conferences to confederation

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CONFEDERATION CONFERENCES

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Page 1: Conferences to Confederation

CONFEDERATION CONFERENCES

Page 2: Conferences to Confederation

WORKIN’ IT OUT…

Page 3: Conferences to Confederation

IT ALL STARTED IN CHARLOTTETOWN, P.E.I.Charlottetown Conference, August 1864

• In attendance: Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, P.E.I, Canada (United Province of Canada)

• Result: Idea of Maritime Union set aside. Decide to meet in Quebec City.

• The Maritime colonies were already meeting to discuss Maritime Union • Delegates from Canada East and West travelled to Charlottetown to pitch the

idea of a bigger union. They showed up with plenty of champagne and got to work.

Page 4: Conferences to Confederation

ON TO QUEBEC CITY Quebec Conference, October 1864

• In attendance: New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, P.E.I, Canada East, Canada West, Newfoundland

• Result: 72 Resolutions outlined the details of Confederation.

• BUT… The governments of each colony had to pass the 72 resolutions in order for the colonies to join.

• It was politics in the day, and parties at night. With the railways picking up many of the bills.

Page 5: Conferences to Confederation

TO JOIN, OR NOT TO JOIN,THAT IS THE QUESTION!

NOW IT’S YOUR TURN

Page 6: Conferences to Confederation

CONFEDERATION CONFERENCE. ROUND 1

• You will each be assigned a colony and will meet up with the other members of your legislature.

• Look at the information provided and on your own answer these questions on a piece of paper: What are the most important points for/against Confederation. Would you support joining?

• Elect a speaker for your colony who will share your group’s decision and most important points. You will have 2 minutes MAX to share your points so make them good!

• When other colonies are sharing their points you need to be listening and/or taking notes so you can use them to help make your decision.

Page 7: Conferences to Confederation

CONFEDERATION CONFERENCE ROUND 2

• Colonies will then elect a different speaker who will try to convince other groups that Confederation is a the right, or wrong, way forward.

• Then each colony will vote on whether they join Confederation or not.

Page 8: Conferences to Confederation

COMPARE YOUR DECISIONS WITH HISTORY

COLONY FOR or AGAISNT

LEADERS ARGUMENTS YEAR ENTERED

Canada East

Canada West

New Brunswick

P.E.I.

Nova Scotia

Newfoundland

Use pages 44-50 in ‘Challenges of the West’ to fill out this chart in your notes.

Page 9: Conferences to Confederation

THE RESULTS • At the London Conference in 1866 British Parliament signed off on

the British North America Act (BNA Act), uniting New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Quebec, and Ontario.

• The BNA act was based on the 72 resolutions.

• The Dominion of Canada came into being on July 1, 1867.

Page 10: Conferences to Confederation

SO WHAT DID THEY AGREE TO?• A reorganization of government based on British and American models

FROM THE BRITISH MODEL

• Queen as head of state, represented in Canada by the Governor General

• Parliamentary government with prime minister and cabinet who controlled government policy. Prime Minister and cabinet were members of the party that had the most seats in the House of Commons.

• House of Commons was made of individuals from each province elected by the people. Quebec was guaranteed 65 members, the rest was based on population

• A second house of Parliament, called the senate, was to double check the laws passed by Parliament.

Page 11: Conferences to Confederation

SO WHAT DID THEY AGREE TO? FROM THE AMERICAN MODEL

• Idea of a federal union. Federal government makes decisions that deal with entire nation and provinces deals with its own issues separately.

• The division of powers between federal and provincial was influenced by the American Civil War. Which was fought over the rights of individual states.

• Macdonald wanted the federal government to be stronger than the provincial government to prevent the same thing from happening in Canada.

Page 12: Conferences to Confederation

THE DIVISION OF POWER

FEDERAL

• Anything that affected the whole country

• defence

• immigration,

• international affairs

• postal service

• money

• criminal code

• aboriginal land and people

PROVINCIAL

• The leftovers

• education

• transportation

• hospitals

• licenses

Hammered out by the 72 Resolutions

Page 13: Conferences to Confederation

• A railway connecting Halifax with the St. Lawrence River with plans to expand further.

• Federal government absorbed all the provinces debts (and much of their income too)

THE PROMISES

• The rights of French speaking people were protected. French- Canadians could keep their own province, language, schools, and religion.

• Roman-Catholic and Protestant schools were guaranteed. Both English and French were to be used in central Parliament, Quebec Parliament, and federal courts.

Page 14: Conferences to Confederation

AND FINALLY…Now that the political wheeling and dealing is over, please answer this question on your own and hand it in. Point form is ok.

• Imagine this… what would have happened if Confederation completely failed. What would Canada look like? Would we be French, American, First Nations? What would we be called?