Conjugating a Fourth Conjugation Verb

audio amire audivi auditus

All About Verbs

Each verb has 4 principal parts

First Person Singular Present Active

I love

Present active InfinitiveTo love

First Person Singular

Perfect ActiveI have loved

Perfect Passive Participle

Having been loved

audio audire audivi auditus

Finding the Present Stem

audire audivi auditusaudio

The present stem is the second principal part – re.

audire - re = audi

Find the second principal part of the verb.

Present Active Tense

The present active tense = Present Stem + Present Active Endings

First Person

Second Person

Third Person

o

s

t

I

you

he, she,it

Singular Plural

nt

tis

mus we

you

they

Present Active Endings

First Person

Second

Person

Third Person

audi o

audi s

audi t

audi

audi

audiu

mus

tis

nt

I heardI am heardI do heard

You heardYou are heardYou do heard

He heardHe is heardHe did heard

We heardWe are heardWe do heard

You heardYou are heardYou do heard

They heardThey are heardThey do heard

Present Active

Nota Bene: There is a un in the third person plural.

Present Passive Tense

The present passive tense = Present Stem + Present Passive Endings

First Person

Second Person

Third Person

or

ris

tur

I

you

he, she,it

Singular Plural

ntur

mini

mur we

you

they

Present Passive Endings

First Person

Second

Person

Third Person

audi or

audi ris

audi tur

audi

audi

audiu

mur

mini

ntur

I am heard

You are heard

He is heard

We are heard

You are heard

They are heard

Present Passive

Nota Bene: There is a u in the third person plural.

Imperfect Tense

Present Stem + BA + Present Endings

audie

audie

audie

audie

audie

audie

ba

ba

mus

ba

ba

ba

ba

s

m

t

tis

nt

You heard

I heard

He heard

You heard

We heard

They heard

Imperfect Active

audie

audie

audie

audie

audie

audie

ba

ba

ba

ba

ba

ba

r

ris

tur

mur

mini

ntur

I was heard

You were heard

He was heard

We were heard

You were heard

They were heard

Imperfect Passive

Nota Bene: In the imperfect an e is inserted before the ba

Future Tense

Present Stem + e + Present Endings

audi

audi

audi

audi

audi

audi

a

e

mus

e

e

e

e

s

m

t

tis

nt

You will hear

I will hear

He will hear

You will hear

We will hear

They will hear

Imperfect Active

audi

audi

audi

audi

audi

audi

a

e

e

e

e

e

r

ris

tur

mur

mini

ntur

I will be heard

You will be heard

He will be heard

We will be heard

You will be heard

They will be heard

Imperfect Passive

Nota Bene: In the first person singular a replaces the e.

Finding the Perfect Stem

audiviaudire auditusaudio

The perfect stem is the second principal part – i.

audivi - i = audiv

Find the third principal part of the verb.

Perfect Active Tense

The present active tense = Present Stem + Present Active Endings

First Person

Second Person

Third Person

i

isti

it

I

you

he, she,it

Singular Plural

erunt

istis

imus we

you

they

Perfect Active Endings

First Person

Second

Person

Third Person

audiv i

audiv

audiv it

audiv

audiv

audiv

imus

istis

erunt

I heardI have heardI did hear

You heardYou have heardYou did hear

He heardHe has heardHe did hear

We heardWe have heardWe did hear

They I heardThey have heardThey did hear

Perfect Active

You heardYou have heardYou did hearisti

Pluperfect Active Tense

Perfect Stem + era + Present Endings

audiv

audiv

audiv

audiv

audiv

audiv

era

era

mus

era

era

era

era

s

m

t

tis

nt

You had heard

I had heard

He had heard

You had heard

We had heard

They had heard

Pluperfect Active

Future Perfect Active Tense

Perfect Stem + eri + Present Endings

audiv

audiv

audiv

audiv

audiv

audiv

er

eri

mus

eri

eri

eri

eri

s

o

t

tis

nt

You will have heard

I will have heard

He will have heard

You will have heard

We will have heard

They will have heard

Pluperfect Active

Perfect Passive System

1. Uses the fourth principal part which is called the perfect passive participle (PPP).

amo, amare, amavi, amatus. -a. -um

2. The perfect passive participle (PPP) is a verbal adjective and must agree with the subject of the sentence.

If the subject is puella (feminine singular), the PPP will be audita. If the subject is puellae (feminine plural), the PPP will be auditae. If the subject is vir (masculine singular), the PPP will be auditus. If the subject is viri (masculine plural), the PPP will be auditi. If the subject is oppidum (neuter singular), the PPP will be auditum. If the subject is oppida (neuter plural), the PPP will be audita.

Present Passive Tense

PPP + Present Tense of Sum

Auditus – a - um

Auditus – a - um

Auditus –a -um

Auditi –ae -a

Auditi –ae –a

Auditi – ae -a

sum

es

est

sumus

estis

sunt

You have been heard

I have been heard

He have been heard

You have been heard

We have been heard

They have been heard

Perfect Passive

Pluperfect Passive Tense

PPP + imperfect Tense of Sum

auditus – a - um

auditus – a - um

auditus –a -um

auditi –ae -a

auditi –ae –a

auditi – ae -a

eram

eras

erat

eramus

eratis

erant

You had been heard

I had been heard

He had been heard

You had been heard

We had been heard

They had been heard

Pluperfect Passive

Future Perfect Passive Tense

PPP + Future Tense of Sum

auditus – a - um

auditus – a - um

auditus –a -um

auditi –ae -a

auditi –ae –a

auditi – ae -a

ero

eris

erit

erimus

eritis

erunt

You will have been heard

I will have been loved

He will have been heard

You will have been heard

We will have been heard

They will have been heard

Future Perfect Passive Tense

The ______________ tense does not use the present stem.

a. Future

b. Past Perfect

c. Imperfect

d. Present

next

Munire is the ______________ principal part of the word.

a. First

b. Second

c. Third

d. Fourth

next

Munivisti can be translated _____________

a. You have fortified

b. You were fortified

c. You are fortifying

d. You will fortify

next

Munita est can be translated _____________

a. She had been fortified

b. She is fortified

c. She has been fortified

d. She will have been fortified