conflict within groups. outline conflict competition and conflict class activity mixed motive...
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Conflict within Groups
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Outline Conflict Competition and Conflict
Class Activity
Mixed Motive Situations Social Dilemmas
Class Activity
Threats and competition
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Conflict What is it?
Disagreement, discord and friction that occurs when the actions or beliefs of one or more members of the group are unacceptable to and resisted by one or more other group members.
Conflict is unavoidable in groups Interdependence increases chances of clashing
likes and dislikes opinions and perspectives motives and goals
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Types of Conflict Personal conflict
Interpersonal discord when group members dislike each other
Substantive conflict Disagreements over issues that are relevant to the
group’s real goals and outcomes Procedural conflicts
Disagreements over the methods the group should use to complete its basic tasks
Disagreeing on how to disagree!
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Class Activity General Instructions
The aim of this activity is to investigate behavior in small groups. Participants will be divided into groups of two, with one experimenter. Each group of two people will work on a task at which they will attempt to accumulate points. After completing the task, participants will be asked to perform another similar task.
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Competition and Conflict Competition
Situation in which any one member of the group will succeed only if another member of the group fails
Cooperation Situation in which the success of any one
member improves the chance of other members succeeding
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Competition and Conflict Competition promotes conflict
Sabotage other, criticize them, withhold info.
Effects of competition (Deutsch, 1949) Two types of grading systems
Competitive Cooperative
Results: Conflicts more pronounced in competitive groups Cooperative ppl were friendlier, more supportive
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Mixed-Motive Situations Most situations:
Motive to compete and the motive to cooperate
Laboratory technique: Prisoner’s dilemma game (PDG) Analogous to 2 criminals whose fates depend on
their trust Must choose to cooperate or to compete
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5 years 5 years
10 years 0 years
0 years 10 years
1 year 1 year
Confesses
Confesses
Doesn’t confess
Doesn’t confess
John
Jane
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Prisoner’s Dilemma Online Interactive prisoner's dilemma
Interactive prisoner's dilemma
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GAME RULES Rule #1:
The number of objects left in the bowl at the end of every 10 seconds will double. (max: 14)
Rule #2: The object of the game is for the players to
acquire as many objects as possible.
Rule #3: Players cannot communicate with each other
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Social Dilemmas Social dilemmas
Individuals must choose between maximizing their personal outcomes and maximizing their group’s outcomes
Dividing resources Equity norm
Distributing resources in proportion to inputs Equality norm
Distributing resources equally among all members
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Resource Dilemma Tragedy of the commons
Resource dilemma (social trap) A situation that tempts ppl to
act in ways that will benefit them but will prove detrimental in the long run to them and the group
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Threats and Competition The capacity to threaten others sets up
conflict situation Actual use of threat serves to intensify
conflict If one party threatens the other, the
threatened party will fare best if it cannot respond
Open communication not always good!
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Threats and Competition Trucking game simulation (Deutsch & Krauss, 1960)
SS role play owners of trucking companies ACME and BOLT carried merchandise over roads Earned $.60 each trip minus $.01 per second Conditions:
Unilateral threat condition Bilateral threat condition Control
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Trucking Game Simulation
ACMEstart
BOLTstart
ACMEdestination
BOLTdestination
Direct Route
Alternative Route
Alternative Route
Acme’s Gate Bolt’s Gate
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Trucking Game Simulation http://www.worthpublishers.com/exploring/
content/psychsim/index.htm
Found under social decision making