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Computer Hardware & Software

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Computer Electronic device that has: 1. Input 2. Output 3. Storage 4. Processing

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Software Collection of instructions that tell the computer what to do Types: 1. System Software 2. Application Software

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Operating Systems Interface between the user, the application software and the computer Examples: Windows (8,7, Vista, XP) Mac OS (Mountain Lion, Leopard, OSX) Linux Android IOS

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Interface - The way the user communicates with the user Types: 1. Graphical User Interface 2. Command Line 3. Voice Recognition

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Application Software Performs specific tasks Examples: Microsoft Word Internet Explorer Angry Birds

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System Software Utilities - Used to optimize or maintain a computer Examples: Disk Defragmenter Screen Saver File Compression Others

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Desktop Computer displays all drives and hardware Window Views ways to arrange multiple windows (right click on task bar) Cascade, Tile Horizontal, & Tile Vertically Active Window window you are currently working in

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Special Keys Alt used with an underlined menu character Ctrl performs a command within a menu Windows opens the start menu Aerosnap maximizes the window Aeroshake minimizes all other windows

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Screen Shots Take a picture of what is on your monitor Print Screen allows you to paste a picture of what is on your monitor Alt Print Screen allows you to paste a picture of the active window Snipping tool allows you to select what you want to create a picture of whats on your monitor Clipboard temporary storage area, where copied or cut items are saved

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Computer Eras Pre-Computer Era not electronic Abacus, slide rule, & mechanical calculator First Generation powered by vacuum tubes Second Generation powered by transistors Third Generation powered by integrated circuits Fourth Generation powered by microprocessors Personal Computers Fifth Generation artificial intelligence Allows the computer to think, learn, and reason

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Types of Computers 1. Personal Computer 2. Mid-range Server 3. Mainframe 4. Supercomputer

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Data Data raw, unorganized Numbers, letters, symbols Information data that has been processed and has meaning Bit- binary digit, smallest unit of data Either a 1 or 0 Byte combination of bits (8, 32, or 64 bits) 1 byte = 1 character

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Data Representation TypeAbbreviationApproximationActual KilobyteKb1 thousand1024 MegabyteMb1 million1,048,576 GigabyteGb1 billion1,073,741,824 TerabyteTb1 trillion1,099,511,627,776 PetabytePb1 quadrillion1,125,899,906,842,624

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What is a Computer? An electronic device that has: 1. Input 2. Processing 3. Output 4. Storage

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Input Hardware Accepts data from the user Examples: Keyboards Mouse Scanners Microphone Others?

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Processing Hardware Microprocessor or Processor Speed is measured in Hertz Other hardware inside system unit Motherboard Expansion ports

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Output Hardware Display the results (information) Examples: Monitors/Screens Pixel block or dot of color Size measured diagonally Printers Laser, Ink Jet, Dot Matrix, Specialty printers Others?

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Memory (Storage) Random Access Memory (RAM) Volatile temporary, erased when power it turned off Read Only Memory Non-Volatile permanent Magnetic floppies Optical CDs & DVDs Flash jump drives, memory cards Remote

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Considerations (Essential *) 1.Processor (type and speed) * 2.Memory (RAM) * 3.Drives (type/capacity) * 4.Peripherals(screen, keyboard, mouse, speakers, etc.) * 5.Ports or connections (types and locations) * 6.Price 7.Tasks it must perform Gaming, productivity . 8.Chassis/Form Factor (footprint) 9.Platform (OS) 10.Networking (wired and wireless) 11.Bundled software 12.Potential vendors 13.Warranty/Shipping/Support

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File Types File ExtensionType of File.htmlWebpage.docWord document.xlsMicrosoft Excel spreadsheet.jpgPicture file.mp3Compressed audio file.movVideo file