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Clatrhrate Desalination Technology

Inventor’s name: Tretyakov K.

Telephone: +38 050 4525530

E-mail: tretyakov_k@rambler.ru

Yuzhnoye State Design Office

City: Dnepropetrovsk

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Proprietary information statement

• The slides contain confidential and proprietary information for use in patenting the technology.

• The technology material presented is available for licensing or joint product development.

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Problem Description & Market Need

World needs for fresh water grow. In the market energy saving, universal

and inexpensive desalination technologies are necessary.

Throughout the world 26 countries feel deficiency of fresh water, in 13 countries it is sharp.1

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Distribution of renewable fresh water resources, m3/(yearperson)

Necessary minimum - 1700 m3/(yearperson)

0200400600800

100012001400160018002000

Kuwait

United

Ara

b Em

irate

s

Saudi

Arabia

Jord

an

Libya

n Ara

b Ja

mah

iriya

Yemen

Oman

Tunisi

a

Israe

l

Algeria

Burun

di

Rwanda

Kenya

Mor

occo

Egypt

Denm

ark

Zimba

bwe

South

Afri

ca

Leba

non

Haiti

Korea

, Rep

Czech

Rep

ublic

Belgium

Poland

Mala

wi

Burkin

a Fas

o

Ethiop

ia

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Existing water-desalinating capacities m3/(yearperson)

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

United ArabEmirates

Kuwait Saudi Arabia Libyan ArabJamahiriya

Oman

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Demanded water-desalinating capacities m3/(yearperson)

0

200400

600

8001000

1200

14001600

1800

Kuwai

t

United

Ara

b Em

irate

s

Saudi

Arabia

Jord

an

Liby

an Ara

b Ja

mahir

iya

Yemen

Om

an

Tunisia

Isra

el

Alger

ia

Burund

i

Rwanda

Kenya

Mor

occo

Egypt

Denm

ark

Zimba

bwe

South

Afri

ca

Leba

non

Haiti

Korea,

Rep

Czech

Repu

blic

Belgiu

m

Polan

d

Mala

wi

Burkin

a Fas

o

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Technical Merits

• Expenses of the electric power less than 100 J/kg per a product.

• Tolerance to the dissolved substance level in initial sea water or wastewater.

• Cost of the freshened water at level 1.5-3 $/m3.• High quality of the freshened water.

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Technology Description

• Initial sea water moves to a bottom part of the apparatus where it is agitated with the special agent under action of ultrasound. Thus the hot ice (clathrate) is formed.

• The formed suspension is moved by a pump in the evaporator of a freezing machine which is located inside of the apparatus and in which heat leaves, evolved in reaction.

• Hot ice crystals are separated from suspension on the filter located above the evaporator, and move upwards for washing.

• Cooled water moves in a crystallizing tank.

• Hot ice crystals are melted in a melter-condenser and fresh water is separated from special agent and it is transported to consumer.

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Advantages

• Conditions for carrying out this process are approximated to normal ones (pressure not above 3 atm. and temperature in the range from 0 to 30С).

• Simple hardware equipment.

• Water with the small contents of heavy isotopes Н2,H3 and O18.

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Advantages

• Low energy consumption on desalting of high salty water without its preliminary treatment.

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Experimental Results

• Energy consumption on producing of 1 kg of desalinated water depending on the degree of extraction of fresh water from an initial brine and its salinity

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Stage of Development

The pilot unit is developed. Properties of the clathrate are investigated.

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Next Steps for Development

Development of the commercial plant concept and patenting in the USA by the results of works performed (STCU project 3515).

Search of the partner in the USA together with the collaborator.

Development of the commercial plant (for example, IPP project).

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Development Costs 2

• Demonstration plant at any location to produce 36,000 gallons/day [136 m3/day] or 40 acre-feet/year [49300 m3/year] if operated continuously

 

• Commercial plant at unspecified location to produce 3.6 million gallons/day [13600 m3/day] or 4,000 acre-feet/year [4.93 million m3/year]

 

• Commercial .plant at unspecified location to produce 7.2 million gallons/day [27300 m3/day] or 8,000 acre-feet/year [9.87 million m3 /year]

$60,000

$1,432,000

$2,303,000

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Commercial Potential

The general world market of fresh water makes

500 billion $ per year.500 billion $ per year.

Nearby 1 billion persons in the world require potable water.

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Commercial Potential

0

0,2

0,4

0,6

0,8

1

1,2

Kuw

ait

Unite

d A

rab E

mirate

s

Saudi A

rabia

Jord

an

Lib

yan A

rab J

am

ahiriy

a

Yem

en

Om

an

Tunis

ia

Isra

el

Alg

eria

Buru

ndi

Rw

anda

Kenya

Moro

cco

Egyp

t

Denm

ark

Zim

babw

e

South

Afric

a

Lebanon

Haiti

Kore

a, R

ep

Cze

ch R

epublic

Belg

ium

Pola

nd

Mala

wi

Burk

ina F

aso

10 countries: UAE (Commercial Potential = 1), Kuwait, Israel, Denmark, Saudi Arabia, Oman, Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, Tunisia, Algeria, Jordan.

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Targeted Market Segment

Commercial product is a potable water.

Potable water now in the countries without deficiency of fresh water is on sale at the price of from 50 up to 200 $ per 1m3.

The commercial price of the water produced by our technology is no more 5 $ per 1m3.

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CompetitorsCompany Headquarters

• American Engineering Services USA• Anglian Water PLC United Kingdom• Ansaldo SPA Italy• Aqua Chem, Inc. USA• Aqua Design (Ionics) USA• ASI USA• Cayman Water Company, Ltd. British West Indies• Culligan Water Technologies, Inc. USA• Degremont SA (now Suez) France• Dow Chemical Company (FilmTec) USA• E.I. Dupont De Nemours and Company USA• Fluid Systems USA• Ham RO Systems, Inc. USA

• Hydranautics, Inc. USA• Hydropure, Inc. USA• Ionics, Inc. USA• Israel Desalination Engineers USA

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Competitors

Company Headquarters

• Lyonnaise Des Eaux-Dumez (now Suez) France• Mechanical Equipment Co. USA• Memtec America USA• Osmonics USA• Polymetrics Seawater Systems USA• Source, Inc. USA• Suez (Ondeo) France• Trisep Corp. USA• United Water Resources (Suez) USA (France)• US Filter (now owned by Vivendi) USA (France)• US Water (Suez) USA (France)• Vivendi Environnement France• Water Equipment Technology USA• The Weir Group PLC Scotland

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The technological competitor

• Richard A. McCormack. (Ramco, Inc., San Diego, Calif.).

• Michael D. Max. (Marine Desalination Systems, L.L.C., Washington, DC). 3

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Competitive MatrixImportant product or technology

characteristicsClathrate Reverse

OsmosisDistillation

Energy consumption, kJ/kg fresh water

(initial water – 2 % NaCl)

<100 <100 >300

Energy consumption on producing of desalinated water depending on initial

brine salinity

depends weakly

depends strongly

depends weakly

Preliminary water treatment not required required not required

Salt content in water produced, g/liter 1 — 3 <1 0

Content of heavy isotopes Н2, H3 and O18

reduced without changes

reduced

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References1. James E. Miller. Review of Water Resources and Desalination

Technologies. SAND REPORT 2003-0800. Unlimited Release. Printed March 2003

2. Richard A. McCormack. Clathrate desalination plant preliminary research study. Water Treatment Technology Program Report No. 5 June 1995

3. Patent 6,158,239 USA. Desalination through gas hydrate/ Michael D. Max, Dec. 12, 2000