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Page 1: Conditionals, no problem.pdf
Page 2: Conditionals, no problem.pdf

TheConditionalsIndex

Cómo utilizareste libro 7

Coger el toro por los cuernos 9.............................................................................................

¿Quées un condicional? 11

Future ConditionalExplanation 12

Present Conditional Explanation 13..........................................................................................

Past Conditional Explanation 14...............................................................................................

The Beggar 15

Un pasohacia atrásen el tiempo 18

TheFutureConditional(I) 21

Contractions 39

The Same Verb Twice 41

TwoEdifyingStories 43

- The Rain and its TerribleConsequences 45

- Steve'sHamburgerBinge 46

The PresentConditional(11) 49

Contractions 76

The Same Verb Twice 78.........................................................................................................

Two Edifying Stories ...........................................................................................................

- Vicious Circle!

81

83

84

.......................................................................................................

- Good and Bad Luck ..............................................................................................

A Question of Logic ............................................................................................................

- An Impossible Situation ........................................................................................

85

86

Page 3: Conditionals, no problem.pdf

INDEX

ThePastConditional(11I).. 89

Contractions 107

The SameVerb Twice 109

TwoEdifyingStories 111

- Mozart,theAbsent-mindedServant& the Highwayman 113

- Don'tForgettheSquirrels! 114

A Questionof Logic 115

- Swedesand Strikes 116

TwoVerbs in the SameClause 117

The ZeroConditional(IV) 121

Zero ConditionalExplanation 123

CommonExpressionswith the Zero Conditional 125

Respuestas 127

Respuestaspara The Rain and its TerribleConsequences 129

Respuestas para Steve's Hamburger8inge 130

Respuestas para ViciousCircle! 131

Respuestas para Goodand 8ad Luck 132

Respuestas para ImpossibleSituation 133

Respuestaspara Mozart,the Absent-minded Servant& the Highwayman 134

Respuestaspara Don't Forgetthe Squirrels! 135

Respuestaspara Swedesand Strikes 136

Page 4: Conditionals, no problem.pdf

Future conditional explanation

If it rains tomorrow, 1will stay at home.

Seforma:

If + present wi 11+ basic verb

Especulamoscon una hipótesissobre un futuro específico (ya sea explícito,como en este caso haciendoreferencia a "mañana", o implícito por el contexto) y sus posibles consecuencias.

No se trata de un hecho futuro real puesto que a lo mejor no llegaa ocurrir.

Por supuesto, igualque en castellano, se pueden invertirlas dos partes.

I will stay at home if it rains tomorrow.

wi 11+ basic verb if + present

Lo importantees damos cuenta de lo siguiente:

La cláusula de if siemprees la misma

y no olvidéis la regla de oro que repetiré hasta la saciedad:

Jamás se dice "wi11"después de "if"en una cláusula condicional.

Page 5: Conditionals, no problem.pdf

Presentconditionalexplanation

If I lived in Lisbon, I would speak Portuguese.

Se forma:

If + past would + basic verb

Aquí hacemos una hipótesis sobre el presente o sobre un futuro muy poco probable. No vivo en Lisboa nitengo la más mínima intención o probabilidad de irme a vivir allí.

Dicho de otra forma: estamos creando un presente alternativo que no corresponde a la realidad y lo queharíamos si fuese verdad. Este condicional es el más común puesto que se utiliza para expresar deseos un

poco locos cuando nos quejamos de nuestra situación actual o soñamos...

También se pueden invertir las dos partes.

I wouId speak Portuguese if I Iived in Lisbon.

would + basic verb if + past

De nuevo, lo esencial es:

Lacláusulade if siemprees la misma

La reglade oronovaría:

Jamásse dice "would" despuésde "if"en una cláusulacondicional.

Page 6: Conditionals, no problem.pdf

Past conditional explanation

If I had eaten less at the party, I wouldn't have been ill all night.

Se forma:

If + past perfect would + have + past participle

En esta ocasión estamos creando un pasado alternativo.En realidad comí demasiado y estuve malo toda lanoche. Estoyimaginándome lo que habría pasado si las cosas hubiesen sido diferentes.

En muchas ocasiones utilizamoseste condicionalcuando nos arrepentimos de algo que hemos hecho y queya no se puede deshacer.

Igualque en los condicionalesanteriores, la inversiónes perfectamente aceptable:

I wouldn't have been ill all night if I had eaten less at the party.

would + have + past participle if + past perfect

Reitero:

La cláusulade if siemprees la misma

La regla de oro no varía:

Jamás se dice "would have" despuésde "if" en_una cláusula condicional.

14

~ --

Page 7: Conditionals, no problem.pdf

TheBeggar

Una ilustración para determinar cuándo hay que utilizar cada unode los tres condicionales. Me la enseñóCloverdaley me sigue

pareciendo la más completa.

Imaginémonos que yo tengo por costumbre dar dinero a los mendigos cada vez que veo auno.

Un día voy caminando por la calle y veo a lo lejos a un mendigo.

Automáticamente pienso en darle una moneda, lo que pasa es que no estoy seguro de si lle-vo encima alguna moneda: Como todavía me faltan unos cien metros para llegar a la alturadel mendigo, de momento no miro en mi monedero. Sin embargo, me digo a mí mismo:

USi tengo una moneda, se la daré al mendigo."

Implícitamente, estamos haciendo nuestra hipótesis sobre un futuro específico, puesto que,estando a escasosmetros del mendigo, sabemos que estaremosa su lado en pocos segundos.Este es el condicional de futuro.

***

Ya me encuentro delante del mendigo así que saco mi monedero y veo, para mi disgusto,que no tengo ni una sola moneda. Entonces, le digo al mendigo: "Lo siento pero no tengonada para darte." Y continúo:

USi tuviera una moneda (ahora mismo), te la daría."

La cruda realidad de la situación es que no tengo una moneda. En mi hipótesis, estoycreandounaalternativaa la realidadpresentesobrecómoactuaríasi estafueseverdad.Estees el condicional de presente.

***

Sigo caminando y al doblar la esquina me encuentro con mi buen amigo Paul. Después decharlar un rato, le cuento lo del mendigo y le digo:

USihubiera tenido una moneda, le habría dado una."

Ahora me estoy refiriendo a una situación en el pasado (es decir hace cinco minutos) ypara hacerme sentir mejor, creo un pasado alternativo y le cuento cómo yo habría actua-do si las cosas hubiesen sido diferentes. Me estoy lamentando de algo que no hice o, eneste caso, algo que no pude hacer. Este es el condicional de pasado.

15

............

Page 8: Conditionals, no problem.pdf

]

Ahora lo veremosde forma más visual. Imaginaque la calle es una líneadel tiempo.

Page 9: Conditionals, no problem.pdf

Veámoslode otra forma con un ejemplo idéntico en cada condicional, sin especificarel tiempo paraque quede muy claro cuándo hayque utilizar cada uno de ellos.

If I win the lottery,I will quit my job.

Estose puede decir cuando ya tenemosel cupón en la mano porque nosestamosrefiriendoespecí-ficamente al sorteode este mismo sábado.

If I wonthe lottery,I wouldquit my job.

. Aquí me estoyrefiriendoa cualquier sorteoque tenga lugar hoyo en el futuro o incluso nunca. Igualni siquierajuego a la lotería.No importa.

If I hadwonthe lottery,I wouldhavequit my job!

Ahora estamos hablando de un sorteo que ya ha tenido lugar y en el que, por supuesto, ¡noganéel premio!

Page 10: Conditionals, no problem.pdf

--- --

Un paso hacia atrás en el tiempo

Pastpeñect Past Present Future(3rd conditional) (2ndconditional) (151conditional)

If.8.8.....f

I had hadtime

......If..........f

I had time

...·.. If.........f

I havetime...,

Wouldhave

...,

Would .....

8..,

W¡II

I wouldhavedone I woulddosomeexercise. someexercise.

I will dosomeexercise.

Page 11: Conditionals, no problem.pdf

La tabla de la página anterior muestra la lógica que hay detrás de los condicionaleseninglés.

Siempre hay que dar un paso hacia atrás en el tiempo respectoal tiempo del condicionalque quieresemplear.

Porejemplo,si quieresformularel primercondicional(de futuro) tienesque hacerlasiguientepregunta.¿Cuáles el pasadodel futuro? El presente.Puesel verbo que sigue a la palabra"if" tiene que ir en presentesimple.

Si quieresformar el segundocondicional (de presente)haz la siguiente pregunta:¿Cuálesel pasadodel presente?El pasadosimple. Así que el verbo que sigue a la palabra "if" tie-ne que ir en pasadosimple.

Si quieresformar el tercer condicional (de pasado)pregúntatelo siguiente:¿Cuáles el pa-sado del pasado?El pasadoperfecto. Entoncesel verbo que sigue a la palabra "if" tieneque ir en pasadoperfecto.

Sencillo.

Para la otra cláusula del condicional de futuro utilizamos "will". "Will" es un verbo modal

igual que "can". Técnicamentese trata de un presente.

Para la otra cláusuladel condicionalde presenteutilizamos"would". "Would" es el pasadode "will".

Para la otra cláusula del condicional de pasadoutilizamos"would have". "Would have" esel pasadode "would".

Siempredamos un paso hacia atrás.

Page 12: Conditionals, no problem.pdf
Page 13: Conditionals, no problem.pdf

Empecemos con unos ejemplos básicos: cuidado con las "s" en la tercera personadel sin-gular que siempre señalaré en rojo.

Siempiezas,terminarás. If youstart,youwillfinish.

If youtravel,youwillsee.

If youdrive,youwillarrive.

Siviajas,verás.

Si conduces,llegarás.

Si él juega, ganará.

Si ellos beben,se reirán.

If heplays,hewillwin.

If theydrink,theywilllaugh.

If shelooks,shewillfind.

If youhelp,wewillcook.

If theywork,theywillgettired.

If shestudies,shewillpass.

If heopens,I willgoin.

If I fight, I willwin.

If Ilose, I willcry.

If it rains,I willgo.

If youwant,I willstay.

If hecomes,I willpay.

If hepays,I willcontribute.

If hecontributes,shewillfaint.

If shefaints, I willphone.

If I phone,shewillanswer.

If sheanswers,I willspeak.

If I speak,shewillshout.

If I shout,theywillrun.

Siella busca,encontrará.

Si ayudas,cocinaremos.

Siellostrabajan,secansarán.

Siellaestudia,aprobará.

Siél abre,yoentraré.

Si lucho,ganaré.

Si pierdo,lloraré.

Sillueve,iré.

Si quieres,me quedaré.

Siél viene,yopagaré.

Siél paga,yocontribuiré.

Siél contribuye,ella sedesmayará.

Siella sedesmaya,yollamaré.

Si llamo,ellacontestará.

Siella contesta,yohablaré.

Si hablo,ella gritará.

Si grito,elloscorrerán.

Don'tforgetthe goldenrule:

We NEVEREVERuse "will" atter "it"in a conditionalclause!

\

Page 14: Conditionals, no problem.pdf

Let's try the other way round!

Yocerrarési tú abres. I will close if youopen.

Élestornudarási haceviento. Hewillsneezeif it's windy.

I willgoout if it's sunny.

HewiUski if it snows.

Saldrési hacesol.

Élesquiarási nieva.

Ellaapagarási tú enciendes.

Élarchivarási tú organizas.

Ellosahorraránsi tú pagas.

Shewill switch off if you switch on.

Hewill file if you organize.

Theywill save if you pay.

Shewill manufacture if youtell her to.

Wewill goif she decides.

I will eat if you serve.

Ellafabricarási tú selo dices.

Nosotrosiremossi ella decide.

Yocomerési tú sirves.

. -Don'tforgetthegoldenrule:

We NEVEREVERuse "will" after "if"in a conditionalclause!

..-- .. - ..

Túescucharássi yohablo.

Yopreguntarési tú quieres.

Él financiarási tú lo apoyas.

Youwilllisten if I speak.

I willaskif youlike.

Hewillfinanceif yousupporthim.

Theywillattendif theybelieve.

I willplantif youdigo

Shewillyawnif she'ssleepy.

Ellosasistiránsi creen.

Yoplantarési tú cavas.

Ellabostezarási tienesueño.

Nosotrosimitaremos si es necesario. Wewillimitateif it's necessary.

Hewillmakeaneffortif it's important.

I willwalkif theywant.

Juanwillpaint if shehelpshim.

Hewilltell if heknows.

Él haráunesfuerzosi es importante.

Yoiré a pie si ellos quieren.

Juanpintarási ella leayuda.

Él locontarási losabe.

...

24.

!..

Page 15: Conditionals, no problem.pdf

Let's try mixing them this time:

Don'tforgetthegoldenrule:

We NEVEREVERuse "will" atter "it"in a conditionalclause!

Si ellosaparecen,lloraré. If theyappear,I willcry.

Yopagarési ella elige. I willpayif shechooses.

Si tú compras,yovenderé. If youbuy,I willsell.

Élcorrerási vienetarde. Hewillrunif hecomeslate.

Si ellavende,elloscomprarán. If shesells,theywillbuyo

Elloscruzaránsi el tiempolo permite. Theywillcrossif theweatherpermits.

Si nosotrosleemos,ellosescucharán. If weread,theywilllisten.

Comerési tú cocinas. I willeat if youcook.

Si él insiste,ella aceptará. If heinsists,shewillaccept.

Mecasarési ellaquiere. I willgetmarriedif shewants.

Si mesiento,él seirá. If I sit down,hewillgo.

Participaremossi esgratis. Wewilltakepart if it's free.

Si hacecalor,mebañaré. If it's hot,I willswim.

Reservaránsi llaman. Theywillbookif theycal!.

Si meloexplicas,yoaprenderé. If youexplain,I willlearn.

Nosotrosaplaudiremossi tocas. Wewillapplaudif youplay.

Si aplaudimos,estaráscontento. If weapplaud,youwillbehappy.

Elloscontinuaránsi te comprometes. Theywillcontinueif youcommityourself.

Si esbarato,loconsideraré. If it's cheap,I willconsiderit.

Élvendrási le invitas. Hewillcomeif youinvitehim..t Si elloshablan,yoentenderé. If theyspeak,I willunderstand.

Ellasabrási trabajaallí. Shewillknowif sheworksthere.

, -

Page 16: Conditionals, no problem.pdf

Here are a few negatives,again with basic examples:

Si noes importante,él novendrá. If it's not important,hewon't come.

If youdon'thavea racket,youwon't beableto play.

If thereis nopower,youwon't beabletowatchthe match.

Si notienesraqueta,nopodrásjugar.

Si nohayluz,nopodrásverel partido.

Si no comes,nocrecerás. If youdon'teat,youwon't grow.

If youaren'ttall, youwon't beableto see.

If youcan't see,youwon't beableto enjoyyourself.

If youdon'tenjoyyourself,youwill getbored.

If wearen'tthere,theywon't come.

Si no eresalto, no podrásver.

Si nopuedesver,nopodrásdisfrutar.

Si nodisfrutas,te aburrirás.

Si nosotrosno estamos,ellos no vendrán.

.Don'tforget the golden rule:

We NEVEREVERuse "won't" after "if"in a conditional clause!

Si esdifícil, noentenderás. If it is difficult, youwon't understand.

If wefind thecat,wewill returnit.

If it breaks,wewill buyanotherone.

If youdon'tmind,I won't go.

If youdrinka lot,youwon't feelwell.

If youspendeverything,youwon't beableto eat.

If youdon'teat,youwill getthin.

If youdon'tstudytheconditionals,youwon't beableto usethem.

Si encontramosel gato, lo devolveremos.

Si se rompe,compraremosotro.

Si note importa,no iré.

Si bebesmucho,note sentirásbien.

Si gastastodo,nopodráscomer.

Si no comes,adelgazarás.

Si noestudiaslas condicionales,nopodrásutilizarlas.

Si no estudias los condicionalesno podrás utilizarlos.

¡Que sí! ¡Lo he repetido!

Page 17: Conditionals, no problem.pdf

Once again we'll change it around!

I hope by now you are getting more and more agile!

Élnotrabajarási tú nole pagas.

Ellosnobrindaránsi vienela jefa.

Novolaremossi tú pilotas.

I won'tgoif youdon'tgo.

Hewon'tworkif youdon'tpayhim.

Theywon'ttoast if the bosscomes.

Wewon'tfly if youpilot.

Noiré si tú novas.

Nofirmarési noestáclaro.

Youwon'tspendif youcan't.

I won'tsign if it isn't clear.

Nogastarás si no puedes.

Ellosnote multaránsi eresrápido.

Shewon'tunderstandif youspeakto her.

Theywon'tfineyouif youarequick.

Youwon'tget in if youaredrunk.

Ellanoentenderási lehablas.

Noentrarássi estásborracho.

Él novendrási tú vienes. Hewon'tcomeif you come.

Elzorronoatacarási haygente.

Shewon'tperformif hermothercomes.

Peterwon'tknowif thereareanyproblems.

I won'tgoif it costsa lot.

Thefoxwon'tattackif therearepeopleabout.

Wewon'tshareif shecomes.

Ellanoactuarási vienesu madre.

Peternosabrási hayproblemas.

Noiré si cuestamucho.

Nocompartiremossi ella viene.

ElRealMadridnoganarási juega. RealMadridwon'twin if theyplay.

It won'tworkif it's off.Nofuncionarási estáapagado.

Ellasnocantaránsi llueve. Theywon'tsing if it rains.

Youwon'tvoteif there'san election.Novotarás si hayelecciones.

Ellosnoconduciránsi hayniebla. Theywon'tdriveif it's foggy.

Nocompetirési él corre. I won'tcompeteif heruns.

Youwon'tbehereif hefiresyou.Noestaréis aquí si él os despide.

Don'tforgetthegoldenrule:

We NEVEREVERuse "won't"atter "it"in a conditionalclause!

---

Page 18: Conditionals, no problem.pdf

Let's jumble them up so that you become really agile!

Don'tforget the golden rule:

We NEVEREVERuse "won't" after "if"in a conditional clause!

Noaceptarési nofirmas. I won't acceptif youdon'tsigno

If youdon'tfight, youwon't beableto go.

Theywon't try if youdon'tencouragethem.

If shedoesn'tcall, shewon't come.

Shewon't gooutif sheisn't confident.

If youdon't livethere,youwon't beableto takeparto

Wewon't laughif shefalls.

If thereisn't anycoffee,I won't haveanything.

Thecoursewon't start if therearen'tanystudents.

If thereisn't anyrain,therewon't bea harvest.

Therewon't beanywineif thereisn't a harvest.

If shedoesn'tteachhim,hewon't beableto continue.

I won't forgetif youremindme.

If youdon't remindme,I will forget.

Youwon't like it if theycome.

If heisn't sure,I will do it.

Nobodywill doit if theydon'tdo it.

Si no luchas,nopodrásir.

Ellosnolo intentaránsi no lesanimas.

Siella nollama,novendrá.

Ellanosaldrási notieneconfianza.

Si novivesallí, nopodrásparticipar.

Nosotrosno nos reiremossi ella se cae.

Si nohaycafé,notomarénada.

Elcursonoempezarási nohayalumnos.

Si nohaylluvia,nohabrácosecha.

Nohabrávinosi nohaycosecha.

Siella noleenseñaa él, él nopodráseguir.

Noloolvidarési tú melo recuerdas.

Si no me lo recuerdas,lo olvidaré.

A ti note gustarási ellosvienen.

Siél noestáseguro,lo haréyo.

Nadielo harási ellosnolo hacen.

Si no estudias los condicionales,no podrás utilizarlos.

¡Nodigo nada!

Page 19: Conditionals, no problem.pdf

Let's have a look at the interrogative now, again starting with extremely basic examples.Don't forget your "s" on the third person singular!

Si él viene, ¿vendrás? If he comes,will you come?

If you understand,will youspeak?

If youfind it, willyoutell me?

If we start, will youcontinue?

Sientiendes,¿hablarás?

Si loencuentras,¿melodirás?

Si nosotrosempezamos,¿seguirás?

Siella gana,¿lafelicitarás?

Si hayproblemas,¿mellamarás?

If shewins,willyoucongratulateher?

If thereareanyproblems,willyoucall me?

If youarehungry,willyoueat?

If theyprint ¡t, willyoureadit?

If I breakit, willyourepairit?

If heshouts,willyoubequiet?

Si tienes hambre,¿comerás?

Si ellos lo imprimen, ¿lo leerás?

Si lo rompo,¿lo repararás?

Si él grita,¿tecallarás?

----- -- - ~Don'tforgetthegoldenrule:

We NEVEREVER use "wi11"after "if"in a conditional clause! .~--- -- -- --- - -- - - -- --- . -

Si ellostrabajan,¿elladescansará? If theywork,willsherest?

If I swim,willyoufollow?

If it's boring,willyouleaveit?

If shegetsup,willhesit down?

If thejob is good,willsheacceptit?

If it's bad,willyouthrowit away?

If shewins,willhelose?

Si yo nado,¿seguirás?

Si es aburrido, ¿lodejarás?

Siella se levanta,¿élsesentará?

Si el trabajoesbueno,¿ellalo aceptará?

Si esmalo,¿lotirarás?

Si ella gana, ¿élperderá?

Si nosotrosvolvemos,¿ellosvendrán? If we comeback, will they come?

Si ellajuega,¿ellosjugarán?

SiSoniasalta,¿Mercedessaltará?

If sheplays,willtheyplay?

If Soniajumps,willMercedesjump?

If the machineworks,willyouuseit?Si la máquinafunciona,¿lautilizarás?

- ---

Page 20: Conditionals, no problem.pdf

¿Loharás si puedes?

¿Élcambiará si tú se lo pides?

¿Ellosestarán de acuerdosi yo lo decido?

¿Ellaescaparási tú le ayudas?

¿Nosotrospodremossi él está aquí?

¿Élpodrási hay muchotráfico?

¿Romperásel acuerdosi ella vende?

¿Llegaránsi nieva?

¿Loharássi te lo piden?

¿Seráposiblesi ellacancela?

¿Construiránsi hayespacio?

¿Trabajaránsi noestáel jefe?

¿Ganaránsi él nojuega?

¿Tomarásalgosi te ofrecen?

¿Tendréuntrabajosi la empresacierra?

¿Pintarássi te jubilas?

¿Lobuscarássi lo pierdes?

¿Compraremossi es caro?

¿Estarásinteresadosi subenlos precios?

¿Irássi te invitan?

¿Comerássi sirven carne?

¿Tenegarássi insisten?

¿Toserássi fumas?

* Nose dice: "Areyou agree?"

- --

WiIIyoudoit if youcan?

WiIIhechangeif youaskhimto?

WiIItheyagreeif I decide?iCUIDADO!*

WiIIsheescapeif youhelpher?

WiIIwebeableto if he'shere?

WiIIhebeableto if there'sa lot of traffic?

WiIIyoubreaktheagreementif shesells?

WiIItheygetthereif it snows?

WiIIyoudoit if theyaskyouto?

WiIIit bepossibleif shecancels?

WiIItheybuild if thereis space?

WiIItheyworkif the bossisn't there?

WiIItheywin if hedoesn'tplay?

WiIIyouhavesomethingif theyoffer?

WiIIl havea job if thecompanycloses?

WiIIyoupaintif youretire?

WiIIyoulookfor it ifyouloseit?

WiIIwebuyif it's expensive?

WiIIyoubeinterestedif the pricesgoup?

WiIIyougoif theyinviteyou?

WiIIyoueat if theyservemeat?

WiIIyourefuseif theyinsist?

WiIIyoucoughif yousmoke?

--- - -- -- - -- --- ---Don'tforgetthe goldenrule:

We NEVER EVER use "wi11"atter "it"in a conditionalclause!

- ---r ""'"

II

---- ---

Page 21: Conditionals, no problem.pdf

-Let's mix both in a last attempt to become more linguistically flexible before moving on tosome more complex examples.

I

I

Si como, ¿tendrésed?

¿Practicaránsi les motivas?

If I eat,willl bethirsty?

¿Ellallamarási la despido?

WiIItheypractiseif youmotivatethem?

If shemisbehaves,willtheypunishher?

WiIItheyaccelerateif it's straight?

If wepush,willyoufall?

WiIIshecall if I fire her?

Si ellaseportamal,¿lacastigarán?

¿Ellosaceleraránsi estárecto?

Si nosotrosempujamos,¿tecaerás?

¿Túcortarássi él lava?

If youpull,willthedooropen?

WiIIyoucut if hewashes?

If hecries,willshecry?

WiIIyoubesad if hedoesn'tcome?

Si tiras, ¿seabrirála puerta?

Siél llora,¿ellallorará?

¿Estaréistristessi él noviene?

I--- -- ---

Don'tforgetthe goldenrule:

We NEVER EVER use "wi11"atter "it"in a conditionalclause!

... -- --- --- --- --..---

Si miro, ¿la veré?

¿Podrési me entreno?

If I look,willl seeher?

WiIIl beableto if I train?

Si ellasale,¿saldrástú?

¿Élaprenderási noestudia?

Si Charlotteva, ¿lareconocerás?

If she goesout, will you go out?

WiII he learn if he doesn't study?

If Charlottegoes, willyou recognizeher?

¿Dominaréloscondicionalessi me esfuerzo?

iQue sí! (Dominar = to master)(Esforzarse= to make an effort)

Si te encuentrasconJohn,¿lesaludarás?

¿Ellossabránsi esoocurre?

Si llueve,¿temojarás?

If youmeetJohn,willyougreethim?

WiIItheyknowif that happens?

If it rains,willyougetwet?

¿Utilizarástus gafassi hacesol? WiIIyouuseyoursunglassesif ¡t'ssunny?

If hedoesn'tarrive,willyoulet meknow?Si él no llega,¿meavisarás?

- -----

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A little bit more complicated now:

Si mañanatenemostiempo,loterminaremos.

If wehavetimetomorrow,wewill finish it.("tomorrow"al final de la cláusula)

Yoestudiarémássi tú mepresionas. I will studyharderif youpressureme.

Si pasadomañanallueve,te recogeremos.

If it rainsthedayaftertomorrow,wewillpickyouup.

Él medarápermisosi ella estádeacuerdo. Hewill givemepermissionif sheagrees.

Si ganala Ligael Cádiz,estaréen la gloria.

If Cádizwinsthe league,I will beoverthe moon.

Ellatomarámedidassi el Presidentelasexige.

Shewill takemeasuresif thePresidentdemandsthem.

Si él sabehacerlo,estaré sorprendido. If heknowshowto doit, I will besurprised.

Ellospagaránsi nosotroslesayudamos. Theywill payif wehelpthem.

Si hayunaseleccionesla semanaqueviene,votaré. If thereis anelectionnextweek,I will vote.

Mi tío llegarátardesi mi tía conduce. Myunclewill arrivelate if myauntdrives.

Si suenael teléfono, lo cogeré. If thetelephonerings,I will answerit.

El gobiernoperderávotossi sube los impuestos.

Thegovernmentwilllose votesifit putsuptaxes.

Si cogesvacacionesen julio, yo lascogeréen agosto.

If youtakeholidaysinJuly,I will takethemin August.

El perrote morderási le provocas. Thedogwill biteyouif youprovokeit.

Si le invitas,querráqueinvitesa su novia.

If youinvitehim,hewill wantyouto invitehis girlfriend.

El resultadoseráel mismosi noparticipas. Theresultwill bethesameif youdon'ttakeparto

Si hacesungranesfuerzo,aprobarás. If youmakea bigeffort,youwill pass.

Yovenderétodas mis accionessi suben. I will sellall mysharesif theygoup.

Siella muere,su hijoserárey. If shedies,hersonwill beKing.

33

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Si nosalimostemprano,nollegaremosa tiempo. If wedon't leaveearly,wewon't getthereontime.

Yono terminaré el proyectosi nocontratas a más gente.

I won't finishthe projectif youdon'thiremorepeople.

Si no llueveestemes,nohabráagua. If it doesn'trainthis month,therewill benowater.

Noconstruiréla casasi nolleganlos ladrillosla semanaQueviene.

I won't buildthe houseif thebricksdon'tarrivenextweek.

Si no hacesalgo de ejercicio,no perderásnada de peso.

If youdon'tdoanyexercise,youwon'tloseanyweight.

Ellanote creerási le mientes. Shewon't believeyouif youlie to her.

Si note enterasdela dirección,nopodrásir a la fiesta.

If youdon'tfind outthe address,youwon't beableto goto the party.

Johnnoescribiráel librosi no lepagassegúnel contrato.

Johnwon'twritethebookif youdon'tpayhimaccordingto thecontract.

Si bebesmuchoesta noche,no podrás levantarte mañana.

If youdrinka lot tonight,youwon't beableto getuptomorrow.

Nolo haremosel viernessi él no está. Wewon't doit onFridayif he isn't here.

Si te concentrasentus estudios,nosuspenderáselexamenfinal.

If youconcentrateonyourstudies,youwon't fail thefinal exam.

Nolotomarési estácaducado. I won'teatit if it'spastitssell-bydate.

Si noabresla carta,nosabrásloQuehaydentro.

If youdon'topenthe letter,youwon'tknowwhat'sinside.

Nooperaremossi él empeora. Wewon't operateif hegetsworse.

Si novienesa mi boda,note hablarémás. If youdon'tcometo mywedding,I won't speakto youanymore.

Nose lodarési él nomepagaantes. I won't giveit to himif hedoesn'tpaymefirst.

Si nohayacuerdo,noparticiparé. If thereis noagreement,I won't takeparto

Ellosnote escucharánsi noeresrazonable.

Theywon't listento youif youaren'treasonable.

:34

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Somequestions:

Simañanasiguestosiendo,¿irásal médico?

If youarestill coughingtomorrow,willyougoto thedoctor's?

¿Tequedarásen unapartamentosite vasa la playa?

WiIIyoustayin an apartmentif yougoto the beach?

Si lo mezclascon sodio, ¿explotará? If youmixit with sodium,will it explode?

¿Comprarásotro televisor si vesuno decente?

WiIIyoubuyanothertelevisionif youseea decentone?

Siseponenenhuelgala semanaqueviene,¿teunirása ellos?

If they go on strike nextweek,will youjointhem?

¿Seloexplicarás(a ella)si te pregunta? WiIIyouexplainit to herif sheasksyou?

Site dan las instrucciones,¿podrásmontarlo?

If theygiveyouthe instructions,willyoubeableto put it together?

¿Pagarásen efectivo si puedes? WiIIyoupayin cashif youcan?

Sios invitan,¿oscomportaréis? If they invite you,will you behaveyourselves?

¿Mellamarássi te enterasdealgo? WiIIyoucall meif youfind outanything?

Si no se hacebien, ¿meavisarás? If it's notdonewell,willyoulet meknow?

¿Trabajarásel domingosi te paganel doble?

WiIIyouworkonSundayif theypayyoudoubletime?

Si la economíaespañolacrece,¿serásmás rico?

If the Spanisheconomygrows,will youbericher?

¿Temojarássi salesconla lluvia? WiIIyougetwetif yougoout in the rain?

Si viene demasiadagente, ¿tendrásque cerrar las puertas?

If too many peoplecome,will you havetoclosethe doors?

¿Perderásel autobússi te tomasotracerveza? WiIIyoumissthebusif youhaveanotherbeer?

Si él se equivoca,¿sabrásqué hacer? If heis wrong,willyouknowwhatto do?

¿Teahogarássi caes al agua? WiIIyou~rownif youfall in thewater?

Site lo mandantarde,¿tequejarás? If theysendit to youlate,willyoucomplain?

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Let's mix affirmative, negative and interrogative examples in both inversions.

la profesoraestaráenfadadasi noestudias. Theteacherwill beangryif youdon'tstudy.

Si cogemosmuchospecesmañana,haremosuna barbacoa.

If wecatcha lot of fish tomorrow,wewill havea barbecue.

Eldólarbajarási hayunaguerra. Thedollarwill godownif thereis a war.

Si tienenpisto,¿tomarásun poco? If theyhaveratatouille,will youhavesome?

Ellanohablarási no la preparas. Shewon't speakif youdon'tcoachher.

¿Ellatendráproblemasparaentendersi noledanun intérprete?

WiIIshehaveproblemsunderstandingif theydon'tgiveheran interpreter?

Si novasa la conferencia,¿tendréqueir yo? If youdon'tgoto theconference,willl haveto go?

Nonecesitaréla guíasi él meacompaña. I won't needtheguidebookif hecomeswith me.

Si le preguntoa Sally,¿melo dirá? If I askSally,will shetell me?

Si el carniceronotieneternera,¿compraráscordero?

If the butcherdoesn'thaveanybeef,will youbuysomelamb?

Nosotrosaprovecharemossi podemoslevantamostemprano.

Wewill takeadvantageif wecangetupearly.

¿Irása Dinamarcasi tienestiempo? WiIIyougoto Denmarkif youhavetime?

Teavisaránsi haycualquiercambio. Theywilllet youknowif there'sanychange.

¿Meavisarás si no hayvuelos? WiIIyoulet meknowif therearenoflights?

Si no se resuelvela situación, no procederé. If thesituationisn't resolved,I won't proceed.

Nosotrosrespetaremoslas condicionessi ella no da marchaatrás.

Wewill respecttheconditionsif shedoesn'tpull out.

¿Serásresponsablede muchaspersonassi aceptasel nuevopuesto?

WiIIyoubein chargeof a lotof peopleif youacceptthe newposition?

36

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Podré,podrás,etc.= W¡II be ableto

No existe" will can". No existe" will can". No existe" will can".

Sime levantotemprano, podréver el eclipse. If I getupearly,I willbeableto seetheeclipse.

Si vienentodos, no podremosver. If theyall come,wewon'tbeableto see.

Si no me lo dices, no podréayudarte. If youdon'ttell me,I won'tbeableto helpyou.

Si apruebastu examen,podrásir a Ibiza. If you passyourexam,you will be able to go to Ibiza.

Si llamasa primerahora,podráshablarconél.

If youphonefirst thing in themorning,youwillbeableto speakto him.

Si inviertesconcabeza,podrásprejubilarte. If youinvestwisely,youwillbeableto retireearly.

Si vendestu coche,podrásvenir con nosotros. If you seUyour car,youwill be able to comewith uso

Si te equivocas,no podráscorregirlo. If youmakea mistake,youwon'tbeableto correctit.

Si lo posponemoshasta el viernes,Juanpodrávenir con nosotros.

If wepostponeit until Friday,Juanwillbeabletocomewith uso

Si Francianosgana,nopodremosclasificamosparael Mundial.

If Francebeatsus,wewon'tbeableto qualifyfor theWorldCupo

Si te acuestastarde,nopodráslevantartemañana.

If yougoto bedlate,youwon'tbeableto getuptomorrow.

Si nomepagas,nopodrépagarmi hipoteca. If youdon'tpayme,I won'tbeableto paymymortgage.

Si mehablanenchino,nopodréentenderles. If theyspeakto mein Chinese,I won'tbeableto understandthem.

Si la impresoranofunciona,nopodréimprimir. If the printerdoesn'twork,I won'tbeableto print.

---- -- . - -- - - - - -- -- . - . - - - -- - - - -- - -- ~Don'tforgetthe goldenrule:

We NEVEREVERuse "will" afterin a conditionalclause!- --- --- --

"if" III

I,

"'t -- I.. J

Page 27: Conditionals, no problem.pdf

Let's try a few questions with "will be able to" now.

Si salesdela oficinaa tu horanormal,¿podráscogerel expreso?

Si secancelala reunión,¿podrásir alpartidodetu hijo?

1Iyouleavetheofficeat the normaltime,willyoubeableto catchtheexpresstrain?

1Iyourmeetingis cancelled,willyoubeableto goto yourson'smatch?

Si traigomi cochela semanaQueviene,¿podrásmirarlo?

1II bringmycarnextweek,willyoubeableto lookat it?

Si te pregunto,¿podrásexplicármelo? 1II askyou,willyoubeableto explainit to me?

1Ihesendshisapplicationformtomorrow,willhebeableto takepart?

1II bringmyfive-yearold son,willhebeableto understand?

Si él envíasu solicitudmañana,¿podráparticipar?

Si traigoa mi hijodecincoaños,¿podráentender?

Si comprouna radio potente,¿podrésintonizar la radio inglesa?

1II buya powerfulradio,willl beableto getEnglishradiostations?

-- - -- - - -- -- - - -Don'tforgetthe goldenrule:

We NEVEREVERuse "will" atter "it"in a conditionalclause!

- - -- - ---

Si estudio las condicionalestodos los días, ¿podréutilizarlas correctamente?

1II studytheconditionalseveryday,willl beableto usethemcorrectly?

1Imyparentsgoto theSistineChapel,willtheybeableto takephotosinside?

1Iyoulookat the instructions,willyoubeableto assemblethewardrobe?

Si mispadresvana la CapillaSixtina,¿podránsacarunasfotosdel interior?

Si miraslas instrucciones,¿podrásmontarel armario?

Si sete acabael dineroenPerú,¿podrásIIamarme? 1Iyou run out of moneyin Peru,willyoube able to phoneme?

1Iwe get lost in the maze,will we beable to find our way out?

Si nos perdemosen el laberinto, ¿podremosencontrar la salida?

Si llueveconfuerza,¿podránjugar?

Si decidesdejardefumar,¿podrásresistirlatentación?

1Iit rainsheavily,willtheybeableto play?

If youdecideto giveupsmoking,willyoubeableto resistthe temptation?

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- ~

ContractionsAhoraque estás bastanteágilcon la estructura,vamosa concentramosen la formacontraídadel futuro. Así sonarán la mayoría de los condicionales que oirás en boca de un anglopar-lante. Técnicamente solo se puede contraer el auxiliar "will" después de un pronombre su-jeto. Sin embargo, hablando se hace muchísimo con cualquier sujeto.

'11 después de una vocal se pronuncia "yal", con la "a" "o-izada".¡Vayaneologismo!

'11 después de una consonante se pronuncia "al", con la "a" "o-izada".

Practica leyendo la siguiente lista:*Ningunodeestosejemplossepuedeutilizarcuandoescribimos;lascontraccionessoloseusancuandohablamos.

They'lIrun if weattackthem.

He'lIgratethecheeseif youcut the tomatoes.

*England'lIbeatSpainif it's cold.

*Saturday'lIbea harddayif wepartyonFriday.

We'lIbuysomemorebeersif theyturn up.

She'lIbefuriousif youdon'tcall her.

1'11wearmyscarfif it's coldthis weekend.

1'lIlight thefire if thestormlastsa longtime.

We'lIhavea barbecueif wecatcha lot of fish tomorrow.

*Thefarmer'lIbeangryif it doesn'train.

*Mycar'lI needa serviceif I driveto Germanyandback.

You'lIhaveto answerthetelephoneif it rings.

He'lIneeda restif heworksall nextweek.

*Thebook'lIbepublishedif theeditoragrees.

*Theshop'lIbeopenif yougobefore8:00p.m.

You'lIneverunderstandif youdon'tpayattention.

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"_.-:..-

*lt'lI betoo lateif hecomesonSaturday.

*Thetrain'lI belateif it snows.

*Thepark'lIbepackedif there'sa concert.

*Theboat'lIsinkif youoverloadit.

*lt'lI breakif youjumponit.

She'lIlie if youaskher.

We'lIchargeyouextraif youusethe mini-bar.

*Theboss'lIgomadif hefindsout.

1'11throwit awayif youdon't like it.

We'lImakeanotheroneif it doesn'twork.

*Thealarm'lIgooff if someoneenters.

She'lItakeyourpictureif youaskher.

*Madrid'lIbecleanerif theyhiremorestreet-sweepers.

*Thejob'lI beeasierif everyonehelps.

*Patrick'lIwin if Johndoesn'tstart playingbetter.

*Thecoffee'lIgocoldif youdon't drinkit.

*Therain'lI stopif thesuncomesout.

Ahora, repasatodas las páginasdedicadasal primer condicional e intenta leerlas utilizandolas contracciones.

i l' : '-1,

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TheSameVerbTwice

Si te puedoayudar,lo haré.

We express this in English as follows:

1I I can help you, I will.

Let'stry a few more:

Si puedoir, iré. If I cango,Iwill.

If I cancall,Iwill.

If I canbethere,Iwill.

If I canbuyit, Iwill.

If I cansell¡t, Iwill.

If hecandoit, hewill.

Si puedollamar,llamaré.

Si puedoestar, estaré.

Si lo puedocomprar,lo compraré.

Si lo puedovender,lo venderé

Siél puedehacerlo,lo hará.

Si él puedevenir, vendrá. If hecancome,hewill.

If shecangoout,shewill.

If shecanbreakit, shewill.

Si ella puedesalir,saldrá.

Si ella puederomperlo,lo romperá.

And now the other way around:

Irési puedo. I will goif I can.

Loharési puedo. I will do it if I can.

Llamarési puedo. I will call if I can.

Estarési puedo. I will bethereif I can.

Locomprarési puedo. I will buyit if I can.

Lovenderési puedo. I will sell it if I can.

Él loharási puede. Hewill do it if hecan.

Élvendrási puede. Hewill comeif hecan.

Ellasaldrási puede. Shewill goout if shecan.,

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.t'j

-1 ·rI

l.....

Here we go then!

Si puedo,iré.

Si puedo,llamaré.

Si puedo,estaré.

Si puedo,lo compraré.

Si puedo,lo venderé.

Si él puede,lo hará.

Si él puede,vendrá.

Si ella puede,saldrá.

Si ella puede,lo romperá.

OR.. .

Si puedo, te ayudaré.

We express this in English as follows:

If I can, I will help you.

If lean, I wiIJgo.

If lean,I willcall.

If lean,I willbethere.

If lean, I wiIJbuyit.

If lean,I wiIJsellit.

If hecan,hewiIJdoit.

If hecan,hewill come.

If shecan,shewiIJgoout.

If shecan,shewiIJbreakit.

Don'tforget to try nowwith the contractedform of will.....

-'"'

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TwoEdifyingStories

A continuación, encontrarásdos cuentos escritos a base de preguntas con condicionalesde futuro.

La idea es respondersiempre afirmativamente y contestar usando la formamás completa. Aunque las respuestasno resulten muy naturales, es una manera muy

eficaz para trabajar esta estructura.

Por ejemplo, si la pregunta es:

If he eats another hamburger, wil/ he be il/?

La respuestaque buscamossería:

Yes, if he eats another hamburger he wil/ be il/.

Las respuestasa estas historias están al final del libro.

Page 33: Conditionals, no problem.pdf

,

i,I

II

. t

¡

II

,

The RainanditsTerribleConsequences11it rainstomorrow,willyoustayat home?

11youstayat home,willyourbossbeangry?

11yourbossis angry,willhetire youwhenyougobackto work?

11hetiresyou,willyouhavetroublepayingyourmortgage?

11youhavetroublepayingyourmortgage,willyouloseyourhouse?

11youloseyourhouse,willyoubetorcedto sleepundera bridge?

11youaretorcedto sleepundera bridge,willyougetcoldat night?

11yougetcoldat night,willyoustart drinkinggin to keepwarm?

11youstart drinkinggin everynight,willyoubecomean alcoholic?

11youbecomeanalcoholic,willyoustealin orderto buymoredrink?

11yousteal,willyoubearrested?

11youarearresteddrunk,willyougocrazy?

11yougocrazy,willyoukill the policemanwhoarrestsyou?

11youkill the policemanwhoarrestsyou,willyoubesummonedto court?

11youaresummonedto court,willyoubetried?

11youaretried,willyoubesentenced?

11youaresentenced,willyougoto prison?

11yougoto prison,willyougetdepressed?

11yougetdepressed,willyouteellike endingit all?

11youteellike endingit all, willyoucommitsuicide?

11youcommitsuicide,willyoubeunableto goto Heaven?

11youcannotgoto Heaven,willyougoto Hell?

11yougoto Hell,willyousuffertormentstor all eternity?

11youhaveto suffertormentstor all eternity,willyougoto workthe nexttime it rains?

Moral01thestory:Don'tstayat homethe nexttime it rains!

45

Page 34: Conditionals, no problem.pdf

Stev.e'sHamburgerBinge

1IStevehasthedayoff onSaturday,willhefeelgood?

1Ihefeelsgood,willhedecideto treat himself?

1Ihedecidesto treat himself,willhegoto a burgerjoint?

1Ihegoesto a burgerjoint,willhehavea hamburger?

1Ihehasonehamburger,willhehaveanotherone?

1Ihehastwohamburgers,willhehavefive more?

1Ihestuffs himselfwith sevenhamburgers,willhestart to feelfunny?

1Ihestartsto feelfunny,willhebeviolentlysick?

1Iheis violentlysick,willhecollapse?

1Ihecollapses,willeveryonein the burgerjoint scream?

1Ieveryonein the burgerjoint screams,willan employeerunto seewhat is happening?

1Ianemployeerunsto seewhat is happening,willshetry to helpSteve?

1Ishetries to helpSteve,willsherealisehowbadheis?

1Isherealiseshowbadhe¡s,willshecall an ambulance?

1Ishecallsanambulanceona Saturdaynight,will it take longto arrive?

1Itheambulancetakeslongto arrive,willSteve'sconditiongetworse?

1ISteve'sconditiongetsworse,willhehavea heartattack?

1Ihehasa heartattack,willhehavea bypassoperation?

1Ihehasa bypassoperation,willhebein hospitalforthreemonths?

1Iheis in hospitalfor threemonths,willhemisshis girlfriend'snephew'schristening?

1Ihemisseshisgirlfriend'snephew'schristening,willshemeetsomeoneelse?

1Ishemeetssomeoneelse,willStevegetdepressed?

1IStevegetsdepressed,willhestarteatingcompulsivelyto makehimselffeelbetter?

1Ihestartseatingcompulsivelyto makehimselffeelbetter,willhehaveanotherheartattack?

1Ihehasanother.heartattack,willhedie?

Moral01thestory:Don'teat toomanyhamburgers!

Page 35: Conditionals, no problem.pdf
Page 36: Conditionals, no problem.pdf

In the present conditiona1,the verb TO BE is an exception:

If + were for gil persons

If I were

If you were

If he were

If she were

If it were

If we were

If they were

Page 37: Conditionals, no problem.pdf

Let's get started! In order to get used to this, we'lI start by focusing on the "if"clause.

Siyofueraalto, 1II weretall,

Siyofueraimportante, 1II wereimportant,

Siyofuerapequeño, 1II weresmall,

Siyofueraviejo, 1II wereold,

Siyofuerainteligente, 1II wereintelligent,

Siyofuerajoven, 1II wereyoung,

Siyofueragordo, 1II werefat,

Siyofueradelgado, 1II werethin,

Siyofuerainteresante, 1II wereinteresting,

Siyofueradivertido, 1II werefunny,

Siyofuerarico, 1II wererich,

Siyofuerapobre, 1II werepoor,

Siyofuerafrancés, 1II wereFrench,

Siyofueratailandés, 1II wereThai,

Siyofueralisto, 1II weresmart,

Siyofuerafeo, 1II wereugly,

Siyofueraguapo, 1II werehandsome,

Siyofueraabiertodemente, 1II wereopen-minded,

Siyofuerarápido, 1II werequick,

Siyofueralento, 1II wereslow,

Siyofueraentrenador, 1II werea coach,

Siyofuerael encargado, 1II werein charge,

Si fueraposible, 1Iitwerepossible,

....

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..

Siyoestuvieraallí, 1II werethere,

Siyoestuvieracansado, 1II weretired,

Siyoestuvieralisto, 1II wereready,

Siyoestuvieraaburrido, 1II werebored,

Siyoestuvieraharto, 1II werefedup,

Siyoestuvierapreparado, It I wereprepared,

Siyoestuvieraenfadado, 1II wereangry,

Siyoestuvieratriste, 1II weresad,

Siyoestuvierafeliz, 1II werehappy,

Siyoestuvieradespistado, 1II wereabsent-minded,

SiyoestuvieraenItalia, 1II werein Italy,

Siyoestuvieraganando, 1II werewinning,

Siyoestuvieraperdiendo, 1II werelosing,

Siyoestuvierabuscando, 1II werelooking,

Siyoestuvieraescribiendo, 1II werewriting,

Siyoestuvierahablando, 1II werespeaking,

Siyoestuvierafingiendo, 1II werepretending,

Siyoestuvieramintiendo, 1II wereIying,

Siyoestuvierajugando, 1II wereplaying,

Siyoestuvieradevacaciones, 1II wereonholiday,

Siyoestuvieraconduciendo, 1II weredriving,

Siyotuvierarazón, 1II wereright,

Siyoestuvieraequivocado, 1II werewrong,

Siyotuvieratu edad, 1II wereyourage,

Yoquetú, 1IIwereyou,

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. Sifueseinteresante, 11it were interesting,

Si él fuese suyo,(deella) 11hewere hers,

Si ella fuese mía, 11she were mine,

Si Johnfuese sensato, 11Johnwere sensible,

Si ella fuese fea, 11she were ugly,

Si él fuese realista, 11hewere realistic,

Si ella tuviese hambre, 11she were hungry,

Si él tuviese razón, 11hewere right,

Si ella tuviese sed, If she were thirsty,

Si él estuvieseequivocado, 11hewerewrong,

Si fuese más duro, 11it were harder,

Si fuese más fácil, 11it wereeasier,

Si fuese más emocionante, 11it were moreexciting,

Si fuese más amargo, 11it were morebitter,

Si fuese más dulce, 11it weresweeter,

Si fuese comestible, 11it wereedible,

Si estuviesemás cerca, 11it werecloser,

Si estuviesemás lejos, 11it were further,

Si ella fuera presidenta, 11she were president,

Si él fuese futbolista, 11hewere a footbalIer,

Si ella fuese adulta, 11she were an adult,

Si él fuese creíble, 11hewere credible,

Si fuese normal, 11it were normal,

Si él estuvieseaquí, 11hewere here,

Si ella estuviera preparada, 11she were prepared,

Si ella estuviera bromeando, 11shewerejoking,

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Si él estuviera haciéndolo, If heweredoingit,

Siellaestuvierapensando, If shewerethinking,

Siél estuvieratrabajando, If hewereworking,

Si estuviera lloviendo, If it wereraining,

Siél estuvieramejorando, If hewereimproving,

Siellafuesereina, If she were Queen,

Si él fuese responsable, If he were responsible,

Si Españafuesemásgrande, If Spainwerebigger,

Si la empresaestuviesevendiendo, If thecompanywereselling,

Si micochefueseun Ferrari, If mycarwerea Ferrari,

Si el libro fuera menosgordo, If the bookwerenotsothick,

Si sehicieraasí, If it weredonelikethat,

Si sefabricaraaquí, If it weremanufacturedhere,

Si se escribieraasí, If it werewrittenlikethat,

Si estuviesecerradoahora, If it wereclosednow,

Si se pintase de blanco, If it werepaintedwhite,

Si se construyesede ladrillo, If it werebuiltofbrick,

Sisemantuvieselimpio, If it werekeptclean,

Sisedierala claseen inglés, If theclassweregivenin English,

Si él estuviesecasado, If heweremarried,

Siellaestuviesesoltera, If sheweresingle,

Si él fuese menostorpe, If hewerelessclumsy,

Si hiciese menoscalor, If it werelesshot,

Si hiciesemenosfrío, If it werelesscold,

Si hubiera recursos, If therewereresources,

Si hubieramás, If thereweremore,

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Si hubieragente, 1Ithere were somepeoplehere,

Si hubiera nieve, 1Ithereweresnow,

Si hubierala posibilidad, 1Itherewerea possibility,

Si hubieraalgo, 1Ithereweresomething,

Si hubieraunteléfono, 1Itherewerea phone,

Si hubieraguerra, 1Itherewerea war,

Si hubiera paz, 1Ithere were peace,

Si hubierajusticia, 1Itherewereanyjustice,

Si hubierauntren mástemprano, 1Itherewerean earliertrain,

Si hubieracinco, 1Itherewerefive,

Si hubierainterés, 1Itherewereanyinterest,

Si hubieralibros, 1Ithere were any books,

Si hubieraunacerveza, 1Ithere were a beer,

Si hubieraun rival directo, 1Itherewerea directrival,

Si hubierademanda, 1Itherewerea demand,

Si hubierademasiado, 1Ithereweretoomuch,

Si hubierademasiadagente, 1Ithere were too manypeople,

Si hubiera menos, 1Itherewereless,

Si hubiera el doble, 1Ithereweretwiceasmany,

Si hubieracomida, 1Itherewereanyfood,

Si hubierauncomprador, 1Itherewerea buyer,

Si hubiera apoyo, 1Itherewereanysupport,

Si hubieraunapantallamásancha, 1Itherewerea widerscreen,

Si hubiera menosproblemas, 1Itherewerefewerproblems,

Si hubieraunmodelomáspotente, 1Itherewerea morepowerfulmodel,

Si hubieraun servicionormal, 1Itherewerea normalservice,

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Si hubierasillas, If therewereanychairs,

Si hubierapresupuesto, If therewerea budget,

Si hubieratiempo, If thereweretime,

Si hubierapapel, If therewereanypaper,

Si hubierauntaxi, If therewerea taxi,

Nohayazúcar,pero...Sihubiera, If thereweresome,

Nohayzanahorias,pero...Sihubiera, If thereweresome,

Nohaygenteinteresada,pero...Sihubiera, If thereweresome,

Nohayunasolución,pero...Sihubiera, If therewereone,

Nohayunavióndirecto,pero...Sihubiera, If therewereone,

Nohayunarevistasobrehormigas,pero...Sihubiera, If therewereone

Nohayunperro,pero...Sihubiera, If therewereone,

Nohaycafé,pero...Sihubiera, If thereweresome,

NohaymuchQtráfico,pero...Sihubiera, If therewerea lot,

Nohayconsumidores,pero...Sihubiera, If thereweresome,

Nohaypantalonesquemevalgan,pero...Sihubierademitalla, If thereweresomein mysize,

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Now, in the negative. Of course you are welcome to modify the previous three pagesif you would like more practice.

Si él no fuera rico, 11he weren't rich,

Si yo no fuera inglés, 11I weren't English,

Si yo no fuera alto, 11I weren't tall,

Si ella no fuera tan inteligente, 11she weren't so intelligent,

Si él no fuera tan gordo, 11he weren't so fat,

Si ella no estuviera tan en forma, 11she weren't so fit,

Si ella no estuviera saliendo con él, 11she weren't going out with him,

Si él no estuviera enamorado de ella, 11he weren't in love with her,

Si ellos no estuvieran hablando tan fuerte, 11they weren't talking so loudly,

Si no hubiera financiación, 11there weren't any financing,

Si no hubiera guerra, 11 there weren'ta war on,

Si no hubiera una selección tan grande, 11 there weren'tsuch a big choice,

Si yo no estuviese cansado, 11I weren't tired,

Si él no estuviese tan harto, 11he weren't so fed up,

Si no hubiera tantos endeudados, 11there weren't so many debtors,

Si no hubiera tantos aficionados, 11there weren't so many fans,

Si él no estuviese fingiendo, 11he weren't pretending,

Si no fuera tan importante, 11it weren't so important,

Si no fuera de verdad, 11it weren't true,

Si no fuera por mí, 11it weren't for me,

Si yo no fuera tan generoso, 11I weren't so generous,

Si ella no estuviera aquí, 11she weren't here,

Si ellos no estuviesen tan empeñados, 11they weren't so decided,

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Si él nofueratan terco, If heweren'tsostubborn,

Si nohubieratantopapeleo, II thereweren'tsomuchpaperwork,

Si nohubieratantohumo, II thereweren'tsomuchsmoke,

Siyonotuvieratanta hambre, II I weren'tsohungry,

Siyonotuviera50años, II I weren'tfifty yearsold,

Siyonofueratan débil, II I weren'tsoweak,

Si ella nofueratan guapa, II sheweren'tsobeautiful,

Siyonoestuvierarecibiendoterapia, III weren'treceivingtherapy,

Si nohubieradificultades, II thereweren'tanydifficulties,

Si él nofueratan tonto, II heweren'tsosilly,

(Hablandodeobras)Sinohubiera, II thereweren'tany,

(Hablandodequehaydemasiadagente)Sinohubieratanta, II thereweren'tsomany,

(Hablandodequehaydemasiadoscoches)Sinohubieratantos, II thereweren'tsomany,

(Hablandodenormas)Sinohubieratantas, II thereweren'tsomany,

(Hablandodecomida)Sinohubiera, II thereweren'tany,

(Hablandodequehaydemasiadasal)Sinohubieratantasal, II thereweren'tsomuchsalt,

Si noestuviesetan salado, II it weren'tsosalty,

(Hablandodequehaydemasiadosedificios)Sinohubieratantos, II thereweren'tsomany,

(Hablandodequehaydemasiadosparados)Sinohubieratantos, II thereweren'tsomany,

Siyonotuvieratantosueño, III weren'tsotired,

Si él nofuesetan mandón, II heweren'tso bossy,

Si ella noestuvieseayudándome, II sheweren'thelpingme,

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Let's try the complete form of the present conditional now with different verbs.We shall start nice and easy.

Siviajaras,verías. 11youtravelled,youwouldsee.

11youstarted,youwouldfinish.

11I could,I wouldgo.

11heplayed,hewouldwin.

11shewon,I wouldshout.

Siempezaras,terminarías.

Siyopudiera,iría.

Si él jugara,ganaría.

Siella ganara,yogritaría.

Siellosbebieran,sereirían. 11theydrank,theywouldlaugh.

11I walked,I wouldfall.

11shelooked,shewouldfind.

11youhelpedme,I wouldfinish.

11theysmoked,theywouldcough.

11late, I wouldgetfat.

11I wentout, I wouldgetwet.

Si anduviera,mecaería.

Siella buscara,encontraría.

Si meayudaras,terminaría.

Si fumaran,toserían.

Si yo comiera,engordaría.

Siyosaliera,memojaría.

Si fabricáramos,exportaríamos. If wemanufactured,wewouldexporto

11I opened,hewouldclose.

If shestudied,shewouldpass.

11therewere,it wouldbreak.

11shewanted,I wouldstay.

11shesang,shewouldbesuccessful.

11hewashed,hewouldsmellnice.

11hesold,hewouldtravel.

11heread,hewouldlearn.

11heworkedmore,hewouldstandout.

Siyoabriera,él cerraría.

Siella estudiara,aprobaría.

Si hubiera,serompería.

Si ella quisiera,yomequedaría.

Si ellacantara,tendríaéxito.

Siél selavara,oleríabien.

Siél vendiera,viajaría.

Si él leyera,aprendería.

Si él trabajara más, destacaría.

~-I'm sure you haven'tforgottenthe goldenrule, but just in case, here it is:

lWe NEVER EVER use "would" atter "it"

in a conditional clause!

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Now we'lI try the inversion:

Yocompraríasi ellos vendieran. I wouldbuyif theysold.

I wouldgoif theytookme.

I wouldbuild if I could.

Yoiríasi ellosmellevaran.

Yoconstruiríasi pudiera.

Él beberíasi le ofrecieras.

Iríamossi supiéramos.

Hewoulddrinkif youoffered.

Shewouldjump if youforcedher.

Shewouldtry if youlivedhere.

Wewouldgoif weknewhowto.

I wouldteachif I knewhowto.

Ellasaltaríasi la obligaras.

Ella lo intentaríasi vivierasaquí.

Yoenseñaríasi supiera.

Élcocinaríasi supiera. Hewouldcookif heknewhowto.

Ellaexplicaríasi supiera. Shewouldexplainif sheknewhowto.

Wewoulddoit if weknewhowto.Loharíamossi supiéramos.

Lomontaríansi supierancómo. Theywouldput it togetherif theyknewhowto.

Don'tforget the golden rule:

We NEVEREVERuse "would" after "it"in a conditional clause!

Yoleeríasi entendiera. I wouldreadif I understood.

Yolo corregiríasi melo pidieras. I wouldcorrectit if youaskedmeto.

I wouldgoif youwanted.

I wouldgiveit to youif youlikedit.

I wouldkill if Ilost.

Yoiríasi tú quisieras.

Yote lo regalaríasi te gustara.

Yomataríasi perdiera.

Yolo buscaríasi lo perdiera.

Yoperderíasi jugara.

Yodisfrutaríasi saliera.

I wouldlookfor it if Ilost it.

Ocurriríasi lohicieras.

I wouldloseif I played.

I wouldenjoyit if I wentout.

It wouldhappenif youdid it.

I wouldbeableto seeit if I stoodup.Yolopodríaversi melevantara.

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And now for some mixed examples:

Oon't forget the golden rule:

We NEVEREVERuse "would" atter "it"in a conditional clause!

- - - - -

Si loguardaras,yolo utilizaría.

Ellosenseñaríansi supieran.

If youkeptit, I woulduseit.

Theywouldteachif theyknewhowto.

If late, I wouldbethirsty.

I wouldpayif I could.

If youdid it, theywouldfireyou.

I wouldanswerif theyaskedme.

If youstarted,I wouldgetangry.

Hewouldattendif hehadtime.

Si yo comiera,tendría sed.

Yopagaríasi pudiera.

Si lohicieras,te despedirían.

Yocontestaríasi mepreguntaran.

Si empezaras,meenfadaría.

Élasistiríasi tuvieratiempo.

Siyopudiera,locambiaría.

Ellosfumaríansi les.dejaras.

Si llamaras,losabrías.

Engordaríassi lo comieras.

If Icould,I wouldchangeit.

Theywouldsmokeif youlet them.

If youcalled,youwouldknow.

It wouldgetcomplicatedif youtookparto

If youspoke,theywouldlistento you.

Youwouldgetfat if youate it.

If hetried,hewouldfail.

Secomplicaríasi tú participaras.

Si hablaras,te escucharían.

Si él lo intentara,fracasaría.

Memolestaríasi lo hicieses. It wouldannoymeif youdid it.

If youchecked,youwouldrealize.

I wouldstayif youaskedmeto.

Wewouldlaughif shefell.

Theywouldhelpif theyhada caro

If hewere sure,hewoulddoit.

I wouldpickit up if youaskedmeto.

Si locomprobases,te daríascuenta.

Mequedaríasi melo pidieras..

Nosreiríamossi ella se cayese.

Ayudaríansi tuvierancoche.

Si él estuvieraseguro,lo haría.

Yo lo recogeríasi me lo pidieras.

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A quick look at the negativenow:

Si no gritaras, no me asustarías. If you didn't shout, you wouldn't scare me.

If you didn't invite me, I wouldn't go.Si no me invitaras, no iría.

Si no parara el autobús, yo no bajaría. If the bus didn't stop, I wouldn't get off.

Si no lo dieras, yo no lo aceptaría. If you didn't give it, I wouldn't accept it.

If he didn't say,youwouldn't know.

If he didn't know,hewouldn't get tired.

If he didn't eat, hewould die.

If hewere dead, hewouldn't breathe.

If he didn't steal, hewouldn't survive.

Si él no lo dijese, no lo sabrías.

Si no lo supiera, no se cansaría.

Si él no comiera, moriría.

Si él estuviera muerto, no respiraría.

Si él no robara, no sobreviviría.

Si no lloviera, no habría agua. If it didn't rain, therewouldn't be anywater.

If he didn't know,hewouldn't be here.

If they couldn't, theywouldn't let us know.

If I didn't know,I wouldn't shut up.

If he looked,hewouldn't crash.

If they didn't drive, I wouldn't drive.

If she didn't lie, shewouldn't haveany problems.

If you changed,I wouldn't leaveyou.

If youtaught, youwouldn't sleep.

If you didn't get angry,youwouldn't argue.

If I didn't need¡t, I wouldn't ask youfor it.

If you didn't pray,it wouldn't rain.

Si él no lo supiera, no estaría aquí.

Si ellos no pudieran, no nos avisarían.

Si yo no lo supiera, no me callaría.

Si él mirara, no colisionaría.

Si ellos no condujeran, yo no conduciría.

Si ella no mintiera, no tendría problemas.

Si cambiaras, yo no te dejaría.

Si enseñaras, no dormirías.

Si no te enfadaras, no discutirías.

Si yo no lo necesitara, no te lo pediría.

Si no rezaras, no llovería.

----- ..

Don't forget the golden rule:-- ---

We NEVEREVERuse "would" after "if"in a conditional clause!

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Now, of course, the other way around.

Yonolo romperíasi tú meayudaras. I wouldn'tbreakit if youhelpedme.

Yonoloenviaríasi nohubierasobres. I wouldn'tsendit if therewerenoenvelopes.

Yonomesentiríararosi tú noestuviesesaquí. I wouldn'tfeelfunnyif youweren'there.

Él noganaríasi noseentrenara. Hewouldn'twinif hedidn'ttrain.

Yonomelavaríasi notuvieraagua. I wouldn'twashif I didn't haveanywater.

Ellanosecomportaríasi nola disciplinaras. Shewouldn'tbehaveif youdidn't disciplineher.

Notendríamoséxitosi nopensáramos. Wewouldn'tbesuccessfulif wedidn't think.

Don'tforget the golden rule:

We NEVEREVERuse "would" after "if"in a conditional clause!

Él nolo tiraríasi noestuvieraroto. Hewouldn'tthrowit awayif it weren'tbroken.

Yonote conoceríasi noviviera en España. I wouldn'tknowyouif I didn't live in Spain.

Yonoempezaríasi tú noloquisieras. I wouldn'tstartif youdidn'twantmeto.

Nosubiríanlasventassi la gentenocomprara. Saleswouldn'tgoup if peopledidn't buyo

Yonoveríasi no llevaragafas. I wouldn'tbeableto seeif I didn'twearglasses.

Yonocompraríasi tú novendieras. I wouldn'tbuyif youdidn't sell.

Yonoentenderíasi ella noexplicara. I wouldn'tunderstandif shedidn'texplain.

Yonoestaríaenfermosi nofumara. I wouldn'tbeiII if I didn't smoke.

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Now, mixed up:

...r

lDon'tforgetthe goldenrule:

We NEVEREVERuse "would"atter "it"in a conditionalclause!

Si nofueraverdad,yonote creería. 1Iitweren'ttrue, I wouldn'tbelieveyou.

Él nopintaríasi no legustara. Hewouldn'tpaintif hedidn't like it.

Siyonotuvierahipoteca,notendríapreocupaciones.

If I didn't havea mortgage,I wouldn'thaveanyworries.

Yonomejubilaríasi notuviera65 años. I wouldn'tretireif I weren't65.

Si nolucháramos,noganaríamos. 1Iwedidn't fight, wewouldn'twin.

Yono me esconderíasi no tuviera complejo. I wouldn'thideif I didn't havea complex.

Si nopudieranlograrlo,nolo intentarían. 1Itheycouldn'tsucceed,theywouldn'tattemptit.

Yonodormiríasi notomarapastillas. I wouldn'tsleepif I didn't takepills.

Si él nocerrara,nopararía. If hedidn't close,hewouldn'tstop.

Yonollamaríasi nofueraurgente. I wouldn'tring il itweren'turgent.

Si no comprobáramos,cometeríamoserrores. If wedidn't check,wewouldmakemistakes.

Si él notocara,noseríafamoso. 1Ihedidn't play,hewouldn'tbefamous.

Yononadaríasi nosupieracómohacerlo. I wouldn'tswimif I didn't knowhowto.

Si nofueraposible,nolo haríamos. 1I itweren'tpossible,wewouldn'tdoit.

Yonolocompraríasi fuerailegal. I wouldn'tbuyit if itwere illegal.

Si nomeobligaras,yonomeentrenaría. If youdidn't forceme,I wouldn'ttrain.

Yonoasistiríasi nofuerastú. I wouldn'tattendif youdidn't go.

Si notuvieragripe,nomesentiríamal. If I didn't haveflu, I wouldn'tfeelbad.

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As I'm sure you are expecting, we will now look at the present conditional in theinterrogativeform.

Si él viniese, ¿te irías?

Si te fueras, ¿ella te acompañaría?

Si ella insistiera, ¿esperarías?

Si tuvieses hambre, ¿comerías?

Si limpiaras, ¿tendría importancia?

Si fueras, ¿comprarías?

If he carne, would you leave?

Si compraras, ¿venderías?

If you left, would she go with you?

If she insisted, would you wait?

If you were hungry, would you eat?

If you cleaned, would it matter?

If you went, would you buy?

If you bought, would you sell?

If you knew, would you tell me?

If you won, would you be happy?

If you had money, would you buy it?

If it were serious, would you gol

If it were hot, would you have a swim?

Si lo supieras, ¿me lo dirías?

Si ganaras, ¿estarías contento?

Si tuvieras dinero, ¿lo comprarías?

Si fuese grave, ¿irías?

Si hiciera calor, ¿te bañarías?

Si ella hiciera un esfuerzo, ¿aprobaría?

Si estuviese oscuro, ¿encenderías la luz?

If she made an effort, would she pass?

If it were dark, would you turn on the light?

If it were yours, would you sell it?

If you could, would you take the plane?

If you were thirsty, would you drink?

If you were tired, would you sit down?

If it were broken, would you change it?

If you had a wash, would you feel better?

If she were tired, would she go to bed?

Si fuera tuyo, ¿lo venderías?

Si pudieras, ¿cogerías el avión?

Si tuvieses sed, ¿beberías?

Si estuvieras cansado, ¿te sentarías?

Si estuviera roto, ¿lo cambiarías?

Si te lavaras, ¿te sentirías mejor?

Si ella estuviera cansada, ¿se iría a la cama?

/ --- --- ----

f1

Don'tforgetthe goldenrule:

We NEVEREVERuse "would"atter "it"in a conditionalclause!

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aríassi ella bailara? Would you lookif she danced?

tinuaríassi éltrabajara? Wouldyoucontinueif heworked?

quedaríassi ella lo necesitara?

Would.youattendif shecooked?

Wouldyoustayif sheneededyouto?

Wouldyoustudyif youprogressed?

Wouldyoulaughif I tried?

Wouldyoupushif it wereclosed?

Wouldyoupull if I askedyouto?

Wouldyourentif youcouldn'tbuy?

Wouldyouhatemeif I stoppedyou?

Wouldyoudecideif I insisted?

Wouldyouwalkif I wantedyouto?

.stiríassi ella cocinara?

studiaríassi progresaras?

mpujaríassi estuvieracerrado?

quilaríassi nopudierascomprar?

,iMeodiaríassi yote parara?

tTedecidiríassi yoinsistiera?

tlrías a piesi yoloquisiera?

¿Élterminaríasi noprogresara? Wouldhefinish if hemadenoprogress?

-- --- -- --- - -- - --- --Don'tforget the goldenrule:

We NEVEREVERuse "would" atter "it"in a conditional clause!

- - -- -- .. .. --- . --

¿Ellame echaríade menossi me muriese? Wouldshemissmeif I died?

¿Empezaríansi yo les hablara? Wouldtheystart if I talkedto them?

¿Ganaríasmássi trabajarasmás?

Wouldyourealiseif theyweren'there?

Wouldyoucommityourselfif wesaved?

Wouldyouanswerherif shecommittedherself?

Wouldyouearnmoreif youworkedharder?

¿Tedaríascuentasi ellosnoestuviesen?

¿Tecomprometeríassi ahorrásemos?

¿Lecontestaríassi ella secomprometiera?

¿Aterrizaríael aviónsi despegara?

¿Saldríassi nevara?

Wouldthe planelandif it tookoff?

¿Venderíassi yo crease?

Wouldyougooutif it snowed?

Wouldyousell if I created?

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Now, both possible inversions:

--- -- - - - - - - - - -. - - - - - - - --- -- - -- - - ----Don'tforgetthe goldenrule:

We NEVEREVERuse "wouId" after "if"in a conditionalclause!

-- --- -- -- --- - -- --- -

¿Lo vaciaríassi estuvieralleno? Wouldyouemptyit if itwerefull?

If it costless,wouldyoubuyit?Si costaramenos,¿locomprarías?

¿Éllo secaríasi estuviesemojado? Wouldhedryit if itwerewet?

Si fueramásfácil, ¿loestudiarías? If itwereeasier,wouldyoustudyit?

¿Locortaríansi estuvieselargo? Wouldtheycut it if itwerelong?

Siella estuvieramásenforma,¿ganaría? If shewerefitter,wouldshewin?

¿Locambiaríassi no legustaraa nadie? Wouldyouchangeit if nobodylikedit?

If youhada seed,wouldyouplant it?Si tuviesesunasemilla,¿laplantarías?

¿Lomandaríassi tuviesesunsello? Wouldyousendit if youhada stamp?

Si fueragratis,¿cogeríasuno? If itwerefree,wouldyoutakeone?

¿Sonreiríassi yo riera? Wouldyousmileif Ilaughed?

Si él llegase,¿temoverías? If he arrived,wouldyou move?

¿Escucharíansi tú explicaras? Wouldtheylistenif youexplained?

¿Respiraríassi noexistieras?

If shewanted,wouldyoudoit?

Wouldyoubreatheif youdidn'texist?

If shedidn't speak,wouldyouspeak?

Wouldshegoin if shedidn't belong?

If hehadtime,wouldhepaint?

Wouldyourunif itwerehealthy?

Si quisieraella,¿loharías?

Siella nohablara,¿hablaríastú?

¿Entraríaellasi noperteneciera?

Siél tuviesetiempo,¿pintaría?

¿Correríassi fuerasano?

Si perdierasel autobús,¿cogeríasuntaxi? If youmissedthe bus,wouldyoutakea taxi?

¿Televantaríassi yote despertara? Wouldyou get up if I wokeyou up?

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Some more complicated affirmative examplesfor your delectation!

Siella hablaramejorel inglés,conseguiríaeltrabajo.

If she spokebetter English, shewouldgetthejob.

Yole llamaría(a él) si quisierasqueviniese. I wouldphonehim ifyouwantedhimto come.

Si ellate dijeraquesaltarasdeun puente,lo harías.

If shetoldyouto jumpoff a bridge,youwoulddoit.

Memandaríanmi próximopedidogratissimequejara.

Theywouldsend me my nextorderfreeof charge if I complained.

Si meempapara,meresfriaría. If I gotsoaked,I wouldcatcha cold.

Yole impediría(a él) quehablasesi fueratú. I wouldpreventhimfromspeakingif I wereyou.

Si te parecierasa tu padre,tendríaslosojosazules. If you lookedlike yourfather, youwouldhaveblue eyes.

Ellasearrepentiríasi dijeraeso. Shewouldregretit if shesaidthat.

Si medijerancómohacerlo,lo intentaría. If theytold mehowto doit, I wouldhavea try.

Yote animaríaa quelo probasessi fueserealista. I wouldencourageyouto try if it wererealistic.

Si lavarastu cochemása menudo,daríasmejorimagen.

If youwashedyourcarmoreoften,youwouldgivea betterimpression.

Ellaprobablementeseopondríasi sugirieraseso. Shewouldprobablyobject if yousuggestedthat.

Si te perdierasla primerapartedela película,todavíaentenderíasla segundaparte.

If youmissedthefirst partof the film,youwouldstill understandthesecondparto

Perderíaskilossi hicierasejerciciotodoslosdías. Youwouldloseweight if you workedout everyday.

Si te cayerasdeun acantiladode 100metros,probablementemorirías.

If youfell off a 100-metrecliff, youwouldprobablydie.

Meresfriaríasi meempapara. I wouldcatcha coldif.l gotsoaked.

- - - -- - -- -- - - -- -- - --------Oon'tforgetthe goldenrule:

We NEVEREVERuse "would"atter "it"in a conditionalclause!

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Some more complex negative examples now:

Siyotuvieracanas,nomelas teñiría. If I hadgreyhair,I wouldn'tdyeit.

Yonoregaríala plantasi la tierra parecierahúmeda.

I wouldn'twatertheplantif thesoillookedmoist.

Si nomedejarasir, se lo pediríaa otrapersona. If youdidn't let mego,I wouldasksomeoneelse.

Yono lo romperíaen pedazossi noestuviera defectuoso. I wouldn'tsmashit if it weren'tfaulty.

Si ella nocazaraconejos,cazaríaotracosa. If shedidn't huntrabbits,shewouldhuntsomethingelse.

Noestaríasdispuestosi tuvierasquevenira las7 dela mañana.

Youwouldn'tbewilling if youhadtocomeat 7:00a.m.

Siyoestuvieraentu lugar,no lo haría. If I werein yourshoes,I wouldn'tdo it.

Noperderíasel tiemposi fuerasmásorganizado.

Youwouldn'twastetime if youweremoreorganized.

"\

Don'tforget the golden rule:

We NEVEREVERuse "would" atter "it"in a conditional clause!

Siella nolo llevara,quebraríael negocio. If sheweren't runningthings,the businesswouldgobankrupt.

Él noloconseguiríasi nofuesetan inteligente. Hewouldn'tachieveit if heweren't so intelligent.

Si ellosfuesenmásclaros,yonoestaríatan confuso. If theywereclearer,I wouldn'tbesoconfused.

Yonopesaría100kilossi nocomieratanto. I wouldn'tweigh100kilosif I didn't eatsomucho

Si cogierasel tren,notardaríasmás. If youtookthetrain, it wouldn'ttakeyouanylonger.

Yonoestaríaaquísi noapoyarala decisión. I wouldn'tbehereif I didn't supportthedecision.

Si la empresanoemplearatantostrabajadores,notendríatantosproblemasfinancieros.

If thecompanydidn'temploysomanyworkers,it wouldn'thavesomanyfinancialproblems.

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Let's not forget the interrogative!

- - - --- .Don'tforgetthe goldenrule:

We NEVEREVERuse "wouId" after "if"in a conditionalclause!

- -- _.."""

¿Teimportaríasi yofumara? Wouldyou mind if I smoked?

Si él viniera,¿aceptarías? If he carne,wouldyou accept?

¿Tequejarías si lo cancelaran? Wouldyoucomplainif theycancelled?

Si fuesevuestroaniversario¿lemandaríasflores? If it wereyouranniversary,wouldyousendherflowers?

¿Ingresaríasdinerosi tuvieses? Wouldyou pay in somemoneyif you had any?

Si tú le dejaras,¿loentendería? If youleft him,wouldheunderstand?

¿Loharíassi pudieras? Wouldyoudo it if youcould?

Si te ayudásemos,¿lo harías? If we helpedyou,wouldyou do it?

¿Haríasunesfuerzosi estuviesesinteresado? Wouldyoumakeaneffort ifyouwereinterested?

Siestuvieraprohibidofumar,¿apagaríasel cigarro?

If smokingwereforbidden,wouldyouputoutyourcigarette?

¿Iríasal cinesi hubieraalgobueno? Wouldyougoto thecinemaif therewereanythinggoodon?

Si losvecinossequejaran,¿bajaríasel volumen? If the neighbourscomplained,wouldyouturnthevolumedown?

¿Encenderíastu cigarrosi tuviesesfuego? Wouldyoulightyourcigaretteifyouhada light?

Siyote dieramil dólares,¿cantaríasenpúblico? If I gaveyouonethousanddollars,wouldyousing in public?

¿Entraríasenel ejércitosi te obligaran? Wouldyoujoin the armyifyouwereforcedto?

Si estuvieselloviendo,¿mellevarías? If it wereraining,wouldyougivemea lift?

¿Escribiríasun artículosi yote lo pidiera? Wouldyouwriteanarticleif I askedyouto?

Si te multasen,¿pagarías? If they fined you,wouldyou pay?

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I suggestwe try mixing affirmative, negativeand interrogative in the two possible inversions.Havefun!

Si él fuese rico, se compraríaun Ferrari. If he were rich, he would buy a Ferrari.

Yo no arriesgaría tanto si no tuviese un sueldo. I wouldn't risk so much if I didn't have a salary.

Si pintaras como él, ¿serías famoso? If you painted like him, would you be famous?

Yo iría a la cárcel si te robara el coche. I would go to prison if I stole your caro

No se les acabarían las ideas si tú estuvieses

en el equipo.

Theywouldn't run out of ideas if youwereon the team.

¿Temudarías si el ruido llegase a ser insoportable? Would you move if the noise became unbearable?

Yo que tú me callaría. I would shut up if I were you.

Yo probaría tu pastel si no estuviese a régimen. I would try your cake if I weren't on a diet.

Si vivieras en California, ¿necesitarías

clases de inglés?

If you lived in California, 'would you need

English classes?

¿Sería inconveniente si yo te interrumpiera? Would it be inconvenient if I interrupted you?

Yo volvería a por ello si tuviéramos más tiempo. I wouldgobackfor it if wehadmoretime.

Siél nodieratantosproblemas,yonoloecharía. If hedidn't causesomuchtrouble,I wouldn'tfire him.

Si fuerasmásjoven,¿correrías? If youwere younger,wouldyourun?

¿Vendríabiensi yo ledijera(a él) quete ayudara? Wouldit help if I told himto assistyou?

Si tuvierasmás,¿medaríasuno? If youhadmore,wouldyougivemeone?

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PODRíA,PODRíAS,ETC.= WOULDBEABLETO

Se dice también "could" pero suena mejor "would be able to".

¡Cuidado! ¡No te confundas! En los primeros cinco ejemplos "could"es el pasadodel verbo "can" en la cláusula con "if".

Siyopudierahablarfrancés,podríatrabajarenParís.

11I could speakFrench,I wouldbe able towork in Paris.

Siyopudieraescribirbien,podríaganarmela vidacomoperiodista.

Si ella pudierarecordar,podríadecírtelo.

11I couldwritewell, I wouldbeabletomakea livingas a journalist.

Si pudiéramosdejarel trabajoahora,podríamosir al parque.

11she could remember,she wouldbe able totellyou.

11hecouldrun,hewouldbeabletotakepart in the race.

11wecouldstopworknow,wewouldbeabletogoto the park.

11this trip costmore,I wouldn'tbeableto go.

Si él pudieracorrer,podríaparticiparen la carrera.

Si esteviajecostaramás,yonopodríair.

. . -.. - -Don'tlorgetthe goldenrule:

- . -

l. We NEVEREVERuse "would"atter "it"in a conditionalclause!

Si yo bebieratres cervezas,no podríavolver a casa conduciendo.

11I drankthreebeers,I wouldn'tbeabletodrivehome. .

Siyoganaraun millóndepesetas,nopodríajubilarme.

Siyoganaraun millóndelibras,podríajubilarme.

Siyofueseespañol,nopodríaalistarmeenelejércitobritánico.

11I wona millionpesetas,I wouldn'tbeableto retire.

11I wona millionpounds,I wouldbeableto retire. .,

11I wereSpanish,I wouldn'tbeabletojoin the BritishArmy.

Si te lo pensarasunpocomás,podríasdarmela respuesta.

11I didn't teach,I wouldn'tbeableto paymymortgage.

11youthoughtaboutit more,youwouldbeabletogivemetheanswer.

Siyonoenseñara,nopodríapagarmi hipoteca.

Site acostarasmástemprano,podríaslevantartemástemprano.

11youwent to bedearlier,youwouldbeable toget up earlier.

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Let's try a few questions with "would be able to" now.

- -.. .Don'tforgetthe goldenrule:

We NEVEREVERuse "would"atter "it"in a conditionalclause!

Si tuviesessietehijos,¿podríaiscaberentu coche?

If you had sevenkids, wouldyou be able tofit in your car?

Si ella viviese en los Pirineos,¿podríatrabajar en Sevilla?

If she lived in the Pyrenees,wouldshe be able towork in Seville?

Si él tuviese más dinero,¿podríacomprar una casa más grande?

If he had moremoney,wouldhe be able tobuy a bigger house?

Si estuviese~perdidoen el desierto,¿podríassobrevivir?

If youwerelost in the desert,wouldyoubeableto survive?

Si hablasesuninglésperfecto,¿podríasentenderme?

If you spokeperfect English,wouldyou be able tounderstandme?

Si cogierasunoskilos, ¿podríassoltarlos? If youputonweight,wouldyoubeableto loseit?

Si empezaras,¿podríasterminar? If youstarted,wouldyoubeableto finish?

Si hicierancola,¿podríanconseguirunamesa? If theyqueued,wouldtheybeableto geta table?

Si él sehicieradaño,¿podríarecibiratenciónmédica?

If hehurt himself,wouldhebeabletoreceivemedicalattention?

Si el preciodela viviendasubiera,¿podríaspermitirteel lujodecambiardecasa?

If houseprices rose,wouldyou be able toafford to move?

Si estuviesesmuyviejo, ¿podríasvivir solo? If youwerereallyold,wouldyoubeabletolive byyourself?

Si hubiesemuchoruido, ¿podríasconcentrarte?

If therewerea lotof noise,wouldyoubeableto concentrate?

Si te pusierasde pie sobremis hombros,¿podríasver porencima de la pared?

If you stoodon my shoulders,wouldyou be able toseeoverthe wall?

Si supierasarreglar ordenadores,¿podríasrepararel mío?

If youknewhowto mendcomputers,wouldyoubeableto fix mine?

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ContractionsEchemosun vistazo ahora a las contracciones. Cuandoescribimos solo se incluye una con-tracción despuésde un pronombresujeto (1,you, he, she, we, you, they). Sin embargo,co-mo ocurre en el primer condicional, se oyen en la calle con todo tipo de sujetos, de formaindiscriminada, así que debemosser capaces de reconocerlas.

Wouldse contrae 'd.

Despuésde una consonantese pronuncia "ud".

Practica leyendo la siguiente lista:

*Estosejemplosestánescritosincorrectamente;sin embargo,asíescomolosescucharemos.

I'd moveif I could.

They'danswerif theycould.

We'dborrowmoremoneyif theylet uso

I'd changemanythingsif I werein power.

*Thepolice'darresthim if theyhadmoreevidence.

*Spain'dwin theWorldCupif the playersreallybelievedin themselves.

*Friday'dbea gooddayif I weren'tin Brussels.

*His boss'dincreasehis salaryif heworkedmoreefficiently.

They'dsellmoreclothesif theshopwerebetterlocated.

I'd bereallybotheredif it rained.

She'drealiseif hewereIying.

*Thegovernment'dprotectus if therewerea war.

*His pupils'dobeyhim if hewerestricter.

I'd welcomea changeif it werefeasible.

*Taxes'dgoup if theotherpartywerein power.

*Morepeople'dcomeif theofferweremoreattractive.

*Mycar'dgofasterif it weremorepowerful.

*His novels'dbemoreinterestingif hewrotein a moreaccessiblemanner.

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He'dmakemoremoneyif hewentto workin theStates.

*Theproblem'dbesolvedif shejoinedthe team.

*Cars'dbecheaperif thereweremoremanufacturers.

*Mymother'dhelpmeif I askedher.

Ahora repasatodas las páginas dedicadas al segundo condicional

e intenta leerlas utilizando las contracciones.

iUtiIizarcon cuidado!

, ..,r,, ,,

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TheSameVerbTwice

Si te pudieraayudar,lo haría.

Weexpress th is in English as follows:

1I I could help you, I would.

Note "could" is more common here than "were able to".

Let's try a few more:

Siél pudierahacerlo,lo haría.

If I couldgo,I would.

If I couldcall, I would.

If I couldbethere,I would.

If I couldbuyit, I would.

If I couldsell it, I would.

If hecoulddoit, hewould.

If hecouldcome,hewould.

If shecouldgoout,shewould.

If shecouldbreakit, shewould.

Siyopudierair, iría.

Siyopudierallamar,llamaría.

Siyopudieraestar,estaría.

Siyolo pudieracomprar,lo compraría.

Si yo lo pudieravender,lo vendería.

Si él pudieravenir,vendría.

Si ella pudierasalir,saldría.

Siella pudieraromperlo,lo rompería.

And now the other way around:

Yoiría si pudiera. I wouldgoif I could.

I woulddoit if I could.Yolo haríasi pudiera.

Yollamaríasi pudiera. I wouldcall if I could.

Yoestaríasi pudiera. I wouldbethereif I could.

Yolo compraríasi pudiera. I wouldbuyit if I could.

I wouldsell it if I could.Yolovenderíasi pudiera.

Él lo haríasi pudiera.

Élvendríasi pudiera.

Hewoulddoit if hecould.

Hewould comeif hecould.

Ellasaldríasi pudiera. Shewouldgoout if shecould.

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--- ---

Here we go then!

Siyopudiera,iría.

Siyopudiera,llamaría.

Siyopudiera,estaría.

Si yo pudiera, lo compraría.

Si yo pudiera, lo vendería.

Siél pudiera,lo haría.

Siél pudiera,vendría.

Siella pudiera,saldría.

Siella pudiera,lo rompería.

--

OR.. .

Si yo pudiera,te ayudaría.

We expressth is in English as follows:

1I I could, I wouldhelp you.

If I could,I wouldgo.

If I could,I wouldcal!.

If I could,I wouldbethere.

If I could,I wouldbuyit.

If I could,I wouldsell it.

If hecould,hewoulddoit.

If hecould,hewouldcome.

If shecould,shewouldgoout.

If shecould,shewouldbreakit.

----

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TwoEdifyingStories

A continuación, encontrarás dos cuentos escritos a base de preguntas en el condicionalde presente.

La idea es respondersiempre afirmativamentey contestar usando la forma más completa.Aunque las respuestas no resulten muy naturales, es una manera muy eficaz para trabajar

esta estructura.

Por ejemplo, si la pregunta es:

If you ate another hamburger, would you be iI/?

La respuesta que buscamos sería:

Yes, if late another hamburger, I would be iI/.

Las respuestas a estas historias están al final del libro.

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Here we go then!

Siyopudiera,iría.

Siyopudiera,llamaría.

Siyopudiera,estaría.

Si yo pudiera, lo compraría.

Si yo pudiera, lo vendería.

Siél pudiera,loharía.

Siél pudiera,vendría.

Siella pudiera,saldría.

Siella pudiera,lo rompería.

---- .- - ---

OR.. .

Si yo pudiera,te ayudaría.

Weexpress this in English as follows:

If I could, I wouldhelp you.

If I could,I wouldgo.

If I could,I wouldcal!.

If I could,I wouldbethere.

If I could,I wouldbuyit.

If I could,I wouldsell it.

If hecould,hewoulddoit.

If hecould, hewouldcome.

If she could, shewouldgo out.

If shecould,shewouldbreakit.

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Here we go then!

Siyopudiera,iría.

Siyopudiera,llamaría.

Siyopudiera,estaría.

Si yo pudiera, lo compraría.

Si yo pudiera, lo vendería.

Siél pudiera,lo haría.

Siél pudiera,vendría.

Siella pudiera,saldría.

Siella pudiera,lo rompería.

- --- . - - -- - - --

OR...

Si yo pudiera,te ayudaría.

Weexpress this in English as follows:

If I could, I wouldhelp you.

If I could,I wouldgo.

If I could,I wouldcal!.

If I could,I wouldbethere.

If I could,I wouldbuyit.

If I could,I wouldsell it.

If hecould,hewoulddoit.

If hecould, hewouldcome.

If she could, shewouldgo out.

If shecould,shewouldbreakit.

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Here we go then!

Siyopudiera,iría.

Siyopudiera,llamaría.

Siyopudiera,estaría.

Si yo pudiera, lo compraría.

Si yo pudiera, lo vendería.

Siél pudiera,lo haría.

Siél pudiera,vendría.

Siella pudiera,saldría.

Siella pudiera,lo rompería.

OR...

Si yopudiera,te ayudaría.

We expressthis in English as follows:

1I I could, I wouldhelp you.

If I could, I wouldgo.

If I could,I wouldcal!.

If I could,I wouldbethere.

If I could,I wouldbuyit.

If I could,I wouldsell it.

If hecould,hewoulddoit.

If hecould, hewouldcome.

If she could, shewouldgo out.

If shecould,shewouldbreakit.

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TwoEdifyingStories

A continuación, encontrarás dos cuentos escritos a base de preguntas en el condicionalde presente.

La idea es responder siempre afirmativamente y contestar usando la forma más completa.Aunque las respuestas no resulten muy naturales, es una manera muy eficaz para trabajar

esta estructura.

Por ejemplo, si la pregunta es:

If you ate another hamburger, would you be ill1

La respuesta que buscamos sería:

Yes, if late another hamburger, I would be iII.

Las respuestas a estas historias están al final del libro.

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ViciousCircle!

If youwereextremelytall, wouldyouhaveproblemswith legroom?

1Iyouhadproblemswith legroom,wouldyouneedto buya specialcar?

1Iyou had to buya special car, would it beveryexpensive?

1Ithecarwere reallyexpensive,wouldyouhaveproblemspayingfor it?

1Iyouhadproblemspayingfor it, wouldyouneedto lookfor a secondjob?

1Iyouhadto lookfor a secondjob,wouldyouapplyto bea waiter?

1Iyouappliedto bea waiter,wouldyouendupworkingbehinda bar?

1Iyouendedupworkingbehinda bar,wouldyoukeepbangingyourheadonthe shelves?

1Iyoukeptbangingyourheadontheshelves,wouldyouendupcuttingyourself?

1Iyouendedupcuttingyourself,wouldyouhaveto goto hospital?

1Iyouhadto goto hospital,wouldyouhaveto havesurgery?

1Iyouhadto havesurgery,wouldyoubeoff workfor sixweeks?

1Iyouwere off workfor six weeks,would you loseyoursecondjob?

1Iyoulostyoursecondjob,wouldyoubeunableto paythe monthlyinstallmentsfor yourspecialcar?

1Iyouwere unableto paythe monthlyinstallmentsfor yourspecialcar,wouldthe banktake it awayfromyou?

1Ithe banktookyourspecialcarawayfromyou,wouldyouhaveto takepublictransport?

1Iyouhadto takepublictransport,wouldyoufeelveryuncomfortablesittingdown?

1Iyoufelt uncomfortablesitting down,wouldyoustandonthetrain?

1Iyoustoodonthe train,wouldyoukeepbangingyourhead?

1Iyoukeptbangingyourheadonthe train,wouldyouendupcuttingyourself?

1Iyouendedupcuttingyourself,wouldyouhaveto goto hospital?

1Iyouhadto goto hospital,wouldyouhaveto havesurgery?

1,...

Moral 01the story: Don'tbe extremelytal!!

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Goodand BadLuck

If youwonsomemoneyonthe lottery,wouldyoubuya biggercar?

If youboughta biggercar,wouldyouhavemoreproblemsfindinga parkingspace?

If youhadmoreproblemsfindinga parkingspace,wouldyouparkillegally?

If youparkedillegally,wouldyourcarbetowedaway?

If yourcarweretowedaway,wouldyouthink it hadbeenstolen?

If youthought yourcar had beenstolen,wouldyou phonethe Poiice?

If youphonedthePolice,wouldtheytell youwhereto pickupyourcar?

If the Poiicetoldyouwhereto pickupyourcar,wouldyougoto thecar poundimmediately?

If youwentto thecar pound,wouldyougobytaxi?

If youwentbytaxi,wouldit costa fortune?

If it costa fortune,wouldyoubeangry?

If youwereangry,wouldyourefuseto paythe fineto recoveryourcar?

If yourefusedto paythefine,wouldyouhaveto goto court?

If youhadto goto court,wouldyouendup payinga biggerfine?

If youendedup payinga biggerfine,wouldyouhavelessmoneythan beforewinningthe lottery?

If youhadlessmoneythan beforeyouwonthe lottery,wouldyoustart buyinglotsof lotterytickets?

If youstartedbuyinglotsof lotterytickets,wouldyouloseall the moneyyouhad?

If youlostall the moneyyouhad,wouldyoustart sellingall yourfurniture?

If yousoldall yourfurniture,wouldyouhaveto sit onthefloor?

If youhadto sit onthefloor,wouldyoudecideto stopdoingthe lottery?

If youdecidedto stopdoingthe lottery,wouldthe numbersyoualwayschosewinthe big prize?

If the numbersyoualwayschosewonthe big prize,wouldyoufeelslightlysilly?

Moral01the story:Don'tloseyourtemperil yourcargetstowedaway!

-

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A Questionof Logic

A continuación, encontrarás una serie de afirmaciones escritas en presente.Vamosa cambiar la historia, creando un presente alternativo o irreal. Como se trata

de un presente ficticio, lo describiremos a través del Ufiltro" del pasadosimple,dando un paso hacia atrás en el tiempo.

Hay que imaginar lo que pasaríasi las cosas fuesen diferentes.

Por ejemplo, si la frase es la siguiente:

I work because I need the money.

se convertiría en:

Youwouldn't work if you didn't need the money.

El truco es cambiar un verbo en forma afirmativa por un verbo en forma negativayviceversa.

La cláusula despuésde ubecause" se convierte en la cláusula con uif".

Las respuestasestán al final del libro.

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AnImpossibleSituation -Ilive far fromthe eitybeeauseI eannotaffordto livenearit.

I ean't affordto livenearit beeauseI don'tearnmuehmoney.

I don'tearnmuehmoneybeeauseI don't havea goodjob.

I don'thavea goodjob beeauseI onlyworkonSaturdays.

I onlyworkonSaturdaysbeeauseI ean'tgeta full-time job.

I ean't geta full-timejob beeausenobodywantsto hireme.

Nobodywantsto hiremebeeauseI'mveryugly.

I'mveryuglybeeauseI havea veryunusualfaee.

I havea veryunusualfaeebeeausemyheadis exeeptionallysmall.

Myheadis exeeptionallysmallbeeauseI usuallywashmyselfin thewashingmaehine.

I usuallywashmyselfin thewashingmaehinebeeauseI don't haveenoughroomfor a washingmaehineanda bath.

I don'thaveenoughroomfor a washingmaehineanda bathbeeausemyflat is tiny.

Myflat is tiny beeauseit's situatedin the middleof a motorway.

It's situatedin the middleof a motorwaybeeauseI refuseto sell it to the motorwaymanagementeompany.

I refuseto sell it to the motorwaymanagementeompanybeeauseI eannotgetto mylawyer's.

I eannotgetto mylawyer'sbeeauseI'm unableto erossthe motorway.

I amunableto erossthe motorwaybeeausethetraffie is alwaysverybusy.

Thetraffie is alwaysverybusybeeausethe motorwayis famous.

Themotorwayis famousbeeausethe manwith thesmallestheadin theworldlivesin the middleof it!

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\1\

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This is the conditional everyone hates. However, ¡t's just a matter of practice. The moreyou work at th ¡s, the better you wi11become.

Si yo hubieseestadode acuerdo,habría aceptado. If I hadagreed,I wouldhaveaccepted.

Si yo hubieseaceptado,habría ido. If I hadaccepted,I wouldhavegone.

Siyohubieseido,habríahablado. If I had gone, I wouldhavespoken.

Siella hubierasabido,habríacontestado. If shehadknown,shewouldhaveanswered.

Siella hubiesecontestado,habríaganado. If shehadanswered,shewouldhavewon.

Siella hubieseganado,habríallorado. If shehadwon,shewouldhavecried.

Siella hubierallorado,sehabríanreído. If shehadcried,theywouldhavelaughed.

If theyhadstarted,I wouldhavefinished.Si hubiesenempezado,yo habría terminado.

Si hubiésemosvolado,habríamosllegado. If wehadflown,wewouldhavearrived.

Siella hubieraescrito,lo habríasabido. If shehadwritten,shewouldhaveknown.

Si hubierasestudiado,habríasaprobado. If youhadstudied,youwouldhavepassed.

Si melo hubierasdicho,habríavenido. If youhadtold me,I wouldhavecome.

Si ellos hubiesenmarcado,habríamosperdido. If theyhadscored,wewouldhavelost.

Si ella hubieraayudado,habríamosterminado. If shehadhelped,wewouldhavefinished.

Si hubiesellovido, nos habríamosmojado. If it hadrained,wewouldhavegotwet.

Si sehubieranacordado,habríanvenido. If they had remembered,they wouldhavecome.

Si te hubierasdadocuenta,te habríasparado. If you had realized,youwouldhavestopped.

Si hubierasllamado,yohabríacerrado. If you had phoned,I wouldhaveclosed.

Si ella hubiesemirado,lo habríaencontrado. If shehadlooked,shewouldhavefoundit.

Si hubierasubido,yohabríavendido. If it hadgoneup, I wouldhavesold.

Don'tforgetthe goldenrule:

We NEVEREVERuse "wouId have"after "if"in a conditionalclause!

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Let's have a look at the other way around with the "if" clause second.

Él hubieradiscutidosi hubiesetenidotiempo. Hewouldhavearguedif hehadhadtime.

Ellossehabríanmarchadosi lo hubiesensabido. Theywouldhaveleft if theyhadknown.

Habríanescuchadosi hubieranquerido. Theywouldhavelistenedif theyhadwantedto.

Él habríasaltadosi sehubieraatrevido. Hewouldhavejumpedif hehaddared.

Ellahabríaconducidosi hubieratenidouncoche. Shewouldhavedrivenif shehadhada caro

Élhabríacrecidosi hubieracomido. Hewouldhavegrownif hehadeaten.

Habríanoídosi hubieranescuchado. Theywouldhaveheardif theyhadlistened.

Habríanvistosi hubieranmirado. Theywouldhaveseenif theyhadwatched.

Élsehabríasentadosi ella selo hubieraofrecido. Hewouldhavesat downif shehadoffered.

Yohabríaentendidosi melo hubierasexplicado. I wouldhaveunderstoodif youhadexplainedit to me.

Don'tforgetthe goldenrule:

We NEVEREVERuse "wouId have"after "if"in a conditionalclause!

Mehabríaacordadosi melo hubierasrecordado. I wouldhaveremembered.if you had remindedme.

Mehabríaidosi mehubiesesllamado. I wouldhaveleft if youhadrung.

Tehabríascaídosi te hubierasresbalado. Youwouldhavefallenoverif youhadslipped.

Habríandormidosi hubieseestadotranquilo. Theywouldhavesleptif it hadbeenquiet.

Habríamospagadosi noshubierascobrado. Wewouldhavepaid if you had chargeduso

Yote lo habríadichosi melohubieraspreguntado. I wouldhavetoldyouif youhadasked.

Yohabríaaprobadosi ella mehubieraenseñado. I wouldhavepassedif shehadtaughtme.

Ellahabríacomenzadosi él hubierallegado. Shewouldhavebegunif hehadarrived.

Yohabríainsistidosi lo hubierasabido. I wouldhaveinsistedif I hadknown.

Yohabría sudadosi hubiesehechocalor. I wouldhavesweatedif it hadbeenhot.

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Let's try mixing both possible inversions.

Don'tforget the golden rule:

We NEVEREVERuse "would have" atter "it"in a conditional clause!

Siyohubieramejorado,habríaido. If I hadimproved,I wouldhavegone.

Yohabríavueltosi hubieracambiado. I wouldhavereturnedif it hadchanged.

Si lo hubiesenconsiderado,lo habríancomprado. If theyhadconsidered,theywouldhavebought.

Habríamossufridosi esohubierapasado. Wewouldhavesufferedif that hadhappened.

Si tu cocinasehubierainundado,habríasestadocabreado.

If yourkitchenhadflooded,youwouldhavebeenangry.

Habríansospechadosi te hubiesesido. Theywouldhavesuspectedif youhadleft.

Si ellasehubieseconcentrado,sehabríadadocuenta. If shehadconcentrated,shewouldhaverealized.

Me habría Quejadosi eso hubiesepasado. I wouldhavecomplainedif that hadhappened.

Si lohubierasvisto,te habríasreído. If youhadseenit, youwouldhavelaughed.

Yohabríaaplaudidosi mehubieragustado. I wouldhaveclappedif I hadlikedit.

Si hubiesenesperado,habríanentrado. If theyhadwaited,theywouldhaveentered.

Yome hubiesepuestorojo si ella hubieraestado. I wouldhaveblushedif shehadbeenthere.

Si lo hubierahechoyo,lo habríaconfesado. If I haddone¡t, I wouldhaveconfessed.

lo habríanentregadosi hubiesellegado. Theywouldhavedeliveredit if it hadarrived.

Siyohubieratenidotiempo,habríahechola cama. If I hadhadtime I wouldhavemadethe bed.

Habríaflotadosi lo hubiesesdejado. It wouldhavefloatedif youhadleft it.

Si lohubierashecho,esohabríapasado. If youhaddone¡t, that wouldhavehappened.

Ella habría podidocon ello si le hubiesesayudado. Shewouldhavemanagedif youhadhelpedher.

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Let's do a few easy negativeexamples.

Siel perrohubiesecomido,nohabríaatacado.

Siyolo hubiesesabido,nohabríainterrumpido.

Siella nohubiesepreguntado,él no lo habríasabido.

Si nohubiesenaprobado,nohabríanencontradountrabajo.

11thedoghadeaten,it wouldn'thayeattacked.

11I hadknown,I wouldn'thayeinterrupted.

11shehadn'tasked,hewouldn'thayeknown.

Siél nohubieraperdido,nohabríaestadotriste.

11theyhadn'tpassed,theywouldn'thayefounda job.

11hehadn'tlost,hewouldn'thayebeensad.

11I hadn'twon,I wouldn'thayeplayedthefinal.

Siyonohubieraganado,nohabríajugadola final.

Siel libronohubierasidointeresante,yonolo habríaleído.

Siel ordenadorhubierafuncionado,nohabríamostenidoproblemas.

Siyonolo hubieseolvidado,lo habríahecho.

11the bookhadn'tbeeninteresting,I wouldn'thayereadit.

Si ellos no hubiesenempujado,ella nosehabríacaído.

11thecomputerhadworked,wewouldn'thayehadanyproblems.

11I hadn'tforgotten,I wouldhayedoneit.

11theyhadn'tpushed,shewouldn'thayefallen.

Si nohubiesesidopeligroso,nomehabríapreocupado.

Siyonohubieravistola señal,nohabríaparado.

11it hadn'tbeendangerous,I wouldn'thayeworried.

Si nohubieranvenido,nomehabríasorprendido.

11I hadn'tseenthesign,I wouldn'thayestopped.

11theyhadn'tcome,I wouldn'thayebeensurprised.

Si nohubiésemosterminado,nonoshabríamoslevantado.

11wehadn'tfinished,wewouldn'thayestoodup

Siyonohubieraentendido,te lo habríadicho. 11I hadn'tunderstood,I would"hayetoldyou.

11wehadn'thadtime,wewouldn'thayestayed.

Si nohubiéramostenidotiempo,nonoshabríamosquedado.

Don'tforget the golden rule:

We NEVEREVERuse "would have" atter "it"in a conditional clause!

I,

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And, of course, the other way round!

Nosehabríaquemadosi tú nohubierassalido. It wou'dn'fhaveburnedif youhadn'tgoneout.

Nohabríasaprobadosi nohubieraspracticado. Youwouldn'thayepassedif youhadn'tpractised.

Ellanohabríaofendidoa nadiesinohubierahablado.

Shewouldn'thayeoffendedanyoneifshe hadn't spoken.

Ellosnohabríanaparcadoallí si nohubiesehabidoun sitio.

Theywouldn'thayeparkedthereif therehadn'tbeena space.

Él nosehabríajubiladosi nohubieseestadoenfermo.

Hewouldn'thayeretiredif hehadn'tbeeniII.

Yonolohabríaprometidosi nohubieraquerido. I wouldn'thayepromisedif I hadn'twantedto.

Yono me habría reídosi lo hubiesesabido. I wouldn'thayelaughedif I hadknown.

Don'tforgetthe goldenrule:

We NEVEREVERuse "wouldhave"atter "it"in a conditionalclause!

Élno lo habría disfrutado si yo no hubieseido. Hewouldn'thayeenjoyedit if I hadn'tgone.

El aviónnohabríaaterrizadosi hubieseperdidolas ruedas.

Theplanewouldn'thayelandedif it hadlostits wheels.

Yonohabríafumadosi mehubieradadocuentadelasconsecuencias.

I wouldn'thayesmokedif I hadrealizedtheconsequences.

Él nolo habríaintentadosi nohubiéramosestadoconvencidos.

Hewouldn'thayetried if wehadn'tbeenconvinced.

Ellanolo habríaadivinadosi nohubierassonreído. Shewouldn'thayeguessedif youhadn'tsmiled.

Nolohabríamencionadosi nomelohubiesesrecordado.

I wouldn'thayementionedit if youhadn'tremindedme.

Habríamosestadocansadossi no hubiésemosdormido. Wewouldhayebeentired if wehadn'tslept.

Yonohabríaescapadosi nohubiesesidofácil. I wouldn'thayeescapedif it hadn'tbeeneasy.

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A mix of the two now for good measure!

.-. --- -- - - --- --------- -...Don'tforgetthegoldenrule:

We NEVEREVERuse "wouId have"after "if"in a conditionalclause! I

I- - - -- - - - - --- --------

Si nohubiéramosvendidobastante,nonoshabríamosidoa casapronto.

If wehadn'tsoldenough,wewouldn'thayegonehomeearly.

Ellanosehabríaenteradosi nose lohubierasdicho.

Shewouldn'thayefoundoutif youhadn'ttold her.

Siyohubiesellegadotarde,nomehabríanadmitido. 1II hadbeenlate,theywouldn'thayelet mein.

1II hadearnedless,I wouldn'thayeretiredearly.

Siyohubieraganadomenos,nomehabríaprejubiladoantes.

Nosehabríanidosi ellosnohubierantenidoproblemas.

Theywouldn'thayeleft if theyhadn'thadproblems.

Siella nole hubieraconocido,nuncasehabríacasado.

1Ishehadn'tmethim,shewouldneverhayegotmarried.

Nohabríahabidoun problemasi élhubierareservado.

Therewouldn'thayebeena problemif hehadbooked.

Nohabríahabidounasequíasihubiesellovido.

If therehadn'tbeena problem,hewouldn'thayebeenangry.

Therewouldn'thayebeena droughtif ithadrained.

Si nohubierahabidoun problema,él nohabríaestadoenfadado.

Si ella nohubieseestado,elloshabríandiscutido. 1Ishehadn'tbeenthere,theywouldhayeargued.

Nohabríahabidounaguerrasi nohubiesehabidounadisputa.

Therewouldn'thayebeena warif therehadn'tbeena dispute.

Si no lo hubiésemosmandado,no habría llegado.

1Iwehadn'tsentit, it wouldn'thayearrived.

Nohabríahabidodemorasi elaviónhubierasalidoa su hora.

Therewouldn'thayebeena delayif the planehadleft ontime.

Si ella no hubiesetenido éxito,habría vuelto a intentarlo.

1Ishe hadn't succeededshewouldhaye

triedagain.

Yonote habríavistosi nohubiesesestornudado. I wouldn'thayeseenyouif youhadn'tsneezed.

I~

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Some easy questions now!

Si hubiesehechofrío,¿tehabríaspuestoguantes? If it hadbeencold,wouldyouhayeworngloves?

Si ella hubiesepagado,¿tehabríasopuesto? If shehadpaid,wouldyouhayeobjected?

Si él hubiesellegadotarde, ¿tehabríasQuejado? If hehadbeenlate,wouldyouhayecomplained?

Si tu cochesehubieseparado,¿habríasidoa pie? If yourcarhadstopped,wouldyouhayewalked?

Si lo hubiesessabido, ¿habríasido? If you had known,wouldyouhayagone?

Si ellasehubiesecaído,¿habríasayudado? If shehadfallen,wouldyouhayahelped?

Si los precioshubiesenbajado,¿habríascomprado?

If prices had gonedown,wouldyou hayabought?

Si se les hubieseolvidado,¿selo habrías recordado? If theyhadforgotten,wouldyouhayaremindedthem?

Siella hubieseconducido,¿lehabríasdadolas gracias?

If shehaddriven,wouldyouhayathankedher?

Si hubiesesonadoel teléfono, ¿lo habríasignorado?

If the phonehadrung,wouldyouhayaignoredit?

Si la entradahubiesesidogratis,¿habríasentrado?

If entryhadbeenfree,wouldyouhayagonein?

Si lo hubieseoído,¿melo habrías contado? If youhadheard,wouldyouhayatold me?

Si te hubiesesdadocuenta,¿lohabríasreparado? If you had noticed,wouldyou hayafiJ.{edit?

Si ella hubiesereído,¿élhabríallorado? If shehadlaughed,wouldhehayacried?

Si lo hubieseslogrado,¿élhabríafracasado? If you had succeeded,wouldhehayefailed?

Si elloshubiesenescrito,¿ellahabríacontestado? If theyhadwritten,wouldshehayareplied?

. . -Don'tforgetthe goldenrule:

We NEVEREVERuse "wouldhave" atter "it"in a conditionalclause!--- - - -

Page 81: Conditionals, no problem.pdf

---

You'veguessed it!!! It's time for the inversion:

¿Habríasido si hubiesellovido? Wouldyouhavegoneif it hadrained?

¿Ellahabríaescritosi la fechahubiesecambiado? Wouldshehavewrittenif the datehadchanged?

¿Lohabrías intentado si hubieseempezado? Wouldyouhavetried if it hadstarted?

¿Ellahabríahabladosi yohubieseestornudado? Wouldshe havespokenif I had sneezed?

¿Habríamosmiradosi hubiesenjugado? Wouldwehavewatchedif theyhadplayed?

¿Sehabríanseparadosi nohubiesendiscutido? Wouldtheyhaveseparatedif theyhadn'targued?

¿Élhabríahabladosi lo hubiesesabido? Wouldhehavetalkedif hehadknown?

¿Habríaspagadosi lo hubiesecomprado? Wouldyouhavepaidif youhadboughtit?

¿Ellahabríaaceptadosi selo hubierasofrecido? Wouldshehaveacceptedifyouhadoffered?

--- -- -- .. -- -- -- -

I

I We NEVEREVERuse "wouId have"atter "it"

L in a conditionalclause!-- - -- -- --- - - .. - - - - ---

Don'tforgetthegoldenrule:

¿Ellasehabríarelajadosi sehubiesequedado? Wouldshehaverelaxedif shehadstayed?

¿Ellahabríareinadosi el pueblonohubieseestadodeacuerdo?

Wouldshe havereigned if the peoplehadn't agreed?

¿Tehabríasquejadosi yo hubieseido? Wouldyouhavemoanedif I hadleft?

¿Habríasmentidosi ella hubiesepreguntado? Wouldyouhavelied if shehadasked?

¿Élsehabríaahogadosi el barcosehubiesehundido? Wouldhehavedrownedif theshiphadsunk?

¿Habríaimportadosi tú nohubiesesllamado? Wouldit havematteredif youhadn'tphoned?

¿Habríasexplotadosi ella hubiesegritado? Wouldyou haveexplodedif she had shouted?

¿Elloshabríanmejoradosi hubiesenestudiado? Wouldtheyhaveimprovedif theyhadstudied?

¿Laempresase habría expandidosi el mercadohubiesecrecido?

Wouldthecompanyhaveexpandedif themarkethadgrown?

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As 1'msure you are expecting: a quick look at both inversions.

- - - - - -- - - -- - - -.. - - --- - ------Oon'tforgetthe goldenrule:

We NEVEREVERuse "wouId have"after "if"in a conditionalclause!

.... --- - -----------

Siella hubieseestornudado,¿habríasdicho"Jesús"?

II she had sneezed,wouldyou hayesaid"blessyou"?

¿Élse habría mojadosi se hubiesequedadodentro? Wouldhehayegotwet if hehadstayedindoors?

Si ellasehubiesemarchado,¿élsehabríaido? If shehadleft, wouldhehayegone?

¿Quéhabríapasadosi hubiesesestadoallí? Whatwouldhayehappenedifyouhadbeenthere?

Siella sehubiesedisculpado,¿lohabríasaceptado?

If she had apologised,wouldyou hayeaccepted?

¿Élhabría desertadosi hubiesetenido miedo? Wouldhe hayedesertedif he had beenscared?

Si hubiesesestadoen desacuerdo,

¿habríasdiscutido?If you had disagreed,wouldyou hayeargued?

¿Habríasfregado si yo te lo hubiesepedido? Wouldyouhayewashedup if I hadaskedyouto?

Si hubiesesinterrumpido,¿habríaspedidoperdón?

If youhadinterrupted,wouldyouhayesaid,"sorry"?

¿Habríanhechotrampassi ella hubiesejugado? Wouldtheyhayecheatedif shehadplayed?

Si lo hubierassabido,¿habríastrabajadomás? If youhadknown,wouldyouhayeworkedharder?

¿Ellahabríacorridosi hubieseperdidoel autobús?

Wouldshehayerunif shehadmissedthe bus?

Si se hubiesenconocido,¿sehabrían casado? If theyhadmet,wouldtheyhayegotmarried?

¿Ellasehabríadecididosi hubierasidomástemprano? Wouldshehayedecidedif it hadbeenearlier?

Si te hubiesegustado,¿tehabríasmarchado? Ifyouhadlikedit, wouldyouhayeleft?

Page 83: Conditionals, no problem.pdf

It's now time tor a tew more challenging examples in the affirmative.

Don'tforgetthe goldenrule:

We NEVEREVERuse "wouldhave"atter "it"in a conditionalclause!

Si él hubiesepreguntado,se lohabríanpermitido. If he had asked,hewouldhavebeenallowed.

Yolo habríadichosi hubiesequeridoquetú vinieras. I wouldhavesaid if I hadwantedyouto come.

Siél hubiesesidoatacado,sehabríadefendido. If hehadbeenattacked,hewouldhavedefendedhimself.

Habríamoscorridosi hubiésemosidotarde. Wewouldhaverunif wehadbeenlate.

Si hubiesestrabajadoeficazmente,te habríanascendido.

If youhadworkedefficiently,youwouldhavebeenpromoted.

Yohabría aprobadomi examende inglés sihubiesenacidoen Londres.

I wouldhavepassedmy Englishexamif I had beenborn in London.

Siyohubiesehablado,habríametidola pata. If I hadspoken,I wouldhaveput myfoot in it.

Ellahabríabostezadosi hubieseestadocansada. Shewouldhaveyawnedif shehadbeentired.

Si hubiéramosaprobado,lo habríamoscelebrado. If wehadpassed,wewouldhavecelebrated.

Yohabríahechounesfuerzosi hubierasido

importante.

I wouldhavemadeaneffortif it hadbeenimportant.

Si yo hubieseperseguidoel zorro,lo habríaatrapado.

If I hadchasedthe fox,I wouldhavecaughtit.

Tehabríashechodañosi te hubierascaído. Youwouldhavehurtyourselfif youhadfallendown.

Si ella lohubieseintentado,lo habríalogrado. If she had tried, shewouldhavesucceeded.

Élsehabríaidoa casasi hubieseestadoenfermo. Hewouldhavegonehomeif hehadbeenill.

Siyolehubiesepedidoqueparticipara,él habríavenido.

If I hadaskedhimto takepart,hewouldhavecome.

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That leavesus with the negative...

Si no te hubiesennombradoresponsable,me habría quejado.

Yono habría frenadotan fuerte si el ciervono hubiesecorrido delante del coche.

If youhadn'tbeennamedmanager,Iwouldhayecomplained.

I wouldn'thayebrakedsohardif thedeerhadn't runin frontof thecaro

Si.la películahubiesefracasado,nohabríallegadoa serfamosa.

Nonoshabríandespedidosi la empresahubiesecrecido.

If thefilm hadflopped,it wouldn'thayebecomefamous.

Wewouldn'thayebeenfired if thecompanyhadgrown.

Siel ancianonohubiesecruzadola carretera,yonolohabríaatropellado.

If theold manhadn'tcrossedthe road,Iwouldn'thayerunhimovero

Elloshabríandiscutidosi ella nohubieseestado. Theywouldhayearguedif shehadn'tbeenthere.

If I hadn'tstudiedSpanish,I wouldneverhayecometo Spain.

Siyonohubieseestudiadoespañol,nuncahabríavenidoa España.

Don'tforgetthe goldenrule:

We NEVEREVERuse "wouldhave"atter "it"in a conditionalclause!

- - - -.

Ellanohabríaentradoenunadepresiónsi nohubiesesidodespedida.

Shewouldn'thayegoneintodepressionif shehadn'tbeenfired.

Si lascifrasdeveranonohubiesensidotanbuenas,la fábricahabríacerradoenseptiembre.

Élnohabríasidodetenidosi la cámarade

seguridadnohubieseestadofuncionando.

Siél nohubiesemarcado,nuncahabríanllegadoala final.

If thesummerfigureshadn'tbeensogood,thefactorywouldhayeclosedin September.

Hewouldn'thayebeenarrestedif thesecurityeamerahadn'tbeenworking.

If hehadn'tscored,theywouldneverhayereachedthe final.

Lamultitudnosehabríacongregadosi nohubieseestadolloviendo.

Thecrowdwouldn'thaye

gatheredif it hadn'tbeenraining.

If it hadn't rainedlast month,thecropswouldneverhayesurvivedthe summer.

Si no hubiesellovido el mespasado,los cultivosnunca habrían sobrevividoal verano.

Elosonohabríamuertosi le hubiesenalimentadocorrectamente.

Thebearwouldn'thayediedif it hadbeenfed properly.

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...and the interrogative.

-- - --.....Don'tforgetthegoldenrule:

We NEVEREVERuse "wouId have"atter "it"in a conditionalclause!

¿Habríanatacadosi nohubiesensidoprovocados?

Wouldtheyhaveattackedil theyhadn'tbeenprovoked?

Si la situaciónhubiesesidodiferente,¿ellasehabríaentrometido?

1Ithe situationhadbeendifferent,wouldshehaveinterfered?

¿Lohabríasescritosi nolo hubiesesimaginado? Wouldyouhavewrittenit il youhadn't imaginedit?

Si hubiesesidomásfácil, ¿ellahabríaelegido? 1I it had beeneasier,wouldshe havechosen?

¿Habríasasistidosi nohubiesessidoinvitado? Wouldyouhaveattendedif youhadn'tbeeninvited?

Si sehubieragarantizadola calidad,¿habríaninvertido?

1Iqualityhadbeenguaranteed,wouldtheyhaveinvested?

¿Ellahabríabromeadosi suspadreshubiesenestado?

Wouldshehavejokedil herparentshadbeenthere?

Si hubiesestomadounaaspirina,¿habríacesadoel dolor?

1Iyouhadtakenanaspirin,wouldthe painhavestopped?

¿Habríascocinadosi tu hornosehubieseaveriado?

Wouldyouhavecookedil yourovenhad brokendown?

Si note hubierascomidola manzana,¿sehabríapodrido?

1Iyouhadn'teatentheapple,wouldithaverotted?

¿Élhabríaintervenidosi nohubieseestadoconvencido?

Wouldhehaveintervenedil hehadn'tbeenconvinced?

Si él selo hubieseinventado,¿telo habríastragado? 1Ihehadmadeit up,wouldyouhaveswallowedit?

¿Sehabríahundidoel barcosi nosehubiesechocadocontrael iceberg?

Wouldtheshiphavesunkil ithadn'thit the iceberg?

Si lohubiesesentendido,¿habríasrendidomás? 1Iyou had understood,wouldyouhaveperformedbetter?

Page 86: Conditionals, no problem.pdf

..

A mixed bag of affirmative, negative and interrogative conditionals in both inversions.

Si hubiesesacumuladounasimportantesdeudashace300años,habríasidoa la prisióndedeudores.

If youhadrunup hugedebts300yearsago,youwouldhayegoneto a debtors'prison.

Ellanosehabríatragadola pastillasi hubiesesabidoQueeraletal.

Shewouldn'thayeswallowedthe pill ifshehadknownit wasdeadly.

¿Tehabrías dejadobarba si no hubiesesQueridoque te reconocieran?

Wouldyouhayegrowna beardif youhadnotwantedto berecognised?

Yole habríaestrechadola manosi él hubieseestadomáscerca.

I wouldhayeshakenhis handif hehadbeennearer.

Siyonole hubiesepedido(aella)quemeecharaunamano,nohabríamosterminadoa tiempoparala reunión.

If I hadn'taskedherto lenda hand,wewouldn'thayefinishedin timefor the meeting.

Si el agentehubieseorganizadomejorlascosas,¿tehabríassentidomásrelajado?

If theagenthadarrangedthingsbetter,wouldyouhayefelt morerelaxed?

Si el sol hubiesesalido porel oesteestamañana, me habría sentido algo confuso.

If the sunhadrisenin theWestthismorning,I wouldhayefelt somewhatconfused.

Lacasanosehabríaderrumbadosi elayuntamientohubieseactuadoantes.

Thehousewouldn'thayecollapsedifthe Councilhadactedsooner.

Si la empresate hubiesedespedidode forma

injustificada, ¿la habrías demandado?If thecompanyhadfiredyouwithoutduecause,wouldyouhayetakenthemto court?

Si ella se hubieseequivocado,yo se lo habría dicho. If shehadbeenwrong,I wouldhayetold her.

Noshabríamossentadoenla playamástiemposi nonoshubiéramostenidoqueir.

Wewouldhayesat onthe beachforlongerif wehadn'thadto go.

Ellahabríaperdidomáskilossi hubiesehechomásejercicio.

Shewouldhayelost moreweightif shehaddonemoreexercise.

¿Habríasterminadola carrerauniversitariasihubiesesidomenosdifícil?

Wouldyou hayecompletedyour degreeif it had been less difficult?

- -.. - - -. -- -- - - - -- .-

III

I'--

Don'tforgetthe goldenrule:

We NEVEREVERuse "wouId have"after "if"in a conditionalclause!

.. - - - -. - -- - ----------

Page 87: Conditionals, no problem.pdf

HUBIESEPODIDO= HADBEENABLE10

Él habríarobadomásdinerosi hubiesepodido. Hewouldhayestolen moremoneyif hehad beenable to.

Yohabríainvertidomástiempoenellosihubiesepodido.

I wouldhayespentmoretimeon it if Ihadbeenableto.

Mi madrehabríahechodecangurosihubiesepodido.

Mymotherwouldhayebabysatif shehadbeenableto.

Lajefa habríaimpartidola presentaciónsihubiesepodido.

Thebosswouldhayegiventhepresentationif shehadbeenableto.

Yolohabríamandadoel martessi hubiese

podido.I wouldhayesentit onTuesdayif Ihadbeenableto.

Habríancompradode otro proveedorsihubiesenpodido.

Theywouldhayeboughtfroma differentsupplierif theyhadbeenableto.

Yolo habríaterminadoayersi hubiesepodido. I wouldhayefinishedit yesterdayif Ihadbeenableto.

- ----Don'tforgetthe goldenrule:

We NEVEREVERuse "wouId have"after "if"in a conditionalclause!

.....-------- ---- - - -

Ellahabríavenidoantessi hubiesepodido. Shewouldhayecomeearlier if shehad beenable to.

Yohabría sacadomás dinerosi hubiesepodido. I wouldhayewithdrawnmorecashif Ihadbeenableto.

Habríasido en avión si hubiesespodido. Youwouldhayeflownif youhadbeenableto.

Habríaselegidosi hubiesespodido. Youwouldhayechosenif you had beenable to.

Habríasido si hubiesespodido.

Él lo habría hechosi hubiesepodido.

Youwouldhayegoneif you had beenable to.

Hewouldhayedoneit if hehadbeenableto.

Ellalo habríarobadosi hubiesepodido. Shewouldhayestolenit if shehadbeenableto.

Ellahabríaluchadosi hubiesepodido. Shewouldhayefoughtif shehadbeenableto.

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Heavenhelp us; now the inversion!

Si él hubiesepodidohablar un pocode inglés,se habría apañado.

If hehadbeenableto speaka littleEnglish,hewouldhayegotby.

Si hubiesenpodidoseguir su discurso (deél)no se habrían dormido.

If theyhadbeenableto followhisspeech,theywouldn'thayegoneto sleep.

Si hubiésemospodido ir en coche,habríamosido.

If wehadbeenableto drivethere,wewouldhayegone.

Si el abogadohubiesepodidoestudiar el caso,habrían soltado a su cliente.

If the lawyerhadbeenableto studythecase,his clientwouldhayebeenreleased.

Si hubiesepodidoirmeantes,habríallegadoa tiempo.

If I hadbeenableto leaveearlier,Iwouldhayagotthereontime.

Si hubiesenpodidoencontrarunteléfono,habríanllamadoparapedirayuda.

If theyhadbeenableto find atelephone,theywouldhayecalledfor help.

Siella hubiesepodidohacersu declaracióndelarenta,nohabríacontratadoun asesor.

If shehadbeenableto dohertaxreturn,shewouldn'thayahireda financialadvisor.

Si él hubiesepodidorecordarsu nombre(de ella),no habría hechoel ridículo.

If hehadbeenableto rememberhername,hewouldn'thayemadea foolof himself.

Siyohubiesepodidoavisarte,lo habríahecho. If I hadbeenableto letyouknow,I wouldhayedoneso.

Si el gobiernohubiesepodidoprevereldesastre,habría tomado medidas preventivas.

If the governmenthadbeenableto foreseethedisaster,it wouldhavetakenpreventativemeasures.

Siella hubiesepodidonadar,nosehabríaahogado.

If shehadbeenableto swim,shewouldn'thayadrowned.

Si él hubiesepodidodescifrar el código,se habría forrado.

If hehadbeenableto crackthecode,hewouldhayemadea fortune.

Siél hubiesepodidojugar,lo habríahecho. If he had beenable to play, hewouldhayedoneso.

Don'tforgetthe goldenrule:

We NEVEREVERuse "wouldhave" atter "it"in a conditionalclause!

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ContractionsNinguna de las frases siguientes se puede utilizar en el lenguaje escrito. Se incluyen sim-plemente para daros una idea de cómo hablan los angloparlantes.

Wouldhaye se contrae 'd haye pero a la hora de hablar decimos 'd'Yeque se pro-nuncia "dof" y despuésde una consonante "udof".

Wouldn't'yese pronuncia wouldn'tof.

"Had" también se contrae 'd ¡así que no te líes!

Practica leyendo la siguiente lista:

!'d've spokento you if I'd known.

She'd've slowed down if she'd known about the bend.

Manchester United'd've won the cup if they'd had better players.

Shareprices'd've goneup if the result'd beenbetter.

Mycat'd've got run over if it'd crossedthe road.

The printer'd've stoppedif we'd had a powercut.

Thetrees'd've blowndownif there'd beena hurricane.

I'd've kept phoningif I'd had time.

He'd've resignedif the problem'dgot worse.

We'd've made much more money if we'd been smarter.

The book'd've been a success if it'd been well marketed.

Hewouldn't've doneso well if he hadn't trained.

! wouldn't've madethe bedif you hadn't askedme.

Thefoodwouldn't've all beeneaten if fewer peoplehad come.

Thesun wouldn't've comeout if it'd beencloudy.

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Hewouldn't'vegotwet if hehadn'tstoodbythe fountain.

Yourcoffeewouldn't'vegotcoldif you'ddrunkit.

Thebeggarwouldn't'vegotanymoneyif hehadn'tasked.

I wouldn't'vegotthemmixedupif theyhadn'tbeenidenticaltwins.

Shewouldn't'veleft himif she'dlovedhim.

Thefire'd'vekilledthemif the firemenhadn'tarrived.

I'd've understoodif you'dhada goodreason.

We'd'veleft earlierif we'dknownaboutthe roadworks.

I'd'vestudiedharderif I'd hadmoredemandingteachers.

Ahora repasatodas las páginasdedicadas al tercer condicional

e intenta leerlas utilizando las contracciones.

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TheSameVerbTwice

Si te hubiesepodidoayudar,lo habríahecho.

Weexpress this in English as follows:

1I I could have helped you, I would have.

Note "could have" is more common here than "had been able to".

Let's try a few more:

Si yo hubiese podido ir, habría ido. If I could have gone, I wouldhaye.

If I couldhavecalled,I wouldhaye.Siyohubiesepodidollamar,lo habríahecho.

Si yo hubiesepodidoavisarte, lo habría hecho. If I couldhaveletyouknow,I wouldhaye.

Si yo lo hubiesepodidocomprar, lo habría comprado. If I couldhaveboughtit, I wouldhaye.

Si yo lo hubiesepodidovender,lo habría hecho. If I couldhavesold it, I wouldhaye.

Si él hubiesepodidohacerlo, lo habría hecho. If hecouldhavedoneit, hewouldhaye.

Si él hubiesepodidovenir, habría venido. If hecouldhavecome,hewouldhaye.

Si ella hubiesepodidosalir,habríasalido. If shecouldhavegoneout,shewouldhaye.

And now the other way around:

Yo habría ido si hubiese podido. I wouldhayegoneif I couldhave.

Yo lo habría hechosi hubiesepodido. I wouldhayedoneit if I couldhave.

Yohabríallamadosi hubiesepodido. I wouldhayecalledif I couldhave.

Yo te habría avisadosi hubiesepodido. I wouldhayeletyouknowif I couldhave.

Yo lo habría compradosi hubiesepodido. I wouldhayeboughtit if I couldhave.

Yo lo habría vendidosi hubiesepodido.

Él lo habría hechosi hubiesepodido.

Él habría venidosi hubiesepodido.

I wouldhayesoldit if I couldhave.

Hewouldhayedoneit if hecouldhave.

Hewouldhayecomeif hecouldhave.

.1

¿ -

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OR...

Si pudiera,te ayudaría.

We expressthis in English as follows:

If I could have, I wouldhavehelpedyou.

Here we go then!

Si yo hubiese podido, habría ido. 11I could have, I would hayegone.

Si yo hubiese podido, habría llamado. 11I could have, I would hayecalled.

Si yo hubiese podido, habría estado allí. 11I could have, I would hayebeen there.

Si yo hubiese podido, lo habría comprado. 11I could have, I would hayebought it.

Si yo hubiese podido, lo habría vendido. 11I could have, I would hayesold it.

Si yo hubiese podido, lo habría hecho. 11I could have, I would hayedone it.

Si él hubiese podido, habría venido. 11he could have, he would hayecome.

Si ella hubiese podido, habría salido. 11she could have, she would hayegone out.

Si ella hubiese podido, lo habría roto. 11she could have, she would hayebrokenit.

110

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TwoEdifyingStories

A continuación, encontrarásdos cuentos escritos a basede preguntasen el condicionalde pasado.

La idea es respondersiempre afirmativamente y contestar de la forma más completa.Aunque las respuestasno resulten muy naturales, es una manera muy eficaz para trabajar

esta estructura.

Por ejemplo, si la pregunta es:

If you had been born in 1900, wouldyou have been 50 in 1950?

La respuestaque buscamossería:

Yes,if I had been born in 1900, I would have been 50 in 1950.

Las respuestasestán al final del libro.

1

1~~

1 1

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Mozart,theAbsent-mindedServant&theHighwayman

1Iyouhadbeenbornin 1756,wouldyouhayebeena contemporaryof Mozart's?

1Iyouhadbeena contemporaryof Mozart's,wouldyouhayewantedto seehim in concert?

1Iyouhadwantedto seehim in concert,wouldyouhayesentyourabsent-mindedservantto buytickets?

1Iyouhadsentyourabsent-mindedservantto buytickets,wouldhehayegotdistractedbya largecrowdgatheringinthe centralsquare?

1Ihehadgotdistractedbya largecrowd,wouldhehayebeencuriousto knowwhyit hadgathered?

1Ihehadbeencuriousaboutthecrowd,wouldhehayepushedhiswayintothe middleof it?

1Ihehadpushedhiswayintothe middleof thecrowd,wouldhehayeseenthe scaffold(patíbulo)?

1Ihehadseena scaffold,wouldhehayerealisedwhatwasaboutto happen?

1Ihehadrealisedwhatwasaboutto happen,wouldhehayestayedto watchthe execution?

1Ihehadstayedto watchtheexecution,wouldhehayewantedto buya souvenirprogramme?

1Ihehadwantedto buya programme,wouldhehayespentthe moneyyouhadgivenhimfor the Mozarttickets?

1Ihehadspentthe moneyyouhadgivenhimfor the Mozarttickets,wouldyouhayehadto goto theconcerthallyourself?

1Iyouhadhadto goto theconcerthallyourself,wouldyouhayetravelledbysedanchair?

1Iyouhadtravelledbysedanchair,wouldyouhayebeenrobbedbyan armedhighwayman(bandelero)?

1Iyouhadbeenrobbedbyan armedhighwayman,wouldyouhayelostall yourmoney?

1Iyou had lost all your money,wouldyouhaye missed Mozartlive?

1IyouhadmissedMozartlive in concert,wouldyouhayeboughtthe CD?

Moral01the story:Don'ttry to buyCDsin the eighteenthcentury!

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Don'tForgettheSquirrels!If youhadgoneto the parklast weekend,wouldyouhayatakensomebreadwith you?

If youhadtakensomebreadwith you,wouldyouhayafedtheducks?

If youhadfedtheducks,wouldthesquirrelhayagotjealous?

If the squirrelhadgotjealous,wouldit hayamadea lot of noise?

If the squirrelhadmadea lot of noise,wouldyouhayaturnedyourheadtowardsit?

If youhadturnedyourheadtowardsthe squirrel,wouldit hayaknownyouwerelookingat it?

If the squirrelhadknownyouwerelookingat it, wouldit hayadecidedto teachyoua lesson?

If the squirrelhaddecidedto teachyoua lesson,wouldit hayarunupverycloseto you?

If it hadrunupverycloseto you,wouldyouhayathought"howsweet,whata lovelysquirrel"?

If youhadthought"howsweet,whata lovelysquirrel",wouldyouhayaheldyourarmouttowardsit?

If youhadextendedyourarmouttowardsthesquirrel,wouldit hayastolenyourwatch?

If thesquirrelhadstolenyourwatch,wouldyouhayachasedafter it?

If youhadchasedafterthesquirrel,wouldit hayarunupto a tree?

If it hadrunupto a tree,wouldit hayaclimbedthetree?

If it hadclimbedthetree,wouldyouhayaclimbedafter it?

If youhadclimbedafter it, wouldthesquirrelhayahiddenin a holein thetreetrunkat thetopof thetree?

If thesquirrelhadhiddenin a holein the treetrunkat the topof the tree,wouldyouhayagivenupthechase?

If youhadgivenupthechase,wouldyouhayatriedto climbdownthetree?

If youhadtriedto climbdownthe tree,wouldyouhayarealisedit wasimpossible?

If youhadrealisedit wasimpossible,wouldyouhayashoutedfor help?

If you had shoutedfor help, wouldsomeonehayaheardyou?

If someonehadheardyouwouldhehayecalledthe firemen?

If hehadcalledthe firemen,wouldyouhayebeenrescued?

Moralofthe story:Neyerforgetto feedthe squirrels!

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A Questionof Logic

A continuación, encontrarás una serie de afirmaciones expresadasen pasado.Vamosa cambiar la historia, creando un pasadoalternativo o irreal. Comose tratade un pasadoficticio, lo describiremos a través del "filtro" del pasado perfecto,

dando un paso hacia atrás en el tiempo.

Hay que imaginar lo que habría pasadosi las cosas hubiesen sido diferentes.

Por ejemplo, si la frase es la siguiente:

I quit my job because I found a better one.

se convertiría en:

Youwouldn't have quit your job if you hadn't found a better one.

El truco es cambiar un verbo en form"aafirmativa por un verbo en forma negativayviceversa.

La cláusula despuésde "because" se convierte en la cláusula con "if".

Las respuestasestán al final del libro.

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SwedesandStrikes

I set myalarmat 5:00a.m.becauseI hadto getupearly.

I hadto getupearlybecauseI hadto leavethe houseat 6:00a.m.

I hadto leavethehouseat 6:00a.m.becauseI wantedto catchanearlytrain.

I wantedto catchanearlytrain becauseI neededto beat myofficeby8:00a.m.

I neededto beat myofficeby8:00a.m.becausetherewasan urgentmeeting.

Therewasan urgentmeetingbecausetheworkerswereonstrike.

Theworkerswereonstrikebecausetheydidn'tagreewith the management.

Theydidn't agreewith the managementbecausetheyhadto worktoomanyhours.

Theyhadto worktoomanyhoursbecauseeveryonewantedto buythe cartheymanufactured.

Everyonewantedto buythecartheymanufacturedbecauseit wassupportedbya successfuladvertisingcampaign.

It wassupportedbya successfuladvertisingcampaignbecausethecompanyusedthebestadvertisingcompany.

Thecompanyusedthe bestadvertisingcompanybecauseoneday,thecarcompany'sGeneralDirectorplayedgolfwiththeGeneralDirectorof the advertisingcompany.

Thecarcompany'sGeneralDirectorplayedgolfwiththe GeneralDirectorof the advertisingcompanybecausehewentonholidayto Marbella.

Hewentonholidayto Marbellabecausehiswife hadfamilythere.

Hiswife hadfamilyin Marbellabecauseshewasbornthere.

HiswifewasborntherebecauseherparentsemigratedfromSweden.

HerparentsemigratedfromSwedenbecauseit wasparticularlycoldtherein thewinterof 1948.

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TwoVerbsintheSameClause

Wheneveryou have two verbs being done at the same time they should both go in the sa-me tense or formo As long as the subject is the same for both verbs it is not necessarytorepeat the auxiliary verbs or subject. We simply link them with the word uand".

If hecomesand seesmeonSaturday,wewillmakea decision.

If I wentandaskedthe bankfor a loan,I wouldbea bit nervous.

If hehadI!oneandboul!htthe car,hewouldhayebeenableto go.

If ourplanschange,I willcall vouandletvouknow.

If llived nearerthefootballground,I wouldgoandwatchall the matches.

If hehadsaidthat, I wouldhayerunupto himandconl!ratulatedhim.

If youI!Oandbuvthat newdress,I willbeangry.

If theycarneandcausedproblems,I wouldphonethe Police.

If shehadchangedhermindandgonelater,I wouldhayebeenworried.

If I sendthe Ietler, shewillreadit andthink I amcrazy.

If hefoundthetreasure,hewouldiumDup anddownandhUI!me.

If youhadturnedonyourcomputer,youwouldhayereadthe messal!eandrealized.

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-.

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¿Elqué?

Zero Conditional Explanation

If it rains, I carry an umbrella.

Se forma:

If + present simple + present simple

El condicional "cero" es el más fácil de todos.

Se usa cuando hablamos de cómo reaccionamos ante ciertas circunstancias siempre de la misma manera.

La palabra if casi siempre puede sustituirse por "whenever" or "when" en un condicional "cero".

If it rains, I carry an umbrella. Whenever it rains, I carry an umbrella.

Si llueve, me llevo un paraguas. Siempre que llueve, me llevo unparaguas.

Porser el másfácil, ¡es el que menos se utiliza!

2

-- --

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".

Nevertheless,let's look at some examples, mixingaffirmatives, negatives and interrogatives.

f,

IWhenever it's cold, 1turn on the heating. 11it's eold,I turn onthe heating.

Whenthetraffic is bad,1getangry. 11thetraffie is bad,I getangry.

WheneverI'm hungrymid-morning,1eat an apple. 111'mhungrymid-morning,I eatan apple.

"

rI

Whenf have a cold,1alwaystake anaspirin. 11I havea eold,I alwaystakeanaspirin.

Whenit's Christmas,1alwaysavoidthe city centre. 11it's Christmas,I alwaysavoidtheeitycentre.

When1don't like someone,they canalwaystell. 11I don't likesomeone,theycanalwaystell.

When shedoesn'tcallme,1never worry. 11shedoesn'tcall me,I neverworry.

Whenit's dark outside,1pre1er to drive to the station. If it's darkoutside,I preferto driveto thestation.

Whatdoyoudowhenthe machinestops? Whatdoyoudoi1the machinestops?

Where-doyougowhenyouhave1iveminutes? Wheredoyou go i1you havefive minutes?

Whodoesthe operationswhenyou'renot here? Whodoesthe operationsi1you're not here?

1don't go outwhenI'm tired. I don'tgoout i1I'm tired.

Heeatshiswi1e's100dwhenshe'snothungry. Heeatshiswife'sfoodi1she'snothungry.

Howmuchdoyouneedwhenyougo bytaxi? Howmuch doyou needi1you go by taxi?

Whenever1have thedayoff, it alwaysrains. 11I havethedayoff, it alwaysrains.

Whenit's an emergency,they usethe siren. 11it's anemergency,theyusethesiren.

Whenyou'rein a rush,someonealwayscalls. 11you'rein a rush,someonealwayscalls.

Whena beestingsyou,it hurts. 11a beestingsyou,it hurts.\

When it's important,1write it down in my diary. 11it's important,I writeit downin mydiary.

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CommonExpressionswith the ZeroConditional

If you don't like it, you don't have to eat it!

If you don't like it, you can always look for another job.

If you don't work hard, you never get anywhere.

If you don't believe in something, it shows.

If you don't have enough money, you can always ask the bank.

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Respuestaspara TheRain and its TerribleConsequences

If it rainstomorrow,I willstayat home.

If I stayat home,mybosswillbeangry.

If mybossis angry,hewilltire mewhenI gobackto work.

If hetires me,I willhavetroublepayingmymortgage.

If I havetroublepayingmymortgage,I will losemyhouse.

If Ilose myhouse,I willbetorcedto sleepundera bridge.

If I amtorcedto sleepundera bridge,I willgetcoldat night.

If I getcoldat night, I willstart drinkingginto keepwarm.

If I start drinkinggin everynight, I willbecomean alcoholic.

If I becomean alcoholic,I willstealin orderto buymoredrink.

If I stea1,I willbearrested.

If I'marresteddrunk,I willgocrazy.

If I gocrazy,I willkill the policemanwhoarrestsme.

If I kill the policemanwhoarrestsme,I willbesummonedto court.

If I'm summonedto court,I willbetried.

If I'm tried, I willbesentenced.

If I'm sentenced,I willgoto prison.

If I goto prison,I willgetdepressed.

If I getdepressed,I willteellike endingit all.

If I teellike endingit all, I willcommitsuicide.

If I commitsuicide,I willbeunableto goto Heaven.

If I cannotgoto Heaven,I willgoto Hell.

If I goto Hell,I willsuffertormentstor all eternity.

If I suffertormentstor all eternity,I willgoto workthe nexttime it rains.

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Respuestas para Steve's Hamburger Binge

If Steve has the day off on Saturday,he willfeel good.

If he feels good,he willdecide to treat himself.

If he decides to treat himself,he willdecide to go to a burgerjoint.

If he decides to go to a burgerjoint, he willhave a hamburger.

If he has one hamburger, he will have another one.

If he has two hamburgers, he will have five more.

If he stuffs himself with seven hamburgers, he will start to feel funny.

If he starts to feel funny, he will be violently sick.

If he is violently sick, he will collapse.

If he collapses, everyone in the burger joint will scream.

If everyone in the burger joint screams, an employee will run to see what is happening.

Ifan employeeruns to see what is happening, she willtry to help Steve.

Ifshe tries to help Steve, she willrealise howbad he is.

Ifshe realises howbad he is, she willcall an ambulance.

Ifshe calls an ambulance on a Saturday night, it willtake a longtime to arrive.

If it takes a long time to arrive, Steve's condition will get worse.

If Steve's condition gets worse, he will have a heart attack.

If he has a heart attack, he willhave a bypass operation.

If he has a bypass operation,he willbe in hospital for three months.

If he's in hospital for three months, he willmiss his girlfriend'snephew'schristening.

Ifhe misses his girlfriend'snephew'schristening, she willmeet someoneelse.

Ifshe meets someoneelse, Steve willget depressed.

IfSteve gets depressed, he willstart eating compulsivelyto make himselffeel better.

If he starts eating compulsivelyto make himselffeel better, he willhave another heart attack.

Ifhe has anotherheartattack,he willdie.

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Respuestas para Vieious Gire/e!

If I wereextremelytall, I wouldhaveproblemswith legroom.

If I hadproblemswith legroom,I wouldneedto buya specialcar.

If I hadto buya specialcar,it wouldbeveryexpensive.

If thecarwerereallyexpensive,I wouldhaveproblemspayingfor it.

If I hadproblemspayingfor ¡t, I wouldneedto lookfor a secondjob.

If I hadto lookfor a secondjob, I wouldapplyto bea waiter.

If I appliedto bea waiter,I wouldendupworkingbehinda bar.

If I endedupworkingbehinda bar,I wouldkeepbangingmyheadonthe shelves.

If I keptbangingmyheadonthe shelves,I wouldendupcuttingmyself.

If I endedupcuttingmyself,I wouldhaveto goto hospital.

If I hadto goto hospital,I wouldhaveto havesurgery.

If I hadto havesurgery,I wouldbeoff workfor sixweeks.

If I wereoff workfor sixweeks,I wouldlosemysecondjob.

If Ilost mysecondjob, I wouldbeunableto paythe monthlyinstallmentsonmyspecialcaro

If I wereunableto paythe monthlyinstallmentsonmyspecialcar,the bankwouldtake it awayfromme.

If the banktookmyspecialcarawayfromme,I wouldhaveto takepublictransporto

If I hadto takepublictransport,I wouldfeelveryuncomfortablesittingdown.

If I felt veryuncomfortablesitting down,I wouldstandonthe train.

If I stoodonthetrain, I wouldkeepbangingmyhead.

If I keptbangingmyhead,I wouldendupcuttingmyself.

If I endedupcuttingmyself,I wouldhaveto goto hospital.

If I hadto goto hospital,I wouldhaveto havesurgery.

If.. .

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Respuestaspara Goodand 8ad Luck!

If I wonsomemoneyonthe lottery,I wouldbuya biggercaro

If 1boughta biggercar,I wouldhavemoreproblemsfindinga parkingspace.

If I hadmoreproblemsfindinga parkingspace,I wouldparkiIIegally.

If I parkedillegally,mycarwouldbetowedaway.

If mycarweretowedaway,I wouldthink it hadbeenstolen.

If I thoughtmycarhadbeenstolen,I wouldphonethe Poiice.

If I phonedthe Police,theywouldtell mewhereto pickup mycaro

If the Poiicetold mewhereto pickupmycar,I wouldgothereimmediately.

If I wentto thecarpound,I wouldgobytaxi.

If I wentbytaxi, it wouldcosta fortune.

If it costa fortune,I wouldbeangry.

If I wereangry,I wouldrefuseto paythefine to recovermycaro

If I refusedto paythe fine, I wouldhaveto goto court.

If I hadto goto court,I wouldendup payinga biggerfine.

If I endedup payinga biggerfine, I wouldhavelessmoneythan beforewinningthe lottery.

If I hadlessmoneythan beforeI wonthe lottery,I wouldstart buyinglotsof lotterytickets.

If I startedbuyinglotsof lotterytickets,I wouldloseall the moneyI hado

If Ilost all the moneyI had,I wouldstart sellingall myfurniture.

If I soldall myfurniture,I wouldhaveto sit onthefloor.

If I hadto sit onthefloor,I woulddecideto stopdoingthe lottery.

If I decidedto stopdoingthe lottery,the numbersI alwayschosewouldwinthe big prize.

If the numbersI alwayschosewonthebig prize.I wouldfeel slightlysilly.

If ...

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Respuestas para Impossible Situation

Youwouldn'tlivefar fromtheeityif youeouldaffordto livenearit.

Youcouldaffordto livenearit if youearnedmoremoney.

Youwouldearnmoremoneyif youhada goodjob.

Youwouldhavea goodjob if youdidn'tworkonlyonSaturdays.

Youwouldn'tworkonlyonSaturdaysif youwereableto geta full-timejob.

Youcouldgeta full-timejob if somebodywantedto hireyou.

Somebodywouldwantto hireyouif youweren'tsougly.

Youwouldn'tbesouglyif youdidn't havea veryunusualfaee.

Youwouldn'thavea veryunusualfaeeif yourheadweren'texeeptionallysmall.

Yourheadwouldn'tbeexeeptionallysmallif youdidn't usuallywashyourselfin thewashingmaehine.

Youwouldn'tusuallywashyourselfin thewashingmaehineif youhadenoughroomfor a washingmaehineanda bath.

Youwouldhaveenoughroomfor a washingmaehineanda bathif yourflat weren'ttiny.

Yourflat wouldn'tbetiny if itweren'tsituatedin the middleof a motorway.

Yourflat wouldn'tbésituatedin themiddleof the motorwayif youdidn't refuseto sell it to the motorwaymanagementeompany.

Youwouldn'trefuseto sellyourflat to the motorwaymanagementeompanyif youwereableto getto yourlawyer's.

Youwouldbeableto getto yourlawyer'sif youwereableto erossthe motorway.

Youwouldbeableto erossthe motorwayif thetraffieweren'talwaysverybusy.

Thetraffiewouldn'talwaysbebusyif the motorwayweren'tfamous.

Themotorwaywouldn'tbefamousif the manwith thesmallestheadin theworlddidn't live in the middleof it.

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Respuestaspara Mozart, the Absent-mindedServant& the Highwayman

If I hadbeenbornin 1756,I wouldhayebeena contemporaryof Mozart's.

If I hadbeena contemporaryof Mozart's,I wouldhayewantedto seehim in concert.

If I hadwantedto seehim in concert,I wouldhayesentmyabsent-mindedservantto buytickets.

If I hadsentmyabsent-mindedservantto buytickets,hewouldhayegotdistractedbya largecrowdgatheringin thecentralsQuare.

If hehadgotdistractedbya largecrowd,hewouldhayebeencuriousto knowwhyit hadgathered.

If hehadbeencuriousaboutthecrowd,hewouldhayepushedhiswayintothe middleof it.

If hehadpushedhiswayintothe middleof thecrowd,hewouldhayeseenthe scaffold(patíbulo).

If hehadseenthescaffold,hewouldhayerealisedwhatwasaboutto happen.

If hehadrealisedwhatwasaboutto happen,hewouldhayestayedto watchtheexecution.

If hehadstayedto watchtheexecution,hewouldhayewantedto buya souvenirprogramme.

If hehadwantedto buya souvenirprogramme,hewouldhayespentthe moneyI hadgivenhimfor theMozarttickets.

If hehadspentthe moneyI hadgivenhimfor theMozarttickets,I wouldhayehadto goto theconcerthall myself.

If I hadhadto goto theconcerthall myself,I wouldhayetravelledbysedanchair.

If I hadtravelledbysedanchair,I wouldhayebeenrobbedbyan armedhighwayman.

If I hadbeenrobbedbyanarmedhighwayman,I wouldhayelostall mymoney.

If I hadlostall mymoney,I wouldhayemissedMozart"Iive". (Sepronuncia"Iaiv")

If I hadmissedMozart"Iive", I wouldhayeboughttheCD!?

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Respuestas para Don't ForgettheSquirrels!

If I hadgoneto the park,I wouldhayetakensomebreadwith me.

If I hadtakensomebreadwith me,I wouldhayefed theducks.

If I hadfed theducks,the squirrelwouldhayegotjealous.

If the squirrelhadgotjealous,it wouldhayemadea lot of noise.

If thesquirrelhadmadea lot of noise,I wouldhayeturnedmyheadtowardsit.

If I hadturnedmyheadtowardsthesquirrel,it wouldhayeknownI waslookingat it.

If the squirrelhadknownI waslookingat ¡t, it wouldhayedecidedto teachmea lesson.

If thesquirrelhaddecidedto teachmea lesson,it wouldhayerunupverycloseto me.

If thesquirrelhadrunupverycloseto me,I wouldhayethought"howsweet,whata lovelysquirrel".

If I hadthought"howsweet,whata lovelysQuirrel",I wouldhayeheldmyarmoutto it.

If I hadheldmyarmoutto thesquirrel,it wouldhayestolenmywatch.

If it hadstolenmywatch,I wouldhayechasedafter it.

If I hadchasedafterthe squirrel,it wouldhayerunupto a tree.

If thesquirrelhadrunupto a tree,it wouldhayeclimbedit.

If it hadclimbedthe tree,I wouldhayeclimbedafter it.

If I hadclimbedafter it, thesquirrelwouldhayehiddenin a holein thetreetrunkat the topof thetree.

If thesquirrelhadhiddenin a holein thetreetrunkat the topof the tree,I wouldhayegivenupthechase.

If I hadgivenupthechase,I wouldhayetriedto climbdownthe tree.

If I hadtriedto climbdownthetree,I wouldhayerealisedit wasimpossible.

If I hadrealisedit wasimpossible,I wouldhayeshoutedfor help.

If I hadshoutedfor help,someonewouldhayeheardme.

If someonehadheardme,theywouldhayecalledthefiremen.

If theyhadcalledthe firemen,1wouldhayebeenrescued.

II

1-"""~I II .. ~ .

l. i

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Respuestaspara Swedes and Strikes

..

Youwouldn'thayesetyouralarmat 5:00a.m.if youhadn'thadto getupearly.

Youwouldn'thayehadto getup earlyif youhadn'thadto leavethe houseat 6:00a.m.

Youwouldn'thayehadto leavethe houseat 6:00a.m.if youhadn'twantedto catchanearlytrain.

Youwouldn'thayewantedto catchanearlytrain if youhadn'tneededto beat yourofficeby8:00a.m.

Youwouldn'thayeneededto beat yourofficeby8:00a.m.if therehadn'tbeenan urgentmeeting.

Therewouldn'thayebeenan urgentmeetingif theworkershadn'tbeenonstrike.

Theworkerswouldn'thayebeenonstrikeif theyhadagreedwith the management.

Theywouldhayeagreedwiththe managementif theyhadn'thadto worksomanyhours.

Theywouldn'thayehadto worksomanyhoursif everyonehadn'twantedto buythecartheymanufactured.

Everyonewouldn'thayewantedto buythecar theymanufacturedif it hadn'tbeensupportedbya successfuladvertisingcampaign.

It wouldn'thayebeensupportedbya successfuladvertisingcampaignif thecompanyhadn'tusedthe bestadvertisingcompany.

Thecompanywouldn'thayeusedthe bestadvertisingcompanyif thecar-companyGeneralDirectorhadn'tplayedgolfwith theGeneralDirectorof theadvertisingcompanyoneday.

Thecar-companyGeneralDirectorwouldn'thayeplayedgolfwiththe GeneralDirectorof theadvertisingcompanyif hehadn'tgoneonholidayto Marbella.

Hewouldn'thayegoneon holidayto Marbellaif his wifehadn'thadfamilythere.

Hiswife wouldn'thayehadfamilythereif shehadn'tbeenbornthere.

Shewouldn'thayebeenbornin Marbellaif herparentshadn'temigratedfromSweden.

Herparentswouldn'thayeemigratedfromSwedenif it hadn'tbeenparticularlycoldtherein thewinterof 1948.