Congestion Pricing ExamplesCongestion Pricing Examples

Singapore 1975

Bergen, Oslo, Trondheim 1990

London 2003

Stockholm 2007

OutlineOutlineOutlineOutline

•• Strong collaboration between city and Strong collaboration between city and KTH in transport projectsKTH in transport projectsp p jp p j

•• ExamplesExamplesC ti h i (CC)C ti h i (CC)~~ Congestion charging (CC)Congestion charging (CC)

~~ Traffic managementTraffic management•• Related Related iinternat5ional collaborationsnternat5ional collaborations

The Stockholm Congestion Charging (CC)

1980 - 2006 CC on the agenda of planners and politicians

Jan 2006 – July 2006 Full-scale CC- experiment

and politicians

Jan 2006 July 2006 Full scale CC experiment

Sept 2006 Referendum on PermanentSept 2006 Referendum on Permanent Adoption

52 percent yes

48 percent no

The politicsThe politics•• A A longlong process process characterizedcharacterized by strong by strong politicalpolitical

differenciesdifferenciesdifferenciesdifferencies•• The Social The Social DemocratsDemocrats proposedproposed and and thenthen killed killed

aa tolltoll ringring proposalproposal 19911991 9797a a tolltoll ring ring proposalproposal 19911991--9797•• 2002 the 2002 the EnvironmentalistsEnvironmentalists forcedforced the socialist the socialist

CCCC ffpartiesparties to to implementimplement a CCa CC--experiment experiment beforebeforethe 2006 the 2006 electionelection

•• The The rightright--wingwing triedtried to stop it and to stop it and wonwon the the 2006 2006 electionelection

•• ButBut the the citizenscitizens of Stockholm of Stockholm votedvoted to to keepkeep the the chargingcharging systemsystemg gg g yy

The Stockholm chargesThe Stockholm charges

• 10-20 SEK (1-2 €) per cordon crossing, depending on time of day

• Alternative-fuel cars exempt• Max 60 SEK/day

• No charge evenings or weekends

The Stockholm chargesThe Stockholm charges

Technology based on plate Technology based on plate i ii irecognitionrecognition

•• No driver ”action” No driver ”action” necessarynecessary

•• Invoice each Invoice each month month –– can pay can pay either manually oreither manually oreither manually or either manually or automaticallyautomatically

•• Automatic Automatic number plate number plate recognition very recognition very effectiveeffectiveeffectiveeffective

Persistent decrease (Persistent decrease (≈≈20% across 20% across d )d )cordon)cordon)

500 000

600 000 dashed line – 2006-2007 ”between” charging

400 000

500 000

2005 (before charges)2006 (with charges)2006 (no charges)

300 000

2007 (no charges)2007 (with charges)

2008 (with charges)

-19% -17% -17% -16% -19% -22% -17% -19% -16% -19% -17%100 000

200 0002009 (with charges)

-28% -23% -22% -21% -20% -21% -24% -21% -20% -17% -18% -17%0

100 000

jan feb mar apr maj jun jul aug sep okt nov decjan feb mar apr maj jun jul aug sep okt nov dec

Traffic managementTraffic managementTraffic managementTraffic management

•• Extensive data collection infrastructureExtensive data collection infrastructure~~ TrafikTrafik StockholmStockholmTrafikTrafik StockholmStockholm

•• Swedish Intelligent Transportation Swedish Intelligent Transportation S t (ITS) L b t KTHS t (ITS) L b t KTHSystems (ITS) Lab at KTHSystems (ITS) Lab at KTH~~ Repository of traffic and traffic related data in Repository of traffic and traffic related data in p yp y

real timereal timeRadarRadarGPSGPS

•• Traffic monitoring and managementTraffic monitoring and management•• Traffic monitoring and managementTraffic monitoring and management

Swedish ITSSwedish ITSSwedish ITS Swedish ITS Laboratory Laboratory

at KTHat KTHat KTHat KTH

Example: Speedp p

Example: Speed Variability

Traffic managementTraffic managementTraffic managementTraffic management

•• International collaboratorsInternational collaborators~~ IBMIBMIBMIBM~~ University of California BerkeleyUniversity of California Berkeley