Computer MotherboardA computer motherboard Is a board upon which entire computer is interconnected

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Major parts of MotherboardA Motherboard has major parts such as1. Processor ( and its cooling system)2. Sockets3. Slots4. North bridge5. South bridge6. Primary memory7. Secondary memory8. CMOS battery9. Peripheral ports

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Typical motherboard diagram is shown belowTypical Desktop motherboard.

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Typically mounted Laptop Motherboard

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Motherboard architectural drawing

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I. PROCESSORThis is like the brain of computer, it receives input instructions and processes it toproduce the required output. There are many vendors which manufacture Processors such as Intel, AMD, Motorola,IBM, Cyrix (VIA) Alpha etc. The most dominant processor maker is Intel followed closely by AMD Each processor works with particular motherboard with unique processor socket/slot,that is an Intel motherboard will not work with an AMD motherboard. The processors will interface with its outside components via FSB, known as Front SideBus. Observe above diagram

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II. SOCKETSComputer motherboard has the first and its largest socket for its processors. There hasbeen many types of computer sockets such as the old socket 7 which was the first andthe last to work for three types of processors. Intel, AMD and Cyrix Processors. Thereafter each processors from a different maker has a unique socket for their processors.

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Usually there are sockets, slots and embedded technologies for mounting a processorinto a motherboard. Slots are not commonly used whereas the embedded processors aresandwiched into a motherboard just as any other components. Thus it is permanentlysoldered into a motherboard. If processor fails the entire motherboard will be thrownaway. Normally embedded processors are for industrial applications and some PCs suchas Cyrix (VIA) makes a all in one motherboards with embedded VIA processor.

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Typically there are two most commonly used processor sockets PGA (Pin Grid Array)and LGA (Land Grid Array) For PGA socket has HOLES while Processor has PINS, for LGA socket has PINS andprocessor has grid array CONTACTS. For Slot processor mounting system slot hasCONTACTS and Processor Mounting board has Dual In Line CONTACTS.

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LGA Socket with PINS

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LGA grid array contacts

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Typical PGA Processors with PINS

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Embedded Processor with heat sink mounted.

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Processor cooling system involvesThermal compound, it is a white compound applied between processor and heat sink Heat sink with cooling fins Fan

Typical heat sinks with a fan

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IDE or PATA Socketthe socket mounts the PATA HDD into the motherboard via a flatcable. The pin number 1 in the flat cable is denoted by red colour and a guider such thatthe drive connection may interchanged. The socket colour denotes between primary andsecondary drives and one socket and one cable may connect up to two drive in Master Slave connections by jumper settings on the rear of drive, or cable select

IDE, PATA motherboard socket

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IDE, PATA one end connector. Both ends are alike (Similar)

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SATA Sockets, for this type of socket the cable is thinner and contains fewer cables (7)than that of PATA (40). The socket is also smaller than that of PATA and can connect asingle drive.Section of

Section of motherboard showing SATA sockets in yellow colour

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SATA Data cable

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CMOS battery socketAs illustrated in the slide BIOS chip socketAs illustrated in the slide Front Panel socketAs illustrated in the slide Front USB socketAs illustrated in the slide Front audio jack socketAs illustrated in the slide

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III. SLOTS PCI Slots, holds system upgrade PCI Riser cards

Typical Section of motherboard, PCI slots

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RAM Slot, holds system memory few examples are shown bellowTypical section of computer motherboard, DDR3 RAM slots, there are few more types of RAM slots

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AGP Slots, Holds VDU Riser cardTypical Computer motherboard section showing AGP marked with Yellow colour

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Typical AGP graphics card

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AMR Slot, Holds system Modem Riser cardTypical section of computer motherboard, AMR slot

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IV. NORTH BRIDGE CHIPSET As shown in the motherboard diagram and motherboard architecture diagramV. SOUTH BRIDGE CHIPSET As shown in the motherboard diagram and motherboard architecture diagramVI.PRIMARY MEMORY As demonstrated in the lectureVII.SECONDARY MEMORYAs demonstrated in the lectureVIII. PERIPHERAL PORTSAs illustrated in the lecture and during practical

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MWISHOThanx To Mr. UrioAnd all who help me in understanding on this slide and decide to share to you all.Have a Blessed DayAs Keeping God first in Everything

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