condenser 2

8/6/2019 Condenser 2

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THAKUR SHAKEEL

09162

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING


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WHAT IS A CONDENSOR?

The condensers are heat exchangers which

convert steam from its gaseous to its liquidstate at a pressure below atmospheric

pressure.


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PURPOSE

In thermal power plants, the purpose of a

surface condenser is to condense the exhauststeam from a steam turbine to convert the

steam into pure water so that it may be reused

in the steam generator or boiler as boiler feed

water.


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DIAGRAM OF WATER-COOLED

CONDENSER:


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THREE STAGES OF

CONDENSATION Desuperheating

Condensation

Sub-cooling


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DE-SUPERHEATING

Desuperheating, sometimes called

attemperation or steam conditioning, is

the reduction of gas temperature.

Its most common purpose is to reduce

the temperature from a steam through

the direct contact with the water.


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CONDENSATION

Condensation is the change of the

physical state of matter from gaseousphase into liquid phase, and is the

reverse of evaporation.


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SUB-COOLING

Sub-cooling is done for to avoid pump

cavitations or destruction of pump.


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PARTS OF CONDENSER:

SHELL

VACUUM SYSTEM

TUBE SHEETS

TUBES

WATER BOXES


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Condenser

(shell) The shell is the condenser's outermost body

and contains the heat exchanger tubes.

The shell is fabricated from carbon steel platesand is stiffened as needed to provide rigidityfor the shell.

When required by the selected design,intermediate plates are installed to serve asbaffle plates that provide the desired flow pathof the condensing steam.


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Condenser

(shell)PURPOSE:

It protects the tubes from the outer dust

particles.

The plates are also provided to prevent

sagging of long tubes called as baffle.


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Condenser

(vacuum system)

For water-cooled surface condensers, the

shell's internal vacuum is most commonly

supplied and maintained by an

external steam jet ejector system.


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Condenser

(vacuum system)PURPOSE:

An ejector system uses steam as themotive fluid to remove any non-

condensable gases that may be present in

the surface condenser.


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Condenser

(tube sheets)PURPOSE:

These tube sheets have holes for the tubes

to be inserted and rolled.

Because of the rolled tubes another cycle

of condensation take place and more heat

rejection can be done.


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Condenser

(tubes)

Generally the tubes are made of stainless

steel, copper alloys such as brass or

bronze, copper nickel, or titanium

depending on several

selection criteria.


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Condenser

(tubes)PURPOSE:

These are the flow path for the water.

Because of the good thermal conductivityof stainless steel, tubes absorbs largeamount of heat from the steam.

And that heat absorbs by the water comingin the condenser.


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CONDENSER

(WATERB

OXES)

The tube sheet at each end

with tube ends rolled, for

each end of the condenser is closed by afabricated box cover known as a waterbox,with flanged connection to the tube sheet orcondenser shell.

The waterbox is usually provided with manholes on hinged covers to allow inspection andcleaning.


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Limitations

CORROSION

HUGE SPACE


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CORROSION

The tubes, the tube sheets

and the water boxes may be

made up of materials having different

compositions and are always in contactwith circulating water.

This water, depending on its chemicalcomposition, will act as

an electrolyte between the metalliccomposition of tubes and water boxes.

This will give rise to electrolytic corrosion.


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Huge space for arrangement

In industries condenser need huge

space for installations.

Because of large size of Condenser.


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THANK YOU

condenser 2

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