computer hardware processing inside the box csc 101 1.0 september 16, 2010
DESCRIPTION
The Motherboard CPU RAM Expansion cards and slots Built-in componentsTRANSCRIPT
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Computer Hardware & Processing Inside the Box
CSC 1011.0
September 16, 2010
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Why does computer technology change so quicklyMoore’s lawTechnology changes every 18 months
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The Motherboard
• CPU• RAM• Expansion
cards and slots
• Built-in components
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The CPU - Central Processing Unit
• Referred to as the “brains” of the computer
• Controls all functions of the computer
• Processes all commands and instructions
• Can perform billions of tasks per second
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How fast is a CPU?
• Speed– Megahertz (MHz)– Gigahertz (GHz)– System clock
• Cores– Single– Dual– Quad
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Parts of the CPU
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The Machine Cycle
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Computer Memory
• RAM – Random Access Memory• ROM – Read Only Memory• Cache Memory – very fast memory used by
the CPU
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ROM
• Hard wired at the factory
• Cannot be changed
• Contains the instructions the computer needs to start
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RAM
• Volatile – No power, no data• All programs and files must be loaded into
RAM to be used• RAM connected to the CPU• Primary storage
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How much RAM do you need?
Application Minimum RAM Required
Windows 7 1000 MB
Microsoft Office Professional 2007 256 MB
Internet Explorer 8 128 MB
iTunes 256 MB
Adobe Photoshop Elements 512 MB
Total RAM required to run all programs simultaneously 2,152 MB or 2.15 GB
It depends on what programs you run
Operating system is always in RAM
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Virtual Memory
• Space reserved on the hard drive • Computer act like it has more memory than it
really has• Programs swapped between real memory and
virtual memory as needed• Thrashing – computer spends too much time
swapping between real and virtual memory
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Cache Memory & Registers
• Very fast memory• On the CPU chip or
in very close proximity
• Holds processors immediate results
• Holds frequently used instructions
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Device/Memory/Storage HierarchyThe higher in the hierarchy, the faster and more expensive memory is
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Expansion Slots
• Adds versatility and expandability to the system
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Video Cards
• Process binary data into images• Contain memory known as video memory• Control the number of colors a monitor can
display (bit depth)– Standard VGA– True color
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Graphics Processing Unit
• Performs the same work as a CPU• Specialized to handle
– 3D graphics– Image and video processing
• CPUs perform better with a GPU handling graphics computation.
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Audio Processing
• Sound cards– Attach to
motherboard– Process digital data
into sounds– 3D sound cards– Surround sound– Allow you to connect
audio devices
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Bus
• Move bits between different areas on the motherboard
• 32 bit• 64 bit
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Ports
• Allow peripheral devices to be plugged in
• On both front and back of desktop computers– USB– Ethernet– Firewire