computer memory
TRANSCRIPT
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COMPUTER MEMORYCOURSE INSTRUCTOR:
ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR DR. MOHAMMED NASIR UDDIN
PRESENTED BYMD. RAFID ABRAR MIAH
16121021
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INTRODUCTION
Computer memory is any physical device capable of storing information
temporarily or permanently.
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MEMORY
Electronic components that store instructions, data, and results
Consists of one or more chips on motherboard or other circuit board
Each byte stored in unique location called an address, similar to seats in a concert hall
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MEMORY CAPACITY
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CLASSIFICATION OF MEMORY
Memory
Internal Processor Memory
Main Memory Secondary Memory
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INTERNAL PROCESSOR MEMORY
A small high speed memory inside the processor.
Temporary storage of instruction and data.
Example: Registers, built-in cache.
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MAIN MEMORY
It is relatively large memory placed outside the processor.
Data and instruction storage for the operation of the processor.
Can be accessed directly and rapidly by the CPU.
Example: RAM, ROM
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IMAGES OF MAIN MEMORY
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TYPES
MAIN MEMORY
RAM ROM
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RANDOM ACCESS MEMORY A temporary storage that can be read from or
written into by the user. Volatile memory. Every location can be accessed independently. Access time for every location is constant and
independent of it’s position. Two types of RAM-
RAM
Dynamic RAM
Static RAM
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DYNAMIC RAM
DRAM stands for Dynamic RAM. Relatively slower and low cost memory. Used for main memory. Contents are constantly refreshed 1000 times
per second Access time 60 – 70 nanoseconds
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TYPES
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STATIC RAM
SRAM stands for static RAM. Characterized by high speed and high cost. Use six transistors to store data. Access time 60 – 70 nanoseconds Can accept one command and transfer one
word of data per clock cycle.
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READ ONLY MEMORY (ROM)
A class of storage used in computer and other electronic devices.
Data stored in it cannot be modified Non-volatile memory. In modern PCs, ROM is used to store the basic
bootstrapping firmware for the main processor, as well as the various firmware needed to internally control self-contained devices such as graphics card, hard disks, DVD drives, etc.
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TYPES
ROM
Strict ROM
PROM
EPROM
EEPROM
EAROM
Flash ROM
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SECONDARY MEMORY
Much larger in capacity but slower than main memory.
Permanent storage of data and instruction.
Example: Hard disk, CD, Floppy etc.
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MEMORY HIERARCHY
In computer architecture the memory hierarchy is a concept used to discuss performance issues in computer architectural design, algorithm predictions, and lower level programming constructs
Involving locality of reference. The memory hierarchy in computer storage separates each of its levels based on response time.
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Cache Memory
System performance suffers when processor waits for data from slow memory device.
Cache memory is introduced between the CPU and the main memory.
Cache is a high speed memory for holding recently accessed data in main memory.
The amount of cache memory has a tremendous impact on the computer's speed.
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TWO TYPES OF CACHE MEMORY
Level-1 L1 cache: CPU resident cache Level-2 L2 cache: Motherboard resident cache.
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THE OPERATION OF CACHE MEMORY
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AT A GALNCE
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CONCLUSION
Memory is an important part of computer. Without memory, Probably a computer is
of no use is a greater sense.
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