU - TO WEAR 着る

Verb Class 2

Stem Ki -

Te form Kite

Infinitive Ki

Positive Negative

Present IndicativePlain Kiru Kinai

Polite Kimasu Kimasen

Presumptive

PlainKiyōKiru darō

Kinai darō

PoliteKimashōKiru deshō

Kinai deshō

ImperativePlain Kiro Kiru na

Polite Kite kudasai Kinai de kudasai

Past IndicativePlain Kita Kinakatta

Polite Kimashita Kimasen deshita

Past Presumptive Plain Kitarō Kinakatta darō

P a g e | 254


Verb Class 2

Stem Ki -

Te form Kite

Infinitive Ki

Kita darō

Polite Kita deshō Kinakatta deshō

Present ProgressivePlain Kite iru

Polite Kite imasu Kite imasen

Past ProgressivePlain Kite ita

Polite Kite imashita Kite imasen deshita

Provisional

Plain Kireba Kinakereba

PoliteKimasebaKimasureba

Kimasen nara

ConditionalPlain Kitara Kinakattara

Polite Kimashitara Kimasen deshitara

Potential Plain Kirareru Kirarenai

P a g e | 255


Verb Class 2

Stem Ki -

Te form Kite

Infinitive Ki

Polite Kiraremasu Kiraremasen

CausativePlain Kisaseru Kisasenai

Polite Kisasemasu Kisasemasen

P a g e | 256

CONJUGATION OF JAPANESE VERB HAKU - TO PUT ON, WEAR (ON FEET OR LEGS - TROUSERS/SHOES ETC)

Verb Class 1

Stem hak -

Te form haite

Infinitive haki

Positive Negative

Present Indicative

Plain haku hakanai

Polite hakimasu hakimasen

Presumptive

Plainhakōhaku darō

hakanai darō

Politehakimashōhaku deshō

hakanai deshō

ImperativePlain hake haku na

Polite haite kudasai hakanai de kudasai

Past IndicativePlain haita hakanakatta

Polite hakimashita hakimasen deshita

P a g e | 257


Verb Class 1

Stem hak -

Te form haite

Infinitive haki


haitarōhaita darō

hakanakatta darō

Polite haita deshō hakanakatta deshō

Present Progressive

Plain haite iru

Polite haite imasu haite imasen

Past Progressive

Plain haite ita

Polite haite imashitahaite imasen deshita

Provisional

Plain hakeba hakanakereba

Politehakimasebahakimasureba

hakimasen nara

Conditional Plain haitara hakanakattara

Polite hakimashitara hakimasen

P a g e | 258


Verb Class 1

Stem hak -

Te form haite

Infinitive haki

deshitara

PotentialPlain hakeru hakenai

Polite hakemasu hakemasen

CausativePlain hakaseru hakasenai

Polite hakasemasu hakasemasen

P a g e | 259

CONJUGATION OF JAPANESE VERB KABURU - TO WEAR (ON YOUR HEAD), PUT ON

Verb Class 1

Stem kabur -

Te form kabutte

Infinitive kaburi

Positive Negative

Present Indicative

Plain kaburu kaburanai

Polite kaburimasu kaburimasen

Presumptive

Plainkaburōkaburu darō

kaburanai darō

Politekaburimashōkaburu deshō

kaburanai deshō

Imperative

Plain kabure kaburu na

Polite kabutte kudasaikaburanai de kudasai

Past Indicative Plain kabutta kaburanakatta

Polite kaburimashita kaburimasen

P a g e | 260


Verb Class 1

Stem kabur -

Te form kabutte

Infinitive kaburi

deshita

Past Presumptive

Plainkabuttarōkabutta darō

kaburanakatta darō

Polite kabutta deshōkaburanakatta deshō

Present Progressive

Plain kabutte iru

Polite kabutte imasu kabutte imasen

Past Progressive

Plain kabutte ita

Polite kabutte imashitakabutte imasen deshita

Provisional

Plain kabureba kaburanakereba

Politekaburimasebakaburimasureba

kaburimasen nara

P a g e | 261


Verb Class 1

Stem kabur -

Te form kabutte

Infinitive kaburi

Conditional

Plain kabuttara kaburanakattara

Polite kaburimashitarakaburimasen deshitara

PotentialPlain kabureru kaburenai

Polite kaburemasu kaburemasen

CausativePlain kaburaseru kaburasenai

Polite kaburasemasu kaburasemasen

P a g e | 262

CONJUGATION OF JAPANESE VERB UMARERU-TO BE BORN, ARISE

Verb Class 2

Stem umare -

Te form umarete

Infinitive umare

Positive Negative

Present Indicative

Plain umareru umarenai

Polite umaremasu umaremasen

Presumptive

Plainumareyōumareru darō

umarenai darō

Politeumaremashōumareru deshō

umarenai deshō

ImperativePlain umarero umareru na

Polite umarete kudasai umarenai de kudasai

Past IndicativePlain umareta umarenakatta

Polite umaremashita umaremasen deshita

P a g e | 263


Verb Class 2

Stem umare -

Te form umarete

Infinitive umare

Past Presumptive

Plainumaretarōumareta darō

umarenakatta darō

Polite umareta deshō umarenakatta deshō

Present Progressive

Plain umarete iru

Polite umarete imasu umarete imasen

Past Progressive

Plain umarete ita

Politeumarete imashita

umarete imasen deshita

Provisional

Plain umarereba umarenakereba

Politeumaremasebaumaremasureba

umaremasen nara

Conditional Plain umaretara umarenakattara

Polite umaremashitara umaremasen

P a g e | 264


Verb Class 2

Stem umare -

Te form umarete

Infinitive umare

deshitara

PotentialPlain umarerareru umarerarenai

Polite umareraremasu umareraremasen

CausativePlain umaresaseru umaresasenai

Polite umaresasemasu umaresasemasen

P a g e | 265

CONJUGATION OF JAPANESE VERB MAWASURU-TURN

Verb Class 1

Stem mawasur -

Te form mawasutte

Infinitive mawasuri

Positive Negative

Present Indicative

Plain mawasuru mawasuranai

Polite

mawasurimasu mawasurimasen

Presumptive

Plainmawasurōmawasuru darō

mawasuranai darō

Polite

mawasurimashōmawasuru deshō

mawasuranai deshō

Imperative

Plain mawasure mawasuru na

Polite

mawasutte kudasaimawasuranai de kudasai

Past Indicative

Plain mawasutta mawasuranakatta

Polit mawasurimashita mawasurimasen

P a g e | 266


Verb Class 1

Stem mawasur -

Te form mawasutte

Infinitive mawasuri

e deshita

Past Presumptive

Plainmawasuttarōmawasutta darō

mawasuranakatta darō

Polite

mawasutta deshōmawasuranakatta deshō

Present Progressive

Plain mawasutte iru

Polite

mawasutte imasu mawasutte imasen

Past Progressive

Plain mawasutte ita

Polite

mawasutte imashita

mawasutte imasen deshita

Provisional

Plain mawasureba mawasuranakereba

Polite

mawasurimasebamawasurimasureba

mawasurimasen nara

P a g e | 267


Verb Class 1

Stem mawasur -

Te form mawasutte

Infinitive mawasuri

Conditional

Plain mawasuttara mawasuranakattara

Polite

mawasurimashitaramawasurimasen deshitara

Potential

Plain mawasureru mawasurenai

Polite

mawasuremasu mawasuremasen

Causative

Plain mawasuraseru mawasurasenai

Polite

mawasurasemasu mawasurasemasen

P a g e | 268

CONJUGATION OF JAPANESE VERB HIKU - TO PULL 引く

Verb Class 1

Stem hik -

Te form hiite

Infinitive hiki

Positive Negative

Present IndicativePlain hiku hikanai

Polite hikimasu hikimasen

Presumptive

Plainhikōhiku darō

hikanai darō

Politehikimashōhiku deshō

hikanai deshō

ImperativePlain hike hiku na

Polite hiite kudasai hikanai de kudasai

Past IndicativePlain hiita hikanakatta

Polite hikimashita hikimasen deshita

Past Presumptive Plain hiitarō hikanakatta darō

P a g e | 269


Verb Class 1

Stem hik -

Te form hiite

Infinitive hiki

hiita darō

Polite hiita deshō hikanakatta deshō

Present ProgressivePlain hiite iru

Polite hiite imasu hiite imasen

Past ProgressivePlain hiite ita

Polite hiite imashita hiite imasen deshita

Provisional

Plain hikeba hikanakereba

Politehikimasebahikimasureba

hikimasen nara

ConditionalPlain hiitara hikanakattara

Polite hikimashitara hikimasen deshitara

Potential Plain hikeru hikenai

P a g e | 270


Verb Class 1

Stem hik -

Te form hiite

Infinitive hiki

Polite hikemasu hikemasen

CausativePlain hikaseru hikasenai

Polite hikasemasu hikasemasen

P a g e | 271

CONJUGATION OF JAPANESE VERB SAWARU - TO TOUCH OR FEEL (WITH HANDS)

Verb Class 1

Stem sawar -

Te form sawatte

Infinitive sawari

Positive Negative

Present Indicative

Plain sawaru sawaranai

Polite sawarimasu sawarimasen

Presumptive

Plainsawarōsawaru darō

sawaranai darō

Politesawarimashōsawaru deshō

sawaranai deshō

Imperative

Plain saware sawaru na

Polite sawatte kudasaisawaranai de kudasai

Past Indicative Plain sawatta sawaranakatta

Polite sawarimashita sawarimasen

P a g e | 272


Verb Class 1

Stem sawar -

Te form sawatte

Infinitive sawari

deshita

Past Presumptive

Plainsawattarōsawatta darō

sawaranakatta darō

Polite sawatta deshōsawaranakatta deshō

Present Progressive

Plain sawatte iru

Polite sawatte imasu sawatte imasen

Past Progressive

Plain sawatte ita

Polite sawatte imashitasawatte imasen deshita

Provisional

Plain sawareba sawaranakereba

Politesawarimasebasawarimasureba

sawarimasen nara

P a g e | 273


Verb Class 1

Stem sawar -

Te form sawatte

Infinitive sawari

Conditional

Plain sawattara sawaranakattara

Polite sawarimashitarasawarimasen deshitara

PotentialPlain sawareru sawarenai

Polite sawaremasu sawaremasen

CausativePlain sawaraseru sawarasenai

Polite sawarasemasu sawarasemasen

P a g e | 274

CONJUGATION OF JAPANESE VERB UGOKU - TO MOVE

Verb Class 1

Stem ugok -

Te form ugoite

Infinitive ugoki

Positive Negative

Present IndicativePlain ugoku ugokanai

Polite ugokimasu ugokimasen

Presumptive

Plainugokōugoku darō

ugokanai darō

Politeugokimashōugoku deshō

ugokanai deshō

ImperativePlain ugoke ugoku na

Polite ugoite kudasai ugokanai de kudasai

Past IndicativePlain ugoita ugokanakatta

Polite ugokimashita ugokimasen deshita

Past Presumptive Plain ugoitarō ugokanakatta darō

P a g e | 275


Verb Class 1

Stem ugok -

Te form ugoite

Infinitive ugoki

ugoita darō

Polite ugoita deshō ugokanakatta deshō

Present Progressive

Plain ugoite iru

Polite ugoite imasu ugoite imasen

Past Progressive

Plain ugoite ita

Politeugoite imashita

ugoite imasen deshita

Provisional

Plain ugokeba ugokanakereba

Politeugokimasebaugokimasureba

ugokimasen nara

Conditional

Plain ugoitara ugokanakattara

Polite ugokimashitaraugokimasen deshitara

P a g e | 276


Verb Class 1

Stem ugok -

Te form ugoite

Infinitive ugoki

PotentialPlain ugokeru ugokenai

Polite ugokemasu ugokemasen

Causative Plain ugokaseru ugokasenai

Polite ugokasemasu ugokasemasen

P a g e | 277

CONJUGATION OF JAPANESE VERB ARUKU - TO WALK 歩く

Verb Class 1

Stem aruk -

Te form aruite

Infinitive aruki

Positive Negative

Present Indicative

Plain aruku arukanai

Polite

arukimasu arukimasen

Presumptive

Plainarukōaruku darō

arukanai darō

Polite

arukimashōaruku deshō

arukanai deshō

Imperative

Plain aruke aruku na

Polite

aruite kudasai arukanai de kudasai

Past Indicative Plain aruita arukanakatta

Polit arukimashita arukimasen deshita

P a g e | 278


Verb Class 1

Stem aruk -

Te form aruite

Infinitive aruki

e

Past Presumptive

Plainaruitarōaruita darō

arukanakatta darō

Polite

aruita deshō arukanakatta deshō

Present Progressive

Plain aruite iru

Polite

aruite imasu aruite imasen

Past Progressive

Plain aruite ita

Polite

aruite imashitaaruite imasen deshita

Provisional

Plain arukeba arukanakereba

Polite

arukimasebaarukimasureba

arukimasen nara

P a g e | 279


Verb Class 1

Stem aruk -

Te form aruite

Infinitive aruki

Conditional

Plain aruitara arukanakattara

Polite

arukimashitaraarukimasen deshitara

Potential

Plain arukeru arukenai

Polite

arukemasu arukemasen

Causative

Plain arukaseru arukasenai

Polite

arukasemasu arukasemasen

P a g e | 280

CONJUGATION OF JAPANESE VERB WATARU - TO CROSS

Verb Class 1

Stem watar -

Te form watatte

Infinitive watari

Positive Negative

Present Indicative

Plain wataru wataranai

Polite

watarimasu watarimasen

Presumptive

Plainwatarōwataru darō

wataranai darō

Polite

watarimashōwataru deshō

wataranai deshō

Imperative

Plain watare wataru na

Polite

watatte kudasaiwataranai de kudasai

Past Indicative Plain watatta wataranakatta

Polit watarimashita watarimasen deshita

P a g e | 281


Verb Class 1

Stem watar -

Te form watatte

Infinitive watari

e

Past Presumptive

Plainwatattarōwatatta darō

wataranakatta darō

Polite

watatta deshō wataranakatta deshō

Present Progressive

Plain watatte iru

Polite

watatte imasu watatte imasen

Past Progressive

Plain watatte ita

Polite

watatte imashita

watatte imasen deshita

Provisional

Plain watareba wataranakereba

Polite

watarimasebawatarimasureba

watarimasen nara

P a g e | 282


Verb Class 1

Stem watar -

Te form watatte

Infinitive watari

Conditional

Plain watattara wataranakattara

Polite

watarimashitarawatarimasen deshitara

Potential

Plain watareru watarenai

Polite

wataremasu wataremasen

Causative

Plain wataraseru watarasenai

Polite

watarasemasu watarasemasen

P a g e | 283

CONJUGATION OF JAPANESE VERB KI O TSUKERU – PAY ATTENTION (TO CARS) TAKE CARE

Verb Class 2

Stem ki o tsuke -

Te form ki o tsukete

Infinitive ki o tsuke

Positive Negative

Present Indicative

Plain ki o tsukeru ki o tsukenai

Polite ki o tsukemasu ki o tsukemasen

Presumptive

Plainki o tsukeyōki o tsukeru darō

ki o tsukenai darō

Politeki o tsukemashōki o tsukeru deshō

ki o tsukenai deshō

Imperative

Plain ki o tsukero ki o tsukeru na

Politeki o tsukete kudasai

ki o tsukenai de kudasai

Past Indicative Plain ki o tsuketa ki o tsukenakatta

P a g e | 284


Verb Class 2

Stem ki o tsuke -



Polite ki o tsukemashitaki o tsukemasen deshita

Past Presumptive

Plainki o tsuketarōki o tsuketa darō

ki o tsukenakatta darō

Polite ki o tsuketa deshōki o tsukenakatta deshō

Present Progressive

Plain ki o tsukete iru

Polite ki o tsukete imasu ki o tsukete imasen

Past Progressive

Plain ki o tsukete ita

Politeki o tsukete imashita

ki o tsukete imasen deshita

Provisional Plain ki o tsukereba ki o tsukenakereba

Polite ki o tsukemaseba ki o tsukemasen

P a g e | 285


Verb Class 2

Stem ki o tsuke -



ki o tsukemasureba

nara

Conditional

Plain ki o tsuketara ki o tsukenakattara

Politeki o tsukemashitara

ki o tsukemasen deshitara

Potential

Plain ki o tsukerareru ki o tsukerarenai

Politeki o tsukeraremasu

ki o tsukeraremasen

Causative

Plain ki o tsukesaseru ki o tsukesasenai

Politeki o tsukesasemasu

ki o tsukesasemasen

P a g e | 286

CONJUGATION OF JAPANESE VERB HIKKOSHI SHIRU – MOVE (HOUSE)

Verb Class 2

Stem hikkoshi shi -

Te form hikkoshi shite

Infinitive hikkoshi shi

Positive Negative

Present Indicative

Plain hikkoshi shiru hikkoshi shinai

Polite

hikkoshi shimasu hikkoshi shimasen

Presumptive

Plainhikkoshi shiyōhikkoshi shiru darō

hikkoshi shinai darō

Polite

hikkoshi shimashōhikkoshi shiru deshō

hikkoshi shinai deshō

Imperative Plain hikkoshi shiro hikkoshi shiru na

Polit hikkoshi shite hikkoshi shinai de

P a g e | 287


Verb Class 2

Stem hikkoshi shi -



e kudasai kudasai

Past Indicative

Plain hikkoshi shita hikkoshi shinakatta

Polite

hikkoshi shimashita

hikkoshi shimasen deshita

Past Presumptive

Plainhikkoshi shitarōhikkoshi shita darō

hikkoshi shinakatta darō

Polite

hikkoshi shita deshō

hikkoshi shinakatta deshō

Present Progressive

Plain hikkoshi shite iru

Polite

hikkoshi shite imasu

hikkoshi shite imasen

Past Plain hikkoshi shite ita

P a g e | 288


Verb Class 2

Stem hikkoshi shi -



ProgressivePolite

hikkoshi shite imashita

hikkoshi shite imasen deshita

Provisional

Plain hikkoshi shireba hikkoshi shinakereba

Polite

hikkoshi shimasebahikkoshi shimasureba

hikkoshi shimasen nara

Conditional

Plain hikkoshi shitara hikkoshi shinakattara

Polite

hikkoshi shimashitara

hikkoshi shimasen deshitara

Potential

Plainhikkoshi shirareru

hikkoshi shirarenai

Polite

hikkoshi shiraremasu

hikkoshi shiraremasen

P a g e | 289


Verb Class 2

Stem hikkoshi shi -



Causative

Plainhikkoshi shisaseru

hikkoshi shisasenai

Polite

hikkoshi shisasemasu

hikkoshi shisasemasen

P a g e | 290

CONJUGATION OF JAPANESE VERB KURERU- GIVE (ME)

Verb Class 2

Stem kure -

Te form kurete

Infinitive kure

Positive Negative

Present IndicativePlain kureru kurenai

Polite kuremasu kuremasen

Presumptive

Plainkureyōkureru darō

kurenai darō

Politekuremashōkureru deshō

kurenai deshō

ImperativePlain kurero kureru na

Polite kurete kudasai kurenai de kudasai

Past IndicativePlain kureta kurenakatta

Polite kuremashita kuremasen deshita

Past Presumptive Plain kuretarō kurenakatta darō

P a g e | 291


Verb Class 2

Stem kure -

Te form kurete

Infinitive kure

kureta darō

Polite kureta deshō kurenakatta deshō

Present Progressive

Plain kurete iru

Polite kurete imasu kurete imasen

Past Progressive

Plain kurete ita

Politekurete imashita

kurete imasen deshita

Provisional

Plain kurereba kurenakereba

Politekuremasebakuremasureba

kuremasen nara

ConditionalPlain kuretara kurenakattara

Polite kuremashitara kuremasen deshitara

Potential Plain kurerareru kurerarenai

P a g e | 292


Verb Class 2

Stem kure -

Te form kurete

Infinitive kure

Polite kureraremasu kureraremasen

CausativePlain kuresaseru kuresasenai

Polite kuresasemasu kuresasemasen

P a g e | 293

CONJUGATION OF JAPANESE VERB TSURETE IKU – TAKE (SOMEONE)

Verb Class 1

Stem tsurete ik -

Te form tsurete iite

Infinitive tsurete iki

Positive Negative

Present Indicative

Plain tsurete iku tsurete ikanai

Polite tsurete ikimasu tsurete ikimasen

Presumptive

Plaintsurete ikōtsurete iku darō

tsurete ikanai darō

Politetsurete ikimashōtsurete iku deshō

tsurete ikanai deshō

Imperative

Plain tsurete ike tsurete iku na

Politetsurete iite kudasai

tsurete ikanai de kudasai

Past Indicative Plain tsurete iita tsurete ikanakatta

P a g e | 294


Verb Class 1

Stem tsurete ik -



Politetsurete ikimashita

tsurete ikimasen deshita

Past Presumptive

Plaintsurete iitarōtsurete iita darō

tsurete ikanakatta darō

Politetsurete iita deshō

tsurete ikanakatta deshō

Present Progressive

Plain tsurete iite iru

Politetsurete iite imasu

tsurete iite imasen

Past Progressive

Plain tsurete iite ita

Politetsurete iite imashita

tsurete iite imasen deshita

Provisional Plain tsurete ikeba tsurete ikanakereba

P a g e | 295


Verb Class 1

Stem tsurete ik -



Polite

tsurete ikimasebatsurete ikimasureba

tsurete ikimasen nara

Conditional

Plain tsurete iitara tsurete ikanakattara

Politetsurete ikimashitara

tsurete ikimasen deshitara

PotentialPlain tsurete ikeru tsurete ikenai

Polite tsurete ikemasu tsurete ikemasen

Causative

Plain tsurete ikaseru tsurete ikasenai

Politetsurete ikasemasu

tsurete ikasemasen

P a g e | 296

CONJUGATION OF JAPANESE VERB TSURETE KIRU

Verb Class 2

Stem tsurete ki -

Te form tsurete kite

Infinitive tsurete ki

Positive Negative

Present Indicative

Plain tsurete kiru tsurete kinai

Polite tsurete kimasu tsurete kimasen

Presumptive

Plaintsurete kiyōtsurete kiru darō

tsurete kinai darō

Politetsurete kimashōtsurete kiru deshō

tsurete kinai deshō

Imperative

Plain tsurete kiro tsurete kiru na

Politetsurete kite kudasai

tsurete kinai de kudasai

Past Indicative Plain tsurete kita tsurete kinakatta

Polite tsurete tsurete kimasen

P a g e | 297


Verb Class 2

Stem tsurete ki -



kimashita deshita

Past Presumptive

Plaintsurete kitarōtsurete kita darō

tsurete kinakatta darō

Politetsurete kita deshō

tsurete kinakatta deshō

Present Progressive

Plain tsurete kite iru

Politetsurete kite imasu

tsurete kite imasen

Past Progressive

Plain tsurete kite ita

Politetsurete kite imashita

tsurete kite imasen deshita

Provisional Plain tsurete kireba tsurete kinakereba

Polite tsurete kimasebatsurete

tsurete kimasen nara

P a g e | 298


Verb Class 2

Stem tsurete ki -



kimasureba

Conditional

Plain tsurete kitara tsurete kinakattara

Politetsurete kimashitara

tsurete kimasen deshitara

Potential

Plain tsurete kirareru tsurete kirarenai

Politetsurete kiraremasu

tsurete kiraremasen

Causative

Plain tsurete kisaseru tsurete kisasenai

Politetsurete kisasemasu

tsurete kisasemasen

P a g e | 299

CONJUGATION OF JAPANESE VERB KANGAERU - TO THINK

Verb Class 2

Stem kangae -

Te form kangaete

Infinitive kangae

Positive Negative

Present Indicative

Plain kangaeru kangaenai

Polite

kangaemasu kangaemasen

Presumptive

Plainkangaeyōkangaeru darō

kangaenai darō

Polite

kangaemashōkangaeru deshō

kangaenai deshō

Imperative

Plain kangaero kangaeru na

Polite

kangaete kudasaikangaenai de kudasai

Past Indicative Plain kangaeta kangaenakatta

Polit kangaemashita kangaemasen

P a g e | 300


Verb Class 2

Stem kangae -

Te form kangaete

Infinitive kangae

e deshita

Past Presumptive

Plainkangaetarōkangaeta darō

kangaenakatta darō

Polite

kangaeta deshō kangaenakatta deshō

Present Progressive

Plain kangaete iru

Polite

kangaete imasu kangaete imasen

Past Progressive

Plain kangaete ita

Polite

kangaete imashita

kangaete imasen deshita

Provisional

Plain kangaereba kangaenakereba

Polite

kangaemasebakangaemasureba

kangaemasen nara

P a g e | 301


Verb Class 2

Stem kangae -

Te form kangaete

Infinitive kangae

Conditional

Plain kangaetara kangaenakattara

Polite

kangaemashitarakangaemasen deshitara

Potential

Plain kangaerareru kangaerarenai

Polite

kangaeraremasu kangaeraremasen

Causative

Plain kangaesaseru kangaesasenai

Polite

kangaesasemasu kangaesasemas

P a g e | 302

CONJUGATION OF JAPANESE VERB TSUKIRU - ARRIVE

Verb Class 2

Stem tsuki -

Te form tsukite

Infinitive tsuki

Example : eki ni tsumimasu

Positive Negative

Present IndicativePlain tsukiru tsukinai

Polite tsukimasu tsukimasen

Presumptive

Plaintsukiyōtsukiru darō

tsukinai darō

Politetsukimashōtsukiru deshō

tsukinai deshō

ImperativePlain tsukiro tsukiru na

Polite tsukite kudasai tsukinai de kudasai

Past IndicativePlain tsukita tsukinakatta

Polite tsukimashita tsukimasen deshita

Past Presumptive Plain tsukitarō tsukinakatta darō

P a g e | 303


Verb Class 2

Stem tsuki -

Te form tsukite

Infinitive tsuki

tsukita darō

Polite tsukita deshō tsukinakatta deshō

Present Progressive

Plain tsukite iru

Polite tsukite imasu tsukite imasen

Past Progressive

Plain tsukite ita

Politetsukite imashita

tsukite imasen deshita

Provisional

Plain tsukireba tsukinakereba

Politetsukimasebatsukimasureba

tsukimasen nara

Conditional

Plain tsukitara tsukinakattara

Polite tsukimashitaratsukimasen deshitara

P a g e | 304


Verb Class 2

Stem tsuki -

Te form tsukite

Infinitive tsuki

PotentialPlain tsukirareru tsukirarenai

Polite tsukiraremasu tsukiraremasen

Causative Plain tsukisaseru tsukisasenai

Polite tsukisasemasu tsukisasemasen

P a g e | 305

conjugation of japanese verb lesson 1-25 of mnn 1

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