computer hardware' - a ppt good for summer home work for class viii

Delhi Public School, Greater Noida


The personal computer, also known as the PC, is one of the most common types of computer due to its versatility and relatively low price.

Laptops are generally very similar, although may use lower-power or reduced size components.

Personal Computer


It is a plastic or metal enclosure that houses most of the components. Those found on desktop computers are usually small enough to fit under a desk, however in recent years more compact designs have become more common place, such as the all-in-one style designs from Apple, namely the iMac.

Laptops are computers a clamshell form. In more recent years deviations from this form factor have started to emerge such as laptops that have detachable screen that become tablet computers.

The Computer Case


It is collection of physical elements that constitutes a computer system. It refers to the physical parts or components of a computer such as the monitor, mouse, keyboard, computer data storage, hard drive disk (HDD), system unit (graphic cards, sound cards, memory, motherboard and chips), etc.

The software is instructions that can be stored and run by hardware. Software is any set of machine-readable instructions that directs a computer's processor to perform specific operations.

Computer Hardware &Software


Different system


It is main component inside the case. It is a large rectangular board with integrated circuitry that connects the other parts of the computer as well as any peripherals connected via the ports or the expansion slots.

Components directly attached to or part of the motherboard include: Central Processing Unit The Chipset The Random-Access Memory (RAM) The Read-Only Memory BIOS (Basic Input Output System) Unified Extensible Firmware Interface (UEFI) instead of BIOS. Buses connect the CPU to various internal components Expansion cards The CMOS battery

Mother Board


The expansion card in computing is a printed circuit board that can be inserted into an expansion slot of a computer motherboard or backplane to add functionality to a computer system via the expansion bus.

Expansion cards

Computer data storage, often called storage or memory, refers to computer components and recording media that retain digital data. Data storage is a core function and fundamental component of computers

STORAGE DEVICES


Hard disk drives are found in virtually all older computers, due to their high capacity and low cost, but solid-state drives are faster and more power efficient, Some systems may use a disk array controller for greater performance or reliability.

Fixed Media

To transfer data between computers, a USB flash drive or Optical disc may be used. Their usefulness depends on being readable by other systems; the majority of machines have an optical disk drive, and virtually all have a USB port.

REMOVABLE MEDIA


CPU- Central Processing Unit

It is hardware within a computer that carries out instructions of a computer program by performing the basic arithmetical, logical, and input/output operations of the system.

A computer can have more than one CPU; this is called multiprocessing. All modern CPUs are microprocessors, meaning contained on a single chip.

Some integrated circuits (ICs) can contain multiple CPUs on a single chip; those ICs are called multi-core processors.

An IC containing a CPU can also contain peripheral devices, and other components of a computer system; this is called a system on a chip (SoC).


CPU

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Intel_80486DX2_top.jpg


It is a form of computer data storage which allows data items to be read and written in roughly the same amount of time regardless of the order in which data items are accessed.

In contrast, with other direct-access data storage media such as hard disks, CD-RWs, DVD-RWs and the older drum memory, the time required to read and write data items varies significantly depending on their physical locations on the recording medium, due to mechanical limitations such as media rotation speeds and arm movement delays.

Random-Access Memory [RAM]

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Intel_80486DX2_top.jpg


Ram [Random Access Memory]


Computer Data Storage

Also called storage or memory, is a technology consisting of computer components and recording media used to retain digital data. It is a core function and fundamental component of computers.

The central processing unit (CPU) of a computer is what manipulates data by performing computations. All computers use a storage hierarchy, which puts fast but expensive and small storage options close to the CPU and slower but larger and cheaper options farther away.

The fast, volatile technologies (which lose data when powered off) are referred to as "memory", while slower permanent technologies are referred to as "storage.

The CPU consists of two main parts: control unit and arithmetic logic unit (ALU). The former controls the flow of data between the CPU and memory; the latter performs arithmetic and logical operations on data.


USB flash drive is a data storage device that includes flash memory with an integrated Universal Serial Bus (USB) interface.

These are typically removable and rewritable, and physically much smaller than an optical disc. USB flash drives are used for storage, back-up and transfer of computer files.

They are smaller, faster, have thousands of times more capacity, and are more durable and reliable because they have no moving parts. are immune to magnetic interference and unharmed by surface scratches (unlike CDs).

USB FLASH DRIVE


USB Flash Drive

1 USB Standard, Male A-plug

2 USB mass storage controller device

3 Test point4 Flash memory chip5 Crystal oscillator6 LED (Optional)

7 Write-protect switch (Optional)

8 Space for second flash memory chip


A 'keyboard' is a human interface device which is represented as a layout of buttons.

Each button, or key, can be used to either input a linguistic character to a computer, or to call upon a particular function of the computer.

Traditional keyboards use spring-based buttons, though newer variations employ virtual keys, or even projected keyboards.

Keyboards


Output devices display information in a human readable form and could include printers, speakers, monitors or a Braille embosser. Output devices are used to give output from the computer.

Input devices are those through which we input data in the computer. Some input devices are-Keyboard, mouse, scanner, joystick and microphones.

Output and Input Devices


Output Devices


Input Devices


Input Devices

Gaming Control Devices


Input Devices


Input Device

Mouse USB Flash Drive


Input Device

Web Camera


Keyboard Devices

Keyboard devices are the most commonly used input devices today. A pointing device is any human interface device that allows a user to input spatial data to a computer. In the case of mice and touchpads, this is usually achieved by detecting movement across a physical surface. An along devices, such as 3D mice, joysticks, or pointing sticks, function by reporting their angle of deflection. Movements of the pointing device are echoed on the screen by movements of the pointer, creating a simple, intuitive way to navigate a computer's GUI


Composite Devices

Input devices, such as buttons and joysticks, can be combined on a single have physical device that could be thought of as a composite device. Many gaming devices have controllers like this. Technically mice are composite devices, as they both track movement and provide buttons for clicking, but composite devices are generally considered more than two different forms of input.


BY- AKANKSHA TYAGI 8- A

Thank You!

computer hardware' - a ppt good for summer home work for class viii

Education