SEMINAR

ON

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND APPLICATIONREGIONAL COLLEGE OF MANAGEMENT,BHUBANESWER

CHANDRSEKHARPUR

SUBMITTED BY: Debasis Jena

Regd. No.: 0505247160 Roll No. : 27

1ST YEAR MCA(2ND

SEMISTER)

UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF:

BHUBANESWAR – 751003

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that DEBASIS JENA of

2nd Semester MCA has delivered his

seminar report on “COMPUTER

ANIMATION” and submitted his report for

partial fulfillment of the requirement

leading to award of Master’s Degree in

Computer Application of Biju Patanaik

University of Technology under my

guidance and supervision.

Mr Surya kanta Mohapatra Dept. Of MCA.

OUT LINES

Introduction

What is computer animation $ types

Process

Charts

Starting change

Computer games design

The uses of computer animation in science

Cartoon

New arts

Entertainment

Reference

Summary

What is Animation :-

Animation has historically been produced in two ways. The first is by artists creating a succession of cartoon frames, which are then combined into a film. A second method is by using physical models, e.g. King Kong, which are positioned, the image recorded, then the model is moved, the next image is recorded, and this process is continued.

Or

Animation is simply defined as the sequencing of a series of static images to generate the illusion of movement.

Types of Animation Systems

SCRIPTING SYSTEMS

Scripting Systems were the earliest type of motion control systems. The animator

writes a script in the animation language. Thus, the user must learn this language

and the system is not interactive. One scripting system is ASAS (Actor Script

Animation Language), which has syntax similar to LISP. ASAS introduced the

concept of an actor, i.e., a complex object which has its own animation rules. For

example, in animating a bicycle, the wheels will rotate in their own coordinate

system and the animator doesn't have to worry about this detail. Actors can

communicate with other actors be sending messages and so can synchronize

their movements. This is similar to the behavior of objects in object-oriented

languages.

PROCEDURAL ANIMATION

Procedures are used that define movement over time. These might be

procedures that use the laws of physics (Physically - based modeling) or

animator generated methods. An example is a motion that is the result of some

other action (this is called a "secondary action"), for example throwing a ball

which hits another object and causes the second object to move.

REPRESENTATIONAL ANIMATION

This technique allows an object to change its shape during the animation. There

are three subcategories to this. The first is the animation of articulated objects,

i.e., complex objects composed of connected rigid segments. The second is soft

object animation used for deforming and animating the deformation of objects,

e.g. skin over a body or facial muscles. The third is morphing which is the

changing of one shape into another quite different shape. This can be done in

two or three dimensions.

STOCHASTIC ANIMATION

This uses stochastic processes to control groups of objects, such as in particle

systems. Examples are fireworks, fire, water falls, etc.

BEHAVIORAL ANIMATION

Objects or "actors" are given rules about how they react to their environment.

Examples are schools of fish or flocks of birds where each individual behaves

according to a set of rules defined by the animator.

WHAT IS COMPUTER ANIMATION

Animation has historically been produced in 2ways.

By artists creating a succession of cartoon frames, which are then

combined into a film.

Computer animation can be produced by using a rendering machine to

produce successive frames wherein some aspect of the image is varied. For a

simple animation this might be just moving the camera or the relative motion of

rigid bodies in the scene. This is analogous to the second technique described

above, i.e., using physical models. More sophisticated computer animation can

move the camera and/or the objects in more interesting ways, e.g. along

computed curved paths, and can even use the laws of Physics to determine the

behavior of objects.

By using physical models, e.g. King Kong, which are positioned, the

image recorded, then the model is moved, the next image is recorded, and

this process is continued.

TYPES OF COMPUTER ANIMATION

2D ANIMATION

2D animation using Flash and Swish can produce sophisticated presentations,

demonstrations, simulations and stories.

Swish is a animation program which is cheap & easy to use. Only available for

PC’s at this stage. It is easy to build and create simple animations and use these

in a number of outputs from web to power point .

Drawing from traditional and digital sources, including Flash animation, this

category invites entries from all facets of 2D animation.Theanimation may have

been used on the web, as part of a multimedia presentation, short film (not

exceeding 10 minutes), video production, television commercial etc.

3 D ANIMATION

3d animation is also same procedure . Compositing is the combining of two or

more pictures... such as picture from Poser with a picture from Bryce.

Compositing is not terribly sophisticated yet, as you will soon learn, it can be

extremely challenging. I think it is great fun!

You are probably asking yourself, "How difficult can be be to stick one picture on

top of another? Where is the fun and the challenge in that?"

Compositing does more than just placing the actors from Poser into a movie set

created in Bryce. Probably the most important use of compositing in After Effects

is to simulate a multiplane animation camera. With a multiplane animation

camera, we can create the illusion of 3D animation from still images with very

little rendering time.

Animation is Based on three basic Approaches

Key frame-

The technique that’s most similar to conventional animation, key framing

requires animators to draw key frame on a computer.

With computers, the animator would specify the keyframes and the computer

would draw the in-between frames ( "tweening"). Many different parameters can

be interpolated but care must be taken in such interpolations if the motion is to

look "real". For example in the rotation of a line, the angle should be interpolated

rather than the 2D position of the line endpoint

.

Motion capture- Models wear special badges that allows a group of video

cameras to track their motion.

Simulation- Computer models simulates the motion of a person or animals ,

based on the laws of physics.

PROCESS :-

In film and video production the cinematographer sets the camera shots and decides what camera movement is necessary for a scene. An excellent way to learn how to be a cinematographer is to take filmmaking courses, since the methods of film cinematography are valid for computer animation.The above figure described as,

First of all the photographs taken by the camera, then those photographs

passed to

The computer through iphoto.iPhoto was used to move the photographs from

the cameras or disks into the computers. The workers in teams to organize and

sequence the photographs. iPhoto™ has the capability of enhancing, rotating or

cropping the images, making it a very useful computer application for aspiring

film editors. The workers continually checked the storyboard to make sure that all

aspects of the story were included in the filming--if they were missing some

element, the workers reported this to the workers who were doing the camera

CAMERA PICTURE

COMPUTER

MAKING FILM

work so that the scene could be re-filmed. When the filming was finished, the

workers used iMovie3™ to sequence the images according to the storyboard.

Overall Animation Process

OVERALL PROCESS

The overall process consists of the following steps:

Preparation of paper drawing & Exposure sheet.

These are then Scanned & Vectored for inking &printing.

The printing &inking is assisted with digital drawing &color modeling.

It is then sent for rendering via 3D scene planning followed by effect &

compositing.

The rendering process involve Film format, video format, Web format.

It is the overall process for ANIMATION.

COMPUTER ANIMATION

ENTERTAINMENT ENGINEERING SCIENCE

VIDEO GAMES MOVIES

CHART

Computer animation is divided into three fields

.Entertainment .Engineering .Science

The example of entertainment is video game and the example of engineering is

movies etc. In case of science field uses of computer animation is in NASA.

STARTING CHANGES

In previous time the animation were doing by using 2d animation only. But now a

days all the animation are doing by using both the 2d and 3d animation .Incase of

2d animation they were not doing proper animation, after animation they were not

looking original they were looking animated .But now a days with the help of both

2d and 3d animation the pictures are looking so real. Sothat no one can say that

this is a animated picture. Also the sound systems are so real.

In this way many more changes have done from earlier animation and

recent animation.

COMPUTER GAME DESIGN 1A: DESIGN DOCUMENTATION

The Components of Computer Games

• Graphics, Interface, Game Play, Sound, Immersive ness, Story and

tradeoffs between components.

• Competitive Analysis

• The Design Documentation required by the industry for games

design

• Interface Documentation

• Actors Documentation

• Actions Documentation

• Behaviours Documentation

• Levels Documentation (outline)

• Options Documentation

• Supporting Documents

GAMES ENGIGNES AND PHYSICS

Introduce you to the fundamentals of how a game works.

• Games Engines, • Physics Engines, • Audio Engines, • Rendering Engines

All work together to produce the movement, sound and game play of a

computer game and also the C++ programming language is used in the games

environment. The programmes are made first then they are utilises as game .All

above engines are works together for making games.

ANIMATION IN CAD

CAD is the use of computer hardware, software and peripherals to produce

graphic images.  An almost endless variety of computer-generated images is

possible with this technology; the designer is limited only by his or her own

imagination.

  OTHER APPLICATION

. Engineering drawings, graphics and technical illustrations; architectural

drawings and renderings; and electronics, mechanical, civil and business

graphics .

WHEN TO USE ANIMATED CHATS

Animated chats add depth to your data. They highlight valuable information

and support memory retention. If you need to emphasize a Data Point when it

reaches a critical value – a pressure value, high/low sales numbers, or a stock

sell price - an animated chat ensures your point will be made and remembered.

THE USES OF COMPUTER ANIMATION IN SCIENCE

In 2003 NASA will send out the first Martian air craft.

Scientists were able to use comp. animation to plan the landing.

Ability to predict damage in case of ill weather.

CARTOON

The first is by artists creating a succession of cartoon frames. , which are

then combined into a film. A second method is by using physical models.

It means that first the artists they create the cartoon frames. Then

according to the story all are first suffle and then one by one all combined

together. And then make the cartoon movies.

Which are just like real, but these types of work were not happening in

earlier time. But now a day we they are giving shadow, sound, and real move’s

that peoples are enjoying it very much.

NEW ARTS

Uses for computer animation have now become more diverse and even for artistic purposes it is being used.

The animation has become extremely sophisticated.

More volume has been added.

One can distinguish far distances.

ENTERTAINMENT

Most resent animated films today are made with computer animation.

In entertainment, it has become very popular.

This field in computers has created great success for those who specialize in it.

Today, there are names that most people naturally know because they are responsible for many popular films.

SUMMARY

Computer animation is a vast field.

It is still in a stage of updating i.e. to apply more & more effect to make it even.

More attractive.

In the field of science & tech., its contribution is commanding.

It’s like a racing horse.

REFERRENCES

www.google.com

Entertainment.lycos.com

www.elmundo.es/navegante/2000/08/30/pixar.html

Corporate.pixar.com/top_press.cfm