conjugating a fourth conjugation verb audio audire audivi auditus
TRANSCRIPT
All About Verbs
Each verb has 4 principal parts
First Person Singular Present Active
I hear
Present active InfinitiveTo hear
First Person Singular
Perfect ActiveI have heard
Perfect Passive Participle
Having been heard
audio audire audivi auditus
Finding the Present Stem
audire audivi auditusaudio
The present stem is the second principal part – re.
audire - re = audi
Find the second principal part of the verb.
Present Active Tense
The present active tense = Present Stem + Present Active Endings
First Person
Second Person
Third Person
o
s
t
I
you
he, she,it
Singular Plural
nt
tis
mus we
you
they
Present Active Endings
First Person
Second
Person
Third Person
audi o
audi s
audi t
audi
audi
audiu
mus
tis
nt
I hearI am hearingI do hear
You hearYou are hearingYou do hear
He hearsHe is hearingHe does hear
We hearWe are hearingWe do hear
You hearYou are hearingYou do hear
They hearThey are hearingThey do hear
Present Active
Nota Bene: There is a “u” in the third person plural.
Present Passive Tense
The present passive tense = Present Stem + Present Passive Endings
First Person
Second Person
Third Person
or
ris
tur
I
you
he, she,it
Singular Plural
ntur
mini
mur we
you
they
Present Passive Endings
First Person
Second
Person
Third Person
audi or
audi ris
audi tur
audi
audi
audiu
mur
mini
ntur
I am heard
You are heard
He is heard
We are heard
You are heard
They are heard
Present Passive
Nota Bene: There is a u in the third person plural.
Imperfect Tense
Present Stem + BA + Present Endings
audie
audie
audie
audie
audie
audie
ba
ba
mus
ba
ba
ba
ba
s
m
t
tis
nt
You heard
I heard
He heard
You heard
We heard
They heard
Imperfect Active
audie
audie
audie
audie
audie
audie
ba
ba
ba
ba
ba
ba
r
ris
tur
mur
mini
ntur
I was heard
You were heard
He was heard
We were heard
You were heard
They were heard
Imperfect Passive
Nota Bene: In the imperfect an “e” is inserted before the “ba”
Future Tense
Present Stem + e + Present Endings
audi
audi
audi
audi
audi
audi
a
e
mus
e
e
e
e
s
m
t
tis
nt
You will hear
I will hear
He will hear
You will hear
We will hear
They will hear
Future Active
audi
audi
audi
audi
audi
audi
a
e
e
e
e
e
r
ris
tur
mur
mini
ntur
I will be heard
You will be heard
He will be heard
We will be heard
You will be heard
They will be heard
Future Passive
Nota Bene: In the first person singular a replaces the e.
Finding the Perfect Stem
audiviaudire auditusaudio
The perfect stem is the third principal part – i.
audivi - i = audiv
Find the third principal part of the verb.
Perfect Active Tense
The Perfect Active Tense = Perfect Stem + Perfect Active Endings
First Person
Second Person
Third Person
i
isti
it
I
you
he, she,it
Singular Plural
erunt
istis
imus we
you
they
Perfect Active Endings
First Person
Second
Person
Third Person
audiv i
audiv
audiv it
audiv
audiv
audiv
imus
istis
erunt
I heardI have heardI did hear
You heardYou have heardYou did hear
He heardHe has heardHe did hear
We heardWe have heardWe did hear
They I heardThey have heardThey did hear
Perfect Active
You heardYou have heardYou did hearisti
Pluperfect Active Tense
Perfect Stem + era + Present Endings
audiv
audiv
audiv
audiv
audiv
audiv
era
era
mus
era
era
era
era
s
m
t
tis
nt
You had heard
I had heard
He had heard
You had heard
We had heard
They had heard
Pluperfect Active
Future Perfect Active Tense
Perfect Stem + eri + Present Endings
audiv
audiv
audiv
audiv
audiv
audiv
er
eri
mus
eri
eri
eri
eri
s
o
t
tis
nt
You will have heard
I will have heard
He will have heard
You will have heard
We will have heard
They will have heard
Future Perfect Active
Perfect Passive System
1. Uses the fourth principal part which is called the perfect passive participle (PPP).
audio, audire, audivi, auditus. -a. -um
2. The perfect passive participle (PPP) is a verbal adjective and must agree with the subject of the sentence.
If the subject is puella (feminine singular), the PPP will be audita. If the subject is puellae (feminine plural), the PPP will be auditae. If the subject is vir (masculine singular), the PPP will be auditus. If the subject is viri (masculine plural), the PPP will be auditi. If the subject is oppidum (neuter singular), the PPP will be auditum. If the subject is oppida (neuter plural), the PPP will be audita.
Perfect Passive Tense
PPP + Present Tense of Sum
Auditus – a - um
Auditus – a - um
Auditus –a -um
Auditi –ae -a
Auditi –ae –a
Auditi – ae -a
sum
es
est
sumus
estis
sunt
You have been heard
I have been heard
He has been heard
You have been heard
We have been heard
They have been heard
Perfect Passive
Pluperfect Passive Tense
PPP + Imperfect Tense of Sum
auditus – a - um
auditus – a - um
auditus –a -um
auditi –ae -a
auditi –ae –a
auditi – ae -a
eram
eras
erat
eramus
eratis
erant
You had been heard
I had been heard
He had been heard
You had been heard
We had been heard
They had been heard
Pluperfect Passive
Future Perfect Passive Tense
PPP + Future Tense of Sum
auditus – a - um
auditus – a - um
auditus –a -um
auditi –ae -a
auditi –ae –a
auditi – ae -a
ero
eris
erit
erimus
eritis
erunt
You will have been heard
I will have been heard
He will have been heard
You will have been heard
We will have been heard
They will have been heard
Future Perfect Passive Tense
The ______________ tense does not use the present stem.
a. Future
b. Past Perfect
c. Imperfect
d. Present
next
Munivisti can be translated _____________
a. You have fortified
b. You were fortified
c. You are fortifying
d. You will fortify
next
Munita est can be translated _____________
a. She had been fortified
b. She is fortified
c. She has been fortified
d. She will have been fortified