conferencia de inauguración del 43º cihs

7/28/2019 Conferencia de inauguracin del 43 CIHS

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1/15/2009 070110SS1/15/2009 070110SS--11

FundaciFundaci

nn

Curso Internacional DeCurso Internacional De

HidrologHidrologaa SubterrSubterrneaneaBarcelona,Barcelona,

20092009


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9831 S. 51st Street, Suite E-122

Phoenix, Arizona 85044

P: 480-517-9050 F: 480-517-9049

Website: www.hydrosystems-inc.com

MANAGED AQUIFERRECHARGE


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Introduction & Background

MAR Principles

Types/Techniques/Methodologies Applications/Uses

Water Quality Aspects


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Managed Aquifer Recharge

(MAR)

Aquifer Replenishment Using Man-

made Structures

Well

Trench

Recharge / Storage RecoveryAbstraction

Dry River

Gallery


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(MAR)Artificial Groundwater Recharge:

Augmenting the natural movement of surface water intounderground formations by some method of construction, by

spreading of water or by artificially changing natural

conditions.*

* David Keith Todd (1959)


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(MAR)Historical Background

Developed in arid/semi-arid regions, i.e. Mediterranean SeaRegion

Roman Period

Dams, aqueduct, galleries

Arab/Moorish Period

Guadis, galleries, wells


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(MAR)Types/Techniques/Methodologies

Direct Surface RechargeDirect Subsurface Recharge

Combination Surface-Subsurface Recharge


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MAR:

Direct Surface Recharge

Spreading Basins, MBT RanchSpreading Basins, MBT Ranch


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StreamStream--channel Modificationchannel Modification

MAR:

Direct Surface Recharge

M d A if R h


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(MAR)Types/Techniques/Methodologies

Direct Subsurface Recharge Wells: ASR, injection, & vadose zone wells

Recharge pits & shafts

Natural opening

MAR


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Conceptual Well DesignsConceptual Well Designs

MAR:

Direct Subsurface Recharge Wells

180'180'180'

18" PVC Casing18" PVC Casing18" PVC Casing

Perforated CasingPerforated CasingPerforated CasingGravel PackGravel PackGravel Pack

Concrete SlabConcrete SlabConcrete Slab

48"48"48"

1000'1000'1000'

Concrete SlabConcrete SlabConcrete Slab

26"26"26"

18" Steel

Casing

18" Steel18" Steel

CasingCasing

Perforated

Casing

PerforatedPerforated

CasingCasing

Sand PackSand PackSand Pack

MAR


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MAR:

Direct Subsurface Recharge

Schematic Illustration of Pit RechargeSchematic Illustration of Pit Recharge

Abandoned Gravel Pit

MAR


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MAR:

Direct Subsurface Recharge

Surface Water FlowSurface Water Flow

Natural Opening inNatural Opening in

Limestone CavernLimestone Cavern

M d A if R h


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(MAR)

Types/Techniques/Methodologies

Combination Surface-Subsurface Recharge Basins with pits, shafts, wells

Subsurface drainage

MAR C bi ti


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MAR: Combination

Surface-Subsurface Recharge

Spreading Basins with WellsSpreading Basins with Wells



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(MAR)

Applications/Uses*

Maintain or augment the natural groundwater as an economicresource

Coordinate operation of surface and groundwater reservoirs

Combat adverse conditions such as progressive lowering ofgroundwater levels, unfavorable salt balance and saline water

intrusion

* Modified from David Keith Todd (1959)



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(MAR)

Applications/Uses*-Continued

Provide subsurface storage for local or imported surface watersDispose of runoff

Reduce or stop significant land subsidence

Conserve or extract energy in the form of hot and cold water

* Modified from David Keith Todd (1959)



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(MAR)

Applications/Uses: Water Quality

Groundwater Remediation, i.e. Plume managementImproving Groundwater Quality, i.e. Saline aquifers

Soil Aquifer Treatment (SAT), i.e. Municipal wastewater

treatment

HSIs MAR Experience


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HSI s MAR Experience

ASR: Water Campus/ Fountain Hills

Water-Spreading/Basin Recharge: MBT Ranch Reclaimed Water Recharge: City of Phoenix /City of

Scottsdale

Multiple Injection Facilities: Orange County WaterDistrict (OCWD)

ASR:


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ASR:

City of Scottsdale-Water Campus

Well 122Well 122

ASR:


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Constructed in 2000Automated Downhole Flow

Valve

Injection rate 400-600 gpmMicrofiltered effluent

ASR:

Fountain Hills Sanitary District

ASR 1ASR 1

Water-Spreading/Basin Recharge:


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Water-Spreading/Basin Recharge:

MBT Ranch

Constructed in 2003 Phase 1: 160 Acres of basins

Infiltrated rate of 0.3 Ft/day Untreated CAP

Reclaimed Water Recharge:


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Constructed in 2004 Phase 1: 7 vadose zone

recharge wells

Injection rate 200-300 gpm Treated effluent


City of Phoenix-Cave Creek



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28 High tech vadose zone recharge wells Injection rate 300-600 gpm



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Constructed in 1998 RO effluent

Multiple Injection Facilities:


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Geologic CrossGeologic Cross--sectionsection


Orange County Water District

(OCWD)



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OCWD

Four Injection ZonesFour Injection Zones



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OCWD

Four Injection ZonesFour Injection Zones



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OCWD

Three Injection ZonesThree Injection Zones



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p j a

OCWD

Three Injection ZonesThree Injection Zones



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p j

OCWD

Two Injection ZonesTwo Injection Zones



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p j

OCWD

Two Injection ZonesTwo Injection Zones

HSIs Other Relevant Experience


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p

USF & APP Permitting

Modeling

Groundwater Exploration & Development

Recovery Wells

Well Rehabilitation Use of Geophysics

Groundwater Quality Assessments

Permitting: Selected ProjectsPermitting: Selected Projects


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Global Water Company

IWDSNorth Scottsdale ASR

FacilitySRP/CAP ProjectWater Campus

WestWorld RF

Kyrene RechargeVidler Water Company

Pima County:Pima Utilities

NAUSP

Arizona American:DMB/Verrado

Sun City West

CAWCD:Agua Fria

Fountain Hills RF

g jg j

(30 USF Permits)(30 USF Permits)

Chandler Regional ParkRF

Intel Pilot RechargeProject

USF Permitting ProcessUSF Permitting Process


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gg

195da

ys

Application Submittal

Pre-App.

Meeting

PermitDecision

295Days

100

days

Permitting: Selected ProjectsPermitting: Selected Projects


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g j

(40 APP Permits)(40 APP Permits)

Chandler Regional ParkRFIntel Pilot Recharge

Project

Arrowhead Ranch

Global Water Company

Fountain Hills RF

SRP/CAP Project

Water CampusWestWorld RF

SPA-1

MulberryNorth Regional WWTPSouth Well Field

Pima County:Pima Utilities

APP Permitting ProcessAPP Permitting Process


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90days

PermitDecision

CompletenessDetermination

30day

s

30 days

6

0days

221-284

Days266-329

DaysClose ofHearing

Record

75days

3

0day

s

TechnicalReview

7da

ys

45day

s30

da

ys

90day

sCompletenessDetermination

Application

Proposal

Pre-App.

Meeting

Hydrologic

Study

Application Submittal

30 days30 days

Application without Hearing Application with Hearing

Modeling: Selected Projects


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Vanderbilt Farms Harquahala ValleyCity of Mesa Northwest Recharge

Agua Fria Central Arizona WaterConservation District

Town of Payson Hydrogeologic SummaryReport

Fountain Hills Sanitary District

Fountain Hills Sub-basin

City of Tempe Kyrene GroundwaterRecharge Project

GDW, LLC & City of Scottsdale NorthScottsdale ASR Project

Red Gap Ranch LLC Groundwater Flow

Model

(Area and Basin Wide)

Groundwater Exploration &


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Sandy Valley, NevadaSandy Valley, Nevada--Vidler Water CompanyVidler Water Company

Development


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Recovery Wells

Aquifer TestingAquifer Testing Water Quality SurveyWater Quality Survey

Municipal WellsMunicipal Wells Municipal WellsMunicipal Wells


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Well Rehabilitation

Chemical TreatmentChemical Treatment Aqua FreedAqua Freed

Air DevelopmentAir Development Sample CollectionSample Collection


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Water Quanlity Management

Th h MAR


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Through MAR

Blend waters in aquifer

Block migration of poor water quality

Summary


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HydroSystems, Inc. is the right choice for MAR

because of our superior:

Knowledge/Expertise Regulatory Relationships

Practical Applications

Operation Experience


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FundaciFundacinn

Curso Internacional DeCurso Internacional DeHidrologHidrologaa SubterrSubterrneanea

Barcelona,Barcelona,

20092009

ArizonaArizona


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ArizonaArizona

Bienvenidos AmigosBienvenidos Amigos

WelcomeWelcome

Estado Del Gran CaEstado Del Gran Caon Del Coloradoon Del Colorado

The Grand Canyon StateThe Grand Canyon State


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Greetings from ArizonaGreetings from Arizona

Grand CanyonGrand Canyon


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Grand CanyonGrand Canyon


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ArizonaArizona

California

Nevada

Utah

New Mexico

ClimateClimate SemiaridSemiaridClimate and Water DistributionClimate and Water Distribution


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ClimateClimate -- SemiaridSemiarid

In low desert region:In low desert region: AlluvialAlluvial

In mountains and Colorado Plateau:In mountains and Colorado Plateau: Bedrock aquifersBedrock aquifers

GroundwaterGroundwater Uneven geographic distributionUneven geographic distribution

Winter:Winter: Pacific frontsPacific fronts majormajor

Summer:Summer: Tropical frontsTropical fronts minorminor

El NiEl Nio:o: Dry / La NiDry / La Nio / weto / wet

Major drainages:Major drainages:

-- Colorado RiverColorado River Rocky MountainsRocky Mountains-- Rio GrandeRio Grande Rocky MountainsRocky Mountains-- San Joaquin and San Fernando RiversSan Joaquin and San Fernando Rivers Sierra NevadaSierra Nevada

Surface WaterSurface Water Seasonal and limitedSeasonal and limited

The Southwest Desert RegionThe Southwest Desert Region

Regional Historic Water UseRegional Historic Water Use


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Regional Historic Water UseRegional Historic Water Use

Los Angeles, San Diego, Phoenix,Los Angeles, San Diego, Phoenix,Las Vegas, Albuquerque, Salt LakeLas Vegas, Albuquerque, Salt LakeCity, TucsonCity, Tucson

Industry displaces agriculture asIndustry displaces agriculture asrevenue sourcerevenue source

Ag wells converted to potable wellsAg wells converted to potable wells

Industrial chemicals polluteIndustrial chemicals pollutegroundwater: VOCs, gasolinegroundwater: VOCs, gasoline

Mid 1900s to PresentMid 1900s to Present

Development of AgricultureDevelopment of Agriculture

The Reclamation ActThe Reclamation Act

Large Irrigation ProjectsLarge Irrigation Projects(U.S.B.R.)(U.S.B.R.)

The Salt River ProjectThe Salt River Project

Intensive use of groundwaterIntensive use of groundwater

Ag. chemicals pollute groundwater:Ag. chemicals pollute groundwater:NO3, DBCP, EDBNO3, DBCP, EDB

Late 1800s to mid 1900sLate 1800s to mid 1900s

Late 1800s to Mid 1990sLate 1800s to Mid 1990s


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Late 1800s to Mid 1990sLate 1800s to Mid 1990s

Reclamation projects U.S. BureauReclamation projects U.S. Bureauof Reclamationof Reclamation

Large Irrigation ProjectsLarge Irrigation Projects

(the Salt River Project)(the Salt River Project)

Roosevelt DamRoosevelt Dam


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Roosevelt DamRoosevelt Dam


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Water ConservationWater Conservation



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Public education campaignsPublic education campaigns

Economic incentivesEconomic incentives

Regulatory controlRegulatory control

Establishment of areas ofEstablishment of areas ofrestricted groundwater userestricted groundwater use


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Water ImportationWater Importation



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Arizona, California, Nevada and Utah directly importArizona, California, Nevada and Utah directly importwater from the Colorado River. Arizona, Californiawater from the Colorado River. Arizona, California

and Utah built large aqueductsand Utah built large aqueducts

Colorado River water is allocated to each state byColorado River water is allocated to each state byagreement. Regulated by the federal government:agreement. Regulated by the federal government:

The Law of the RiverThe Law of the River

Arizona vs. California: 1963 Supreme Court DecisionArizona vs. California: 1963 Supreme Court Decision

In Arizona groundwater can not be exported fromIn Arizona groundwater can not be exported fromone basin to another basinone basin to another basin


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CAP CanalCAP Canal


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Water Importation toWater Importation to



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Los AngelesLos Angeles

The Los Angeles Aqueduct:The Los Angeles Aqueduct:Owens ValleyOwens Valley

The Colorado River AqueductThe Colorado River Aqueduct

The California Aqueduct:The California Aqueduct:

The State Water ProjectThe State Water Project

Some Projects in CaliforniaSome Projects in CaliforniaOregonOregon


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San FranciscoSan Francisco

SacramentoSacramento

FresnoFresno

LakeLakeOrovilleOroville

The DeltaThe Delta

BakersfieldBakersfield

Los AngelesLos Angeles

KernKernRiverRiver

SantaSantaClaraClaraValleyValley

LosLosAngelesAngeles

BasinBasin

Californ

ia

Californ

ia

Aq

ueduct

Aq

ueduct

Colorado RiverColorado RiverAqueductAqueduct

NorthNorth

Nevada

Neva

da

Arizona

Arizona

MexicoMexico

San DiegoSan Diego

Los AngelesLos AngelesAqueductAqueduct

Purchase and Retirement ofPurchase and Retirement of



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Groundwater RightsGroundwater Rights

More intensive use of groundwater isMore intensive use of groundwater isfor agriculturefor agriculture

Buy and retire low producing agriculturalBuy and retire low producing agriculturalland (fallowing)land (fallowing)

Use in Central Valley, CA:Use in Central Valley, CA:Kern Water BankKern Water Bank


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Water ReWater Re--UseUse


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Example: Orange County, CAExample: Orange County, CA

RecoveryRecovery

andand

DisinfectionDisinfection

StorageStorage

andand

BlendingBlending

EffluentEffluent

MunicipalMunicipalWaterWater

TreatmentTreatmentI, II, IIII, II, III

ReclamationReclamationPlantPlant

InfiltrationInfiltrationandand

S.A.T.S.A.T.

RechargeRechargeBasinsBasins

Indirect ReIndirect Re--UseUse


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A t ti dA t ti d



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Conjunctive UseConjunctive Use

Augmentation andAugmentation andGroundwater RechargeGroundwater Recharge


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Water ReuseWater Reuse

Conjunctive Use ManagementConjunctive Use Management


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Waste water treatment processWaste water treatment process

Reclaimed waterReclaimed water-- QualityQuality

-- DisposalDisposal-- Permissible usesPermissible uses-- RegulationsRegulations

Soil aquifer treatmentSoil aquifer treatment-- MethodologyMethodology-- Water recoveryWater recovery

Water ReuseWater Reuse


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ComprehensiveComprehensiveConjunctive UseConjunctive Use


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Comprehensive Conjunctive UseComprehensive Conjunctive Use


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Comprehensive Conjunctive UseComprehensive Conjunctive Use


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Aquifer Storage is EssentialAquifer Storage is Essential

Direct rechargeDirect rechargeInIn--lieu rechargelieu recharge


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Aerial View of Two Orange Country Water District Percolation PonAerial View of Two Orange Country Water District Percolation Pondsdsknown as the Warner Basin and theknown as the Warner Basin and the LittleLittle Warren BasinWarren Basin


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Vaquero ProjectVaquero Project

Basin ManagementBasin Management


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Vaquero ProjectVaquero Project

Reservoir capacityReservoir capacity 300E6 M300E6 M33

UsesUses Conservation andConservation andflood controlflood control

Water is released into theWater is released into thechannel of the Santa Maria Riverchannel of the Santa Maria Riverfor infiltrationfor infiltration

PacificPacificOceanOcean Santa BarbaraSanta BarbaraCountyCounty

DamDam

VaqueroVaqueroReservoirReservoir

SantaMaria

SantaMaria

Rive

r

Rive

r

WaterWater Spreading

Spreading

Central Avra Valley Recharge ProjectCentral Avra Valley Recharge Project

Example of AqueductExample of AqueductBasin ManagementBasin Management


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Central Avra Valley Recharge ProjectCentral Avra Valley Recharge Project

Tucson, ArizonaTucson, Arizona

Colorado River water conveyed by theColorado River water conveyed by thecentral Arizona Project Aqueductcentral Arizona Project Aqueduct

Recharge capacityRecharge capacity 75E6 M75E6 M33

Stored water in the Avra Valley AquiferStored water in the Avra Valley Aquiferis recovered for potable supply for Tucsonis recovered for potable supply for Tucson


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Santa Clara ValleySanta Clara Valley

Basin Overdraft OccurredBasin Overdraft Occurred


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Land subsidence (> 5M @ San Jose)Land subsidence (> 5M @ San Jose)

WQ deterioration from brinesWQ deterioration from brines

Seawater intrusionSeawater intrusion

Increase in pumping costsIncrease in pumping costs


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Kern Valley AreaKern Valley Area

Results of Implementation ofResults of Implementation ofConjunctive Water ManagementConjunctive Water Management


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The overdraft has been reduced considerablyThe overdraft has been reduced considerably

S of 620E6 MS of 620E6 M

33

/Y in 1950/Y in 1950S of 490E6 MS of 490E6 M33/Y in 1987/Y in 1987S of


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Conjunctive Use in NevadaConjunctive Use in Nevada

Use of ASR wells for recharge and recoveryUse of ASR wells for recharge and recoveryof surface water stored in the aquiferof surface water stored in the aquifer


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Recharge is predominantly done in theRecharge is predominantly done in thewinter. Recovery in the summerwinter. Recovery in the summer

No concerning impacts to the groundwaterNo concerning impacts to the groundwaterqualityquality

The largest ASR well field in the USAThe largest ASR well field in the USA


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IrrigationIrrigation


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Recharge System OperationRecharge System Operation

SouthSouth

CanalCanal

BCWBCW HeadworksHeadworks BasinsBasins


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AquiferAquiferStorageStorage


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Cavecreek

Carefree

FountainHills

Scottsdale

ParadiseValley

Phoenix

Peoria

Glendale

ElMirage

Youngtown

Surprise

LitchfieldPark

Arizona

Canal Arizona Canal

Grand Can nal


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QueenCreek

ApacheJunction

Mesa

GilbertGuadalupe

Chandler

Tempe

Goodyear

Avondale

TollesonBuckeye

North

X-

Cu

tanal

SouthCa

na

Easte

rn

Canal

Con

soli

date

dC

anal

Tempe Ca

nal

Western

Canal


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Altitude of Water Table, Spring of 1991Altitude of Water Table, Spring of 1991Altitude of Water Table, Spring of 1991

33040

33035

112030 112025 112020 112015

T4N

T3

N

EXPLANATION

Water-Table ContourShows altitude of water table1991. Interval 25 feet. Dashedwhere approximately located.Hachures indicate areas ofclosed contours

725

Arrow Indicates Direc-tion of Groundwater Flow89

84

60

GlendaleGlendale

SunSunCityCity

ElElMirageMirage

750

725

850

825

800

775

750

Riv

e r

ria

River


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NorthNorth

00 5 Mile5 Mile

00 5 Kilometer5 Kilometer

33030

33025

T2N

T1N

R2W R1W R1E

85

10

GoodyearGoodyear

BuckeyeBuckeye AvondaleAvondale

PhoenixPhoenix

725

750

775

800

825

850 875

Gi la

River

River

Salt

F

New

Agu

a

RechargeRechargeSiteSite

LUKEAIR FORCE

BASE

LUKELUKEAIR FORCEAIR FORCE

BASEBASE


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Well RechargeWell Recharge


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gg


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Phase III: Rotating + Cylindrical Filter

CYLINDRICALCYLINDRICALFILTERFILTER

25 MICRONS25 MICRONS

CYLINDRICALCYLINDRICALFILTERFILTER

50 MICRONS50 MICRONS

CYL.CYL.FILTERFILTER#2#2



M3M3M2M2


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V3V3V2V2

TANKS 1TANKS 1TANKS 2TANKS 2

BACKWASHBACKWASH

ROTATIONALROTATIONALFILTERFILTER

P10P10 M1M1

P3,4P3,4

P1,2P1,2

P8P8

P5,6P5,6

P7P7

LELE

P9P9

LELE

FSFS

LELE

H2O2H2O2

V1V1

TANK 3TANK 3

TO RECHARGETO RECHARGE

WELLWELL

PRESSUREPRESSURETRANSDUCERTRANSDUCER

FOR LEVELFOR LEVELMEASUREMENTMEASUREMENT

Scottsdale, ArizonaScottsdale, Arizona

An AWWT plant: The most advanced technologyAn AWWT plant: The most advanced technology

in North America: 80 000 min North America: 80 000 m33/d/d

Conjunctive Use in ArizonaConjunctive Use in ArizonaThe Water Campus FacilityThe Water Campus Facility


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in North America: 80,000 min North America: 80,000 m3/d/d

A WTP for CAP water: 200,000 mA WTP for CAP water: 200,000 m33/d/d

One step beyond water factory 21 (Orange County,One step beyond water factory 21 (Orange County,California)California)

Conjunctive Use in ArizonaConjunctive Use in Arizona

Treat CAP water to potable gradeTreat CAP water to potable grade

Treat municipal effluent to advanced IITreat municipal effluent to advanced II

FunctionsFunctions

The Water Campus FacilityThe Water Campus Facility


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p

Treat advanced II to potable gradeTreat advanced II to potable grade

Aquifer storage by:Aquifer storage by:

-- Vadose zone wellsVadose zone wells SATSAT-- Injection wellsInjection wells

Conjunctive Use in ArizonaConjunctive Use in ArizonaThe Water Campus FacilityThe Water Campus Facility

PrePre--treatmenttreatment I TreatmentI Treatment AerationAeration ClarificationClarification


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IrrigationIrrigation

FiltrationFiltrationClCl22

R.O.R.O.

StorageStorage

MicrofiltrationMicrofiltration

Vadose Zone WellVadose Zone Well


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Presa RomanaPresa Romana

Siglo ISiglo I


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MMrida, Esparida, Espaaa


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Acueducto de losAcueducto de los

MilagrosMilagros

Siglo ISiglo I


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Siglo ISiglo I


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Abastecimiento deAbastecimiento deAgua SubterrtrAgua Subterrtrneasneas

La AlcazabaLa Alcazaba


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Siglo IXSiglo IX


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ConclusionsConclusions

The use of Conjunctive Water ManagementThe use of Conjunctive Water Managementwill maximize the efficiency and costwill maximize the efficiency and cost--

effectiveness of a water system. Thiseffectiveness of a water system. This

water system could be for irrigation,water system could be for irrigation,

urban industrial or multiurban, industrial or multi--purposepurpose.


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urban, industrial or multiurban, industrial or multi purpose.purpose.

The application of this water managementThe application of this water managementpractice has been very successful inpractice has been very successful in

the semiarid areas of the Southwesternthe semiarid areas of the Southwestern

United States but is also applicableUnited States but is also applicable

in more humid regionsin more humid regions


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conferencia de inauguración del 43º cihs

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