Completed under guidance of : Dr. M.P.S. CHAUHAN

By : AMRITESH KUMARI.D. : 130514CIVIL 3rd year

CC- Concrete ClothBS EN – British StandardsDIN – German Institute of Standardization.ISO – International Organization for

StandardizationOPC – Open Platform Communications ( a

series of standards and specifications for industrial telecommunication)

CBR – static puncture testASTM – American Society for Testing Materials.

There is a increasing demand for construction and construction materials worldwide, for that concrete is the most extensively used material in construction.

Concrete is being used for so many purposes in many different adverse conditions.

There are many advantages of concrete but there is one drawback – concrete is not flexible when it is hardened.

To overcome this drawback , a new construction material evolved as “CONCRETE CLOTH”

Concrete cloth is a flexible concrete impregnated fabric that hardens when hydrated to form a thin , durable , water proof and fire resistant concrete layer

Milliken Infrastructure solutions, LLC(also known as MIS) manufactures concrete cloth under the license from “Concrete Canvas Ltd” .it is marketed as concrete canvas.

Their specially designed, highly specialised machinery is used to permeate a custom cement blend with other additives that transform into a 3D synthetic fibre matrix with a PVC (polymerised vinyl chloride , a synthetic resin) coating on one surface.

Concrete cloth is for sale outside the US and Canada. There are installations in 15 US states and 3 Canadian provinces.

Dry concrete mixReinforcing fibre matrixFabric top surfacePVC bottom coating

Conctrete cloth can be used:

The product called concrete cloth was developed by a British engineering company called “Concrete canvas”.

It was the result of a competition run by British Cement Association under entry of Rapidly Deployable Emergency shelter .

The British army saw potential uses of this new material and started using concrete cloth as a method of reinforcing sandbag defences. This solution reduces degradation of sandbag walls in harsh environment such as Afghanistan .

In January 2008 , a small quantity was used on the frontline in Afghanistan to validate its performance.

As a result of these trials, the US Ministry of Defence had awarded concrete canvas a contract to supply 5500 m² (6600 yd²) to the frontline .

Concrete cloth – material of the year 2009

Strength : very high early strength is the fundamental characteristic of cc.

Compression testing based on ASTM C473 – 07 -10 day compression failure stress = 40Mpa - 10 day compressive young’s modulus = 1500Mpa Bending tests based on BS EN 12467:2004 - 10 day bending failure stress = 3.4Mpa - 10 day bending young’s modulus = 180Mpa Abrasion Resistance (ASTM C1353-8) - CC lost 60% less weight than marble over 1000 cycles.

Tensile testAbrasion resistance (DIN 52108) - similar to twice that of OPC Max 0.10 gm/cm²CBR puncture resistance EN ISO 12236:2007 (CCB &

CC13 only) - minimum push through force = 2.69kN - maximum Deflection at peak = 38mm Resistance to imposed loads on vehicle traffic areas EN 1991-1-1-:2002 (CCB & CC13 only) - category G compliant - Gross weight of 2 axle vehicle 30 to 160kN - Uniformly distributed load not exceeding 5kN/sq m

Natural : CC can be shaped to follow a natural watercourse ; woven surface can green over time.

Ditch lining installation method : 1) Prepare ground (if required) 2) Unroll and lay the concrete canvas. 3) Fix in-place (pegs, anchors trench or both) if

desired. 4) Join adjacent layers 5) Hydrate 6) Set

Inflation to create a surface that was optimised for compressive loading.

The shelter is deployed in 4 stages :1) Delivery- Shelter is supplied folded and sealed in a

sack . 2) Inflation- Electric fan is activated to inflate the

inner PVC lining and lift the structure till it is self supporting.

3) Hydration- The shelter is sprayed with water4) Setting-The concrete cloth cures in the shape of

inner PVC liner. The structure is ready to use in 24 hours.

CC can be hydrated using saline water or non saline water .

The minimum ratio of water to cc is 1:2 by weight.CC can not be over hydrated so an excess in

recommended .Recommended methods -Immersion : Immerse cc in water for a minimum of 90

seconds - spraying : Spray the dry CC with water until it is

saturated .*Re-spray CC again after 1 hour if ~Installing CC5 ~Installing CC on a steep or vertical surface ~Installing in warm climates.

A snap off type disposable blade is the most suitable tool for cutting CC before it is hydrated or set .

When cutting dry CC , a 20mm allowance should be left from the cut edge due to lost fill.

This could be avoided by wetting the CC prior to cutting .

CC can also be cut using handheld self sharpening powered disc cutters.

Cutting set CC : Set CC can be cut as with conventional concrete , with angle grinders , construction disc cutters or quality tile cutters.

CC Mechanical fixing : There are large number of mechanical fixings that are suitable for use with concrete canvas. Some of these fixings can be used in conjunction with the non-mechanical joining methods described later in this to improve the mechanical strength or water proofing properties of joints.

Staples : Wide range of manual , electrical or gas powered staplers are suitable for attaching CC to soft substrates such as wooden boarding for building cladding. commercially available hand staplers are suitable for fixing 2 layers of CC together where a small amount of compression force is required.

Nails : Standard nails can be used to attach CC. Alternatively , a power tool such as the Hill nail gun ,provide a quick and effective method of securing CC to hard surfaces such as concrete or rock. This may be appropriate where CC is being used to recondition an existing concrete surface. It is important to ensure that the nail is used with at least a 15mm washer to ensure the head does not penetrate through the surface of the canvas.

Screws : Self tapping screws provide a quick and readily available means of attaching CC to substrate or to itself. Typically applications include sandbag reinforcement or covering existing wooden or steel structure.

Snap off blade 3.5 Disc cutter

3.6 Angle girder Electric stapler

Standard nail attached to cc Self tapping screw

Hog rings: Hog rings are available in a wide range of sizes and can be applied to Concrete canvas using pneumatic , electrical or hand powered tools. This can be used to attach adjacent sheets of CC together by laying the material face to face (fibre side together) and then hog ringing at intervals along the edge.

Pegging: Pegging is recommended for ground surfacing applications such as ditch lining , slope stabilisation or erosion control. Typically pegs are specified every 2m for most applications, but this will vary depending on ground conditions.

The fibre surface of CC can be easily painted once set, using standard exterior masonry paint.

Alternatively Concrete Canvas Ltd. recommend a range of copolymer concrete surface treatments which can provide a coloured uniform finish and hydrophobic protection against staining and organic growth.

Fire resistant paints have also been shown to be effective when thermal performance is critical.

Quick : Unroll, place and wetSimple : Cannot be over-hydratedVersatile : One material , many usesDurable : Wear-resistant concrete Robust : Fibre matrix reinforcementPortable : Easily transported and deployed

without specialised equipment.

Ditch liningErosion and scour protectionSlope protection, weathered rock protectionExternal pipe protection & ballastInternal culvert repairSecondary containmentWeed control

Slope protection

Pipe protection

Culvert headwall Pipeline repair

Force protectionStructure upgradesHelipad construction / dust suppressionExpedient resurfacingDitch / Tank liningSlope protection

CC cannot be over hydrated Do not jet high pressure directly onto the cc

as this may wash a channel in the material.CC has a working of 1-2 hours after hydration

.So do not move it once it has begun to set.Working time will be reduced in hot climates.If cc is fully saturated , the set may be

delayed and strength reduced.

Concrete cloth is a boo to construction and management.

Concrete cloth may well seem like two words that should not be together , but more and more often, they do and this amazing fabric innovation is altering and improving the landscape of construction and other important industries.

It changes the way we think about concrete.