computer science department introduction to computers and programming knowledge: understand the...

Computer Science Department

Introduction To Computers and Introduction To Computers and ProgrammingProgramming

Knowledge:Understand the concepts of computer, hardware, software and programming

FTSMFTSM

TK1913-C ProgrammingTK1913-C Programming 22

What is a computer?What is a computer?“A device or machine which can be programmed to receive data and perform manipulation, such as arithmetic calculation and logic processing, and generate processed data systematically” – DBP 1995


History of ComputerHistory of Computer The 1st electronic computer was created by Dr John

Atanasoff and Clifford Berry in year 1930s at Iowa State University. It was intended for postgraduate students in nuclear physics to calculate complex arithmetics

ENIAC (electronic digital computer) was created in year 1946 at University of Pennsylvania under the American Defense’s financial assistance. Its weight was 30 tans and size was 30x50 square feet

1950 - now => Microcomputer (workstation), minicomputer, mainframe and supercomputer


Computer HardwareComputer Hardware Input Devices

Capture/receive input from users Central Processing Unit (CPU)

Execute instructions; compute, compare and transform data

Primary Storage or Main Memory Temporary storage for data/programs

Output Devices Produce output/result

Secondary Storage Devices Permanent storage for data/programs


Computer HardwareComputer Hardware

Keyboard (Input Device)

Speaker (Output Device)

Hard disk (Secondary Storage) Memory i.e. RAM & ROM (Primary Storage)

Floppy disk (Secondary Storage)

CD ROM, DVD ROM (Secondary Storage)

Mouse (Input Device)

Printer (Output Device)

Monitor Screen (Output Device)


Computer SoftwareComputer Software Program

An organized list of instructions that, when executed, causes the computer to behave in a predetermined manner.

Without programs, computers are useless. A program is like a recipe. It contains a list of ingredients (called variables) and a list of directions (called statements) that tell the computer what to do with the variables. The variables can represent numeric data, text, or graphical images.

Software An executable program that is run in the computer 2 types of software:

System Software Application Software


Computer SystemComputer SystemThe diagram below illustrates the anatomy of a computer system

UserUser

App. SoftwareApp. Software

Syst. SoftwareSyst. Software

HardwareHardware


Computer EnvironmentComputer Environment Personal Computer

All components are directly connected and not shared by others (stand-alone)

Time-sharing Several users share hardware resources

Client-server Computer tasks are divided between central

computer and users’ computers


Roles of ComputerRoles of Computer Data Processing

Transform raw data into organised and meaningful information

Control Control tools that are difficult to be controlled

by human

Design and Development Data Communication


Concepts of ProgrammingConcepts of Programming A planning process for a sequence of instruction

to be executed by the computer Programming is performed to solve a particular

problem Phases involved:

Problem Analysis General Solution (Algorithm) Validation Detailed Solution (Coding) Testing


Programming LanguagesProgramming Languages Machine Language

Consists of code 0 and 1 The only language that computer understands

Symbolic/Assembly Language Uses symbols or mnemonic to represent machine

language instruction Needs to be translated into machine language

High-Level Language Resembles human language. E.g. English Language Needs to be translated into machine language


Types of ProgrammingTypes of Programming Structured

Pascal, C, COBOL, FORTRAN Functional

Scheme, LISP Object-Oriented

Java, C++ Logic-based

Prolog Scripts

Perl, Visual Basic, Javascript


End of Lecture 1End of Lecture 1

Yes !! That’s all? Yes !! That’s all? What’s next???What’s next???

ALGORITHMALGORITHM on the on the way … way …

computer science department introduction to computers and programming knowledge: understand the...

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