computer generation,history of computer, computer basic,what is computer,computer generation by...
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computer generationTRANSCRIPT
SUBMITED BY
:-DIVAS KUMAR
GUPTA
• computers became more affordable
• computers can now be found in homes, schools, offices etc.
• there has been a tremendous improvement in software technology
• different software applications to choose from: word processing, spreadsheets, database management, games and entertainment.
• computer subjects are now being offered not just to college students but even to high school and elementary.
• computers are now used as an aid in teaching math, science etc.
• is classified as fourth generation computers.
• faster, more powerful, tremendous data storage and processing capacity
• new brands and models would come out the market almost every other month.
• many clones or imitations of the IBM have become even more powerful and a lot cheaper.
ADVANTAGES:
• RELIABILITY – Unlike vacuum tubes,
silicon will not break down easily. It is
very seldom that you will have to
replace it.
• LOW COST – Silicon chips are
relatively cheap because of their small
size and availability in the market. It
also consumes less electricity.
• Marked by the use of microprocessor
• MICROPROCESSOR – is a silicon chip that contains the
CPU – part of the computer where all processing takes
place.
4004 chip – was the first microprocessor introduced by Intel
Corporation.
ADVANTAGES:
• RELIABILITY – Unlike vacuum tubes,
silicon will not break down easily. It is
very seldom that you will have to
replace it.
• LOW COST – Silicon chips are
relatively cheap because of their small
size and availability in the market. It
also consumes less electricity.
Third generation computers arose in 1965 with the invention
of smaller electronic circuits called integrated circuits
(IC’S)
INTEGRATED CIRCUITS – are square silicon chips
containing circuitry that can perform the functions of
hundreds of transistors.
The year 1959 marked the invention of transistors, which characterized the second generation of computers.
TRANSISTOR – was a three-legged component which shrunk the size of the first generation computers. Occupied only 1/100th of the space occupied by a vacuum tube
More reliable, had greater computational speed, required no warm-up time and consumed far less electricity.
DISADVANTAGES:
• They generate more heat
causing many problems in
temperature regulation and
climate control.
• Tubes were subject to frequent
burn-out.
• The first generation of computers, characterized by vacuum tubes, started in 1951 with the creation of -
UNIVAC (Universal Automatic Computer) – a tabulating machine which won the contest for the fastest machine which could count the US 1890 census.
VACUUM TUBES – electronic tubes about the size of light bulbs.
• The first generation of computers, characterized by vacuum tubes, started in 1951 with the creation of -
UNIVAC (Universal Automatic Computer) – a tabulating machine which won the contest for the fastest machine which could count the US 1890 census.
VACUUM TUBES – electronic tubes about the size of light bulbs.
FIRSTH GENERATION
• Man used his fingers, ropes, beads,
bones, pebbles and other objects for
counting.
•Abacus, Pascaline, Difference &
Anylitical engines
•Electricity was not yet invented
• Silicon Chips ( Very Large Integrated Circuits) VLSI
• LSI’s, VLSI’s
• Unlimited
• CdRom, Optical Disk
• NEC, Packard Bell, Compaq, Other Clones
• Silicon Chips (Large scale integrated circuits)=LSI
• IC’s, LSI’s
• 100 million bits
• Read programs off disks
• Apple, Xerox, Texas Instrument, Hewlett-Packard
• Silicon Chips (Integrated circuits)= IC
• Cores, IC’s
• 128,000 bits
• Keyboard Entry
• IBM, NCR, Honeywell
• Transistors
• Magnetic Cores
• 32,000 bits
• Punch Cards
• CDC, GE, IBM
• Vacuum Tubes
• Magnetic Drum
• 4,000 bits
• Hard Wire Programs in computers
• IBM 650, Univac I
• ENIAC
• Time Frame
• Circuit Components
• Elements per Component
• Internal Storage
• Memory Capacity
• Data Input
• Popular Computers and Companies at that time