con 4003/cve 4073/cve 5073 construction estimating prof r. v. locurcio

CHAPTER 13PLUMBING

CON 4003/CVE 4073/CVE 5073 Construction Estimating

Prof R. V. Locurcio

What is Plumbing?

plumbing plumb = lead = many original piping

systems lead also used in joining copper pipes

The system of pipes, tanks, fittings, and other apparatus required for the water supply, heating, and sanitation in a building.

Most Common Materials

PVC (Water, Sewer and Vent) Sanitary Mains are typically 4” in a

home, and vary in size from 2”-3” The main sanitary line will connect from

the tap at the municipal main near the property boundary to the structure it serves

CPVC (Hot Water)

Copper Pipe (Potable Water) Runs from the water meter at the

property line to the structure it serves Sizes usually range from ½” to 2” within

a home

PVC vs. CPVC

PVC stands for polyvinyl chloride. It has become a common replacement for metal piping. PVC’s strength, durability, easy installation, and low cost have made it one of the most widely used plastics in the world. ASTM standard allows PVC to be used in applications not exceeding 140 degrees F. Temperatures over this can cause softening of the material and weakening of joints.

CPVC is altered by a free radical chlorination reaction that effectively increases the chlorine content of the material. This difference in makeup allows CPVC to withstand a wider range of temperatures. This is why many building codes require the use of CPVC as opposed to PVC for use in hot water applications. CPVC can handle temperatures up to 200 degrees F.

Copper vs. PVC Cost

Fittings for Different Pipe Types

FITTINGS SHARED AMONG DIFFERENT PIPE TYPES

FITTING TYPE COPPER Water IN

SEWER (PVC) Water OUT Intended Use

Elbow 45°

Redirect Flow

Elbow 90°

Redirect Flow

Coupling

Connect two similar sized pipes.

3 Way Tee

Connect three similar sized pipes together

Fittings - PVC Sewer Pipe

FITTING

TYPE PVC/SEWER

Intended Use

Bushing

Reduces Pipe Size within a fitting. Technician can keep many PVC sizes of these on hand and eliminate the need to carry directional reducers.

Sewer Tee

Connect three sewer pipes together, with sloped ends for increased flow.

Cleanout

Provides temporary access to waste line for clog removal or cleaning

Toilet Flange

Provides a drain connection for toilet

Fittings for Copper Pipe

FITTING TYPE COPPER/WATER Intended Use

Reducer

Allows a smaller pipe to be connected to a larger pipe, reducing the pipe size.

Shutoff Valve

Allows the user to shutoff water flow entirely for inside service. Required by code.

Stubout

Provides a closed section of pipe that can be cut later for finish plumbing. Needs to be closed for pressure testing prior to certificate of occupancy.

Air Chamber

Prevents water hammer noise by allowing water momentum to follow a different path rather than “slamming” into the shutoff valve.

PVC Plumbing

Quick PVC “How To”

Step 1: Cut the pipe to the length of your desires

Step 2: Chamfer the inner and outer edges

Step 3: Dry fit the pipe and make alignment marks

Step 4: Apply purple primer, then cement to both contact surfaces

Step 5: Join pipes together and align marks. The cement dries in about a minute. Voila!

Copper Plumbing

Quick Copper Plumbing “How To”

Step 1: Cut the pipe

Step 2: Deburr the pipe

Step 3: Clean the outside of pipe with sandpaper

Step 4: Clean the inside of pipe with brush

Step 5: Apply solder flux. This helps draw in the solder after heat is applied

Step 6: Apply heat to the joint opposite the side solder is applied. Once the joint is hot enough, solder will melt and be drawn into the joint. This takes about 15 seconds.

Typical Bathroom Plumbing

Sewer Vent

Lavatory Drain Pipe

Hot water

Cold Water

Toilet Flange

Shutoff Valve

Typical Bathroom Plumbing

90° PVC Elbow

Sanitary PVC Pipe Copper Pipe

Copper Tee

Reducing Sanitary Tee

P Trap

PVC Tee with

Reducing Bushing

The P-trap provides a water “barrier” that allows fluid to pass through and then settles back to block sewer gas from reentering the room through the fixture inlet. The vent prevents the siphoning effect that would prevent the water from settling back into the P-trap zone. It must be placed before the top of the DWV Pipe falls below the elevation of the flow line of the pipe as it leaves the trap.

The P-Trap

Determine the water line components needed to complete the copper water supply for the bathroom shown in the figure to the left.

Note: The book expects you to “approximate” the lengths. Most plans will have details that accurately describe the plumbing dimensions and required fixtures.

EXAMPLE PROBLEM 1

Estimating Pipe Lengths

Find the materials for the hot water line.

19 LF of ¾” pipe is required for the HOT water line. It tees off to supply hot water to FOUR (4) lavatories. Each tee needs ONE (1) 90 elbow and ONE ( ½ x 6) inch stub-out for a total of FOUR (4) each.

Item¾ inch Pipe 19 LF

1 inch Pipe

1 ¼ inch Pipe

(¾ x ¾ x ½) inch tee

4

(1 x 1 ¼ x ½) inch tee

(1 x 1 x ½) inch tee

(1 x ¾ x ½) inch tee

(1 ¼ x 1 ¼ x ½) inch tee

90° Elbow (½ x ½) inch

4

90° Elbow (¾ x ½) inch

Air Chamber

Stub Out (½ x 6) inch

4

Find the LF for the COLD water Line

8 LF of ¾ pipe expands to 3 LF of 1 inch pipe, which then expands to 1 ¼ inch pipe for the remaining 8 LF.

Item¾ inch Pipe 19 LF + 8 LF

1 inch Pipe 3 LF

1 ¼ inch Pipe 8 LF


4




(1 ¼ x 1 ¼ x ½) inch tee


4


Air Chamber


4

Cold Pipe Materials for FOUR (4) Lavatories.

Item Quantity

¾ inch Pipe 19 LF + 8 LF

1 inch Pipe 3 LF

1 ¼ inch Pipe 8 LF


4 + 3




1

(1 ¼ x 1 ¼ x ½) inch tee


4


Air Chamber


4

½ inch Pipe

Going from right to left, THREE (3) ( ¾ x ¾ x ½ ) inch tees and 1 ( ¾ x 1 x ½ ) inch tee is needed.

1 2

3 4

12

43

The remaining tees are counted in similar fashion.

Item Quantity

¾ inch Pipe 19 LF + 8 LF

1 inch Pipe 3 LF

1 ¼ inch Pipe 8 LF


4 + 3


1


2


1

(1 ¼ x 1 ¼ x ½) inch tee

2


4 + 6


Air Chamber


4

½ inch Pipe

Going from left to right, THREE (1 ¼ x 1 ¼ x ½) inch tees, ONE (1 ¼ x 1 x ½ ) inch tee, and TWO ( 1 x 1 x ½ ) inch tees are needed. For each tee a 90° Elbow is required for the stubout for a total of SIX (6) tees and elbows.

The water closets (toilets) require 18 inch risers, and the urinal requires a 30 inch riser (taken from the textbook).

Item¾ inch Pipe 19 LF + 8 LF

1 inch Pipe 3 LF

1 ¼ inch Pipe 8 LF


4 + 3


1


2


1

(1 ¼ x 1 ¼ x ½) inch tee

2


4 + 6


1

Air Chamber 1


(4 x 6 inch)

½ inch Pipe 18” + 30”

An air chamber is also required that is ½ “ x 12” and needs a reducing 90° Elbow (¾ x ½) inch.

Drain Waste and Vent

Also called DWV system Carries wastewater from building Waste pipes carry water with solid waste Drain pipes carry water without solid

waste Please don’t ask me what solid waste

looks like The vent keeps everything going downhill

DWV Example Problem

Determine the DWV components needed to complete the DWV system shown. The horizontal waste piping is 2 FT below the finished floor, the horizontal vent piping is 9 FT above the finished floor, and the vent terminates 14 FT above the finished floor.

Its not rocket science but it’s a good idea to get to know the abbreviations used in the plan.

FD = Floor DrainWC = Water Closet or Toilet

L = Lavatory or SinkWCO = Wall Clean Out

UR = Urinal

DWV Example Problem

Starting with the Cleanout (WCO)4 LF of 2” PIPE

12 LF of 4” PIPE

1 2” Cleanout Plug

8 LF of 2” PIPE

1 2” Cleanout Adapter

1 4”x4”x2” Reducing Sanitary Tee1 4”x2” Bushing

1 2” Sanitary Tee

2 2” 90° Elbows

1 4”x4”x3” Reducing Sanitary Tee

1 4”x4”x2” Reducing Sanitary Tee

2 4”x4”x3” Reducing Sanitary Tees

DWV Example Problem

Then the Lavatory Risers

8 LF of 2” PIPE

4 6” long sections of 2” PIPE4 Male Adapters

2 Double 2” Sanitary Tees

DWV Example Problem

Now the Water Closet & Urinal Risers1 LF of 3” PIPE

2 LF of 3” PIPE

3 LF of 2” Pipe

1 3” Sanitary Tee

1 3”x2” Bushing

2 LF 3” Pipe

2 3” Double Sanitary Tees

1 6” Length of 2” Pipe

1 2” Sanitary Tee

4 3” 90° Elbows

8 LF 3” Pipe

2 3”x2” Bushing

4 3” Toilet Flanges

DWV Example Problem

Then the Floor Drains

1 LF of 2” PIPE

8 LF of 2” PIPE

2 2” Floor Drains

1 2” Double Sanitary Tee

2 P-Traps

DWV Example Problem

Finally the Vent Piping

21 LF of 2” PIPE

30 LF of 2” PIPE

1 3” Tee

5 LF of 3” Pipe

15 LF of 2” Pipe

4 2” Tees2 2” 90° Elbows

2 3”x2” Bushings

DWV Example Problem

Then finish off with odds and ends7 2” Test Caps

1 Thermoplastic Roof Flashing

5 3” Test Caps

1 Decorative Cleanout Cover

Plumbing Riser

The aftermath

There’s lots of info on my web site

Once you have completed the quantity takeoff you can then use simple math to add everything up and price the job accordingly.

Use the HW template

That’s all for today…

Welcome back…

Questions?

con 4003/cve 4073/cve 5073 construction estimating prof r. v. locurcio

Documents

home pvc

pvc cost fittings

inside of pipe

outside of pipe

water meter

water supply

water barrier

hot water applications