Confined Spaces29 CFR 1910.146

                      

                    

Cummins Southern Plains, Ltd.

Confined Space Training

Definitions Confined Space Program Confined Space Permit System Atmospheric Testing Duties

Authorized Entrant Attendant Entry Supervisor

Confined Space Defined

Is large enough and so configured that an employee can bodily enter and perform assigned work; AND

Has limited or restricted means for entry and exit; AND

Is not designated for continuous employee occupancy.

Permit Required Confined Space (PRCS)

Confined space that has one or more of the following characteristics:

1. Contains or has the potential to contain a hazardous atmosphere;

2. Contains a material that has the potential for engulfing an entrant;

3. Has an internal configuration such that an entrant could be trapped or asphyxiated by inwardly converging walls or by sloped/tapered floors; Or

4. Contains any other serious “recognized” hazard

Hazardous Atmosphere

An atmosphere that may expose employees to the risk of death, incapacitation, impairment of ability for self-rescue (unaided), injury or acute illness from one or more of the following causes:

1. Flammable gas, vapor or mist in excess of 10% of its LFL;2. Airborne combustible dust at a concentration that meets or

exceeds its LFL;3. Atmospheric oxygen concentration below 19.5% or above

23.5%;4. Atmospheric concentration of any substance in Sub Parts G or

Z which exceeds the PELs. 5. Any other atmospheric condition that is immediately

dangerous to life or health

Non-Permit Confined Space

A confined space that does not contain or, with respect to atmospheric hazards, have the potential to contain any hazard capable of causing death or serious physical harm.

Potential Permit-Required Confined Spaces

Cooling Water Tank – Dynamometer Engulfment

Trash Compactor – Arlington Inwardly Converging Walls

Confined Space Entry….

Entry: The action by which a person passes through an opening into a permit-required confined space; Entry includes ensuing work activities in that space and is considered to have occurred as soon as any part of the entrant’s body breaks the plane of an opening into the space.

Confined Space Program Written program. Responsibility, Accountability & Duties: Outline for

each major position; provide training CS Inventory: List both Permit Required Confined

Spaces (PRCS) and Confined Spaces (CS); list hazards for each; Note any changes in use or procedures that would re-classify space

Unauthorized Entry Prevention: All employees aware of CS locations; use signs, training and/or LOTO. Prohibit entry!!!

Permit System: Spells out the permit content; must describe methods to be used to issue, post, cancel and audit permits, and to return spaces back to service.

Confined Space Program Attendants: Provide at least one attendant outside

the PRCS for the duration of each entry.- Specify duties & general qualifications- Multiple spaces?

Entry Preparation: Outline the equipment and methods to be used to identify and evaluate hazards. Confirm that conditions are safe to enter and will remain so for the duration of the entry.** Entry Permit verifies these steps for the proposed entry

Rescue

Confined Space Permit System Space & purpose of

entry Date & entry

duration Authorized entrants Attendants Entry Supervisor Hazards of the PRCS Acceptable entry

conditions

Results of initial & periodic tests

Rescue & emergency services

Communication procedures

Equipment to be used

Any other safety info Other permits

CONFINEDSPACEPERMIT

Atmospheric Testing Evaluation Testing: CS analyzed using

equipment of sufficient sensitivity and specificity to identify any hazardous atmosphere that may exist or arise.

- develop permit entry procedures by results

- conducted/reviewed by technically qualified professional

Atmospheric Testing Verification Testing: “Periodic” testing for

residues of all contaminants identified by evaluation testing.

- permit specified equipment

- ensure concentrations within acceptable ranges of permit entry conditions- record results on permit- testing stratified atmospheres- order of testing (Oxygen, LEL, CO, H2S)

Typical Hazardous Contaminants• CH4 (METHANE) = LIGHTER THAN AIR

• CO (CARBON MONOXIDE) = SAME AS AIR

• H2S (HYDROGEN SULFIDE) = HEAVIER

Sampling Strategy Sample Bottom, Center and Top of

Space

Multi-Gas Instruments• OXYGEN - MIN 19.5% , MAX 23.5%• CO - ALARM = 35PPM• COMBUSTIBLE - ALARM = 10% LEL• H2S - ALARM =10 PPM

Oxygen (O2)

20.9% = NORMAL• 15% - 19% = DECREASED ABILITY AT STRENUOUS WORK

AND BREATHING DIFFICULTIES, PEOPLE W/ CORONARY, PULMONARY, OR CIRCULATION DIFFICULTIES.

• 10% - 12% = RESPIRATION RATE INCREASES, LOSS OF JUDGEMENT, LIPS TURN BLUE

• 8% - 10% = MENTAL FAILURE, ASHEN COMPLEXION, NAUSEA.

• 6% - 8% = FATAL AT 8 MINUTES , 50% FATAL AT 6 MINUTES, TREATMENT REQUIRED FOR RECOVERY AT 4 TO 5 MINUTES

• 4% - 6% = COMA WITHIN 40 SECONDS, CONVULSIONS, CEASED RESPIRATION, FOLLOWED BY DEATH

Carbon Monoxide (CO)• 35 PPM = ALARM LEVEL - PERMISSIBLE OVER 8

HOURS• 200 PPM = SLIGHT HEADACHE AFTER 3 HOURS• 600 PPM = SEVERE HEADACHE, DISCOMFORT @ 1

HOUR• 2000 PPM = CONFUSION, HEADACHE, NAUSEA @ 2

HRS• 2500 PPM = ALL OF THE ABOVE WITH PALPITATION

OF THE HEART AND UNCONCIENCENESS @ 30 MINUTES

• 4000 PPM = DEATH UNDER 1 HOUR !!

Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S)• 10 PPM = ALARM LEVEL, PERMISSIBLE EXPOSURE

LIMIT• 15 PPM = SHORT TERM EXPOSURE LIMIT @ 15

MINUTES• 50-100 PPM = MILD EYE IRRITATION, LOSS OF

SENSE OF SMELL, MILD RESPIRATORY IRRITATION @ 1 HOUR

• 200 - 300 PPM = PRONOUNCED EYE IRRITATION, MARKED RESPIRATORY IRRITATION.

• 500 - 700 PPM = UNCONCIOUSNESS LEADING TO DEATH WITHIN 1 HOUR

• +1000 PPM = DEATH WITHIN MINUTES !!

Lower Explosive Limit (LEL)

Forced Air Ventilation No hazardous atmosphere allowed

when employee inside a PRCS. Forced air ventilation used to control

any hazardous atmosphere. Air directed to ventilate immediate

areas where employees located; continuous.

Air supply from clean source “Periodic testing”

Purge vs. Ventilate

Purge Guidelines

• = 7 COMPLETE AIR EXCHANGES• KNOW YOUR SPACE (VOLUME)• KNOW YOU BLOWER CAPACITY• VOLUME / CAPACITY X 7 =• # MINUTES PURGE TIME

Purge Time Example

• VOLUME= 10’ X 8’ X 6’ HIGH FOR A TOTAL OF 480 CUBIC FT

• CAPACITY = 640 CFM WITH 1 X 90 DEGREE BEND.

• VOLUME / CAPACITY X 7 =• 480 / 640 X 7 = 5.25 MINUTES

Authorized Entrant’s Duties

Know space hazards, mode of exposure, symptoms of overexposure and consequences of exposure

Use appropriate personal protective equipment properly

As necessary, maintain communication with attendants Exit from permit space as soon as possible when

ordered by an authorized person, when the entrant recognizes the warning symptoms of exposure exist, when a prohibited condition exists, or when an automatic alarm is activated

Alert the attendant when a prohibited condition exists or when warning symptoms of exposure exist.

Attendant’s Duties

Remain outside permit space during entry operations unless relieved by another authorized attendant

Perform no-entry rescues when specified by procedure Know existing and potential hazards Maintain communication and keep accurate account of

those workers entering the permit-required space Order evacuation of the permit space when a

prohibited condition exists, a worker shows signs of hazardous exposure, an emergency outside the confined space exists, and when the attendant cannot effectively and safely perform required duties

Attendant’s Duties

Summon rescue and other services during an emergency.

Ensure that unauthorized persons stay out of permit space and inform entrants and supervisor of entry by unauthorized persons

Perform no other duties that interfere with the attendant’s primary duties

Entry Supervisor’s Duties Know space hazards, mode of exposure, symptoms

of overexposure and consequences of exposure Verify emergency plans and specified entry

conditions Terminate entry and cancel permits when entry

operations are completed or if a new condition exists

Take appropriate measures to remove unauthorized entrants

Ensure that entry operations remain consistent with the entry permit and that acceptable entry conditions are maintained

Confined Space Decision Tree

GIF Image

Confined Space Training

Any Questions??