congenital anomalies & t heir incidence rates
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Congenital Anomalies & T heir Incidence Rates. Wadie Waterman. In General…. Congenital anomalies are also known as birth defects About 3-4% of babies are born with congenital anomalies Most occur due to environmental and genetic factors Often the causes are unknown. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Congenital Anomalies & Their Incidence RatesWadie Waterman
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In General…• Congenital anomalies
are also known as birth defects• About 3-4% of babies
are born with congenital anomalies• Most occur due to
environmental and genetic factors• Often the causes are
unknown
• Many parents assume that all birth defects are severe or even fatal, but the fact is that many are treatable, often immediately after birth — and sometimes even before the baby is born.
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Genetic and Environmental Causes• Inheritance• Chromosome abnormalities• Single gene defects• Multifactorial inheritance (many factors involved)• Teratogens (a birth defect causing agent like alcohol abuse)
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Most Common • Cleft lip and palate• Can occur separately
on in conjunction with one another• Unilateral or bilateral• Occur 1 per every 500-
700 births
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Most Common• Syndactyly &
polydactyly• Syndactyly occurs
when a newborns digits fail to separate, resulting in webbed hands or feet• Polydactyly is the
complete or partial duplication of digits
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Most Common• Radial Dysplasia &
Hyperplasia• “clubhand”• Failure of the radius
and adjacent soft tissues to fully develop
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Congenital Heart Defects• Approximately 8 out of
every 1,000 newborns have congenital heart defects, ranging from mild to severe.
• Result in incomplete or abnormal development of the fetus’ heart during very early stages of pregnancy.
• Usually causes are unknown but can be associated with genetic disorders.
• Common ones:• Aortic Stenosis• Atrial Septal Defect• Atrioventricular Canal
Defect• Coarction of the Aorta• Hypoplastic Left Heart
Syndrome• Pulmonary Atresia• Pulmonary Stenosis
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Congenital Brain Defects• Spina Bifida• Meningomyelocele• Hydroencephalus• Schizencephaly (split
brain)• Megalencephaly