computer literacy book 1 final

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Computer Literacy Prof. Alejandro Ruiz National College Bayamon PR

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Page 1: Computer Literacy Book 1 Final

Computer Literacy

Prof. Alejandro RuizNational College

Bayamon PR

Page 2: Computer Literacy Book 1 Final

Computer LiteracyThe Vocabulary of computing is all around you. Before the advent of computers, memory was the mental ability to recall previous experiences; storage was an area where you kept out-of season clothing; communication was the act of exchanging opinions and information through writing, speaking, or signs. In today’s world, these words and countless others have taken on new meanings as part of the common terminology used to describe computers and their use.

Page 3: Computer Literacy Book 1 Final

Computer

• When you hear the word computer initially you may think of the computers we have in this class.

• Take into consideration than in the course of a couple of days, you may encounter many other computers; like cordless telephones, VCR’s, Handheld Video Games, cameras, stereo systems.

Page 4: Computer Literacy Book 1 Final

Computer

• Computers help you with your banking (ATMs)

• Keeps tracks of purchases and calculates transactions in stores

• Cars are equipped with computers to operate electrical systems such as temperature control and anti-theft system.

Page 5: Computer Literacy Book 1 Final

Computer: Definition

• Computer:

– Is an electronic machine operating under the control of instructions stored in its own memory, that can accept data (input), manipulate the data according to specified rules (process), produce results (output), and store the results for future use.

Page 6: Computer Literacy Book 1 Final

Data vs. Information: Definition

• Data:– Is a collection of unorganized facts, which

can include words, numbers, images, and sounds.

– Computers manipulate and process data to create information.

• Information– Is data that is organized, has meaning, and

is useful. Examples are reports, newsletters, receipt, pictures, invoice, check…

Page 7: Computer Literacy Book 1 Final

Input / Output

• Input: data entered into a computer.

• Output: processed results.

• A computer processes input to produce output.

Page 8: Computer Literacy Book 1 Final

Information Processing Cycle

• Storage: area on a computer where information can be stored for future uses.

• Information Processing Cycle– Input– Process– Output– Storage

Page 9: Computer Literacy Book 1 Final

User: Definition

User:

A person that communicates with a computer or uses the information it generates.

Page 10: Computer Literacy Book 1 Final

Hardware / Software

• Hardware:– The electric, electronic, and mechanical

equipment that makes up a computer.

• Software:– Series of instructions that tells the

hardware how to perform tasks.– Without software, hardware is useless.

Page 11: Computer Literacy Book 1 Final

Computer Components

• Hardware components work together with software to perform calculations, organize data, and communicate with other computers.

• These hardware components include input devices, output devices, a system unit, storage devices, and communication devices.

Page 12: Computer Literacy Book 1 Final

Computer Components

Anadir Pag 1.5

Page 13: Computer Literacy Book 1 Final

Computer Components

Page 14: Computer Literacy Book 1 Final

Input Devices: Definition

• Input Devices:– Allows a user to enter data and commands

into the memory of a computer.• Keyboard• Mouse• Microphone• Camera

Page 15: Computer Literacy Book 1 Final

Output Devices: Definition

• Output Device:– Used to convey the information generated

by a computer to a user.• Printer• Monitor• Speakers

Page 16: Computer Literacy Book 1 Final

System Unit

• Box-like case made from metal or plastic that houses the computer electronic circuitry.

• The circuity in the system unit usually is part of or is connected to a circuit board called motherboard.

Page 17: Computer Literacy Book 1 Final

Two main components of the Motherboard

• (CPU) Central Procecssing Unit or procesor:– Is the electronic device that interprets and

carries out the instructions that operate the computer.

• Memory:– Series of electronic elements that

temporarily holds data and instructions while they are being processed by the CPU.

Page 18: Computer Literacy Book 1 Final

Processor and Memory

• Both are Chips.

– Chip is an electronic device that contains many microscopic pathways designed to carry electrical current.

Page 19: Computer Literacy Book 1 Final

Peripheral Device

• Peripheral Device

– Any external device that attaches to the system unit.

Page 20: Computer Literacy Book 1 Final

Storage Device

• Storage holds data, instructions, and information for future use.

• Storage differs from memory in that it can hold these items permanently , whereas memory holds these items only temporarily while they are being processed.

Page 21: Computer Literacy Book 1 Final

Storage Device

• Is used to record and retrieve data, instructions, and information to and from a storage medium.– Floppy Disk Drive– Hard Disk Drive– CD-ROM Drive– DVD-ROM Drive

Page 22: Computer Literacy Book 1 Final

Storage medium

• Storage Medium:

– Is the physical material on which data, instructions and information is stored.

• Floppy Disks• Hard Drive Disks• CD-DVD ROM Disks

Page 23: Computer Literacy Book 1 Final

Communications Devices

• Enable computer users to communicate and to exchange items such as data, instructions, and information with another computer.

• Comunication devices transmit these items over transmission media such as cables, telephone lines, other means.– Modems– Network (NIC) Cards

Page 24: Computer Literacy Book 1 Final

Why is a Computer so Powerful?

A computer’s power is derived from its capability of performing the information processing cycle operations (input/process/output/storage) with amazing speed, reliability, accuracy, capacity of storing huge amounts of data, and ability to communicate with other computers.

Page 25: Computer Literacy Book 1 Final

Why is a computer powerful?

• Speed

• Reliability

• Accuracy

• Storage

• Communications

Page 26: Computer Literacy Book 1 Final

Computer Software

• Software = Computer Programs

• Instructions that tells the hardware what to do.

• Execute a program = begin performing a program.

• Installing software in order to run program.

Page 27: Computer Literacy Book 1 Final

System Software

• Consists of programs that control the operations of the computers and its devices.

• Serves as the interphase between a user and the hardware– Operating Systems– Utility Programs

Page 28: Computer Literacy Book 1 Final

Operating Systems

• Contains instructions that coordinate all of the activities of hardware devices.

• Also contains instructions that allow you to run application software.

• Windows XP utilizado en el 80% de las maquinas del mundo al 2005.

Page 29: Computer Literacy Book 1 Final

Utility Programs

• Type of system software that performs a specific task, usually related to managing a computer, devices and programs.

– Uninstaller Program– Games

Page 30: Computer Literacy Book 1 Final

User Interfase

• Part of the software with which you interact. The user interface controls how data and Instructions are entered and how information is presented on the screen.

• Many of today’s software programs have (GUI) Graphical User Interfase, which allows the user to interact with the software using visual images such as icons.

Page 31: Computer Literacy Book 1 Final

Application Software

• Programs designed to perform specific tasks for users.– Word Processing Software– Spreadsheet Software– Database Software– Presentation Graphics Software– Games– Electronic mail, accounting, project

management

Page 32: Computer Literacy Book 1 Final

Software

• Packaged Software: Designed to meet the need of a wide variety of users, not just a single user or company.

• Custom Software: Programs developed at the user’s request to perform specific functions.

• Shareware: software that is distributed freely for a trial period.

• Freeware: Software that is provided at no cost to a user, individual or company.

• Public-domain software: free software that has been donated for public use and has no copyright restrictions.

Page 33: Computer Literacy Book 1 Final

Software Development

• Computer Programmers:– People who write software programs.– Write the necessary instructions to direct

computer processing data into information.– Instructions in the correct sequence.– Systems Analyst- manages the

development of a program, working with both the user and the programmer to determine and design the desired output of a program.

Page 34: Computer Literacy Book 1 Final

Programming Languages

• DOS

• C

• C++

• COBOL

• Visual Basic

• HTML

• Java

Page 35: Computer Literacy Book 1 Final

Networks and Internet• Network: Collection of computers and devices

connected together via communications media and devices such as cables telephone lines, modems, or other means.

• Sometimes a network may be wireless: which means uses no physical lines or wires.

• When your computer is connected to a network, you are said to be online.

• Computers are networked together so users can share resources, such as hardware devices, software programs, data and information. Sharing resources save time and money.

Page 36: Computer Literacy Book 1 Final

LAN, WAN, MAN

Page 37: Computer Literacy Book 1 Final

Internet

• World’s largest network• Worldwide collection of networks that links

together millions of computers by means of modems, telephone lines, wireless technology, and other communications devices.– Sending emails– Accessing a wealth of information– Shopping– Conferencing– Accesing of sources of entertainment and leisure

Page 38: Computer Literacy Book 1 Final

(ISP) Internet Service Provider

• An organization that supplies connections to the Internet for a monthly fee.– (AOL) American Online – Onelink PR– Liberty Cable Vision– Coquinet– Caribenet– Ayustar

Page 39: Computer Literacy Book 1 Final

Internet

• WWW = World Wide Web– Billions of web pages– Web Browsers read and display the pages

• IE• Fire Fox• Netscape• Opera

Page 40: Computer Literacy Book 1 Final

Computer Category

• Four mayor categories:– PC, Minicomputers, Mainframe,

Supercomputers

Page 41: Computer Literacy Book 1 Final

(PC) Personal Computer

• Computer that can perform all of its input, processing, output, and storage activities by itself; that is, it contains at least one input device, one output device, one storage device, memory and procesor.

Page 42: Computer Literacy Book 1 Final

PCsMajor categories of PCs:

– Desktop Computers: designed so the system unit, input devices, output devices, and other devices fit entirely under a desk.

• Tower• Horizontal• All-in-one• Workstation• Stand-alone• Server

– Portable Computers: personal computer that is small enough to carry.

• Laptops• Noteboks• (PDA) Personal Digital Assistant

Page 43: Computer Literacy Book 1 Final

Minicomputers

• More powerful and larger than a workstation computer.

• Can support up to 4,000 connceted users at the same time.

• It is accessed frequently via terminal, which is a device with a monitor and keyboard (dumb terminals – because info is stored on the microcomputer (server)).

Page 44: Computer Literacy Book 1 Final

Mainframes

• Mainframe:– Is a large, expensive, very powerful

computer that can handle hundreds of thousands of connected users simultaneously. Also acts as server.

Page 45: Computer Literacy Book 1 Final

Super Computers

• Super Computer:– Is the fastest, most powerful computer and

also the most expensive. – Capable of processing 64 billion

instructions in a single second.– Weather forecasting, nuclear energy

research, petroleum exploration.

Page 46: Computer Literacy Book 1 Final

Computer Users

Page 47: Computer Literacy Book 1 Final

Review

• Why is computer literacy important?• What is a computer?• What are the components of a computer?• Why is a Computer a Powerful tool?• What are the Categories of Computer

Software?• What is the purpose of a Network?• How is the Internet Used?• What are the categories of computers?• How are computers used?

Page 48: Computer Literacy Book 1 Final

Why is Computer Literacy Important?

• To be succesful in todays worls, it is crucial to have knowledge and understanding of computers and their uses.

• This knowledge is called Computer Literacy.

Page 49: Computer Literacy Book 1 Final

What is a computer?

• A computer is an electronic machine, operating under the control of instructions stored under the control of instructions stored in its own memory, that can accept data (input), manipulate data (process), produce results (output), and store the results for future use (storage).

• Data / Information:– Information is processed data– Data is raw

Page 50: Computer Literacy Book 1 Final

What are the components of a Computer?

• Hardware– Input device– Output device– System unit– CPU– Memory– Storage Devices– Communications Devices

Page 51: Computer Literacy Book 1 Final

Why is a computer a powerful tool?

A computers’ power can be derived from its capability of performing the information processing cycle operations with speed, reliability, accuracy, capacity to store huge amounts of data, instructions, and its ability to communicate information with other computers.

Page 52: Computer Literacy Book 1 Final

What are the categories of Computer Software?

• Software is the series of instructions that tells the hardware of a computer what to do. – System Software:

• Operating System• Utility Programs

– Application Software: specific tasks like word processing, spreadsheets, databases, presentations, ect.

Page 53: Computer Literacy Book 1 Final

What is the purpose of a Network?

• A network is a collection of computers and devices connceted together via communications media. Computers are networked so users can share resources such as hardware devices, software programs, data and information.

Page 54: Computer Literacy Book 1 Final

How is the Internet Used?

• The world’s largest network is the Internet, which is a worldwide collection of networks that links together millions of computers.

• The Internet is used to:– Send messages– Obtain info– Shopping– Entertainment and leisure

Page 55: Computer Literacy Book 1 Final

What are the categories of computers?

• PCs– Desktop– Portable Computer

• Minicomputers

• Mainframe

• Supercomputers

Page 56: Computer Literacy Book 1 Final

How are Computers Used?

• Home Users: entertainment, communications, research and education, web access, shopping, finance, word processing and spreadsheets.

• Small Business Users: utilize productivity software as well as communications software.

• Large Business users: automated systems.• Power Users: design plans, produce

publications, graphic art, multimedia.