conditions of war trench warfare

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Conditions of Conditions of War: War: Trench Warfare Trench Warfare The Cost of War The Cost of War

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Page 1: Conditions Of War   Trench Warfare

Conditions of Conditions of War:War:

Trench WarfareTrench WarfareThe Cost of WarThe Cost of War

Page 2: Conditions Of War   Trench Warfare

Trench WarfareTrench Warfare Type of fighting in which both sides dig Type of fighting in which both sides dig

trenches and attempt to overrun the trenches and attempt to overrun the enemy’s trenches.enemy’s trenches.

Page 3: Conditions Of War   Trench Warfare

Trench excavation machine, camouflaged

to look like a tree

British fake tree used British fake tree used by snipers and spies.by snipers and spies.

Page 4: Conditions Of War   Trench Warfare

The Periscope

Page 5: Conditions Of War   Trench Warfare

Trench SystemTrench System

Page 6: Conditions Of War   Trench Warfare

TunnelsTunnels

Page 7: Conditions Of War   Trench Warfare

Trench WarfareTrench Warfare The British Knee deep in mud.The British Knee deep in mud. A typical trench was 6-8 ft. deep.A typical trench was 6-8 ft. deep.

Page 8: Conditions Of War   Trench Warfare

TrenchesTrenches French Soldiers French Soldiers

moving a wounded moving a wounded man through a man through a trenchtrench

Page 9: Conditions Of War   Trench Warfare

Barbed Wire- Sketch Barbed Wire- Sketch drawn by Allied Spydrawn by Allied Spy

Page 10: Conditions Of War   Trench Warfare

Water-Logged TrenchesWater-Logged TrenchesOfficers walk through a flooded trench.Officers walk through a flooded trench.

Page 11: Conditions Of War   Trench Warfare

Life in the TrenchesLife in the Trenches Trenches Trenches

became water became water logged when it logged when it rained.rained.

Men who stood Men who stood for hours for hours suffered from suffered from Trench Foot.Trench Foot.

Page 12: Conditions Of War   Trench Warfare

Life in the Life in the TrenchesTrenchesMany men killed in the trenches were buried Many men killed in the trenches were buried

almost where they fell. If a trench subsided, or almost where they fell. If a trench subsided, or new trenches or dugouts were needed, large new trenches or dugouts were needed, large numbers of decomposing bodies would be numbers of decomposing bodies would be found just below the surface. These corpses, found just below the surface. These corpses, as well as the food scraps that littered the as well as the food scraps that littered the trenches, attracted rats. One pair of rats can trenches, attracted rats. One pair of rats can produce 880 offspring in a year and so the produce 880 offspring in a year and so the trenches were soon swarming with them. trenches were soon swarming with them.

Some of these rats grew extremely large. One Some of these rats grew extremely large. One soldier wrote: "The rats were huge. They were soldier wrote: "The rats were huge. They were so big they would eat a wounded man if he so big they would eat a wounded man if he couldn't defend himself." These rats became couldn't defend himself." These rats became very bold and would attempt to take food from very bold and would attempt to take food from the pockets of sleeping men. Two or three the pockets of sleeping men. Two or three rats would always be found on a dead body. rats would always be found on a dead body. They usually went for the eyes first and then They usually went for the eyes first and then they burrowed their way right into the corpse.they burrowed their way right into the corpse.

Page 13: Conditions Of War   Trench Warfare

The top of a trench would consist The top of a trench would consist of sandbags. This would protect of sandbags. This would protect the soldiers from shots.the soldiers from shots.

A typical bullet would penetrate A typical bullet would penetrate 15 inches into the sandbag.15 inches into the sandbag.

Page 14: Conditions Of War   Trench Warfare

German Trench WarfareGerman Trench Warfare This section of This section of

German trench at German trench at the Somme helps the Somme helps explain why the explain why the initial British initial British artillery barrage artillery barrage did little to weaken did little to weaken the Germans. It the Germans. It was much deeper was much deeper than the British than the British trenches.trenches.

Page 15: Conditions Of War   Trench Warfare

New New TechnologiesTechnologies

Page 16: Conditions Of War   Trench Warfare

Submarine WarfareSubmarine Warfare

German German u-boats u-boats fleet of fleet of submarinesubmariness

Page 17: Conditions Of War   Trench Warfare

Cross Section of a Cross Section of a U-BoatU-Boat

1 - Torpedo Tubes1 - Torpedo Tubes

2 - Electric Motor2 - Electric Motor

3 - Main Engine3 - Main Engine

4 - Control Room4 - Control Room

5 - Mine Tubes5 - Mine Tubes

6 - Forward 6 - Forward Torpedo TubesTorpedo Tubes

7 - crew quarters.7 - crew quarters.

Page 18: Conditions Of War   Trench Warfare

TanksTanks

Page 19: Conditions Of War   Trench Warfare

British tank breaking

through barbed-wire

British Mark I tank

Crossing a trench

Page 20: Conditions Of War   Trench Warfare

US armored cars

Russian armored car

Page 21: Conditions Of War   Trench Warfare

Airplanes were extensively used in military actions for the Airplanes were extensively used in military actions for the first time during WWI, and the U.S. preparation for this war first time during WWI, and the U.S. preparation for this war included the manufacture of aircraft and training of fliers. included the manufacture of aircraft and training of fliers.

The Curtiss JN 4-D "Jenny" biplane was the principal The Curtiss JN 4-D "Jenny" biplane was the principal American-made aircraft in World War I, but it was used American-made aircraft in World War I, but it was used

primarily for training.primarily for training.

Page 22: Conditions Of War   Trench Warfare

AirplanesAirplanes

Reconnaissance camera attached to the side of a British plane

Airplane Bombing

Page 23: Conditions Of War   Trench Warfare

British plane dropping torpedo

Central Powers airplane"Shot down in flames"

Page 24: Conditions Of War   Trench Warfare

Chemical WarfareChemical WarfareThe first army issue gas masks were little The first army issue gas masks were little more than gauze bandages with ties. These more than gauze bandages with ties. These would be moistened with water to improve would be moistened with water to improve their effectiveness in filtering out the gas.their effectiveness in filtering out the gas.

Page 25: Conditions Of War   Trench Warfare

Chemical WarfareChemical WarfareThe cannister gas The cannister gas mask was developed mask was developed to protect the soldier to protect the soldier from the use of from the use of chlorine gas and chlorine gas and tearing agents such as tearing agents such as xylyl bromide. This xylyl bromide. This type of mask was not type of mask was not effective in filtering effective in filtering out the more deadly out the more deadly phosgene and phosgene and diphosgene gases.diphosgene gases. There was no mask There was no mask that could offer that could offer protection from the protection from the blistering mustard gas blistering mustard gas which attacks all which attacks all exposed flesh.exposed flesh.

Page 26: Conditions Of War   Trench Warfare

Poison GasPoison GasA German Soldier after a Gas Attack.A German Soldier after a Gas Attack.

Page 27: Conditions Of War   Trench Warfare

Mustard GasMustard Gas

British soldiers blinded by Mustard GasBritish soldiers blinded by Mustard Gas