concept of motivation in psychology

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Concept of Motivation SATYA PRAKASH

JOSHI

ST.XAVIER'S COLLEGE 012BIM031 SATYA PRAKASH JOSHI CONCEPT OF MOTIVATION

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What is Motivation? Motivation is a psychological and human aspect. It is the act of inspiring

employees, peoples to devote maximum effort to achieve organizational

objectives and goals.

Motivation is defined as the process that initiates, guides and maintains goal-

oriented behaviors.

It involves the biological, emotional, social and cognitive forces that activate

behavior.ST.XAVIER'S COLLEGE 012BIM031

SATYA PRAKASH JOSHI CONCEPT OF MOTIVATION


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Type of Motives1. Primary or Psychological

2. Secondary, Social or Psychological


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Primary or Psychological Psychological arousal can provide the energy that activates social motives as

well as biological ones biological motives are largely rooted in the physiological

state of the body.

IT is primary it is essential for individual to survive.

The primary motive contains thirst, hunger, sleep, maternal need.


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Secondary, Social or Psychological They are acquired learned these motives result from mans’ interaction with his social environment some of social motives includes needs for prays, recognition, status, sympathy, power we can categorize secondary motives.

1. Achievement Motivation

2. Affiliation Motivation

3. Aggression Motivation

4. Work Motivation


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Achievement MotivationSome people are always continuously goals driven in their lives. This is their

achievement motivation. In the organization setting achievement oriented

employee always work hard when they think that they will receive personal

credits for their efforts.


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Affiliation MotivationIt is a social need. Human being are social by nature and always want company

share their basic emotional and help each other. Employees with affiliation needs

are more happy with like- minded people, feel more happy with reward.


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Aggression Motivation It is related to those behaviors that are intended to inflict physical or

psychological harm on others. Those believing is instinctive theory line Freud,

Lorence held that an aggression motive is linked with expresses itself destructive

and violent activates.

Aggression is caused by the frustration, and some time it is related to social

learning.


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Work Motivation When an individual is motivate by interpersonal or money or maternal gain his

behaviors become goal directed.

There are specific physiological and psychological deficiency to the person is

driven to satisfy.


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Types of motivation theoriesContent theories

Human needs and how people with different needs may respond to different work situations.

Process theoriesHow people give meaning to rewards and make decisions on various work-related behaviors.

Reinforcement theoryHow people’s behavior is influenced by environmental consequences.


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Type of Motivation

Type of Motivation

On the basis of Source

Extrinsic Motivation

Intrinsic Rewards

On the basis of approach

Positive Motivation

Negative Motivation


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Extrinsic Motivation Extrinsic motivation refers to behavior that is driven by external rewards

such as money, fame, grades, and praise.

This type of motivation arises from outside the individual, as opposed to

intrinsic motivation, which originates inside of the individual.


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Intrinsic Motivation Intrinsic motivation refers to behavior that is driven by internal rewards.

In other words, the motivation to engage in a behavior arises from within the individual because it is intrinsically rewarding.

This contrasts with extrinsic motivation, which involves engaging in a behavior in order to earn external rewards or avoid punishments.


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Positive Motivation Positive motivation initiates to offer rewards to persuade employees or workers by providing both monetary and non- monetary benefits.

The positive reward can be measured in terms of money, monetary incentives increment in salary, cash rewards, bonus payment, share profit and pension and etc.


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Negative Motivation Negatives motivation initiates to hold out some punishment to employees to induce desired behavior.

The negative motivation is measured in terms of monetary punishments, penalties, reduction of remuneration, bonus allowances, and reduction other financial incentives.

For Efficiency we have to give positive motivation but, according to situation, negative motivation also plays important role, so it can't be avoided.


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Perspective of Motivation Instinct Theory. Drive‐Reduction Theory. Arousal Theory. Hierarchy of Motives.


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Instinct Theory According to instinct theories, people are motivated to behave in certain ways because they are evolutionarily programmed to do so.

An example of this in the animal world is seasonal migration.

These animals do not learn to do this, it is instead an inborn pattern of behavior.


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Drive‐Reduction Theory. People are motivated to take certain actions in order to reduce the internal tension that is caused by unmet needs.

For example, you might be motivated to drink a glass of water in order to reduce the internal state of thirst.

This theory is useful in explaining behaviors that have a strong biological component, such as hunger or thirst.

For example, people often eat even when they are not really hungry.


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Arousal Theory It suggest to people take certain actions to either decrease or increase levels of arousal.

When arousal levels get too low, for example, a person might watch and exciting movie or go for a jog.

When arousal levels get too high, on the other hand, a person would probably look for ways to relax such as meditating or reading a book.

According to this theory, we are motivated to maintain an optimal level of arousal, although this level can vary based on the individual or the situation.


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Hierarchal Need TheoryAbraham Maslow (1970) suggested some needs have priority over others. Physiological needs like breathing, thirst and hunger come before psychological needs like achievement, self‐esteem and need for recognition.


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Thank You…

concept of motivation in psychology

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