SHANKERSINH VAGHELA BAPU INSTITUTE OF

TECHNOLOGYBapu Gujarat Knowledge

Village

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WELCOME TO BUILDING MATERIALS:

Courtesy of;

KENETH .N. KAUNDA

MUGUME .R. ISMAIL

OOZILCAN JIHAD

SUBMITTED TO:

FACULTY:

Enrollment Number

160750106042

160750106044

16075010604

PROF. KAUSHAL RAVAL

DEPT. OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

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CONCRETE1.1.INTRODUCTION

Concrete is a mixture of cement/lime, sand, crushed rock and water. It is a major building material for construction workThe preparation of concrete is basically divided into two namely;

1. ingredients of concrete2. Methods of mixing concrete

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1.2. INGREDIENTS OF CONCRETE

cement water

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continued; sand

Lake Sand

Lake Sand Plaster Sand

Plaster Sand

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continued; Aggregates

Coarse Aggregates Fine Aggregates

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1.3. METHODS OF MIXING CONCRETE

Hand Mixingo This is done for small and important works.o Hand mixing of concrete should be done on a hard, clean water tight surface like concrete flooro it requires about 10% more of cement than in machine mixingoIt’s usually mixed by means of a shovel and a hoe.

Machine Mixingo The quality of machine mixed concrete is better than that of hand mixed concrete.o This is usually used for large scale worko Machine mixers are of two types that is; Rotary and tilting mixer.

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continued;

Hand Mixing Machine Mixing

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1.4. FORMWORK IN CONCRETE WORK

Description Concrete is contained in a timber or steel casing for a certain period after its placingThis casing is known as shuttering, centering and it’s removed after concrete has hardened sufficiently to support it’s own weight.Skill and experienced labour is required to provide a proper formwork.

Illustration

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1.5. REQUIREMENTS OF CONCRETE

The aggregates should be hard, durable and clean. The cement to be used for CC work should comply with standard requirements Water should be clean and free from harmful impurities. The mixing should be prepared with right grading as per requirement. The materials of concrete should be mixed thoroughly at least three times before water is added. Concrete should be handled and transported in such away that there is no segregation of aggregates. It should be consolidated properly by ramming, tamping, spreading and slicing Proper curing of concrete should be carried out.

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1.6. TYPES OF CONCRETE Plain Cement Concrete

(PCC)• PCC or Plain Cement Concrete is mainly used in foundation work or flooring works.

Reinforced Cement Concrete (RCC)

•This is one in which reinforcement is embedded for taking tensile stress. Steel reinforcement is added to concrete to make RCC. Used in beams, columns, slabs, stairs.

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continued;

Precast Concrete(PC) This is used when mass concrete work is required for huge and speedy construction work. It’s manufactured in industries and transported to the site

Pre-stressed Concrete (PSC) Here concrete is subjected to comprehensive stresses before external loads are applied. Mainly used for girders for bridges, electric poles etc.

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1.7. PROPERTIES AND USES OF CONCRETE

Properties Workability, which is the ease with which freshly prepared concrete can be transported and placed for the job. Strength. It’s the maximum load a concrete can carry without breaking. Durability: This is the capacity of hardened concrete to withstand all the forces of detoriation. Dimensional stability.

Uses Used in foundation as base concrete, floor concrete, slab etc. Used in highways, airports, traffic tunnels, rigid pavements etc. Used in Lining of canals and reservoirs, concrete dams, water storage tanks. used as coating material for water, sound and fire proofings.

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1.8. MERITS AND DEMERITS OF CONCRETE

Merits Possess high comprehensive strength It’s more economical than steel Not subjected to corrosive wreathing It’s a versatile material in building construction.Hard and durable material It has water tightness and strength

Demerits Has poor tensile strength Develops Shrinkage stresses Requires skill and supervision by technical people Repairing concrete is difficult as old and fresh concrete can’t bond easily Curing time of concrete is more

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