computer generation
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This slide for my friends !TRANSCRIPT
13/04/2023 Duy Hiếu 1
Computer GenerationUpdate : 09/10/2014
This slides provide an overview of Computer Generation.
After completing, you will be able to :
Get an overview of Computer Generation.
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OverviewFirst Generation (The period of first generation: 1946-1959. Vacuum tube based. )
Second Generation (The period of second generation: 1959-1964. Transistor based. )
Third Generation (The period of third generation: 1964-1971. Integrated Circuit based.)
Fourth Generation (The period of fourth generation: 1971-1980. VLSI microprocessor based.)
Fifth Generation (The period of fifth generation: 1980-onwards. ULSI microprocessor based.)
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First Generation (1946-1959)
Vacuum tube (electronic tube)
This circuit board block is one of hundreds of blocks that held the
4000 vacuum tubes for IBM's Model 701
A part of computer using vacuum tube
Vacuum tube for circuitry
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Magnetic drum for data store
Magnetic drum
First Generation (1946-1959)…
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The main features :
First Generation (1946-1959)…
Vacuum tube technology
Supported Machine language only
Very costly
Generate lot of heat
Slow Input/Output device
Huge size
Need of A.C.
Consumed lot of electricity
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ENIAC
EDVAC
UNIVAC
IBM-701
IBM-650
ENIAC
First Generation (1946-1959)…
Some computers of this generation :
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Second Generation (1959-1964 )
Using transitor :
A replica of the first working transistor.
Philco surface-barrier transistor developed
and produced in 1953
Assorted discrete transistors
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The main features :
Second Generation (1959-1964)…
Use of transistors
Support machine and assembly languages
Reliable as compared to First generation computers
Smaller size as compared to First generation computers
Generate less heat as compared to First generation computers
Consumed less electricity as compared to First generation computers
Faster than first generation computers
Still very costly
A.C. needed
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Some computers of this generation were:
IBM 1620
Second Generation (1959-1964 )…
IBM 1620
IBM 7094
CDC 1604
CDC 3600
UNIVAC 1108
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Integrated Circuit based :
íc
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A single IC has many transistors, resistors and capacitors along with the associated circuitry. The IC was invented by Jack Kilby. This development made computers smaller in size, reliable and efficient.
First IC Hitachi IC
R288-SOUNDGIN-IC
Third Generation (1964-1971)…
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In this generation, Remote processing, Time-sharing, Real-time, Multi-programming Operating System were used.
High-level language (FORTRAN-II TO IV, COBOL, PASCAL PL/1, BASIC, ALGOL-68, etc.) were used during this generation.
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Third Generation (1964-1971)…
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The main features of Third Generation are:
Third Generation (1964-1971)…
IC used
Support high-level language
More reliable
Smaller size
Generate less heat
Faster
Lesser maintenance
Still costly
A.C. needed
Consumed lesser electricity
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Some computers of this generation :
Third Generation (1964-1971)…
IBM-360 series
Honeywell-6000 seriesPDP(Personal Data Processor)IBM-370/168
TDC-316
IBM System/360 Model 30 at the Computer History
Museum.
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Fourth Generation (1971-1980)
Is made by the use of Very Large Scale Integrated (VLSI) circuits.
VLSI circuits having about 5000 transistors and other circuit elements and their associated circuits on a single chip made it possible to have microcomputers of fourth generation. Fourth Generation computers became more powerful, compact, reliable, and affordable. As a result, it gave rise to personal computer (PC) revolution.
PC
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The main features of Fourth Generation are:
Fourth Generation (1971-1980)…
VLSI technology used
Pipeline processing
Concept of internet was introduced
Very cheap
Use of PC's
No A.C. needed
Very small size
Portable and reliable
Great developments in the fields of networks
Computers became easily available
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Some computers of this generation were:
Fourth Generation (1971-1980)…
DEC 10
STAR 1000
PDP 11
CRAY-1 (Super Computer)CRAY-X-MP (Super Computer)
Cray X-MP/4
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Fifth Generation (1980 – till date )
In the fifth generation, the VLSI technology became ULSI (Ultra Large Scale Integration) technology, resulting in the production of microprocessor chips having ten million electronic components.
This generation is based on parallel processing hardware and AI (Artificial Intelligence) software.
AI is an emerging branch in computer science which interprets means and methods of making computers think like human beings.
All the higher level languages like C and C++, Java, .Net, etc., are used in this generation.
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The main features :
Fifth Generation (1980 – till date )
ULSI technology
Development of true Artificial intelligence
Development of Natural language processing
Advancement in Parallel processing
Advancement in Superconductor technology
More user friendly interfaces with multimedia features
Availability of very powerful and compact computers at cheaper rates
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Some computers types of this generation are:
Fifth Generation (1980 – till date )…
Desktop
Laptop
NoteBook
UltraBook
ChromeBook
IBM Thinkpad
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SOURCE
http://www.tutorialspoint.com/computer_fundamentals/computer_generations.htm
http://www.computerhistory.org/revolution/supercomputers/10/25/23
www.wikipedia.org
www.google.com (Cache)
