Conducting a Goal Analysis

By: Angel Jones

What is Goal Analysis

The technique used to analyze a goal to identify the sequence of operations and decisions required to achieve it.

Two Fundamental Steps

.

1. To classify the goal statement according to the kind of learning that

will occur2. To identify and sequence the major steps required to

perform the goal.

Educational Goal

Statements that describe the competences, skills and attitudes that students possess upon completion of a course or program.

Ex. Apply properties of operations as strategies to add, subtract, factor, and expand linear expressions with rational numbers.

Educational Objective

Shorter term goals which successful learners will achieve within the scope of the course itself.

Ex. Combine like terms with rational coefficients.

Differences and Similarities Between a Goal and Objective.

• Goals are broader than objectives. Goals are general intentions and are not specific enough to be measured, Objectives are specific statements

• Goals are general while objectives are specific.• Goals are intangible while objectives are tangible.• Both have a certain time frame; however, goals usually have a longer

time frame than objectives. • Goals are abstract and objectives are concrete• Goals are hard to measure and objectives are measureable

Describe the relationships among educational goal, human capabilities, objectives, courses and instruction.

Educational goal is the aim or desired outcome. Human capabilities is the ability to reach the goal and objectivesGoal and objectives both are closely related we use the objective to define the mastery of the concept. Course will be the path of direction we follow to get the instruction for the objective that is defined from the goal.

Robert Gagne has had considerable influence on education and training in corporate and government sectors as well as some influence in public schools. A clear contribution of Gagne was the field of instructional design that seeks to take what is known about human learning and apply it to instruction. He is generally regarded as the "father" of instructional design. He had wide influence on people who follow a systematic approach to designing instruction.Two contributions of Gagne stand out: his ideas about domains of learning and his concept of instructional events. Educators widely agree that we can't teach all content the identical way. We recognize that teaching students how to solve problems or use concepts is different from teaching information. This follows directly from Gagne's domains of learning. Many educators also develop their teaching plans around Gagne's instructional events by starting lessons by gaining the learners' attention, informing them of the objectives and continuing through practice and assessment. This is pure Gagne!Gagne is recognized among educators for his accomplishments and his influences. He holds a lofty status in the field of instructional design. Many, if not most, corporate training programs are based on his work. 

Gagne’s Five Categories of Learning

Verbal InformationStating facts, names, label, or describing, organized bodies of knowledge

Condition1. Provide a meaningful context2. provide opportunity for practice storing and retrieving information in

memory3. stress relationships among content to be learned4. provide additional practice over time

Ex. Naming the three branches of government

Intellectual SkillsProblem solving, discrimination, concepts and principles

Condition1. recall of specific prerequisite intellectual skills

Ex. applying a rule to determine something like calculating the distance it will take a car to stop

Cognitive StrategiesAn internal process by which the learner controls their way of thinking and learning.Condition

1. provide opportunities to work with novel problems2. have students monitor their cognition3. allow students to observe expert problem solvers at work

Ex. Determining how to approach a new learning situation; deciding how to go about learning a long list of items; creating a way to remember the names of several people you just met

Attitude

An internal state which affects and individual’s choice of actions toward some object, person, or event. Condition1. observation of a model who shows the desired choice and is reinforced as a result2. making the desired choice and receiving direct reinforcement as a resultEx: Being open to new ideas by allowing someone to express his suggestion from accomplishing a work task when it differs from your suggestion

Motor Skills

Bodily movements involving muscular activity. Condition1. observation of a model performing skill in a correct manner2. opportunity to practice performing the skill3. receiving feedback on your performance that shows you what to change and how Ex. Holding a pencil or writing your name with a pen

Gagne’ Nine Steps

Summary

When objectively analyzing the condition for learning Gagné says: “Since the purpose of instruction is learning, the central focus for rational derivation of instructional techniques is the human learner. Development of rationally sound instructional procedures must take into account learner characteristics such as initiate capacities, experimental maturity, and current knowledge states. Such factors become parameters of the design of any particular program of instruction