CONCEPTCONCEPTGlobal warming has resulted from C02 emission that results from the Global warming has resulted from C02 emission that results from the burning of coal, diesel, and gas to generate electricity that we use for daily burning of coal, diesel, and gas to generate electricity that we use for daily living. Some developing communities like in India have not had access to living. Some developing communities like in India have not had access to conventional forms of electricity generation.Over 300 million rural Indians conventional forms of electricity generation.Over 300 million rural Indians live without electricity. They are still burning kerosene, like we did one-live without electricity. They are still burning kerosene, like we did one-hundred-fifty years ago. hundred-fifty years ago.

But some Indians, like the Molini family, acquire electricity by investing in But some Indians, like the Molini family, acquire electricity by investing in renewable energy technology to enter the modern world. They bypass renewable energy technology to enter the modern world. They bypass pollutive means to enhance their quality-of-life and enjoy sustainable pollutive means to enhance their quality-of-life and enjoy sustainable living. Meanwhile Americans, like the Gallaghers, use similar technologyliving. Meanwhile Americans, like the Gallaghers, use similar technologyto escape the modern traps of civilization.to escape the modern traps of civilization.

We are making a film that explores the use of renewable technology by We are making a film that explores the use of renewable technology by both the Gallaghers and Mollas to illustrate and pose solutions for urban both the Gallaghers and Mollas to illustrate and pose solutions for urban and rural need for electricity. People all over the world are demanding and rural need for electricity. People all over the world are demanding more energy, and with rising concerns of global warming, traditional rural more energy, and with rising concerns of global warming, traditional rural Indian practices pose a solution for cleaner, sustainable energy practices.Indian practices pose a solution for cleaner, sustainable energy practices.

Off the Grid: Comparing Energy Practices and Choices in US and IndiaOff the Grid: Comparing Energy Practices and Choices in US and India Vinit Parmar and Micha Tomkiewicz – Brooklyn College of CUNYVinit Parmar and Micha Tomkiewicz – Brooklyn College of CUNY

Contact: VParmar@brooklyn.cuny.eduContact: VParmar@brooklyn.cuny.edu

B: Off-the-Grid in the Sundarbans Region, IndiaB: Off-the-Grid in the Sundarbans Region, IndiaLocated in the Indian subcontinent region are the Sundarbans islands, the Located in the Indian subcontinent region are the Sundarbans islands, the largest urban wetland tributary in the world. All four million residents of these largest urban wetland tributary in the world. All four million residents of these islands live off the electrical grid, while more than 300 million Indians have no islands live off the electrical grid, while more than 300 million Indians have no access to electricity in India. How do they cook, get warmth, and light at access to electricity in India. How do they cook, get warmth, and light at night? How do they charge their cell phones and watch television?night? How do they charge their cell phones and watch television?

C: Thousands of Years Ago, and Still TodayC: Thousands of Years Ago, and Still TodayEver since coal and oil gas has been available for the last five hundred years, the residents Ever since coal and oil gas has been available for the last five hundred years, the residents rely on kerosene for light at night. They use diesel fuel on boats for transportation. They get rely on kerosene for light at night. They use diesel fuel on boats for transportation. They get the diesel from the mainland.the diesel from the mainland.

A: Comparison of Energy ConsumptionA: Comparison of Energy ConsumptionThe USA’s population is 300 million and it consumes 23% of all the The USA’s population is 300 million and it consumes 23% of all the electricity in the world. India has a population of 1.1 billion and electricity in the world. India has a population of 1.1 billion and consumes 3.7% of the world’s electricity.consumes 3.7% of the world’s electricity. http://www.bp.com/statisticalreview

In India, the darker, less-lit areas are occupied by people who do In India, the darker, less-lit areas are occupied by people who do not have access to electricity and who want very much to have not have access to electricity and who want very much to have electricity so that their children may do homework in the evening electricity so that their children may do homework in the evening and that their families may watch TV and listen to the radio.and that their families may watch TV and listen to the radio.

G: Progressive Conservation PracticesG: Progressive Conservation PracticesA helper pummels green leaves and poultry waste as fertilizer into manure; dumped A helper pummels green leaves and poultry waste as fertilizer into manure; dumped into an enclosed pit as this mixture decomposes and oxidizes in this home-owned into an enclosed pit as this mixture decomposes and oxidizes in this home-owned bio-gas generator to make natural cooking gas, which emerges through a blue tube bio-gas generator to make natural cooking gas, which emerges through a blue tube from the dome. This tube feeds a cooker, which Indra ignites.from the dome. This tube feeds a cooker, which Indra ignites.

D: A Solar Power PlantD: A Solar Power PlantSince the 1990s, Abujafar Molla has been the engineer of Gosaba Island’s 500 Since the 1990s, Abujafar Molla has been the engineer of Gosaba Island’s 500 kilowatt solar power plant, which supplies electricity generated by using renewable kilowatt solar power plant, which supplies electricity generated by using renewable energy technology, i.e., burning wood without emitting polluting smoke and ashes.energy technology, i.e., burning wood without emitting polluting smoke and ashes.

E: Night LifeE: Night LifeEveryday from 5:00PM to 11:00PM, 600 of of 5,000 homes get electricity from Everyday from 5:00PM to 11:00PM, 600 of of 5,000 homes get electricity from the solar plant. Businesses extend work hours and people enjoy their evening the solar plant. Businesses extend work hours and people enjoy their evening at the Gosaba market. The residents feel safe, due to the drastic decrease in at the Gosaba market. The residents feel safe, due to the drastic decrease in the number of snake-bites upon illumination.the number of snake-bites upon illumination.

F: Traditional Indian Conservation PracticesF: Traditional Indian Conservation PracticesTo cook, Indra Molla collects cow dung, and prepares it into paddies to dry. She gathers wood from around the two acres of land they own. Then, Indra To cook, Indra Molla collects cow dung, and prepares it into paddies to dry. She gathers wood from around the two acres of land they own. Then, Indra places chunks of dried cow dung, branches and sticks into a clay oven nestled in the ground, and burns the mixture for an unlimited supply of free places chunks of dried cow dung, branches and sticks into a clay oven nestled in the ground, and burns the mixture for an unlimited supply of free cooking heat. This traditional, sustainable practice has been used by Indians for thousands of years. cooking heat. This traditional, sustainable practice has been used by Indians for thousands of years.

H: A Renewable Energy StoreH: A Renewable Energy StoreA local solar shop sells renewable energy appliances. Residents can rent charged A local solar shop sells renewable energy appliances. Residents can rent charged batteries or buy solar home lighting kits and bio-gas generators to make cook gas.batteries or buy solar home lighting kits and bio-gas generators to make cook gas.

I: Investing for the FutureI: Investing for the FutureMr. Molla bought from the solar shop a solar kit to generate electricity for two lights, Mr. Molla bought from the solar shop a solar kit to generate electricity for two lights, a fan, and a tv. Their children can now study in the evenings.a fan, and a tv. Their children can now study in the evenings.

J: Indians Keep Up With New TrendsJ: Indians Keep Up With New Trends An Energy Park shows ways to enjoy sustainable and economical living. The park promises a fun hands-on recreational and educational An Energy Park shows ways to enjoy sustainable and economical living. The park promises a fun hands-on recreational and educational experience. Supported by the West Bengal Energy Renewable Development Agency, the park illustrates ways in which the State provides experience. Supported by the West Bengal Energy Renewable Development Agency, the park illustrates ways in which the State provides pollution-free energy choices to various communities throughout the State.pollution-free energy choices to various communities throughout the State.

K: At Home in the USA: Saving Our Precious BackyardK: At Home in the USA: Saving Our Precious BackyardFrom New York, Phil and Mary Gallagher drive to a remote Maine vacation cabin located off the From New York, Phil and Mary Gallagher drive to a remote Maine vacation cabin located off the electrical grid. It is set behind a lake and a handful of very tall pine trees. How will they manage to electrical grid. It is set behind a lake and a handful of very tall pine trees. How will they manage to cook, to keep warm, and to see at night? Will they be able to charge a cell phone or watch television?cook, to keep warm, and to see at night? Will they be able to charge a cell phone or watch television?

L: Can And Will Americans Help Combat Global Warming?L: Can And Will Americans Help Combat Global Warming?Phil and Mary get prepared by fixing the propane gas for cooking, connecting a fresh water line from a nearby spring, and gathering wood for the fireplace.Phil and Mary get prepared by fixing the propane gas for cooking, connecting a fresh water line from a nearby spring, and gathering wood for the fireplace.

Concept QuestionConcept QuestionCan we learn to live this way? Can we learn to live this way?

What can we do now that is What can we do now that is economical and sustainable?economical and sustainable?