concrete2014a-lecture6
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Lecture 6 - ConcreteObjectives:-
1. To learn the different concrete categories2. To relate the concrete as per clauses in SMM23. To determine the various clauses applied to the
different elements of concrete
Outcomes:-4. Able to differentiate the different clauses used for
concrete measurement.5. Able to write down the dimensions clearly.
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Concrete work
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Concrete truck and mixer
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Pouring of concrete.
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Vibrating and leveling of concrete
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Types of concrete
• Type A concrete is filled with 16mm diameter reinforcement bars and is known as reinforced concrete.
• Type B concrete is without any reinforcement bars and is known as mass concrete.
16mm reinforcement bar
A
B
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Waterproof concrete
• For reinforced concrete roof the concrete used must be protected with waterproofing additives so that rainwater could not penetrate.
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Rapid hardening concrete
• For construction of structure below water level, rapid hardening cement is used so that the concrete could harden in a shorter time
Foundation
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Placing of concrete
• Different types of machines are used for placing of concrete depending on the available of space and the speed of placing.
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Concrete beds laid to slope
• Concrete bed laid to slope must be separated into :-
• 1. Not exceeding 15 degree from horizontal.
• 2. Exceeding 15 degree.
Angle > 15 degree
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No deduction shall be made for:-
• 1.Volume occupied by the reinforcement bars.
• If the volume of the concrete is 10m3 and the volume occupied by the bars is 1m3 the concrete volume is still 10m3.
Reinforcement bars
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No deduction shall be made for:-
• If we have a concrete column whereby we need to place a mild steel pipe as a service pipe we need to find out the area of the pipe before we make any deduction.
Area not exceeding
0.05m2
Concrete column
Steel pipe
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Structure of building
Column
Floor beam
Roof beam
Ground floor slab Ground beam
1st. Floor slab
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Unit of measurement
• Measurement to be in m3 or volume for all structural members.