concussions: fact v. fiction

7/24/2019 Concussions: Fact v. Fiction

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Lkjt vs Lejtegn

K pudiejktegn gl tbc



Jgnjussegns

Lkjt vs Lejtegn

]TEXXCN DU

Nejbgiks Ztkrgpgie

Tcsckrjb Kssgjektc, Kacrejkn Jgunjei gn Zjecnjc knh Bckitb

K pudiejktegn gl tbc



Kacrejkn Jgunjei gn Zjecnjc knh Bckitb

;553 Drgkhwky, Zuetc 464

Ncw Ugro, Ncw Ugro ;664:-32<6

Xci. (4;4) :<4-=688 • Lkx (4;4) :<4-85;5

STI0 bttp0//www.kjsb.grm • Cakei0 kjsbFkjsb.grm

Vudiesbcr nkac0 Kacrejkn Jgunjei gn Zjecnjc knh Bckitb

Xetic0 Jgnjussegns0 Lkjt \crsus Lejtegn

Kutbgr0 Nejbgiks Ztkrgpgie

Zud`cjt (mcncrki)0 Zjecnjc knh Bckitb

Vudiejktegn Uckr0 46;<

Denhenm Xypc (e.c. pcrlcjt (sglt) gr bkrhjgvcr)0 Vcrlcjt

EZDN0 5=2-6-55;6633-8-:

Jgvcr eakmc jrchet tg Zbuttcrstgjo.

Jgnjussegns0 Lkjt \crsus Lejtegn. Jgpyrembt © 46;< dy

Kacrejkn Jgunjei gn Zjecnjc knh Bckitb. Kii rembts rcscrvch.

Ng pkrt gl tbes dggo aky dc usch gr rcprghujch en kny akttcr

wbktsgcvcr wetbgut wrettcn pcraessegn cxjcpt en tbc jksc gl drecl

qugtktegns cadghech en jretejki krtejics knh rcvecws. Lgr agrc

enlgraktegn, jgntkjt0



Nemci Dkro A.H.

Kidcrt Censtcen Jgiicmc gl Achejenc

@gnktbkn C. Bgwkrh A.H.

Ncw Ugro Snevcrsety Iknmgnc Achejki Jcntcr

Bkno Jkapdcii

Kacrejkn Jgunjei gn Zjecnjc knh Bckitb

@gsb Digga Vb.H. Kacrejkn Jgunjei gn Zjecnjc knh Bckitb

KjongwichmcacntsXbc Kacrejkn Jgunjei gn Zjecnjc knh Bckitb kpprcjektcs tbc

jgntredutegns gl tbc rcvecwcrs nkach dcigw0



JGNJSZZEGNZ0 LKJX \Z LEJXEGN

3

Xkdic gl Jgntcnts

Entrghujtegn - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - <

;. ]bkt es k jgnjussegn7 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2

4. Krc jgnjussegns gn tbc resc7 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ;6

:. Zehcienc tcsts - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ;4

8. Bciacts knh scnsgrs - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ;<

3. Jkn jgnjussegns dc prcvcntch dy ruic jbknmcs, gr dcttcr jgkjbenm,

trkenenm knh chujktegn7 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ;2

<. Xrcktacnt gptegns ‚ rcki gr pscuhgsjecnjc7 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 46

=. Bgw wc iggo kt jgnjussegns aust jbknmc - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 44

Jgnjiusegn - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 4:

Tclcrcnjcs - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 48




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@cd Vutzecr mrcw up en Ckmic, Ehkbg, wbcrc bc kttcnhch tbc Ckmic Bemb

Zjbggi knh icttcrch en dgtb dksoctdkii knh lggtdkii. Kltcr mrkhuktenm bemb

sjbggi, bc kttcnhch nckrdy Dgesc Ztktc, wbcrc bc wks kdic tg wkio gntg

tbc lggtdkii tcka ks k wehc rcjcevcr. Ks k scnegr bc jgnvcrtch tg tembt cnh

knh sct scvcrki sjbggi rcjcevenm rcjgrhs kt tbc pgsetegn. Bc wks scicjtch

gn tbc rst tcka en tbc Kii ]cstcrn Ktbictej Jgnlcrcnjc knh ich tbc nktegn

en tgujbhgwns kt tbkt pgsetegn. Kltcr mrkhuktegn, bc wks scicjtch en tbc sextb

rgunh gl tbc Nktegnki Lggtdkii Ickmuc (NLI) hrklt dy tbc Hcnvcr Drgnjgs.

Knygnc wbg akocs et entg tbc NLI es cietc, dut cvcn agst kveh lkns

prgdkdiy wgn―t rcacadcr aujb kdgut bes jkrccr. Xbgumb bc ckrnch k

3-yckr $;4.3 aeiiegn lrga tbc Jgigrkhg lrknjbesc bc hehn―t jktjb k trcacn-

hgus nuadcr gl pksscs knh lgunh tbc cnh zgnc gniy spgrkhejkiiy hurenm

scvcn yckrs en prglcssegnki lggtdkii. Kltcr dcenm jut dy Hcnvcr bc pikych

en Bgustgn knh Zckttic, dut bc ncvcr akhc k prg-dgwi knh ncvcr ich tbc

ickmuc en kny ak`gr jktcmgry. Bgwcvcr, tbcrc es gnc stktestej en wbejb @cd

Vutzecr rckiiy hgcs stknh gut0 bc sustkench gvcr gnc tbgusknh jgnjus-

segns gvcr bes cnterc lggtdkii jkrccr.

‒Jgnjussegn― es k wgrh tbkt es gn tbc aenh gl cvcrygnc en spgrts en 46;3,

knh wetb mggh rcksgn0 Et es kn enùry tg gur agst vetki grmkn, tbc drken.

]c ks k sgjecty bkvc dcjgac sg jgnjcrnch kdgut enùrecs tbkt 86 pcrjcnt

gl Kacrejkns wgn―t ict tbcer jbeihrcn piky lggtdkii, k scnteacnt cjbgch

dy Vrcsehcnt Gdkak. Dut et―s ngt ùst lggtdkii wbcrc jgnjussegns krc kn

essuc? agst spgrts, kt kii icvcis, krc stuhyenm bgw tg rchujc tbca.

http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/sports/nfl/2002draft/tes/jebputzier.htm

http://www.nfl.com/player/jebputzier/2504995/profile


http://www.9news.com/story/sports/2015/07/05/jeb-putzier-nfl-brain-injuries/29733075/


http://www.newsmax.com/US/football-poll-concussions-children/2014/01/31/id/550123/


http://www.cbssports.com/nfl/eye-on-football/24414125/president-obama-i-wouldnt-let-my-son-play-pro-football










http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/sports/nfl/2002draft/tes/jebputzier.htm




=

Hcspetc tbc mrgwenm kttcntegn, tbcrc es aujb yct tg dc ickrnch kdgut

jgnjussegn. Huc tg cxkmmcrktch jikeas (k jgapkny jkiich JcrcZjkn skys

tbcy hctcjtch ’envesedic‑ en`urecs en Vutzecr, knh lgr tbcrc tg dc ;,666

jgnjussegns en scvcn yckrs, bc bks tg bkvc mgttcn gnc kiagst cvcry hky

gl tbc scksgn, enjiuhenm hurenm trkenenm jkaps), wbkt tbc pudiej dciecvcs

kdgut jgnjussegns es gltcn lkr hecrcnt tbkn achejki knh sjecntej

tbenoenm. En khhetegn, sgac jcicdretecs knh spgrts stkrs bkvc kisg jgntred-

utch tg tbc jgnlusegn gl tbc pudiej dy pusbenm prghujts wetb unsudstknte-

ktch dcncts. Xbus, wc krc stkrtenm tg scc tbc skics gl hcvejcs sujb ks eapkjtscnsgrs, spcjekiezch bciacts, knh spcjeki bckienm jbkadcrs. Zgac gl tbcsc

aky dc usclui, dut akny weii cetbcr dc uscicss, hknmcrgus, gr dgtb. Jickriy,

akroctcrs krc tryenm tg prgt lrga rkesch kwkrcncss gl jgnjussegns.

Zgac mrgups krc khvesenm jkutegn rcmkrhicss gl tbc unjickr stktc gl

sgac gl tbc sjecnjc? en Ngvcadcr gl 46;3, S.Z. Zgjjcr, tbc mgvcrnenm

dghy lgr tbc spgrt pikych dy agrc tbkn tbrcc aeiiegn oehs en tbc Snetch

Ztktcs, stktch tbcrc sbguih dc ng bckhenm lgr kny pikycrs kmc ;6 knh unhcr.

Bgw aujb jkutegn es wkrrkntch7 Xbkt―s k puzzic kiagst ks jgapicx ks

jgnjussegns tbcascivcs.

http://www.cnn.com/2015/11/10/health/us-youth-soccer-concussions/





2

;]bkt es kJgnjussegn7

K trkuaktej drken en`ury (XDE) es jbkrkjtcrezch dy k vegicnt agvcacnt

gl tbc drken ensehc tbc jrkneua, wbejb rcsuits en hesjcrnkdic jbknmcstg tbc lunjtegn gl tbc drken wetbgut hctcjtkdic jbknmcs tg ets strujturc.

Jgnjussegns krc mcncrkiiy tbgumbt gl ks aeih XDEs dcjkusc tbcy krc ngt

ielc tbrcktcnenm, tbgumb ks wc bkvc sccn en ktbictcs knh gtbcrs, tbcy jkn

dc scvcrciy ielc kitcrenm.

@uiec Meijbrest, A.H., gl tbc Snetch Ztktcs Jcntcrs lgr Hescksc Jgntrgi

knh Vrcvcntegn, hcncs k jgnjussegn ks ’k jbknmc en tbc wky tbc drken

lunjtegns‑, wbejb jkn ackn kiagst knytbenm. Xg-hktc, tbcrc es ng ongwn

gr hctcjtkdic pbysejki ncurgigmejki kdngrakiety en tbc drken tbkt es

spcjej lgr k jgnjussegn.

Jgnjussegns jknngt dc hekmngsch wetb kny sgrt gl sjkn (JX, ATE, R-Tky,

ctj.) dut tbc ngtegn tbkt tbcy jkn pcrsests kagnm dgtb tbc mcncrki pudiej,

knh pbysejekns ks wcii. Xbc Kacrejkn Kjkhcay gl Ncurgigmy muehciencs

stktch en 46;:0 ’JX eakmenm sbguih ngt dc usch tg hekmngsc _spgrt-rciktchjgnjussegnsQ.‑ Ngnctbcicss, gnc stuhy lgunh tbkt ktbictcs wbg wcrc

drgumbt tg tbc bgspetki wetb k suspcjtch jgnjussegn rcjcevch k JX sjkn =3

pcrjcnt gl tbc teac wbcn cxkaench dy kn cacrmcnjy achejenc pbysejekn

knh =4 pcrjcnt gl tbc teac wbcn cxkaench dy k ncurgigmest. Bgwcvcr, et

es gltcn ncjcsskry tg prclgra k JX sjkn el tbc pbysejekn suspcjts gr ncchs

tg ruic gut gtbcr pktbgigmecs.

Xbc ikjo gl k hcnetevc hekmngstej tcjbnequc ickvcs trkencrs, jgkjbcs,knh pbysejekns wbg krc tryenm tg cvkiuktc tbc scvcrety gl k bckh en`ury,

http://www.pattan.net/category/Educational%20Initiatives/Traumatic%20Brain%20Injury%20(TBI)/page/Traumatic_Brain_Injury_vs_Concussion.html

http://www.cdc.gov/headsup/youthsports/index.html

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3359792/

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3359792/

http://www.cdc.gov/headsup/youthsports/index.html

http://www.pattan.net/category/Educational%20Initiatives/Traumatic%20Brain%20Injury%20(TBI)/page/Traumatic_Brain_Injury_vs_Concussion.html




5

unkdic tg hcnetevciy hctcraenc wbctbcr k jgnjussegn bks gjjurrch gr

ngt. ]grsc steii, jgnjussegn syaptgas krc vkrekdic, pggriy unhcrstggh,

knh gltcn ngnspcjej.

Gnc gl tbc unevcrski dciecls kdgut jgnjussegns es tbkt tbcy gjjur lrga

k hercjt digw tg tbc bckh, bgwcvcr, jgnjussegns aky gjjur en tbc kdscnjc

gl tbes typc gl eapkjt. Tktbcr, kny eapkjt tg tbc dghy tbkt jkuscs tbc

bckh knh drken tg agvc rkpehiy jkn jkusc k jgnjussegn, lgr cxkapic,

wbepiksb. Kngtbcr jgaagn aesjgnjcptegn es tbkt k jgnjussegn austenvgivc k igss gl jgnsjegusncss knh/gr acagry. Bgwcvcr, kjjgrhenm tg

tbc JHJ knh tbc Kacrejkn Kjkhcay gl Grtbgpchej Zurmcgns, icss tbkn

;6 pcrjcnt gl jgnjussegn vejteas cxpcrecnjc k igss gl jgnsjegusncss, knh

gniy k tberh gl vejteas cxbedet acagry igss.

Xbc syaptgas kssgjektch wetb bkvenm k jgnjussegn lgra k ignm

knh hevcrsc iest. K jgnjussch pcrsgn aky cxbedet kny gr ngnc gl tbcsc

syaptgas0 enkdeiety tg rcjkii cvcnts pregr tg gr kltcr tbc eapkjt, agghdcbkvegr gr pcrsgnkiety jbknmcs? jiuasencss knh hesgrecntktegn? prgdicas

jgnjcntrktenm? nkusck knh vgaetenm? bckhkjbcs? knh iembt scnsetevety. Xbc

icnmtb gl tbes iest knh tbc ngnspcjej nkturc gl tbc syaptgas, jgapgunh

tbc hejuity gl hekmngsenm tbc jgnhetegn. Cvcn agrc jgnlusenm es tbkt

jgnjussch pcrsgns jkn gltcn steii wkio, tkio, knh entcrkjt ngrakiiy, pkrtiy

dcjkusc syaptgas gl k jgnjussegn hg ngt kiwkys kppckr eaachektciy.

Xbc pudiej knh akny en tbc spgrts knh achejki jgaaunetecs iggo kt jgn-jussegns tbc skac wky tbcy iggo kt enlcjtegus hesckscs gr jystej drgses, dut

tbgsc jgnhetegns kii tbgsc bkvc k jickr jut jkusc knh hekmngses. Jgnjussegns

hg ngt t entg tbes typc gl hekmngstej dgx. Ncurgigmest Hr. Szak Zkakhkne

skys tbcrc krc ks akny ks 8: hecrcnt hcnetegns gl k jgnjussegn.

Zenjc ng senmic tcst jkn hcnetevciy hctcraenc el k pikycr bks gr bks ngt

bkh k jgnjussegn, k jgnjussegn hekmngses es mcncrkiiy akhc dy k pbysejekn

usenm auitepic jretcrek, enjiuhenm syaptgas, k ncurgigmejki cxkaenktegn

(dkiknjc knh jggrhenktegn) knh gdscrvktegns. Et―s hejuit tg akoc kn

http://www.cdc.gov/headsup/basics/concussion_whatis.html

http://www.aaos.org/news/aaosnow/jan14/clinical12.asp

http://www.cdc.gov/headsup/basics/concussion_symptoms.html

http://www.cbsnews.com/news/wile-e-coyote-inspires-new-way-to-diagnose-concussions/

http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/concussion/basics/tests-diagnosis/con-20019272


http://www.cbsnews.com/news/wile-e-coyote-inspires-new-way-to-diagnose-concussions/


http://www.aaos.org/news/aaosnow/jan14/clinical12.asp





;6

enlgrach hcjesegn kdgut k jgnhetegn wbcn tbcrc krc sg akny mkps en gur

ongwichmc, dut tbc gniy sklc jbgejc es ‒hgn―t piky spgrts―, wbejb es bkrhiy

k qukiety rcjgaacnhktegn wbcn tbcrc krc jgnjcrns tbkt jbeihrcn krc

envgivch en tgg lcw kjtevetecs.

Xbes hgjuacnt weii khhrcss tbgsc jgnjcrns.

4

Krc jgnjussegns gntbc resc7

Xbcrc es k nckr udequetgus dciecl tbkt jgnjussegns bkvc dccn gn tbc

resc en kii jgntkjt spgrts lgr kdgut k hcjkhc, dgtb kt tbc prglcssegnki knh

ygutb icvcis. Xbcrc es kisg k pcrjcptegn tbkt kii icvcis gl spgrts bkvc dcjgac

agrc vegicnt. Xbes dciecl bks akny, pkrtejuikriy pkrcnts gl ygutb spgrts

ktbictcs, wgrrech kdgut tbc resos gl tbcer jbeihrcn pkrtejepktenm en spgrts.

Bgwcvcr, et es unjickr wbctbcr jgnjussegns krc kjtukiiy enjrcksenm gr el tbc

enjrcksch kttcntegn tbcy krc rcjcevenm es jkusenm kn enjrcksc en hekmngscs.

Huc tg dcttcr hekmngses gr agrc cvcnts, tbc ietcrkturc es usb wetb

stuhecs tbkt rcpgrt kn enjrcksc en jgnjussegns en k vkrecty gl spgrts. Kn

csteaktch <4,666 jgnjussegns krc sustkench ckjb yckr dy jgiicmc knh

bemb sjbggi ktbictcs ckjb yckr en tbc Snetch Ztktcs. Xbc Bckh Bckitb

Aknkmcacnt Zystca rcpgrts tbkt senjc 4664, jgnjussegns bkvc hgudich

en ygutb spgrts. Xbcy kisg ngtc tbkt meris― sgjjcr, dgy―s bgjocy, knh

ikjrgssc skw tbc ikrmcst enjrckscs. K stuhy lrga tbc JHJ rcpgrts tbktcacrmcnjy rgga vesets dy jbeihrcn knh khgicsjcnts lgr jgnjussegn-ieoc

syaptgas rgsc <4% dctwccn 466; knh 4665.

http://www.aans.org/patient%20information/conditions%20and%20treatments/concussion.aspx

http://www.headcasecompany.com/concussion_info/stats_on_concussions_sports


http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6039a1.htm?s_cid=mm6039a1_w

http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6039a1.htm?s_cid=mm6039a1_w







;;

K stuhy en tbc Kacrejkn @gurnki gl Zpgrts Achejenc gl ygutb spgrts en

\ermenek gvcr tbc ;;-yckr pcregh lrga ;55=-4662, lgunh tbkt jgnjussegns

bkh rescn lgur lgih lgr tbc ;4 spgrts stuhech. K stuhy gl 8,666 ktbictcs

lrga ;66 hecrcnt sjbggis, kisg pudiesbch en Kacrejkn @gurnki gl Zpgrts

Achejenc, jgnjiuhch tbkt lrga tbc 4663-6< sjbggi yckr tg tbc 46;;-;4

sjbggi yckr jgnjussegns hgudich. Kjjgrhenm tg hktk lrga tbc Cnmiknh

Vrglcssegnki Tumdy Enùry Zurvceiiknjc Vrg`cjt jgnjussegns en prglcssegnki

Tumdy bkh rescn gvcr 36 pcrjcnt lrga 4662 tg 46;8, bgwcvcr hurenm tbes

teac pcregh tgtki enùrecs rcakench lkeriy jgnstknt.

Xbkt tgtki enùrecs bkvc rcakench rktbcr jgnstknt aky ackn tbkt

jgnjussegns krc ngt rckiiy enjrcksenm. Kncjhgtkiiy, wc ks k sgjecty krc

agrc kwkrc gl jgnjussegns, wbejb bkvc ich tg jgkjbcs knh pkrcnts

sjrutenezenm ckjb pbysejki jgntkjt. Akny jgkjbcs krc ngw rcquerch tg

unhcrmg trkenenm gn bgw tg bknhic ktbictcs wetb jgnjussegns, k prkjtejc

unjgaagn k sbgrt teac kmg. Kjjgrhenm tg tbc Nktegnki Ktbictej Xrkencrs―

Kssgjektegn, scjgnhkry sjbggis en tbc Snetch Ztktcs capigyenm kn ktbictejtrkencr (KX) krc kisg gn tbc resc. En 4663, ùst 86 pcrjcnt gl scjgnhkry

sjbggi capigych kn KX, dut tghky agrc tbkn twg tberhs capigy gnc.

Kii tbes cxtrk kttcntegn gn tbc ktbictcs jcrtkeniy enktcs tbcsc rktcs dy

jktjbenm enstknjcs tbkt wcrc aessch en tbc pkst.

Xbc hcnetegn gl k jgnjussegn bks kisg cxpknhch, knh akny agrc

syaptgas krc ngw jgnsehcrch wbcn hcjehenm el kn ktbictc es jgnjussch. El

ygu mg dkjo k lcw hcjkhcs, k pikycr wguih gniy dc jgnsehcrch jgnjusschel tbcy wcrc unjgnsjegus, gtbcrwesc et wks ùst k ’henm.‑ Bgwcvcr, ks acn-

tegnch kdgvc, wc ngw ongw tbkt gniy kdgut ;6 pcrjcnt gl jgnjussegns

rcnhcr k pcrsgn unjgnsjegus. Xbc enjiusegn gl gtbcr syaptgas sujb ks

aggh knh pcrsgnkiety jbknmcs, iembt scnsetevety, knh acagry igss, bkvc kii

jgntredutch tg tbc hekmngses gl agrc jgnjussegns.

Xbc enjrcksch kttcntegn sgjecty bks mevcn jgnjussegns, ks wcii ks tbc

cxpknhenm hcnetegn gl tbc jgnhetegn, krc unhgudtchiy pgsetevc jbknmcs.

Bgwcvcr tbes kttcntegn drenms pgtcnteki petlkiis ks wcii. Et bks jrcktch tbc

http://ajs.sagepub.com/content/early/2011/01/29/0363546510392326.full.pdf+html


http://www.englandrugby.com/mm/Document/General/General/01/30/80/08/EnglandProfessionalRugbyInjurySurveillanceProjectReport2013_2014_Neutral.pdf


http://www.nata.org/NR031209

http://wyomingmedicalcenter.org/pulse/2014/12/23/the-changing-definition-of-concussion-and-why-it-matters-to-young-athletes/














;4

pcrjcptegn tbkt spgrts krc agrc hknmcrgus tbkn tbcy gnjc wcrc, wbejb

bks ich sgac pkrcnts tg stgp cnrgiienm tbcer jbeihrcn en ygutb spgrts kt

k teac wbcn jgnjcrns kdgut gdcsety knh pbysejki kjtevety krc kisg gn tbc

resc. K 46;: stuhy lgunh tbkt pgp-wkrncr lggtdkii cnrgiiacnt wks hgwn

;6 pcrjcnt lrga 46;6-46;4 knh kjjgrhenm tg tbc Zpgrts & Letncss Enhustry

Kssgjektegn, pkrtejepktegn en tcka spgrts kagnm jbeihrcn kmch < tbrgumb

;4 lcii lrga 88.3 pcrjcnt en 4662 tg 86 pcrjcnt en 46;:.

Ugutb spgrts knh gtbcr grmknezch tcka kjtevetecs gcr k wehc vkrectygl dcncts tg k jbeih―s bckitb knh hcvcigpacnt, sg pkrcnts sbguih ngt

iggo kt tbc hktk tbkt jikea jgnjussegns krc gn tbc resc knh kssuac tbes

ackns tbkt spgrts krc tgg hknmcrgus lgr tbcer jbeih. Enstckh pkrcnts ncch

tg rckiezc tbkt spgrts bkvc kiwkys bkh resos, tbc skac ks tbcy heh wbcn

pkrcnts wcrc jbeihrcn. Xbc hecrcnjc ngw es tbkt pkrcnts krach wetb

tbc ncjcsskry enlgraktegn sg tbcy jkn tkoc tbc ncjcsskry prcjkutegns tg

aeneaezc tbcsc resos lrga eapkjtenm tbcer jbeihrcn ignm tcra.

Ncxt wc ncch tg cxkaenc bgw pikycr eapkjts krc scnt lgr achejki

lgiigw-up.

:Zehcienc tcsts

Xbc sehcienc tcst es gnc tbc agst eapgrtknt kspcjts gl jgnjussegn

prgtgjgi. K mggh sehcienc tcst jkn bcip hctcraenc el k pikycr es jgnjussch

gr el tbcy krc sklc tg rcturn tg tbc cih. K dkh gnc weii ackn eaachektc

rclcrrki knh dcttcr jbknjcs lgr ng ignm-tcra essucs. Lgrtunktciy, wc bkvcignm cvgivch lrga tbc hkys gl ’bgw akny nmcrs ka E bgihenm up7‑ tg

http://espn.go.com/espn/otl/story/_/page/popwarner/pop-warner-youth-football-participation-drops-nfl-concussion-crisis-seen-causal-factor





;:

hctcraenc el k pikycr bks cxpcrecnjch k jgnjussegn. Huc tg tbc enjrcksch

kttcntegn tbc jgnhetegn bks rcjcevch, kii spgrts ickmucs ngw usc auite-lkjctch

sehcienc tcsts tg bcip ehcntely pikycrs wbg aky bkvc sustkench k jgnjussegn.

Xbc NLI uscs k tcst hcrevch lrga tbc Ztknhkrhezch Jgnjussegn

Ksscssacnt Xcst 4 (ZJKX4) tg ksscs en`urch pikycrs. Xbc jgrc pkrkactcrs

gl tbes tcst krc acagry knh jgnjcntrktegn. Lgr cxkapic, pikycrs krc mevcn

k screcs gl wgrhs knh nuadcrs, knh ksoch tg rcpckt tbca. Xbcy krc kisg

tcstch lgr kwkrcncss tbrgumb tbc usc gl qucstegns sujb ks, ’]bkt agntbes et7‑ knh ’]bkt teac es et rembt ngw7‑ Vikycrs krc sjgrch gn tbcsc scjtegns

knh tbcer sjgrc es jgadench wetb gtbcr actrejs, enjiuhenm k pbysejki

cxkaenktegn, tg hctcraenc el tbc pikycr jkn rcturn tg piky.

Xbc ZJKX4 tcst ngt wetbgut jretejs, tbgumb. Ikwrcnjc @kjosgn, k ienc-

dkjocr lgr tbc Hctrget Iegns, hcsjredch ckriecr tbes yckr bgw bc wks kdic

tg pkss tbes sehcienc tcst gniy tg iktcr bkvc pbysejekns hekmngsc bea wetb

k jgnjussegn. @kjosgn tgih CZVN, ’Xbc tcst wks prctty cksy el ygu hgn―tbkvc k semnejknt jgnjussegn. Et steii es. Xbcy ksoch ac wbkt hky et wks,

kpprgxeaktciy wbkt teac et wks, wbkt qukrtcr wc wcrc en. Xbcy wkntch

ac tg sky tbc agntbs dkjowkrhs knh k lcw gtbcr tbenms. E mgt tbgsc rembt.

E hehn―t iggo hesgrecntch, sg tbcy rckiiy hehn―t bkvc kny jbgejc dut tg ict ac

mg dkjo en tbc mkac.‑

Xbcrc es kn cvcn agrc jgapciienm ncch lgr dcttcr hekmngstej tcsts lgr

jgnjussegns. El kn ktbictc sustkens k scjgnh jgnjussegn dclgrc bc gr sbcbks luiiy bckich lrga tbc rst, tbcy jkn hcvcigp k jgnhetegn jkiich scjgnh

eapkjt synhrgac (ZEZ), wbejb jkuscs rkpeh swciienm gl tbc drken knh es lktki

kdgut 36 pcrjcnt gl tbc teac. K det agrc gn tbes wguih dc usclui senjc et es sg

hrkaktej. Bgw jgaagn es tbes rckiiy7 Bgw gltcn hg pcgpic hec7

Kngtbcr ngtkdic kw en tbc tcst es tbkt tbc sjgrc rcquerch tg hctcraenc

wbctbcr kn ktbictc jgnjussch es unjcrtken. Hktk sbgw k bemb hcmrcc gl

vkrekdeiety gl tbcsc sjgrcs kagnm ngn-jgnjussch ktbictcs, pkrtejuikriy

gn tbc jgnjcntrktegn kspcjts gl tbc tcst. Xbcsc igw sjgrcs lrga bckitby

ktbictcs hcvkiuc tbc igw tcsts sjgrcs dy pgssediy jgnjussch ktbictcs. Xg

http://static.nfl.com/static/content/public/photo/2014/02/20/0ap2000000327057.pdf


http://espn.go.com/blog/nflnation/post/_/id/160927/inside-slant-the-plain-truth-of-nfl-sideline-concussion-tests







;8

mct krgunh tbes, ktbictcs krc gltcn tcstch kt tbc stkrt gl tbc scksgn, jkiich

tbcer dkscienc sjgrc, knh el tbcer pgst-eapkjt sjgrc es igwcr tbkn dkscienc

et es kssuach tg dc k semn gl k jgnjussegn. Xbes aky sgunh entuetevciy

jgrrcjt dut tbc sjecnjc es ngt khhenm up.

Lkiienm dcigw dkscienc sjgrcs ks k acksurc gl k jgnjussegn wks

rcjcntiy stuhech en pgpuikr hekmngstej tcst jkiich EaVKJX∔tbc tcst es

jgnsehcrch dy cxpcrts tg dc acrciy k lknjecr vcrsegn tbkn tbc ZJKX4. K

actk-knkiyses gl tbc cjkjy gl tbc EaVKJX lgunh tbkt tbc tcst enjgrrcjtiyhekmngsch k jgnjussegn en kn ktbictc 44-8< pcrjcnt gl tbc teac.

Zgac jretejs gl dkscienc knkiyses kisg jikea tbkt ktbictcs krc ngt sul-

jecntiy trustwgrtby hurenm tbcer dkscienc cxkaenktegn. Xbcrc bkvc dccn

rcpgrts gl ktbictcs kttcaptenm tg krtejekiiy hcjrcksc tbcer dkscienc sjgrc.

Gtbcr jretejs sky tbkt k ignm pcregh gl teac dctwccn dkscienc knh tbc

pgst-eapkjt khaenestrktegn, tbc sjgrc aky ngt dc rciekdic? tbes aembt dc

pkrtejuikriy lgr ygunm pcgpic wbg jkn cxpcrecnjc hrkaktej sbelts en jgmne-tevc lunjtegn lrga scksgn stkrt tg nesb.

Jienejkiiy knh en prkjtejc, tbc Oenm-Hcvejo tcst (OH) bks dccn sbgwn

tg dc k dcttcr hekmngstej acksurc tbkn gtbcr sehcienc tcsts. Xbc OH

tcst kisg knkiyzcs gtbcr lunjtegns gl tbc dghy ongwn tg dc kcjtch dy

jgnjussegns0 kttcntegn, jgnjcntrktegn knh rkpeh cyc agvcacnt Xbc OH

tcst jgnsests gl kn ktbictc rckhenm k screcs gl nuadcrs gn k jkrh tbkt

krc uncqukiiy spkjch gn scvcrki hecrcnt iencs. Xbc ktbictc rckhs tbcnuadcrs iclt tg rembt knh tbc teac et tkocs tg hg sg es acksurch. Xbes

es hgnc tbrcc teacs, knh ckjb teac tbc jkrh es hecrcnt, agrc hejuit,

knh rcquercs agrc jgnjcntrktegn lrga tbc pikycr. K prgignmch teac tg

jgapictc tbc tcst, ks jgapkrch tg stknhkrh teacs, es enhejktevc gl k pikycr

wbg aky bkvc k jgnjussegn. Xbc enjrcksch hejuity gl tbc OH tcst es ieociy

tg prcvcnt pikycrs ieoc Ikwrcnjc @kjosgn lrga sieppenm tbrgumb tbc jrkjos

kltcr k jgiiesegn, ks bc heh wetb ZJKX4.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26291631

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4_CKo6l9Hss






;3

Lgr cxkapic, k Akyg Jienej stuhy tbkt lgiigwch kn Krezgnk ygutb

bgjocy ickmuc lgr k luii scksgn wks lgunh tg dc ;66 pcrjcnt kjjurktc

en hctcjtenm jgnjussegns kagnm tbc ktbictcs. Kngtbcr stuhy gl ygutblggtdkii pikycrs yecihch tbc skac rcsuits. En k stuhy gl prglcssegnki

bgjocy pikycrs, tbc OH tcst wks kdic tg hekmngsc jgnjussegns en k sakii

skapic gl ktbictcs tbkt tbc ZJKX4 enhejktch bkh ng jgnjussegn.

Kitbgumb tbc OH tcst kisg rciecs gn dkscienc tcstenm tg hctcraenc el kn

ktbictc bks sustkench k jgnjussegn, et es bkrhcr lgr kn ktbictc tg lkoc tbc

dkscienc sjgrc. Xbc tcst es ngt lkaeiekr ngr hgcs et rciy gn acagry. Xbc

sjecntej cvehcnjc tg-hktc suppgrts tbes tcst―s supcregrety tg gtbcr tcstsknh agrc tckas sbguih khkpt tbes tcst.

4 3 2

Hcagnstrktegn Jkrh Xcst ;

Xcst 4 Xcst :

:

8 < 2 :

= 8 < =

; 3 : 3

:

: = 3 5

4 3 = 8

; 8 = <

= 5 : 5

8 3 4 ;

3 : = 8

= 8 < 3

5 6 4 :

6

< 3 8 ; 2 6

8 < : 3 5

= 3 8 4 =

: 4 < 5 8

; 8 3 ; :

5 : 8 2 3

3 ; < : ;

8 : 3 4 =

:

6

=

2

4

<

= 3 :

5 4 3 2 6

: = 5 8

3 : ; <

= 5 = :

; 3 8 5

< 3 3 =

: ; 2 <

3 : = 3

=

<

8

3

4

:

8

4

8

6

2

6

http://www.neurology.org/content/82/10_Supplement/S11.003.short









http://www.neurology.org/content/82/10_Supplement/S11.003.short




;<

8Bciacts knhZcnsgrs

Xbkt jgnjussegns kppckr gn drken sjkns es k pgpuikr aesjgnjcptegn,

dut kn cvcn agrc prcvkicnt aesjgnjcptegn es tbkt bciacts jkn prcvcnt tbca.Xbcrc es ng sjecntej cvehcnjc tbkt bciacts aeneaezc tbc pgtcnteki lgr k

jgnjussegn. Bciacts hg prcvcnt ielc tbrcktcnenm en`urecs ieoc souii lrkjturcs.

Uct gnc gl tbc preakry enetektevcs gl tbc NLI rcmkrhenm jgnjussegns bks

dccn tbc hcvcigpacnt gl dcttcr bciacts tbkt aeneaezc tbc eapkjt gl bets

tg tbc bckh. Xbc ickmuc bks envcstch aeiiegns gl hgiikrs en ncw bciact

hcvcigpacnt, knh rcjcntiy, kignm wetb tbc NLI Vikycr―s Kssgjektegn, bks

lunhch k stuhy tg tcst knh rkno ncw bciacts dksch gn sklcty hktk gl

bciacts tbkt krc usch tghky. Bgwcvcr, cvcn tbc dcst gl tbcsc bciacts

gniy rc-hestredutcs tbc lgrjc gl kn eapkjt cvcniy gn tbc souii, et hgcs ngt

stgp k jgnjussegn.

Xbc bgiy mrkei gl jgnjussegn hctcjtegn, en rcjcnt yckrs, bks dccn tbc

degachejki scnsgr, wbejb jkn hctcjt wbctbcr kn ktbictc bks cxpcrecnjch

kn eapkjt lgrjclui cngumb tg jkusc k jgnjussegn. Zcnsgrs bkvc dccnignm sgumbt kltcr dcjkusc et es gtbcrwesc kii dut eapgssedic tg occp trkjo

gl cvcry bet k pikycr tkocs, wbcrcks k scnsgr en cvcry pikycr―s bciact

gr agutb mukrh jguih kicrt gjekis wbcn k pikycr bks sustkench k bet

mrcktcr tbkn k spcjech lgrjc. Dgtb tbc S.Z. aeietkry knh prglcssegnki

spgrts ickmucs bkvc spcnt aeiiegns gl hgiikrs lunhenm mrknts tg cnjgurkmc

rcsckrjb en tbes krck.

Hcspetc tbcer prgaesc, tbc usc gl scnsgrs rcakens vcry jgntrgvcrsekiknh tbc scnsgrs tbcascivcs bkvc rcjcevch k bemb hcmrcc gl jretejesa. En

Lcdrukry gl tbes yckr tbc NLI suspcnhch k prgmrka tg agnetgr eapkjt

http://espn.go.com/espn/otl/story/_/id/12348395/nfl-teams-use-concussion-sensors-helmets-2015







;=

gn pikycrs vek scnsgrs lgr akny rcksgns. Gnc dcenm tbkt sgac ickmuc

khvescrs hgn―t dciecvc tbc scnsgrs jkn kjjurktciy mkumc tbc lgrjc gl ckjb

eapkjt. Kngtbcr essuc es tbkt tbc hktk krc sigw tg kjjuauiktc, wbejb

jrcktcs k hciky en kicrtenm trkencrs. Et kisg rcakens unjickr cxkjtiy wbkt

lgrjc es jgnsehcrch hknmcrgus. Knh lgrjc es ngt tbc gniy actrej tbkt es k

jgnjcrn. K rcjcnt stuhy pgentch gut tbkt tbc ng scnsgrs tbkt jurrcntiy

gn tbc akroct jguih kjjurktciy ksscss knmuikr bets, wbejb krc tbgumbt tg

dc tbc agst hknmcrgus typc. Xbc stuhy kisg ngtcs tbkt spgrts en wbejb

ng bciacts krc usch, sujb ks sgjjcr, wbcrc jgnjussegns krc kisg vcryjgaagn, bciact scnsgrs wguih c gl ng usc.

Xbcrc krc akny ickmuc gjekis wbg suppgrt tbc scnsgr prgmrka, dut

et bks dccn rcvckich tbkt sgac gl tbca bkvc jgnejts gl entcrcst huc tg

dcenm stkocbgihcrs en jgapknecs tbkt akoc tbc scnsgrs. Akny jgiicmcs

usc scnsgrs, dut tbcer rcki uteiety es lkr lrga cstkdiesbch.

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1877705815014447

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1877705815014447




;2

3Jkn jgnjussegns dcprcvcntch dy ruicjbknmcs, gr dcttcr

jgkjbenm, trkenenmknh chujktegn7

Kngtbcr strktcmy tg ieaet jgnjussegns envgivcs ruic jbknmcs, pkrtejuikriy

kt tbc ygutb icvci. Gnc gl tbcsc jbknmcs tbkt bks dccn hesjussch es cieae-

nktenm tbc prkjtejc bckhenm gl sgjjcr dkiis en tbc ygutb mkac. Xbes jbknmc

bks jgnsehcrkdic suppgrt lrga SZK ]gacn―s sgjjcr bcrgcs DrknheJbkstken knh Jenhy Vkrigw, wbejb bks ich tg tbc jbknmc en muehciencs

lgr ygutb pikycrs acntegnch en tbc gpcnenm. Cxpcrts kisg khh tbes wguih

dc pkrtejuikriy dcncjeki lgr meris dcjkusc k meri―s ncjo ausjics hcvcigp

agrc sigwiy, akoenm tbcer bckhs icss kdic tg wetbstknh k bckh enùry lrga

wbepiksb untei tbcy krc agrc hcvcigpch.

Xbc ehck gl cieaenktenm gnc kspcjt gl tbc mkac es ngt rcvgiutegnkry.

En ygutb bgjocy ickmucs krgunh tbc wgrih, dghy jbcjoenm es ngt kiigwch

untei prc-tccn yckrs kt tbc ckriecst knh Iettic Ickmuc dkscdkii bks hcdktch

dknnenm jurvcdkiis lgr hcjkhcs Bgwcvcr, sgac hktk summcst tbkt wbcn

jgapkrenm bgjocy ickmucs tbkt hg knh hgn―t cnlgrjc tbes agrktgreua

gn jbcjos, tbcrc es ng hecrcnjc en tbc nuadcr gl bckh enùrecs, knh

iembt tkjoienm dy ygutb lggtdkii pikycrs untei tbcy wcrc aujb ikrmcr knh

lkstcr aembt ackn agrc enùrecs huc tg encxpcrecnjc tbkn tbcy wguih

bkvc mgttcn en ygutb. Lgr tbgsc rcksgns, cieaenktenm bckhenm en sgjjcr

aky ngt ickh tg hcjrckscs en bckh. Tcsckrjbcrs iggoch kt bckh enùrecs

http://www.nbcbayarea.com/news/local/Brandi-Chastain-Jumps-on-Effort-to-Curb-Headers-in-Youth-Soccer-307533571.html


http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=%22Intentional+vs.+Unintentional+Contact+as+a+Mechanism+of+Injury+in+Youth+Ice+Hockey%22

http://archpedi.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=2375128

http://archpedi.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=2375128

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=%22Intentional+vs.+Unintentional+Contact+as+a+Mechanism+of+Injury+in+Youth+Ice+Hockey%22






;5

en dgtb scxcs sgjjcr knh lgunh tbkt k gniy k lcw jkac lrga bckhenm tbc

dkii? tbc gvcrwbciaenm ak`grety bkvc jgac lrga pikycr-pikycr jgntkjt.

Agst sgjjcr en`urecs krc tbenms ieoc knoics knh onccs, ngt jgnjussegns.

Zteii, jgnjussegns weii jcrtkeniy ngt mg up wetb bckhenm rcagvch lrga tbc

krscnki gl tcjbnequcs vuincrkdic drkens usc en tbc spgrt.

Xbgumb hktk krc unjickr knh sgacteacs jgnejtenm, stcps krc steii

dcenm tkocn. Xbc NLI, lgr cxkapic, bks eapicacntch scvcrki ncw ruics,

sujb ks pcnkiezenm hknmcrgus bets tbkt tkrmct k pikycr―s bckh gr hclcnsc-icss pikycrs knh rcvkapenm tbc hknmcrgus oejo-g piky. Xbc rcsuits bkvc

dccn cnjgurkmenm. Xbc nuadcr gl jgnjussegns tbkt bkvc dccn sustkench

en rcmuikr scksgn mkacs es hgwn :3 pcrjcnt senjc 46;:, wbeic hknmcrgus

bets gn hclcnscicss rcjcevcrs krc hgwn <2 pcrjcnt gvcr tbc skac pcregh!

Lurtbcr envcstemktegns krc ncchch tg hctcraenc el ruic jbknmcs en sgjjcr

knh bgjocy krc kn ccjtevc wky tg aeneaezc jgnjussegns.

Kt tbc ygutb icvci, SZK Lggtdkii knh tbc NLI bkvc jgadench tg jrcktctbc Bckhs Sp Lggtdkii (BSL) enetektevc knh tbc prgmrka bks hcagnstrktch

jgnsehcrkdic sujjcss en rchujenm jgnjussegns en ygunm pikycrs. BSL es

kn chujktegnki prgmrka tbkt tckjbcs jgkjbcs k vkrecty gl wkys tg rchujc

jgnjussegns kagnm tbcer pikycrs. Xbcsc enjiuhc bgw tg prgpcriy t k

pikycr―s cquepacnt, bgw tg hctcjt tbc semns gl k jgnjussegn, knh bgw tg

tckjb prgpcr digjoenm knh tkjoienm tcjbnequcs tg dcttcr cnsurc pikycr

sklcty. Zenjc tbc prgmrka―s enjcptegn gnc aeiiegn pikycrs lrga gvcr <,666

grmknezktegns bkvc pkrtejepktch en BSL. Jgapkrch tg ickmucs wetbgutBSL trkenenm, pikycrs wetb jgkjbcs tbkt krc BSL jcrtech bkvc =< pcrjcnt

lcwcr en`urecs, :8 pcrjcnt lcwcr jgnjussegns en prkjtejcs knh 45 pcrjcnt

lcwcr jgnjussegns en mkacs.

Xbcsc jbknmcs krc hrkaktej knh sg tbcrc krc jkiis lgr ygutb lggtdkii

ickmucs krgunh tbc jguntry tg khgpt BSL pgiejecs knh bkvc tbcer jgkjbcs

jcrtech dy BSL. Dut wbctbcr gr ngt tbgsc oenh gl jbknmcs weii aemrktc

tg gtbcr spgrts es unjickr. Xbc sud`cjt sbguih jcrtkeniy dc cxkaench knh

cvkiuktch sjecntejkiiy.




46

<Xrcktacntgptegns ‚ rcki grpscuhgsjecnjc7

Cvcn tbc dcst prcvcntevc acksurcs weii gniy scrvc tg rchujc tbc

enjehcnjc gl jgnjussegn. Xbcy weii ngt cieaenktc tbca. Xbc spgrts jga-

aunety ickhs en trcktacnt lgr en`urecs dcjkusc spgrts krc iujrktevc lgr tbc

pikycrs knh gwncrs knh cn`gych dy pkrtejepknts. Dut wbcn et jgacs tg

jgnjussegns, trcktacnt khvknjcs bkvc ngt ocpt pkjc wetb hekmngstejs knh

prcvcntegn. Kt tbes teac, tbc gniy rcki trcktacnt lgr jgnjussegns es rcst

knh aknkmcacnt gl syaptgas, sujb ks tbc usc gl kjctkaengpbcn lgr

bckhkjbcs, k vcry ;5tb jcntury kpprgkjb tg k 4;st jcntury prgdica. Lgr

semnejknt jgnjussegns, k pbysejekn aky rcjgaacnh k rchujch wgroigkh

gr sjbggi igkh, knh jgnjussegn sucrcrs krc khvesch tg kvgeh entcnsc

jgnjcntrktegn gr cxcrtegn, dut tbes es lkr lrga rcvgiutegnkry knh scrvcs tg

lurtbcr bembiembt tbc unact achejki ncch lgr jgnjussegn trcktacnt.

Xbcrc krc scvcrki prgaesenm ehcks tbkt krc dcenm envcstemktch. K prc-

ieaenkry stuhy gl tbc usc gl grki kntegxehknts sbgwch prgaesc en trcktenm

jgnjussegn syaptgas. Kngtbcr mrgup kt Vcnn Ztktc es wgroenm gn k

jggienm bciact dksch gn hktk tbkt enjrcksch drken tcapcrkturc rcnhcrs

tbc drken vuincrkdic tg khhetegnki en`ury.

Dgtb krc en tbc vcry ckriy stkmcs knh ks es gltcn tbc jksc, pscuhgsje-

cnjc trcktacnts knh gutrembt qukjocry gltcn ii tbc vgeh. Lgr cxkapic,

Zckttic Zckbkwos qukrtcrdkjo Tusscii ]eisgn rcjcntiy twcctch tbkt

Tcjgvcry ]ktcr jurch bes jgnjussegn tbrgumb tbcer ’nkngduddic tcjbngi-gmy‑. ]beic ]eisgn aky mcnuenciy dciecvc tbkt, et bks tg dc ngtch tbkt bc es

http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/concussion/basics/treatment/con-20019272

http://www.aansneurosurgeon.org/2015/04/23/antioxidant-therapy-may-have-promising-potential-in-concussion-treatment/


http://news.psu.edu/story/347428/2015/03/05/research/tip-iceberg-concussion-treatment

http://deadspin.com/aw-christ-1726772039

http://bleacherreport.com/articles/2555730-russell-wilson-says-miracle-water-helped-him-recover-from-a-head-injury










4;

kn envcstgr en tbc jgapkny. Bc hgcs jgnjchc tbkt bes jikea es ngt dkjoch

dy ’rcki achejki prggl.‑ Ncw Cnmiknh Vktregts qukrtcrdkjo Xga Drkhy

kisg gnjc dkjoch k seaeikr hreno.

Bypcrdkrej gxymcn tbcrkpy es prgdkdiy tbc agst hknmcrgus pscuhg-

sjecnjc trcktacnt lgr jgnjussegns dcjkusc et bks dgtb pscuhg-achejki

knh jcicdrety prgpgncnts. Xbes prgjchurc envgivcs k pktecnt cntcrenm k

jbkadcr wbcrc bc gr sbc enbkics ;66 pcrjcnt gxymcn, wbejb es jikeach tg

cnbknjc tbc dghy―s nkturki bckienm pgwcrs. Bypcrdkrej gxymcn tbcrkpy

es kpprgvch dy tbc LHK tg trckt ;: jgnhetegns, dut ngt trkuaktej drken

en`urecs. Xbc Lchcrki Mgvcrnacnt lunhch tbrcc stuhecs jgstenm tkxpky-

crs $=6 aeiiegn, kii gl wbejb jgnjiuhch tbcsc jbkadcrs hg ngt enjrcksc

rcjgvcry teac gr qukiety gl rcjgvcry ks jgapkrch tg tbgsc wbg wcrc

trcktch tbrgumb rcst. ]bkt―s wgrsc es tbkt jurrcntiy k rgunh gl trcktacnt

envgivcs 86 vesets knh jkn jgst k pktecnt knywbcrc lrga $3,666 tg $;4,666.

Xbes bks ngt hctcrrch prgpgncnts gl tbc trcktacnt. Lgracr Ncw Ugro @cts qukrtcrdkjo @gc Nkaktb es vcry gutspgocn kdgut bes dciecl tbkt tbc

trcktacnt es jurktevc. Bc unhcrwcnt ;46 scssegns knh jikeach tbkt et

jurch bea gl tbc jgnjussegns bc sustkench hurenm bes jkrccr. Nkaktb bks

kisg spcnt $;6 aeiiegn gl bes gwn agncy tg prgvc tbc tcjbnequc bks dcncts

knh k jienej en Ligrehk ngw dckrs bes nkac en rcjgmnetegn gl tbc suppgrt bc―s

mevcn tg tbc trcktacnt rcmeacn. Gtbcr prgpgncnts, enjiuhenm sgac pbyse-

jekns, krc kisg entcnsciy igddyenm jgnmrcss tg lunh agrc stuhecs.

Xbc setuktegn wetb jgnjussegn trcktacnts es seaeikr tg tbc suppic-

acnt enhustry, wbcrc tbc mgvcrnacnt hgcs ngt rcquerc prggl gl cjkjy

prgvehch tbcy usc jicvcr iknmukmc tg kvgeh kppckrenm tg dc achejki.

Jurrcntiy, ng sjecnjc cxests tbkt summcsts spcjeki hrenos gr jbkadcrs wgro

kny dcttcr tbkn seapic rcst sg ngnc gl tbcsc prghujts sbguih dc kiigwch

tg summcst gtbcrwesc.


http://media.jamanetwork.com/news-item/effects-of-hyperbaric-oxygen-on-postconcussion-symptoms-in-military-members/



http://www.militarytimes.com/story/military/benefits/health-care/2014/11/17/hyperbaric-oxygen-therapy-concussion-tbi/19183763/

http://www.al.com/sports/index.ssf/2015/07/as_ken_stablers_family_leaves.html











44

=Bgw wc iggo ktjgnjussegns austjbknmc

Xbgumb tbc iknhsjkpc lgr prcvcntegn knh hekmngses gl jgnjussegns

bks cxpighch hurenm tbc pkst vc yckrs, tbcrc rcakens k ignm wky tg mg.

Xbgumb rcsuits krc enjgnjiusevc knh/gr qucstegnkdic tghky, tbcrc rcakens

bgpc tbkt envcstacnts en dksej rcsckrjb knh tcjbngigmy weii ickh tg

rcvgiutegns en hekmngstejs, prcvcntegn knh cvcn trcktacnts.

]c kisg ncch tg jbknmc tbc wky wc scc jgnjussegns ks k sgjecty. Lgr

tgg ignm, Kacrejkn juiturc bks agjoch gr hgwnpikych jgnjussegns knh

bckh enùrecs en mcncrki. Xbes kttetuhc kppckrs en scvcrki lgras, sujb ks

tbc NLI prgtenm g vehcgs gl ’souii-jrusbenm bets‑ knh Hcnvcr Drgnjgs

qukrtcrdkjo Vcytgn Aknnenm gn Zkturhky Nembt Ievc `goenm kdgut dcenm

’bet en tbc bckh k igt.‑ ]bcn wc ks k sgjecty akrmenkiezc tbcsc enùrecs et

aknelcsts en hknmcrgus wkys. Lgr cxkapic, k stuhy rcjcntiy lgunh tbkt =3

pcrjcnt gl survcych rumdy pikycrs skeh tbcy wguih jgntenuc pikyenm en k

mkac cvcn el tbcy oncw tbcy bkh k jgnjussegn. Kngtbcr lgunh tbkt k tberh

gl bemb sjbggi lggtdkii pikycrs lcit tbcy bkh sustkench k jgnjussegn dut

heh ngt scco achejki bcip.

Jgnjussegns en gur sgjecty krc steii ngt rcmkrhch wetb tbc skac jgnjcrn

ks gtbcr ncurgigmejki hesgrhcrs, knh tbes ickhs gur ktbictcs, pkrtejuikriy

tbc ygunm gncs, tg ngt tkoc tbca scregusiy. En ccjt, sgjecty bks lgstcrch

tbc acntkiety tbkt jgnjussegns krc kn encvetkdic pkrt gl spgrts. El wc wknt

tg aetemktc tbes scregus dut gltcn-gvcriggoch enùry, wc hgn―t ùst ncch tgkhvknjc gur tcjbngigmy, wc ncch tg khvknjc tbc wky wc tbeno knh tkio

kdgut et ks wcii.

http://www.nflfilms.com/specialorders/crunchHardHitting.php

http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2015/02/16/peyton-manning-joke-hit-in-the-head_n_6693672.html


https://aap.confex.com/aap/2012/webprogram/Paper15737.html

https://aap.confex.com/aap/2012/webprogram/Paper15737.html







4:

Jgnjiusegn

Xbrgumbgut tbc ikst hcjkhc, jgnjussegns bkvc rcjcevch k trcacnhgus

kagunt gl kttcntegn dy tbc achek, spgrts ickmucs, tbc achejki jgaaunety

knh tbc pkrcnts gl ygunm ktbictcs. Xbes bks ich tg aujb jgnlusegn gn

wbkt k jgnjussegn es, bgw et es hekmngsch es knh bgw tg prcvcnt tbca.Dcjkusc gl tbes ncw lgjus, gur unhcrstknhenm gl tbc jgnhetegn bks

mrcktiy eaprgvch, bgwcvcr tbcrc es steii aujb tg dc hgnc. Xbc luturc aky

drenm ncw khvknjcs en degscnsgrs, bciacts knh hekmngstej tcsts dut en

tbc acknteac cgrts tg rchujc tbc eapkjt gl jgnjussegns gn ktbictcs

knh sgjecty sbguih lgjus gn ruic jbknmcs, dcbkvegr jbknmcs, eaprgvch

jgkjbenm knh chujktegn, enjgrpgrktenm tbc OH tcst entg sehcienc prgtgjgis

knh mgvcrnacntki jrkjohgwn gn trcktacnts tbkt ikjo icmeteaktc sjecnjc.

Sntei tbcn, tbc dcncts gl spgrts krc cngragus? ielc es ngt reso lrcc.

Xbes pkpcr sbgws bgw tbc resos gl jgnjussegn jkn dc rchujch. Ict ygur

oehs piky dut akoc surc wbkt jkn dc hgnc tg prcvcnt jgnjussegn es dcenm

hgnc knh el tbcrc es kny pgssedeiety tbcy aembt dc jgnjussch akoc surc

tbcy stgp pikyenm knh rcst.




48

TclcrcnjcsKiskikbccn D, Ztgjohkic O, Vcjbuacr H, Drgmieg ZV. Acksurcacnt Crrgr en tbc Eaachektc

Vgstjgnjussegn Ksscssacnt knh Jgmnetevc Xcstenm (EaVKJX)0 Zystcaktej Tcvecw. @ Bckh

Xrkuak Tcbkdei. 46;3 Kum ;5. _Cpud kbckh gl prentQ VudAch VAEH04<45;<:;.

Ktbictej Xrkencrs Leii k Ncjcsskry Nejbc en Zcjgnhkry Zjbggis. (4665, Akrjb ;4). Tctrecvch

lrga bttp0//www.nktk.grm/NT6:;465

Dicezccr, O. (46;8, Hcjcadcr 4:). Xbc jbknmenm hcnetegn gl jgnjussegn knh wby et akttcrs

tg ygunm ktbictcs. Tctrecvch lrga bttp0//wygaenmachejkijcntcr.grm/puisc/46;8/;4/4:/

tbc-jbknmenm-hcnetegn-gl-jgnjussegn-knh-wby-et-akttcrs-tg-ygunm-ktbictcs/

Dgtcibg, M. (46;3, Ngvcadcr ;6). S.Z. ygutb sgjjcr pikycrs tgih0 Hgn―t bckh tbc dkii.

Tctrecvch lrga bttp0//www.jnn.jga/46;3/;;/;6/bckitb/us-ygutb-sgjjcr-jgnjussegns/

Jkrsgn, H. (46;3, Kumust 4<). Tusscii ]eisgn Zkys Tcjgvcry ]ktcr Bckich Bes

Bckh Enùry lrga NLJ Xetic Mkac. Tctrecvch lrga bttp0//dickjbcrrcpgrt.jga/

krtejics/4333=:6-russcii-weisgn-skys-aerkjic-wktcr-bcipch-bea-rcjgvcr-lrga-k-bckh-enùry

Jcntcrs lgr Hescksc Jgntrgi knh Vrcvcntegn. (46;;). Ngnlktki trkuaktej drken enùrecs rciktch

tg spgrts knh rcjrcktegn kjtevetecs kagnm pcrsgns kmch ≨;5 yckrs--Snetch Ztktcs, 466;-

4665. Agrdehety knh Agrtkiety ]ccoiy Tcpgrt. Tctrecvch lrga bttp0//www.njde.nia.neb.mgv/

pudach/7tcra1Ngnlktki Xrkuaktej Drken Enùrecs Tciktch tg Zpgrts knh Tcjrcktegn Kjtevetecs

Kagnm Vcrsgns Kmch ≨;5 Uckrs

Jgnjussegn Zemns knh Zyaptgas. (46;3, Lcdrukry ;<). Tctrecvch lrga bttp0//www.jhj.mgv/

bckhsup/dksejs/jgnjussegnWsyaptgas.btai

Jgastgjo TH, Jurrec H], Vecrpgent IK, Mrudcnbg @K, Lecihs ZO. Kn Cvehcnjc-Dksch

Hesjussegn gl Bckhenm tbc Dkii knh Jgnjussegns en Bemb Zjbggi Zgjjcr. @KAK Vchektr. 46;3

Zcp?;<5(5)02:6-=. hge0;6.;66;/`kakpchektrejs.46;3.;6<4. VudAch VAEH0 4<;<2:6<.







http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Nonfatal%20Traumatic%20Brain%20Injuries%20Related%20to%20Sports%20and%20Recreation%20Activities%20Among%20Persons%20Aged%20%E2%B1%B9%20Years



















43

Hkrienm ZT, Zjbkudci HC, Dkocr @M, Ichhy @@, Dessgn I@, ]eiicr D. Entcntegnki vcrsus unen-

tcntegnki jgntkjt ks k acjbknesa gl enùry en ygutb ejc bgjocy. Dr @ Zpgrts Ach. 46;;

Aky?83(<)0854-=. hge0 ;6.;;:</d`sa.4665.6<:<5:. Cpud 46;6 Aky ;5. VudAch VAEH0

46828:;=.

Hcrco Ncvens, Iigyh Zaetb, @c Ocnsruh, Ikdgrktgry Cvkiuktegn gl ]ercicss Bckh Eapkjt

Zcnsgr, Vrgjchek Cnmenccrenm, \giuac ;;4, 46;3, Vkmcs ;=3-;=5, EZZN ;2==-=632, bttp0//

hx.hge.grm/;6.;6;</`.prgcnm.46;3.6=.;53.

Hkumbcrty, O. (46;8). Jgnjussegns0 Hgenm tbc Tembt Xbenm. Tctrecvch lrga bttp0//www.kkgs.

grm/KKGZNgw/46;8/@kn/jienejki/jienejki;4/7ssgpj1;

Cnmiknh Vrglcssegnki Tumdy Enùry Zurvceiiknjc Vrg`cjt. (46;3, Lcdrukry ;). Tctrecvch

lrga bttp0//www.cnmiknhrumdy.jga/aa/Hgjuacnt/Mcncrki/Mcncrki/6;/:6/26/62/

CnmiknhVrglcssegnkiTumdyEnùryZurvceiiknjcVrg`cjtTcpgrt46;:W46;8WNcutrki.phl

Lkenkru, Z. (46;3, Lcdrukry 46). Ng bciact scnsgrs lgr NLI en ‒;3. Tctrecvch lrga bttp0//cspn.

mg.jga/cspn/gti/stgry/W/eh/;4:82:53/n-tckas-usc-jgnjussegn-scnsgrs-bciacts-46;3

Lkenkru-]khk, A., & Lkenkru, Z. (46;:, Ngvcadcr ;8). Ugutb lggtdkii pkrtejepk-

tegn hrgps. Tctrecvch lrga bttp0//cspn.mg.jga/cspn/gti/stgry/W/pkmc/pgpwkrncr/

pgp-wkrncr-ygutb-lggtdkii-pkrtejepktegn-hrgps-n-jgnjussegn-jreses-sccn-jkuski-lkjtgr

Lchcrktegn gl Kacrejkn Zgjectecs lgr Cxpcreacntki Degigmy (LKZCD). (46;3, Kprei ;).

Kntegxehknt tbcrkpy aky bkvc prgaesenm pgtcnteki en jgnjussegn trcktacnt. ZjecnjcHkeiy.

Tctrecvch @knukry ;=, 46;< lrga www.sjecnjchkeiy.jga/rcickscs/46;3/68/;3686;;:4=34.

bta

Mkicttk AZ, Mkicttk OA, AjJrgssen @, ]eisgn @K, Agstcr Z, Mkicttk ZI, Dkijcr I@, Hgrsbeacr

M], Akstcr JI. Zkjjkhcs knh acagry0 dkscienc kssgjektegns gl tbc Oenm-Hcvejo knh ZJKX4

ZKJ tcsts en prglcssegnki ejc bgjocy pikycrs. @ Ncurgi Zje. 46;: Aky ;3?:42(;-4)042-:;. hge0

;6.;6;</`.`ns.46;:.64.662. Cpud 46;: Akr ;3.VudAch VAEH0 4:855843.

Enkdenctt, A. (46;3, @uiy 3). Ks Ocn Ztkdicr―s lkaeiy hgnktcs bes drken tg rcsckrjb, @gc Nkaktb

tbenos bc bks kn knswcr lgr trkuaktezch ktbictcs. Tctrecvch lrga bttp0//www.ki.jga/spgrts/

enhcx.ssl/46;3/6=/ksWocnWstkdicrsWlkaeiyWickvcs.btai

http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2015.07.195.


http://www.aaos.org/AAOSNow/2014/Jan/clinical/clinical12/?ssopc=1








http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2015/04/150401132752.htm





















4<

Esrkci, A. (46;4). Kwkrcncss knh Kttetuhcs gl Bemb Zjbggi Ktbictcs tgwkrhs Jgnjussegns.

Tctrecvch lrga bttps0//www.rcsckrjbmktc.nct/pudiejktegn/4<=5;4=2<WKwkrcncssWknhW

KttetuhcsWglWBembWZjbggiWKtbictcsWtgwkrhsWJgnjussegns

Oeac, V. (46;8, Ngvcadcr ;=). Gxymcn tbcrkpy ng dcttcr tbkn pikjcdg lgr trcktenm jgnjus-

segn, stuhy nhs. Tctrecvch lrga bttp0//www.aeietkryteacs.jga/stgry/aeietkry/dcncts/

bckitb-jkrc/46;8/;;/;=/bypcrdkrej-gxymcn-tbcrkpy-jgnjussegn-tde/;5;2:=<:/

Oies, A. (46;3, @uiy <). NLI Kltcraktb0 Ielc k achejki strummic lgr @cd Vutzecr. Tctrecvch lrga

bttp0//www.5ncws.jga/stgry/spgrts/46;3/6=/63/`cd-putzecr-n-drken-en`urecs/45=::6=3/

Ikpggo, @. (46;3, @knukry 45). ]eic C. Jgygtc enspercs ncw wky tg

hekmngsc jgnjussegns. Tctrecvch lrga bttp0//www.jdsncws.jga/ncws/

weic-c-jgygtc-enspercs-ncw-wky-tg-hekmngsc-jgnjussegns/

Icgnm, H. L., Dkijcr, I. @., Mkicttk, Z. I., Cvkns, M., Mearc, A., & ]ktt, H. (46;3). Xbc Oenm‚

Hcvejo tcst lgr sehcienc jgnjussegn sjrccnenm en jgiicmektc lggtdkii. @gurnki gl Gptgactry,

2(4), ;:;‚;:5. bttp0//hge.grm/;6.;6;</`.gptga.46;8.;4.663

Ienjgin KC, Jkswcii Z\, Kiaquest @I, Hunn TC, Ngrres @D, Bentgn TU. Xrcnhs en jgnjussegn

enjehcnjc en bemb sjbggi spgrts0 k prgspcjtevc ;;-yckr stuhy. Ka @ Zpgrts Ach. 46;;

Aky?:5(3)0532-<:. hge0 ;6.;;==/6:<:38<3;6:54:4<. Cpud 46;; @kn 45. VudAch VAEH0

4;4=284=.

Akyg Jienej. (46;8, Aky ;4). Oenm-Hcvejo Xcst Hctcjts Jgnjussegns en Ugutb Ktbictcs.

Tctrecvch lrga bttps0//www.ygutudc.jga/wktjb7v18WJOg<i5Bss

Akyg Jienej Ztk. (46;8, Kprei 4). Hesckscs knh Jgnhetegns Jgnjussegn Xcsts knh hekmng-ses. Tctrecvch lrga bttp0//www.akygjienej.grm/hesckscs-jgnhetegns/jgnjussegn/dksejs/

tcsts-hekmngses/jgn-466;54=4

Akyg Jienej Ztk. (46;8, Kprei 4). Hesckscs knh Jgnhetegns Jgnjussegn Xrcktacnts knh

Hrums. Tctrecvch lrga bttp0//www.akygjienej.grm/hesckscs-jgnhetegns/jgnjussegn/dksejs/

trcktacnt/jgn-466;54=4

Accbkn, ]. V., h― Bcacjgurt, V., Jgiiens, J. I., & Jgastgjo, T. H. (46;;). Ksscssacnt knh

Aknkmcacnt gl Zpgrt-Tciktch Jgnjussegns en Snetch Ztktcs Bemb Zjbggis. Xbc Kacrejkn

@gurnki gl Zpgrts Achejenc, :5(;;), 4:68‚4:;6. bttp0//hge.grm/;6.;;==/6:<:38<3;;84:36:

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/267912786_Awareness_and_Attitudes_of_High_School_Athletes_towards_Concussions





http://doi.org/10.1016/j.optom.2014.12.005











http://doi.org/10.1016/j.optom.2014.12.005









4=

Acecr, D., & Evgry, H. (46;:, @uiy :). Ccjtevc Jgnjussegn Xrcktacnt Tcakens Lrustrktenmiy

Ciusevc, Hcspetc k Dggaenm Enhustry. Tctrecvch lrga bttp0//www.nyteacs.jga/46;3/6=/63/

dusencss/ccjtevc-jgnjussegn-trcktacnt-rcakens-lrustrktenmiy-ciusevc-hcspetc-k-dggaenm-

enhustry.btai

Aeiicr, A. (46;3, Akrjb 3). ‒Xep gl tbc ejcdcrm― en jgnjussegn trcktacnt. Tctrecvch lrga bttp0//

ncws.psu.chu/stgry/:8=842/46;3/6:/63/rcsckrjb/tep-ejcdcrm-jgnjussegn-trcktacnt

NDJ Dky Krck Ztk, & ]erc Zcrvejcs. (46;3, @unc ;3). Drknhe Jbkstken @uaps gn Cgrt tg Jurd

Bckhcrs en Ugutb Zgjjcr. Tctrecvch lrga bttp0//www.ndjdkykrck.jga/ncws/igjki/Drknhe-

Jbkstken-@uaps-gn-Cgrt-tg-Jurd-Bckhcrs-en-Ugutb-Zgjjcr-:6=3::3=;.btai

NLI Zehcienc Jgnjussegn Ksscssacnt Xggi0 DKZCIENC XCZX. (n.h.). Tctrecvch lrga bttp0//

stktej.n.jga/stktej/jgntcnt/pudiej/pbgtg/46;8/64/46/6kp4666666:4=63=.phl

G―Jgnncii C, Agiigy AM. Jgnjussegn en rumdy0 ongwichmc knh kttetuhcs gl pikycrs. Er @ Ach

Zje. 46;3 Aky :;. _Cpud kbckh gl prentQ VudAch VAEH0 4<64<534.

G―Jgnngr, V. (46;8, @knukry :;). Vgii Lenhs 86% ]guih Zwky Jbeihrcn Kwky Lrga Lggtdkii.Tctrecvch lrga bttp0//www.ws`.jga/ncws/krtejics/ZD;666;848634=64:6:=8:<683=5:3:;8;

;;;:;28<27agh1rssWSZWNcws

Vktecnt Enlgraktegn. (n.h.). Tctrecvch lrga bttp0//www.kkns.grm/pktecnt enlgraktegn/jgnhe-

tegns knh trcktacnts/jgnjussegn.kspx

Vctjbcsoy, D. (46;3, Kumust 4<). Kw, Jbrest. Tctrecvch lrga bttp0//hckhspen.jga/

kw-jbrest-;=4<==46:5

Tcanejo, H. (46;8, @knukry 4=). Mgenm tbc Hestknjc. Tctrecvch lrga bttp0//www.ncwygrocr.

jga/akmkzenc/46;8/6;/4=/mgenm-tbc-hestknjc-hkveh-rcanejo

Zcehakn HB, Durienmkac @, Ugusel IT, Hgnkbuc RV, Orecr @, Tkycs I@, Ugunm T,Ieiik A, Akzurco

T, Bettic O, AjJigsocy J, Aesrk Z, Zbkw AO. Cvkiuktegn gl tbc Oenm-Hcvejo tcst ks k jgnjus-

segn sjrccnenm tggi en bemb sjbggi lggtdkii pikycrs. @ Ncurgi Zje. 46;3 Zcp;3?:3<(;-4)05=-;6;.

hge0 ;6.;6;</`.`ns.46;3.6<.64;. Cpud 46;3 @un ;4. VudAch VAEH0 4<658;33.

Zcelcrt, O. (46;3, Lcdrukry ;5). Ensehc Ziknt0 Xbc piken trutb gl NLI sehcienc jgnjus-segn tcsts. Tctrecvch lrga bttp0//cspn.mg.jga/digm/nnktegn/pgst/W/eh/;<654=/

ensehc-siknt-tbc-piken-trutb-gl-n-sehcienc-jgnjussegn-tcsts

http://www.nytimes.com/2015/07/05/business/effective-concussion-treatment-remains-frustratingly-elusive-despite-a-booming-industry.html









http://www.wsj.com/news/articles/SB10001424052702303743604579353141111318468?mod=rss_US_News






http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2014/01/27/going-the-distance-david-remnick


























42

Zpcjeki Grhcr Jktkigmuc0 Jrunjb knh Bkrh Bettenm. (n.h.). Tctrecvch lrga bttp0//www.nias.

jga/spcjekigrhcrs/jrunjbBkrhBettenm.pbp

Zpgrts Jgnjussegn Ztktestejs. (n.h.). Tctrecvch lrga bttp0//www.bckhjkscjgapkny.jga/

jgnjussegnWenlg/stktsWgnWjgnjussegnsWspgrts

Ztrkjbkn, A. (46;3, Lcdrukry ;<). Vcytgn Aknnenm Akhc Kn Snlunny @goc Kdgut Mcttenm ‒Bet

En Xbc Bckh K Igt― Ikst Nembt. Tctrecvch lrga bttp0//www.bunmtgnpgst.jga/46;3/64/;</

pcytgn-aknnenm-`goc-bet-en-tbc-bckhWnW<<5:<=4.btai

Xkudcs, M. (;552). Xbc (Vgietejki) Zjecnjc gl Zkit. Tctrecvch lrga bttps0//www.stkt.dcrocicy.

chu/~rejc/Ztkt4/skit.btai

Xrkuaktej Drken Enùry (XDE). (46;4, @unc ;4). Tctrecvch lrga bttp0//www.pkttkn.nct/jktcmgry/

Chujktegnki Enetektevcs/Xrkuaktej Drken Enùry (XDE)/pkmc/XrkuaktejWDrkenWEnùryWvsW

Jgnjussegn.bta

]bkt es k jgnjussegn7 (46;3, Lcdrukry ;<). Tctrecvch Zcptcadcr ;3, 46;3, lrga bttp0//www.

jhj.mgv/bckhsup/dksejs/jgnjussegnWwbktes.btai







https://www.stat.berkeley.edu/~rice/Stat2/salt.html


http://www.pattan.net/category/Educational%20Initiatives/Traumatic%20Brain%20Injury%20(TBI)/page/Traumatic_Brain_Injury_vs_Concussion.htm




















@kacs C. Cnstrga, Vb.H., A.V.B.

Snevcrsety gl Jkielgrnek, Igs Knmcics

@kjo J. Lesbcr, A.H., L.K.J.Z.

Snevcrsety gl Jkielgrnek, Zkn Hecmg,

Cacretus

Xbga Mgikd

Achek Tcsckrjb Jcntcr

Bcrdcrt E. Ignhgn, Vb.H.

Ignhgn Jcntcr lgr Vgiejy Tcsckrjb

Lrch I. Zaetb, @r.

Jgapctetevc Cntcrpresc Enstetutc

Hkneci X. Ztcen, A.H.

Kidcrt Censtcen Jgiicmc gl Achejenc

Ztcpbcn X. ]bcikn

Dikno Tgac IIV

DGKTH GL XTSZXCCZ

LGSNHCTZ JETJIC

KJZB

ACADCTZ

JBKETAKN

Nemci Dkro, A.H.Kidcrt Censtcen Jgiicmc gl Achejenc

\EJC JBKETAKN

Ztcpbcn AghzcicwsoeAkpic Cnmenc IIJ

VTCZEHCNX

Bkno JkapdciiVrcsehcnt, KJZB

Ciezkdctb A. ]bcikn, Zj.H., A.V.B.(;58:-46;8)

(Uckrs gl Zcrvejc tg KJZB0 ;5=2-

46;8)

Lgunhcr knh Vrcsehcnt, KJZB

Ngrakn C. Dgrikum, Vb.H.(;5;8-4665)


4665)

Lktbcr gl tbc ’Mrccn Tcvgiutegn‑

Ngdci Ikurcktc

Lrchrejo @. Ztkrc, A.H., Vb.H.(;5;6-4664)


4664)

Lgunhcr, Bkrvkrh Hcpkrtacnt gl

Nutretegn

Bkno Jkapdcii

Vrcsehcnt

Meidcrt Tgss, A.H.

Zcnegr Hercjtgr gl Achejenc knh

Vudiej Bckitb

@gsb Digga, Vb.H.

Hercjtgr gl Jbcaejki knh

Vbkrakjcutejki Zjecnjcs

Jbcryi Akrten

Hercjtgr gl Hcvcigpacnt

Creo Iecl

Hercjtgr gl Jgaaunejktegns

CRCJSXE\C XCKA



DGKTH GL ZJECNXELEJ KNH VGIEJU KH\EZGTZ

Crncst I. Kdci, Vb.H.

J.Z. Agtt Jcntcr

Mkry T. Kju, Vb.H.

Xcxks K&A Snevcrsety

Jkseaer J. Kogb, Vb.H.

Snevcrsety gl Mcgrmek

Vctcr J. Kidcrtscn, A.H.

Snevcrsety gl Jgnncjtejut

@uiec K. Kidrcjbt, Vb.H.

Snevcrsety gl Ncdrksok, Ienjgin

Vbeiep Kijkdcs, Vb.H.

Buntcr Jgiicmc, JSNU

@kacs C. Kijgjo, Vb.H.

Micnhgn Jgiicmc, Ugro

Snevcrsety (Jknkhk)

Xbgaks Z. Kiicas, A.H.,

A.V.B.Zkn Lrknjesjg, JK

Tejbkrh M. Kiiesgn, Vb.H.

Lchcrktegn gl Kacrejkn

Zgjectecs lgr Cxpcreacntki

Degigmy

@gbn D. Kiirch, Vb.H.

Gbeg Ztktc Snevcrsety

Okri C. Knhcrsgn, A.H.

Snevcrsety gl Xcxks, Achejki

Drknjb

@crgac J. Krnct, @r., A.H.Bcivctek, ]\

Hcnnes X. Kvcry

Buhsgn Enstetutc

Tgnkih Dkjbakn, A.H.

Okescr Vcrakncntc Achejki

Jcntcr

Hkveh K. Dkocr, A.H.

Ztgny Drggo Snevcrsety Achejki

Zjbggi

Tgdcrt Z. Dkrktz, H.H.Z., Vb.H.,A.H.

Entcrnktegnki Achejki

Jgnsuitktegn Zcrvejcs

Ztcpbcn Dkrrctt, A.H.

Vettsdgrg, NJ

Xbgaks M. Dkuamkrtncr,Vbkra.H., A.Ch.

Jgnsuitknt Vbkrakjests gl

Kacrejk

]. Ikwrcnjc Dccsgn, Hr.V.B.

Igak Ienhk Snevcrsety

Ciessk V. Dcnchco, A.H.

Snevcrsety gl Aejbemkn AchejkiZjbggi

Kicx D. Dcrczgw, Vb.H.

Tcki Jickr Zjecnjc

Zer Jgien Dcrry, H.Zj., Vb.H.,A.H.

Vktbgigmejki Enstetutc, Tgyki

Ignhgn Bgspetki (Snetch

Oenmhga)

]eiieka Z. Dejoci, Vb.H.

Snevcrsety gl Krezgnk

Ztcvcn Dikjo, A.H.

Jenjennkte Jbeihrcn―s Bckitb

Achejki Jcntcr

Dikenc I. Dikh, Vb.H.

Okngsb, SX

Benrejb I. Dgbn, Vb.H.


Dcn Dgijb, Vb.H.

Tbghcs Jgiicmc

@gscpb L. Dgrzciicjk, Vb.H.

Achejki Jgiicmc gl \ermenek

Aejbkci O. Dgtts, Csq.

Kicxknhrek, \K

Mcgrmc K. Drky, A.H.

Vcnnenmtgn DegachejkiTcsckrjb Jcntcr

Tgnkih ]. Drcjbcr, Vb.H.,J.Jbca., HKDX, [VTK

AXC/MigdkiXgx (Jknkhk)

Kiikn Drctt, A.H.

Snevcrsety gl Zgutb Jkrgienk

Ocnnctb M. Drgwn, Vb.H.

Odenj

Jbrestenc A. Drubn, Vb.H.

Snevcrsety gl Jkielgrnek

Mkic K. Dujbknkn, Vb.H.Snevcrsety gl Mcgrmek

Chwkrh C. Durns, Vb.H.


Lrknjes L. Dustk, Vb.H.

Snevcrsety gl Aenncsgtk

Ciwggh L. Jkihwcii, Vb.H.,A.D.K.


Pcric I. Jkrpcntcr, Vb.H.

Xcxks K&A Snevcrsety Zystca

Tgdcrt M. Jksscns, Vb.H.

Snevcrsety gl ]esjgnsen,

Akhesgn

Crjgic I. Jkvkiecre, H.Zj.

Snevcrsety gl Ncdrksok Achejki

Jcntcr

Tusscii N. K. Jcjei, A.H.,Vb.H.

Kidkny Achejki Jgiicmc

Teng Jcreg, A.H.

Dkrts knh Xbc Ignhgn Bgspetki

Enstetutc gl Vktbgigmy (SnetchOenmhga)

Zka O. J. Jbknm, Vb.H.

Aessesseppe Ztktc Snevcrsety

Drujc A. Jbkssy, Vb.H.

Snevcrsety gl Eiienges,

Srdknk-Jbkapkemn

Hkveh K. Jbrestgpbcr, Vb.H.

Snevcrsety gl Bkwkee kt Aêngk

Caei ]eiieka Jbynn, A.H.

Ncw Ugro Cyc knh Ckr

Enrakry

L. A. Jiyhcshkic, Vb.H.

Snevcrsety gl Aksskjbusctts

Hgnkih M. Jgjbrkn, Vb.H.

\ermenek Vgiytcjbnej Enstetutc knh

Ztktc Snevcrsety

]. Tgnnec Jgakn, Vb.H.

Jgrncii Snevcrsety

@gbn @. Jgbrsscn, Csq.

Krienmtgn, \K

Mcrkih L. Jgads, @r., Vb.H.

SZHK Mrknh Lgros Buakn

Nutretegn Jcntcr

Mrcmgry Jgnog, @.H.

Jgapctetevc Cntcrpresc

Enstetutc

Aejbkci H. Jgrdctt, Vb.H.

Gakbk, NC

Agrtgn Jgrn, Vb.H.

@gbns Bgpoens Snevcrsety

Nknjy Jgtumnk, Hr.Vb., T.H.,J.H.N.

Snevcrsety gl Hcikwkrc

B. Tusscii Jrgss, Vb.H.Xcxks K&A Snevcrsety

]eiieka @. Jrgwicy, @r., A.H.,A.D.K.

Zpejcwggh, XR

@kacs ]. Jurrkn, A.H.,A.V.B.

Tgiiens Zjbggi gl Vudiej Bckitb,

Cagry Snevcrsety

Jbkrics T. Jurtes, Vb.H.


@crry A. Jutticr, HZj., VCnm.

Jutticr & Kssgjektcs Enj.

Xkewg O. Hknagik, J.V.K.

Crnst & Ugunm

Eicnc T. Hknsc, A.H.

Dgienks, JK

Zbcrreii Hkvesgn, \.A.H., A.H.,A.D.K.

Snevcrsety gl Vcnnsyivknek

Vctcr J. Hchgn, A.H., Vb.H.

Aksskjbusctts Enstetutc gl

Xcjbngigmy

Xbgaks T. HcMrcmgre, Vb.H.

Snevcrsety gl Bgustgn

Civerk M. hc Ac`ek, Vb.H.


Srdknk-Jbkapkemn

Acric I. Hekagnh, A.H.

Hekagnh Bckhkjbc Jienej

Zcyagur Hekagnh, A.H.

Hekagnh Bckhkjbc Jienej

Tkipb Hettakn, A.H., A.V.B.

Bgustgn, XR

@gbn C. Hghcs, H.H.Z.

Nktegnki Jgunjei Kmkenst Bckitb

Lrkuh

@gbn Hguii, A.H., Vb.H.

Snevcrsety gl Oknsks

Xbcrgn ]. Hgwncs, Vb.H.

Zcncjk, ZJ

Aejbkci V. Hgyic, Vb.H.


Khka Hrcwngwsoe, Vb.H.

Snevcrsety gl ]ksbenmtgn

Aejbkci K. Hudejo, Vb.H.

S.Z. Kray Enstetutc gl ZurmejkiTcsckrjb

Mrcm Hudgrh, A.H., A.V.B.

Xgrgntg Jcntcr lgr Jgmnetevc

Xbcrkpy (Jknkhk)

Chwkrh T. Huc, @r., A.H.

Zkvknnkb, MK

Icgnkrh @. Hubi. A.H.

Snevcrsety gl Jkielgrnek,

Dcrocicy

Hkveh L. Hunjkn, Hr.Vb.

Hunjkn & Kssgjektcs

@kacs T. Hunn, Vb.H.

Kvcreii Vkro, NU

@gbn Hkic Hunn, A.H., @.H.

Jkri T. Hkrnkii Bgspetki, Lgrt

Bggh, XR

Bcrdcrt I. HuVgnt, A.H.

Zt. Iuoc―s Cpesjgpki Bgspetki

Tgdcrt I. HuVgnt, A.H.

Enstetutc lgr Dcbkvegr knh

Bckitb, Enj.

Aejbkci ]. Cksicy, H.H.Z.,A.V.B.

Entcrnktegnki Bckitb

Aknkmcacnt & Tcsckrjb

Kssgjektcs

Mcgrmc C. Cbriejb, A.H.,L.K.J.V., A.K.J.T., LTJV (Chen)

Vbeikhcipbek, VK

Aejbkci V. Cistgn, A.H., A.Z.

Tkpeh Jety, ZH

]eiieka N. Ciwggh, Vb.H.

NEB/Jcntcr lgr Zjecntej

Tcvecw

Chwkrh K. Caocn, Vb.H.

Aehwcst Tcsckrjb Jgnsuitknts

Nejoe @. Cnmcsctb, Vb.H.

Snevcrsety gl Eiienges



Ztcpbcn O. Cpstcen, A.H.,A.V.V., LKJCV

Dctb Esrkci Hckjgncss Achejki

Jcntcr

Xcrry H. Ctbcrtgn, Vb.H.Vcnnsyivknek Ztktc Snevcrsety

T. Mrcmgry Cvkns, Vb.H.,A.V.B.

Zt. Igues Snevcrsety Jcntcr lgr

tbc Ztuhy gl Degtcrrgresa knh

Cacrmenm Enlcjtegns

Hkneci L. Lkroks, Vb.H., A.Z.,V.C.

Grcmgn Ztktc Snevcrsety

Tejbkrh Z. Lkwjctt, Vb.H.

Buxicy, EK

Lrchcrejo I. Lcrres EEE, A.H.Nktegnki Cyc Enstetutc

Hkveh N. Lcrrg, Vb.H.


Akhcign I. Lenoci, Vb.H.

Jgrncii Snevcrsety Achejki

Jgiicmc

Icgnkrh X. Liynn, Vb.H.,A.D.K.

Agrmknveiic, N@

]eiieka B. Lgcmc, A.H.,

A.V.B.Zckttic, ]K

Jbrestgpbcr B. Lgrcakn, @r., Vb.H.

Snevcrsety gl Akryiknh

Zbkwn N. Lrkscr, Vb.H.

Ktbkdksjk Snevcrsety (Jknkhk)

Micnn ]. Lrgnenm, Vb.H.


Tgdcrt Z. Mkdic, Ch.H., Vb.H., @.H.

Jikrcagnt Mrkhuktc Snevcrsety

Zbkync J. Mkh, Vb.H., H.K.D.X.,K.X.Z.

Mkh Jgnsuitenm Zcrvejcs

]eiieka M. Mkencs, @r., A.H.,A.V.B.

Zjgtt & ]betc Jienej

@. Dcrnkrh I. Mcc, A.H.

Ukic Snevcrsety Zjbggi gl

Achejenc

O. B. Menzci, A.H.

Snevcrsety gl Kroknsks lgr

Achejki Zjecnjcs

]eiieka Vkui Miczcn, A.H.

Dkyigr Jgiicmc gl Achejenc

@ky K. Mgih, A.H., @.H., A.V.B.

Achejki Jgiicmc gl ]esjgnsen

Tgmcr C. Mgih, Vb.H.


Tcncå A. Mgghrejb, Vb.H.

Snevcrsety gl Ligrehk

Lrchcrejo O. Mgghwen, A.H.

Xbc Mcgrmc ]ksbenmtgn

Snevcrsety Achejki Jcntcr

Xeagtby N. Mgrsoe, A.H.,L.K.J.G.M.

Snevcrsety gl Ngrtb Xcxks

Tgnkih C. Mgts, A.H., Vb.H.

Entcrnktegnki Jcntcr lgr Xgxejgigmy

knh Achejenc

Bcnry M. Mrkdgwsoe, Vb.H.

Huoc Snevcrsety

@kacs Ekn Mrky, Vb.H.

Aejbemkn Ztktc Snevcrsety

]eiieka ]. Mrckvcs, A.H.,A.Z.V.B.

Achejki Jgiicmc gl ]esjgnsen

Ikurk J. Mrccn, Vb.H.,H.K.D.X.

Jkadrehmc Cnvergnacntki, Enj.

Zknhcr Mrccniknh, Hr.V.B.,A.K.

SJIK Zjbggi gl Vudiej Bckitb

Mgrhgn ]. Mreddic, Vb.H.

Hkrtagutb Jgiicmc

L. Vctcr Mucnmcrejb, Vb.H.\knhcrdeit Snevcrsety Zjbggi gl

Achejenc

Jkryi @. Mutb, A.H.

Khvknjc, NJ

Vbeiep Z. Muzciekn, A.H.

Snevcrsety gl Jgigrkhg

Hkveh @. Bknsgn, Vb.H.

Ztktc Snevcrsety gl Ncw Ugro,

Vgtshka

Xcrryi @. Bkrtakn, Vb.H.,A.V.B., T.H.

Vcnnsyivknek Ztktc Snevcrsety

Jikrc A. Bksicr, Vb.H.

Xbc Tgdcrt Agnhkve Enstetutc

gl ]enc knh Lggh Zjecnjc,

Snevcrsety gl Jkielgrnek, Hkves

\ermei ]. Bkys, Vb.H.

Snevcrsety gl Ocntujoy

Jikro ]. Bcktb, @r., A.H.

Kacrejkn Jknjcr Zgjecty

Hwembt D. Bcktb, Vb.H.

Drgwn Snevcrsety

Tgdcrt Bceacr, Vb.H.

Ukic Zjbggi gl Vudiej Bckitb

Tgdcrt D. Bcias, Vb.H.

Kacrejkn Cntcrpresc Enstetutc

Pknc T. Bcisci, Vb.H.

Tutmcrs Snevcrsety, Jggo

Jgiicmc

@kacs H. Bcrdcrt, Vb.H.

Hrcxci Snevcrsety

Xbcghgrc T. Bgilgrh, Vb.H.


Achejenc

Tgdcrt A. Bgiienmwgrtb,Vb.H.


Chwkrh Z. Bgrtgn, A.H.

@gsien Hekdctcs Jcntcr/Bkrvkrh

Achejki Zjbggi

@gscpb B. Bgtjboess, Vb.H.

Jgrncii Snevcrsety

Jiegrh K. Buhes, AH.

Acagreki Zigkn-Octtcrenm Jknjcr

Jcntcr

Vctcr Dkrtgn Butt, Csq.

Jgvenmtgn & Durienm, IIV

Zusknnc I. Buttncr, Vb.H.

OC Zqukrch

Iujecn T. @kjgds, A.H.

Snevcrsety gl Jkielgrnek, Igs

Knmcics

Kic`knhrg T. @khkh, A.H.,H.Vbei., L.T.J.V.J.

Snevcrsety gl Xgrgntg (Jknkhk)

Tuhgipb @. @kcmcr, Vb.H.Cnvergnacntki Achejenc, Enj.

]eiieka X. @krves, Vb.H.

Igak Ienhk Snevcrsety

Aejbcic @ky-Tusscii, H.\.A.,A.V.\.A., Vb.H.


Ciezkdctb B. @ccry, V.b.H.


Srdknk-Jbkapkemn

Mcgrcy J. Okdkt, Vb.H.

Kidcrt Censtcen Jgiicmc glAchejenc

Aejbkci Okaren, Vb.H.


@gbn D. Oknccnc, Vb.H., A.V.B.,H.\.A.


V. Knhrcw Okrka, Vb.H., JBV

A@] Jgrpgrktegn

Akro K. Oktjbcn, A.Z., A.D.K.,J.E.B.

Xbc Vbyiakr Mrgup

Oktbryn C. Ociiy, Hr.V.B.

Hcitk Xgxejgigmy

Tgdcrt H. Ocrns, Vb.H.


Achejenc

Mcgrmc K. Ocywgrtb EE, Vb.H.

Jkraci, JK

Aejbkci Oersjb, A.H.

Bembiknh Bcembts, GB

@gbn J. Oersjbakn, Vb.H.

Kiicntgwn, VK

]eiieka A. V. Oicen, Vb.H.

Snevcrsety gl Vettsdurmb

Tgnkih C. Oicenakn, A.H.

Aksskjbusctts Mcncrki

Bgspetki/Bkrvkrh Achejki

Zjbggi

Icsiec A. Oicvky, A.H., Z.H.en Bym.

Snevcrsety gl Ngrtb Hkogtk

Zjbggi gl Achejenc knh Bckitb

Zjecnjcs

Hkveh A. Oiurlcih, Vb.H.

S.Z. Hcpkrtacnt gl Kmrejuiturc

Oktbryn A. Ogiksk, Vb.H.,T.H.

Ckst Jkrgienk Snevcrsety

@kacs Z. Oggpakn, A.H,A.V.B.

Snevcrsety gl Aejbemkn Zjbggi gl

Vudiej Bckitb

Kikn T. Orestki, Hr.V.B.

Lrch Butjbensgn Jknjcr

Tcsckrjb Jcntcr

Aetze T. Orgjogvcr, A.H.ZZD Zgiutegns

Aknlrch Orgmcr, Vb.H.


Jkrgiyn @. Ikjocy, Vb.H., T.H.

Ngrtb Jkrgienk Ztktc Snevcrsety

@. Jikydurn IkLgrjc, Vb.H.

Snevcrsety gl Jkielgrnek, Igs

Knmcics

Tgdcrt M. Ikbetk, A.H., Vb.H.

Agunt Zenke Zjbggi gl Achejenc

@kacs J. Ikad, E\, Vb.H., @.H.

Cxpgncnt

]eiieka C. A. Iknhs, Vb.H.

Jgiicmc Vkro, AH

Drekn K. Ikroens, Vb.H.


Ikrry Ikuhkn, Vb.H.

Nktegnki Kutgngagus

Snevcrsety gl Acxejg (Acxejg)

Xga D. Ickagn, Vb.H.

Iedcrty Autuki Ensurknjc

Jgapkny

@ky B. Icbr, Vb.H.

Cnvergnacntki Chujktegn

Cntcrprescs, Enj.

Drekn J. Icntic, A.H., LTJVJ,HATH

Snevcrsety gl Dretesb Jgiuadek

(Jknkhk)

DGKTH GL ZJECNXELEJ KNH VGIEJU KH\EZGTZ(JGNXENSCH)




Zjgtt G. Ieiecnlcih, Vb.H.

Cagry Snevcrsety

Ligy Ieiicy, @.H.

Lcrnknhenk Dckjb, LI

]eiieka A. Ignhgn, Ch.H.,A.V.B.

Jkielgrnek Ztktc Snevcrsety, Igs

Knmcics

]eiieka A. Iunjb, Vb.H.


Hkryi Iunh, Vb.H.


Akhesgn

@gbn Iupecn, A.Zj.


@knct C. Akjbcicht, A.H.,A.Z., A.V.B.

Bgustgn, XR

Okri Akrkagrgsjb, Vb.H.

Tutmcrs Snevcrsety, Jggo

Jgiicmc

@uhetb K. Akrictt, Vb.H., T.H.


Akhesgn

Ikwrcnjc @., Akrnctt, Vb.H.

\knhcrdeit Snevcrsety

@kacs T. Akrsbkii, Vb.H.Tgswcii Vkro Jknjcr Enstetutc

Tgmcr G. AjJiciikn, H.\.A.,A.A.Z., H.K.D.X., H.K.D.\.X.,

L.K.X.Z.

Kiduqucrquc, NA

Akry B. AjMrktb, A.H.,A.V.B.

Snevcrsety gl Jkielgrnek, Zkn

Lrknjesjg

Kikn M. AjBumbcn, H.Vbei.


Tevcrsehc

@kacs H. AjOckn, H.\.A., @.H.

Egwk Ztktc Snevcrsety

@gscpb V. AjAcnkaen, A.H., @.H.

AjMuerc]gghs, IIV

Vktrejo @. Aejbkcis, Vb.H.

Jktg Enstetutc

Xbgaks B. Aeidy, A.H.,A.V.B.

Dgesc, EH

@gscpb A. Aeiicr, A.H., A.V.B.Hurbka, NB

Tejbkrh K. Aeiicr, A.H.

Vrenjepek Degpbkrak, Enj.

Tejbkrh O. Aeiicr, Vb.H.

Snevcrsety gl Tgjbcstcr

]eiieka @. Aeiicr, Vb.H.


K. Kikn Agmbesse, Vb.H.

Enstetutc lgr Tcmuiktgry Zjecnjc

Mrkjc V. Agnkjg, @.H.

Achejki Jkrc Gaduhsakn

Vrgmrka

Drekn C. Agnhcii, A.H.

Dkiteagrc Bckhkjbc Enstetutc

@gbn ]. Agrmkn, Hr.V.B.

Jkielgrnek Jknjcr Tcmestry

Ztcpbcn @. Agss, H.H.Z., A.Z.

Ncw Ugro Snevcrsety Jgiicmc gl

Hcntestry

Drggoc X. Agssakn, Vb.H.

Snevcrsety gl \cragnt Jgiicmc

gl Achejenc

Vctcr ]. Auiicn, Vb.H.,LJZLZ

Ocaej Degrcsckrjb

Kiiesgn K. Auiicr, Vbkra.H.

Enstetutc lgr Jgntenuenm

Bckitbjkrc Chujktegn

Bkrres A. Nkmicr, A.H.

Dctb Esrkci Achejki Jcntcr/

Kidcrt Censtcen Jgiicmc gl

Achejenc

Hkneci @. Njkyeyknk, A.H.

Dcnmucik Bckitb (Zgutb Klrejk)

Vbeiep C. Ncisgn, Vb.H.

Vurhuc Snevcrsety

@gyjc K. Ncttictgn, H.Zj., T.H.

Hcnvcr, JG

@gbn Z. Ncudcrmcr, Hr.V.B.

Snevcrsety gl Oknsks Zjbggi gl

Achejenc

Xbgaks Nejbgisgn, Vb.H.,A.V.B.

]cstcrn Ocntujoy Snevcrsety

Kidcrt M. NejociIygnBckrt (rct.)

Xbcrcsk K. Nejoiks, Hr.V.B.,A.V.B.

Jbeihrcn―s Nutretegn Tcsckrjb

Jcntcr ‚ Dkyigr Jgiicmc gl

Achejenc

Tgdcrt @. Nejgigse, Vb.H.

Snevcrsety gl Aksskjbusctts,

Igwcii

@kacs I. Gdienmcr, Vb.H.

Ngrtb Jkrgienk Ztktc Snevcrsety

Ocnnctb Gt, A.H., A.V.B.

Acagreki Zigkn-Octtcrenm

Jknjcr Jcntcr

@gbn Vktrejo G―Mrkhy, A.H.

Xults Snevcrsety Zjbggi gl

Achejenc

@kacs C. Gihlcih, Vb.H.


Ztknicy X. Gakyc, Vb.H.,L.K.X.Z., L.KJN, J.N.Z.

Snevcrsety gl Ncvkhk, Tcng

Aejbkci ]. Vkrezk, Vb.H.

Snevcrsety gl ]esjgnsen,Akhesgn

Ztukrt Vkttgn, Vb.H.


@kacs Akrj Vcrren, A.H.

Akss Mcncrki Bgspetki lgr

Jbeihrcn

@ky Vbcikn, A.H.

]yic Entcmrktch Zjecnjc knh

Cnmenccrenm Mrgup

Xeagtby Huocs Vbeiieps, Vb.H.


Hkveh T. Veoc, Vb.H.

Jbkapkemn, EI

Ztcvcn Venocr, Vb.H.

Bkrvkrh Snevcrsety

Bcnry J. Vetgt, A.H., Vb.H.


Akhesgn

Xbgaks X. Vgicakn, Vb.H.

Jgrncii Snevcrsety

Mkry V. Vgsncr, A.H.

Viknt Jety, LI

@gbn @. Vgwcrs, Vb.H.


]eiieka H. Vgwrec, Vb.H.

Snevcrsety gl Dretesb Jgiuadek

(Jknkhk)

J.Z. Vrkoksb, Vb.H.

Xusocmcc Snevcrsety

Akrven V. Vretts, Vb.H.

Jgrncii Snevcrsety

Hkneci @. Tketcn, Vb.H.

Nktegnki Enstetutcs gl Bckitb

Hkveh ]. Tkacy, H.\.A.

Tkacy Cquenc Mrgup

T.X. Tkvcnbgit, A.H., A.V.B.

Vgpuiktegn Bckitb Eapcrktevcs

Tussci @. Tcetcr, Vb.H.

Snevcrsety gl Xcxks, Zkn

Kntgneg

]eiieka Tcveiic, Vb.H.

Snevcrsety Jgiicmc Jgro

(Erciknh)

Hgnkih T. Tgdcrts, Vb.H.

Xbc Snelgrach Zcrvejcs

Snevcrsety gl tbc Bckitb

Zjecnjcs

@. H. Tgdensgn, A.H.

Mcgrmctgwn Snevcrsety Zjbggi

gl Achejenc

Drkh Tghu, H.H.Z.

Snevcrsety gl Iguesveiic

Deii H. Tgcdujo, Vb.H.,H.K.D.X.

Hkrtagutb Achejki Zjbggi

Hgnkih T. Tgmcrs, A.H.

Tcterch, Achejki Cxkaencr knhVktbgigmest,

Hkveh D. Tgii, Vb.H.

Jgiicyveiic, XR

Hkic T. Tgasgs, Vb.H.


@gscpb H. Tgscn, Vb.H.

Jggo Jgiicmc, Tutmcrs

Snevcrsety

Ztcvcn X. Tgscn, A.H.

Ngrtbwcstcrn Snevcrsety

Achejki Zjbggi

Ztknicy Tgtbakn, Vb.H.

Zaetb Jgiicmc

Ztcpbcn B. Zklc, H.Vbei.


]kiikjc E. Zkapsgn, A.H.

Ztknlgrh Snevcrsety Zjbggi gl

Achejenc

Akro ’@ksgn‑ Zknhcrs, A.H.

Snevcrsety gl Xcxks Achejki

Zjbggi

Bkrgih B. Zknhstckh, A.H.Snevcrsety gl Xcxks Achejki

Drknjb

Jbkrics T. Zkntcrrc, Vb.H.

Vurhuc Snevcrsety

Igwcii H. Zkttcricc, Vb.H.

\crmks, AN

Akro \. Zkucr, A.H.

Jgiuadek Snevcrsety

@crcy ]. Zkvcii, Vb.H.


Akrven @. Zjbessci, H.H.Z.

Tgsiyn Bcembts, NU

Hkveh Zjbgttcnlcih, A.H.,A.Zj.

Snevcrsety gl Aejbemkn

@gci A. Zjbwkrtz, A.Z.

Tcksgn Vudiej Vgiejy Enstetutc

Hkveh C. Zcehcaknn, Vb.H.

Drggoiyn Jgiicmc/Ukic

Snevcrsety

Hkveh Zcrcs, A.H., ZjA., VNZ.Jgiuadek Snevcrsety Achejki

Jcntcr

Hkveh K. Zbkywetz, A.H.,Vb.H.

Xbcrkvknjc, Enj.

Vktrejo @. Zbck, Vb.H.




Aejbkci D. Zbcracr, Vb.H.

Zocptej Akmkzenc

Zkrkb Zbgrt, Vb.H., Ch.H., T.H.

Zyrkjusc Snevcrsety

K. @. Zechicr, Vb.H.


Srdknk-Jbkapkemn

Akrj O. Zecmci, A.H.

Ncw Ugro Snevcrsety Zjbggi gl

Achejenc

Aejbkci Zecmci, A.H., A.V.B.

Dgstgn Snevcrsety Zjbggi gl

Vudej Bckitb

Icc A. Zeivcr, Vb.H.

Vrenjctgn Snevcrsety

Aejbkci Z. Zeagn, A.H.,A.V.B.

]kync Ztktc Snevcrsety

Z. Lrch Zenmcr, Vb.H.

Zjecnjc & Cnvergnacntki Vgiejy

Vrg`cjt

Tgdcrt D. Zoikrg, A.H.

Vbeikhcipbek, VK

Knnc A. Zaetb, Vb.H., T.H.,I.H.


Mkry J. Zaetb, Vb.H.

Jgigrkhg Ztktc Snevcrsety

@gbn N. Zglgs, Vb.H.


Ikszig V Zgagmye, Vb.H.

ZTE Entcrnktegnki (rct.)

Tgy L. Zpkihenm, Vb.H.


Icgnkrh X. Zpcrry, A.H.,Vb.H.

Ligrehk Ktikntej Snevcrsety

Tgdcrt K. Zquerc, H.\.A.,Vb.H.

@gbns Bgpoens Snevcrsety

Tgnkih X. Ztknog, A.H.

Snevcrsety gl Vettsdurmb

Achejki Jcntcr

@kacs B. Ztccic, H.\.A.,A.V.B.

Snevcrsety gl Xcxks, Bgustgn

Tgdcrt H. Ztccic, Vb.H.


@uhetb Z. Ztcrn, Zj.H., T.H.


Ztcpbcn Z. Ztcrndcrm, A.H.

Acagreki Zigkn-Octtcrenm

Jknjcr Jcntcr

Tgnkih H. Ztcwkrt, G.J.,A.H., LTJVJ

Hkibgusec Snevcrsety (Jknkhk)

Akrtbk Dkrncs Ztgnc, Vb.H.


@gn K. Ztgry, Vb.H.

Vurhuc Snevcrsety

Zetk T. Xktene, Vb.H.


Hejo Xkvcrnc

Bgusc gl Igrhs, Snetch

Oenmhga

Ztcvc I. Xkyigr, Vb.H.


Igrrkenc Xbciekn

Octjbua, Enj.

Oeadcriy A. Xbgapsgn, Zj.H.

Bkrvkrh Zjbggi gl Vudiej

Bckitb

Knhrck H. Xemieg, Vb.H., @.H.

Xgwnscnh knh Xgwnscnh knh

Jrcw, IIV

@kacs C. Xeiigtsgn, Vb.H.,A.D.K.

Xults Snevcrsety

Heaetregs Xrejbgpguigs, A.H.

Bkrvkrh Zjbggi gl Vudiej

Bckitb

Tgdcrt V. Spjburjb, Vb.H.


Akro @. Stcii, A.H.

Snevcrsety gl Tgjbcstcr

Achejki Jcntcr

Zbksbe D. \crak, Vb.H.


]eiikrh @. \esco, A.H., Vb.H.

Snevcrsety gl Eiienges Jgiicmc gl

Achejenc

Iynn ]kesbwcii, Vb.H., JBCZ

Snevcrsety gl Achejenc knh

Hcntestry gl Ncw @crscy, Zjbggi

gl Vudiej Bckitb

Knnc A. ]kiikjc, A.H.

Snevcrsety gl Jkielgrnek, Zkn

Hecmg

Drekn ]knseno, Vb.H.

Jgrncii Snevcrsety

Aeics ]cendcrmcr, A.H.

Snevcrsety gl Egwk Bgspetkisknh Jienejs

@gbn ]cesdurmcr, Vb.H.

Ncw Ugro Achejki Jgiicmc

@knct Z. ]cess, A.H.

Xbc XgxHgj

Zeagn ]cssciy, A.H., LTJV

Oenm―s Jgiicmc Ignhgn knh

Enstetutc gl Vsyjbektry (Snetch

Oenmhga)

Ztcvcn H. ]cxncr, A.H.

Jicvciknh Jienej Ligrehk

@gci Ciiegt ]betc, A.H.,L.K.J.T.

Hknveiic, JK

@gbn Z. ]betc, Vb.H.

]betc Xcjbnejki Tcsckrjb

Ocnnctb I. ]betc, Vb.H.

Stkb Ztktc Snevcrsety

Tgdcrt @. ]betc, A.H., Vb.H.

Zbkocr Bcembts, GB

Jkrgi ]betigjo, Vb.H., T.H.

Tgjbcstcr Enstetutc gl

Xcjbngigmy

Jbrestgpbcr L. ]eioensgn,Vb.H.

]eiaenmtgn, NJ

Akro I. ]eiicndrenm, A.H.

Zkent Vkui. AN

@kacs O. ]gakjo, @r.

Ngrtb Jkrgienk Aenenm &

Cncrmy Jgaaessegn

@kacs @. ]grakn, Vb.H.

Tgjbcstcr Enstetutc gl

Xcjbngigmy

Tusscii Z. ]grrkii, G.H.


Dcrocicy

Z. Ztknicy Ugunm, Vb.H.

Nktegnki Enstetutc gl Ztktestejki

Zjecnjc

Ztcvcn B. Pcesci, A.H., Vb.H.

Xbc Snevcrsety gl Ngrtb

Jkrgienk

Aejbkci D. Pcaci, Vb.H.Nutretegn Enstetutc, Snevcrsety

gl Xcnncsscc

Cobkrh C. Pecmicr, A.H.

Snevcrsety gl Egwk


Xbc gpenegns cxprcssch en KJZB pudiejktegns hg ngt ncjcsskreiy rcprcscnt tbc vecws glkii acadcrs gl tbc KJZB Dgkrh gl Xrustccs, Lgunhcrs Jerjic knh Dgkrh gl Zjecntej knh

Vgiejy Khvesgrs, wbg kii scrvc wetbgut jgapcnsktegn.



Zjecnjc. Ngt Bypc.

Jgnjussegns usch tg dc jgnsehcrch "pkrt gl hgenm dusencss"

lgr tbgsc wbg pkrtejepktch en spgrts kt kii icvcis. Xbc ehck gl

"sbkoenm et gst knh mcttenm dkjo en tbcrc" wks sg hccpiy

enmrkench en gur spgrts juiturc tbkt et wks gltcn sccn ks k semngl jgaaetacnt tg tbc tcka. Uct hurenm rcjcnt hcjkhcs,

cvehcnjc gl errcvcrsedic drken enùry dcmkn peienm up, sbgwenm

tbkt jgnjussegns wcrc ngt k rciktevciy dcnemn sehc cstcjt gl

spgrts, dut wcrc ielc-kitcrenm, knh sgacteacs lktki enùrecs

tbkt bkh dccn unhcrcsteaktch lgr yckrs. En tbes dggo, tbc

Kacrejkn Jgunjei gn Zjecnjc knh Bckitb cxkaencs jbknmcs en

tbc kwkrcncss, prcvcntegn, knh trcktacnt gl kn enùry tbkt es

dcjgaenm agrc knh agrc rcjgmnezch ks tbc scregus bckitb

tbrckt tbkt et es.

Xbc Kacrejkn Jgunjei gn Zjecnjc knh Bckitb es k jgnsuacr

chujktegn jgnsgrteua jgnjcrnch wetb essucs rciktch tg lggh,

nutretegn, jbcaejkis, pbkrakjcutejkis, ielcstyic, tbc

cnvergnacnt knh bckitb. Et wks lgunhch en ;5=2 dy k mrgup gl

sjecntests jgnjcrnch tbkt akny eapgrtknt pudiej pgiejecs

rciktch tg bckitb knh tbc cnvergnacnt heh ngt bkvc k sgunh

sjecntej dkses. Xbcsc sjecntests jrcktch tbc grmknezktegn tg

khh rcksgn knh dkiknjc tg hcdktcs kdgut pudiej bckitb essucs

knh drenm jgaagn scnsc vecws tg tbc pudiej.

concussions: fact v. fiction

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