concrete technology manual

5/21/2018 Concrete Technology Manual

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6Reference (apr02)WNA/TCE - ws

Soil and AsphaltCompaction

Demolition

Utility

Concrete Technology

Basics


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Concrete technology

Internal and external vibrators, inverters, trowels, wet screeds, rebar cutters


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Concrete technology

What is concrete?

Concrete a man-made (artificial) stone

Components a mixture of cement, aggregates and water and often ad-

mixtures (retardants, accelerators, plasticizers, etc.)

Hydration Concrete solidifies and hardens after mixing with water due

to a chemical process known as hydration. The water

reacts with the cement, which bonds the other componentstogether, eventually creating a stone-like material.

Reinforcement Reinforced concrete is concrete in which steel reinforce-

ment bars (rebars") or fibers have been embedded to

strengthen a material that would otherwise not stand the

tensile strengths.


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Concrete technology

Why does concrete need to be vibrated?

Freshly placed, uncompacted concrete is

usually full of entrapped air bubbles.

Concrete will only achieve a high compres-sive strength and density with minimum air

content through the use of mechanicalmeans, i. e. the introduction of high-

frequency (fast, repetitive) vibrations.

Only in this way can concrete meet todays

requirements in terms of strength and

density.


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Concrete technology

Why does concrete need to be vibrated?


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Concrete technology

What actually happens during concrete vibration?

The high-frequency vibrations generatedby the vibrator are transmitted to the

components of the fresh concrete.

Frictional forces between individual

particles are substantially reduced.

A flow process is created.

Air bubbles, excess water and paste

entrapped through capillary action andsurface tensions are released and

escape to the surface.


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Concrete technology

Advantages of concrete vibration

Greater density and homogeneity

Greater compressive strength

Greater durability (e. g. de-icing salt)

Better bond with rebar, particularly in

densely reinforced sections

Better bond between the individually

wet on wet placed layers Improved quality exposed (fair-faced)

surfaces

Makes possible use of drier mixtures,

thus requiring less cement


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Concrete technology

Concrete vibration: t ips and tricks

Know your effective compaction diameter:For practical purposes and as rule of thumb consider the operating

diameter to be approx. 10 times the vibrator head housing diameter.

10 x


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Concrete technology

Maintain correct spacing when compacting large surfaces

correct

wrong

formwork


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Concrete technology

Correct spacing when vibrating fresh concrete in walls

Internal vibrators with 30 (1.2), 38 (1 ) and 45 mm (1.8) should notbe used due to poor or non-existing overlapping of the effective com-

paction . This will lead to a faulty or uneconomical vibration process.

40 cm30 4538


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Concrete technology

Correct spacing when vibrating fresh concrete in walls

For greater effective compaction and for more convenient, economicalcompaction (less insertions, less time) preferably use only

vibrators with diameters 57 or 65 mm, provided the rebar allows it.

The concrete will be compacted faultlessly thanks to the overlapping

40 cm6557


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Concrete technology

Layer depths when vibrating f resh concrete

Practical experience has shown thatevenly and horizontally spread

layers of

provide the best results in

concrete compaction.

approx. 50 cm(20 ) thickness


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Demolition

Utility

Concrete Technology

Internalvibrators


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Concrete technology

Concrete vibrating equipment: Internal vibrators

High frequency

30, 38, 45, 57k, 57 + 65 mm

IRFU IRSEN-FU

38, 45 + 57 mm

IREN

30, 38, 45, 57k, 57 + 65 mm

IRSEN

30, 38, 45, 57k + 57 mm


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Concrete technology


30, 38, 45, 57k, 57 + 65 mm

IRFU

High frequency internal vibrators advantages

IREN

30, 38, 45, 57k, 57 + 65 mm

High, constant compaction performance

Practical handling

Long-lasting design

Nearly maintenance-free

Protective hose with extra lengths

Low weight

Wide product range


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Concrete technology


Compressed air

PIR

35, 55 + 75 mm

Modular system

HMS

25, 35, 45, 50, 55 + 65 mm

For occasional concrete applications

Excellent compaction performance

Needs a compressor to operate

Problematic operation during winter season

Flexible through modular design Attractive pricing

High flexible shaft wear

Uncomfortable handling due to rigidity of flexshaft

High manpower costs


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Demolition

Utility

Concrete Technology

Externalvibrators


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Concrete technology

Concrete vibrating equipment: External vibrators

External vibrators

usually are firmly attached to the formwork in

precast concrete factories or on job sites

The compacting energy

generated by eccentric weights is transmit-

ted from the vibrator through the formwork

into the concrete.


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Concrete technology


Application areas

typically in precast concrete factories

repetitive elements, such as prefab

columns, walls, beams, etc.


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Concrete technology


Application areas

and on job sites for

elements with compli-

cated designs such ase.g. slanted surfaces

very narrow elements

elements with very

narrowly placed rebar elements with large

openings


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Concrete technology


Application areas

modern applications with fair-faced quality

surface finish

where a high quality of the surface isdemanded

where no pockets with fines or air

allowed

where consistent, fine-grained

surfaces required

where individual layers should not be

discernible


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ARFU 36

flexible for individual applications


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Concrete technology


Hungary

Krshegy bridge, the longest interurban bridge in Central Europe


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Concrete technology


AR 36

flexible for individual applications, here

Rental


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Soil and Asphalt

Compaction

Demolition

Utility

Concrete Technology

Converters

andinverters


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Concrete technology

Concrete vibrating equipment: Converters and inverters

1938

Wacker is the first company in the world

to patent and introduce

65 V safety voltage

for internal and later external vibrators


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Concrete technology



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Concrete technology


Mechanical converters FU series, e.g. FU 4/200 -> 3,8 kVA

from 20,6 to 69 A, 42 V, 200 Hz output

Inverters (electronic converters) *

FUE series, e.g. FUE 5/042/200 -> 3,8 kVAfrom 6 to 145 A, 42 or 250 V, 200 Hz output

* available for all standard international input voltages and frequencies


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Soil and Asphalt

Compaction

Demolition

Utility

Concrete Technology

Trowels


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Concrete technology

Strike-off, floating and surface troweling equipment: Trowels

Surface quality, hard and flat


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Concrete technology


Bladearm Blades or floating

pan (blade end)Direction of

rotation

Blade angle= 0

First phase 1: Wet surface

Last phase: Plastic to hard

Bladearm

Directionof rotation

Combination or

finishing blades(blade end)

Blade angle= 20 - 30


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Concrete technology



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Concrete technology


Edging trowelsCT

Troweling - 24(610 mm)

Drives: - Honda 4-cylce engine- Electric drive

Handles - 1 version

Hand-held trowelsCT

Troweling - 36 and 48(915 mm + 1220 mm)

Drives: - Honda 4-cylce engine- Wacker 4-cycle engine- Electric drive

Handles - 6 versions

Ride-on trowelsCRT

Troweling - 2 x 36 , 2 x 48(2 x 915 mm, 2 x 1220 mm)

Drives - Honda 4-cycle engine- Wacker 4-cycle engine- B & S Vanguard 4-cycle engine- Lombardini diesel

Wheel set - integrated in CRT 36


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Soil and Asphalt

Compaction

Demolition

Utility

Concrete Technology

Wet

screeds


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Concrete technology

Spreading, screeding and surface compacting equipment: Wet screed


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Wet screedP 35

Blade lengths - 1,2 1,5 1,8 2,0 2,4 3,0 3,7 4,3 4,9

Drives - Honda 4-cycle gasoline engineCentrifugal force - 7 settings


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Soil and Asphalt

Compaction

Demolition

Utility

Concrete Technology

Rebar

cutters


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Concrete technology

On site rebar cutting and bending: Rebar cutters


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Concrete technology


Rebarcutters

RCE 16/230 20/230 25/230 *

RCP 12/230 - 16/230 20/230 25/230 32/230 *

Patented features: Interchangeable head mechanism Various handles

Complete product range for almost all the usual rebar

diameters

Relief valve can be opened without tools (lever)

High cutting performance

Attractive, competitive price

Fixed handle

Only shearing head

Pressure relief valve can only be opened with

separate tool (Allen key) Low operating weight

High cutting performance Cutting : 16 25 mm

Cutting : 12 32 mm


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Soil and Asphalt

Compaction

Demolition

Utility

Concrete Technology

Rebar tying

machine


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Concrete technology

On site rebar t ie-down: Rebar tying machine

Rebar tying machine DF-16

for the quick and ergonomic tying of

reinforcing steel bars (rebar) on the job site.

The purpose of the tie-down is to develop a

stiff skeleton, a so-called reinforcing cage.

Tie-down performance up to: 1000 knots/h

Min. outside diameter: 5 + 6 mm

Max. outside diameter: 16 + 16 mm

Min. clearance reinforcement : 15 20 mm

Tie wires per wire strip: 77


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Concrete technology


Rebar tying machine DF-16

for the quick and ergonomic tying of

reinforcing steel bars (rebar) on the job site.

The purpose of the tie-down is to develop a

stiff skeleton, a so-called reinforcing cage.

Dimensions: 720 x 60 x 85 mm

Weight: 2,2 kg


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Tie-down procedure Work sequence

Clearance under rebar: min 15 20 mm

1 2 3 4 5 6

Load tie wire Position BendingFinished knotPullPush

Always position unit vertically

concrete technology manual

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