concentrated solar power (csp): the general context and...
TRANSCRIPT
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Concentrated solar power
(CSP): the general context and
the particle option Gilles Flamant,
Inma Perez
&
Benjamin Grange
CNRS
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Overview
➢What is Concentrated Solar Energy (or CSP)?
➢State-of-the-art of concentrating solar
technology for power production
➢The future of concentrating solar power plants
➢The particle option for the next generation of
concentrating solar power plants
➢The Next-CSP, H2020 European Project
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What is Concentrated
Solar Energy (or CSP)?
A set of mirrors concentrates the sun light to a solar absorber
that heats a heat transfer fluid or a reactive medium,
Concentrating
system
Electricity (CPV)
Electricity (Thermal conversion)
Solar fuels
Process heat
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What is concentrated
Solar Energy (or CSP)?
300°C-500°C 500°C-1500°C
Concentrator
Focus
Linear (100 suns)
400-500°C
Point (1000-10 000 suns)
500-2000°C
Fixe
Mobile
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Useful Solar Resource
DNI not GHI !
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Useful Solar Resource
The useful solar resource for CSP is the Direct Normal Irradiation (DNI).
DNI above 1800-2000 kWh/m2.a is considered as favorable for CSP deployment
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State-of-the-art of
concentrating solar
technology for power
production
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State of the Art of CSP
technology
✓ The main asset of CSP technology is the massive storage
capacity of heat (industrially up to 3 GWh) that unables up to
14h electricity production at full power after sunset.
✓ Today molten salt thermal energy storage (TES) is the only
industrial option with operating temperature in the range 290-
550°C.
✓ Installed solar plants power ranges from 10 MWe to 250 MWe
NOOR 1, 160 MW,
3h storage full capacity
(Morrocco)
Crescent Dunes, 110 MW,
10h storage full capacity
(USA)
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State of the Art of CSP
technology,
Cost of electricity
Decrease of electricity cost
Source: IRENA, Renewable power generation costs (2018)
➢ Decrease of electricity cost similar to
PV 5 years ago
➢ Doubling the installed power capacity
reults in about 30% solar thermal
electricity cost
➢ Cost divided by 2 in 4 years
➢ Last offer at 7.3 c$/kWh with 10h
storage in MENA region
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State of the Art of CSP
technology,
Capacity Factor
By comparison, mean capacity factor
of wind and PV without storage are,
Wind: 27%
PV: 18%
(IRENA 2016)
To produce electricity when needed
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State of the Art of CSP
technology,
Molten salt TESMolten salt TES and HTF in solar tower
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State of the Art of CSP
technology,
Cycle efficiencyCurrent cycle efficiency 38-43%
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State of the Art of CSP
technology,
Heat transfer fluidsLimited working temperature range of current liquid HTF
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800
Thermal Oil
Solar Salt
HITEC
HITEC XL
Na
LBE
T (K)T (°C)
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The future of concentrating
solar power plants
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The future of CSP
technology
Bottlenecks
Main issues
Source: W Stein & R Buck, Solar Energy (2017), 152, 91
• Cost and efficiency of the
concentrating system
• Working temperature of
the solar receiver / heat
transfer fluid
• Capacity and power of the
TES
• Thermodynamic cycle
efficiency
• Environmental impact
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The future of CSP
technology
Thermodynamic cycles
Combined Cycles (hybrid)
Supercritical Cycles
Options to increase cycle efficiency by 25%
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The future of CSP
technology
HTF & TES
➢ Heat transfer fluids (HTF)
✓ New high temperature molten salt
✓ High pressure gas
✓ Particles
➢ Thermal energy storage (TES) medium
✓ Liquid
✓ Solid
✓ Phase change
✓ Thermochemical
➢ Thermal energy storage (TES) system
✓ Two-tank
✓ Single tank thermocline
Options
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The particle option for the
next generation of
concentrating solar power
plants
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The Particle CSP
technology
Principle
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The Particle CSP
technology
Particle CSP with combined cycle
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Hot Storage
Rotary Valve
Solar Receiver
aeration
FluidizationDispenser
Bucket Elevator
Fluidization
aeration Air Heater/Exchanger
« On Sun » operation
Cold Storage
aeration
Hot pressurized air to Gas Turbine
Principle
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Hot Storage
Rotary Valve
Solar Receiver
Dispenser
Bucket Elevator
Fluidization
aeration Air Heater/exchangerCold Storage
« Off Sun » operation
aeration
Hot pressurized air to Gas Turbine
Principle
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The Particle CSP
technology
International developmentFalling curtain Centrifugal receiver Fluidized particles in
tubes
SANDIA (USA)KSU (Saudi Arabia)
Univ. Adelaïde (Autralia)
DLR (Germany) PROMES (France)
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The Particle CSP
technology
International development
Falling curtain Centrifugal receiver Fluidized particles in
tubes
SANDIA
1 MWth solar receiver
tested (2016)
DLR
500 kWth SR + storage +
heat exchanger (2020)
Solar receiver esting
2018
CNRS-PROMES
3 MWth SR + storage +
heat exchanger + turbine
(2019)
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The Next-CSP, H2020 European Project
2016-2020
High Temperature concentrated solar thermal
power plant with particle receiver and direct
thermal storage
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The Next-CSP project
Partners
Participant No Participant organisation name Main contribution Country
1 Centre National de la Recherche
Scientifique
Coordination, pilot
testing FR
2 Electricité de France Concept scaling up FR
3 Schlaich Bergermann & Partners Gmbh Heliostat field DE
4 Fundacion IMDEA Energia Integration of high
efficiency cycles SP
5 COnstructions MEcaniques de Schiltigheim-
Strasbourg SA Process design FR
6 Whittaker Engineering Limited Manufacturing and
integration UK
7 European Powder and Process Technology Particle flow behavior BE
8 Katholieke Univerisiteit Leuven Environmental impact BE
9 Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse Particle flow modeling FR
10 Euronovia Communication,
dissemination FR
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The Next-CSP project
Objectives
To improve the reliability and performance of Concentrated
Solar Power (CSP) plants through the development and
integration of a new technology based on the use of high
temperature (750-800°C) particles as heat transfer fluid and
storage medium.
To test innovation for the next generation of CSP plants
with respect to: heat transfer fluids which can be used for
direct thermal energy storage; the solar field and high
temperature receivers allowing for new cycles.
To demonstrate the technology in a relevant environment
(TRL5) and at a significant size (3 MWth).
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The Next-CSP project
Some key issues
➢ Solar receiver✓ Working temperature at the limit of alloys mechanical
resistance
✓ Particle flow stability
✓ Heat transfer between the wall and the fluidized particles
➢ Particle-pressurized air heat exchanger✓ Compactness due to low wall-to-air heat exchange
coefficient
➢ Process integration✓ Control of particle circulation in close loop
✓ Weight of the complete system
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The Next-CSP project
Pilot loop integration
Concentrated solar beam
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The Next-CSP project
Pilot loop integration
Gas turbine
Solar loop
Power cabinet
Solar receiver 3x3 m
Hot storage and
Particle heat exchanger
Cold storage
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The Next-CSP project
Small-scale solar tests
Single-tube on-sun testingMean particle diameter: 50 μm
Absorber tube
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The Next-CSP project
Small-scale solar tests
Single-tube on-sun testingParticle temperature increase with
1m irradiated length(solar flux density: about 270 kW/m2)
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The Next-CSP projectControl of the solar flux
distribution on receiver tubes
To reduce the maximum temperature on metallic walls
No Aiming Strategy Aiming Strategy
Max flux density 650 kW/m²
Max power 3 MW
Max flux density 2.3 MW/m²
Max power 4.2 MW
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The Next-CSP projectControl of the solar flux
distribution on receiver tubes
To reduce the maximum temperature on metallic walls
No Aiming Strategy Aiming Strategy
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Thank you
Acknowledgements: “This project has received funding from the
European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme
under grant agreement No 727762, Next-CSP project."