Computer and Computer and Internet BasicsInternet Basics

Unit AUnit A

ObjectivesObjectives

Define ComputersDefine Computers

Explore Computer FunctionsExplore Computer Functions

Categorize ComputersCategorize Computers

Examine Personal Computer Examine Personal Computer SystemsSystems

Explore data, information, and Explore data, information, and filesfiles

ObjectivesObjectives

Introduce Application and System Introduce Application and System SoftwareSoftwareDefine Internet BasicsDefine Internet BasicsConnect to the InternetConnect to the InternetUnderstand World Wide Web Understand World Wide Web BasicsBasicsUse BrowsersUse BrowsersUnderstand E-mail BasicsUnderstand E-mail Basics

A Computer is a device thatA Computer is a device that

accepts inputaccepts input

processes dataprocesses data

stores datastores data

produces outputproduces output

(all according to a series of stored instructions)

Computer system consists of:Computer system consists of:

Hardware: Hardware: microprocessormicroprocessor

Peripheral devices: Peripheral devices: input and outputinput and output

Software: Software: programsprograms

Computer NetworkComputer Network

Two or more Two or more computers that are computers that are connected and connected and share data and share data and programsprograms

LAN is a local area network

Computer FunctionsComputer Functions

•Words, symbols, numbers, sound, Words, symbols, numbers, sound, pictures, program instructionspictures, program instructionsInputInputInputInput

•Program calculates, sorts modifies dataProgram calculates, sorts modifies data•Uses microprocessor or CPUUses microprocessor or CPUProcessProcessProcessProcess

•Memory is temporary holding area (RAM)Memory is temporary holding area (RAM)•Storage is permanent (disk)Storage is permanent (disk)StoreStoreStoreStore

•Results of processingResults of processing•Reports, graphs, documents, picturesReports, graphs, documents, pictures•Printer or monitorPrinter or monitor

OutputOutputOutputOutput

Categorizing ComputersCategorizing Computers

CostCostCostCost

UsageUsageUsageUsage

SizeSizeSizeSize

CapabilityCapabilityCapabilityCapability

Less Powerful ComputersLess Powerful Computers

•Handheld computer/PDAHandheld computer/PDA•Handheld computer/PDAHandheld computer/PDA

•Video game Video game consolesconsoles

•Video game Video game consolesconsoles

•PC/microcomputerPC/microcomputer

•WorkstationsWorkstations

•PC/microcomputerPC/microcomputer

•WorkstationsWorkstations

More Powerful ComputersMore Powerful Computers

ServerServer– Supplies network computers with dataSupplies network computers with data

MainframeMainframe– Large, expensive, powerful, many usersLarge, expensive, powerful, many users– Reliability, data security, central control Reliability, data security, central control

importantimportant

SupercomputerSupercomputer– Fastest and most powerfulFastest and most powerful

Computer SystemComputer System

Computer + input devices + output devices + storage devices

Peripherals

System UnitSystem Unit

Power SupplyPower Supply

Storage DevicesStorage Devices

Circuit BoardsCircuit Boards

Input/Output DevicesInput/Output Devices

MonitorMonitor

KeyboardKeyboard

MouseMouse

ModemModem

PrinterPrinter

Speakers/sound cardSpeakers/sound cardBe able to identify each as input, output or both

Storage DevicesStorage Devices

Floppy disk driveFloppy disk drive

Hard disk driveHard disk drive

CD-ROM driveCD-ROM drive

DVD drive DVD drive ((reads CDs, too)reads CDs, too)

–DVD RWDVD RW

CD writer CD writer (cannot (cannot read DVDs)read DVDs)

–CD RWCD RW

Data vs. InformationData vs. Information

Data (symbols) used by computersData (symbols) used by computers

Information (meaningful) used by peopleInformation (meaningful) used by people

DataData

Binary number Binary number system to define system to define electronic dataelectronic data

Each 0 or 1 is one Each 0 or 1 is one bitbit

Byte (8 bits)Byte (8 bits) = a = a charactercharacter– ““cat” = three bytescat” = three bytes

FilesFiles

Collection of data on a storage Collection of data on a storage mediummedium

Data file (passive) Data file (passive)

Executable file (active)Executable file (active)– Potentially harmful (think Trojan Horse)Potentially harmful (think Trojan Horse)

Filename and extensionFilename and extension

essay.docessay.docword.exeword.exedog.jpgdog.jpg

System SoftwareSystem Software

Helps the computer monitor itself Helps the computer monitor itself in order to function efficientlyin order to function efficientlyOperating systemOperating system– Master controller of all computer Master controller of all computer

activitiesactivities

Popular operating systemsPopular operating systems– PCs: Microsoft Windows, Mac OSPCs: Microsoft Windows, Mac OS– Handhelds: AndroidOS, BlackberryOS, Handhelds: AndroidOS, BlackberryOS,

Apple iPhone, Windows Mobile OSApple iPhone, Windows Mobile OS– Servers: Apache, UNIX, Microsoft IISServers: Apache, UNIX, Microsoft IIS

PlatformPlatform

Mac and PC compatibility Mac and PC compatibility (sharing of files, etc.) is still an (sharing of files, etc.) is still an issue in 2011issue in 2011

Apple computer = Mac platformApple computer = Mac platform

Original IBM computer = Original IBM computer = Windows or PC platformWindows or PC platform

Microprocessor + Operating systemMicroprocessor + Operating system

Application SoftwareApplication Software

Microsoft PowerPointMicrosoft Excel

Designed to carry out a particular

task

Internet Basics (Cyberspace)Internet Basics (Cyberspace)

The Internet is a The Internet is a collection of local, collection of local, regional, national regional, national and international and international computer networks computer networks that are linked that are linked together to together to exchange data and exchange data and distribute distribute processing tasks.processing tasks.

Internet TerminologyInternet Terminology

Backbone: defines main Internet Backbone: defines main Internet routesroutes– Constructed and maintained by major Constructed and maintained by major

telecommunications companiestelecommunications companies

TCP/IP:TCP/IP:– Transmission Control Protocol/ Internet Transmission Control Protocol/ Internet

ProtocolProtocol

Internet TerminologyInternet Terminology

Server softwareServer softwareIP AddressIP Address: unique : unique number for each Internet number for each Internet computercomputerPacketsPackets: small chunks of : small chunks of data ready to travel the data ready to travel the InternetInternetRouterRouter: helps send along : helps send along the packets to correct the packets to correct destinationdestination

Internet ResourcesInternet Resources

E-commerceE-commerce

E-mailE-mail

Web Sites: ResearchWeb Sites: Research

Chat Chat

Internet RadioInternet Radio

Download Or UploadDownload Or Upload

Internet Telephony (Vonage, Skype)Internet Telephony (Vonage, Skype)

Instant MessagingInstant Messaging

Social NetworkingSocial Networking

Internet Service Provider (ISP)Internet Service Provider (ISP)

Provides Internet access to Provides Internet access to businesses, organizations and businesses, organizations and individualsindividualsProvides telecommunications Provides telecommunications equipmentequipmentUser ID and password requiredUser ID and password requiredConnects you to backboneConnects you to backboneEmail account monthly feeEmail account monthly feeShould have local access telephone Should have local access telephone numbersnumbers

Modem Internet ConnectionsModem Internet Connections

Dial-up connection Dial-up connection (first commonly used, (first commonly used, through phone lines and you could hear the through phone lines and you could hear the computer actually dial the ISP's connect number)computer actually dial the ISP's connect number)

Modem (56K and higher)Modem (56K and higher)

Cable Modems & SatelliteCable Modems & Satellite– Network card and cable modem requiredNetwork card and cable modem required– Always-on and 25 times faster than dial-upAlways-on and 25 times faster than dial-up

Faster Internet ConnectionsFaster Internet Connections

ISDN ISDN (Integrated Services Digital (Integrated Services Digital Network)Network) - corporations, schools - corporations, schools– 64K or 128K64K or 128K– Always-on, expensiveAlways-on, expensive

DSLDSL (Digital Subscriber Line)(Digital Subscriber Line) and xDSL and xDSL– Up to 125 times faster than dialupUp to 125 times faster than dialup

DSS DSS (Digital Satellite Service)(Digital Satellite Service)– 500K500K

Need proximity to a telephone switching stationNeed proximity to a telephone switching station

World Wide Web BasicsWorld Wide Web Basics

Files interconnected via hypertextFiles interconnected via hypertext

Web pages make up a Web siteWeb pages make up a Web site

Home PageHome Page

Links or HyperlinksLinks or Hyperlinks

Web serversWeb servers

World Wide Web BasicsWorld Wide Web Basics

URLURL– No spaces and Case sensitiveNo spaces and Case sensitive– HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol)HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol)

HTML (Hypertext Markup HTML (Hypertext Markup Language)Language)– .htm or .html file extension.htm or .html file extension

Document nameDocument nameand filenameand filename

extensionextensionFolderFoldernamename

Web Web serverservernamename

Web Web protocolprotocolstandardstandard

http://www.cnn.com/showbiz/movies.htm

Using BrowsersUsing Browsers

Can type URLsCan type URLsHTML tags tell browser how to display web HTML tags tell browser how to display web page data page data Back, forward and stop buttonsBack, forward and stop buttonsSetting a home pageSetting a home pagePrint optionsPrint optionsHistory listHistory listFavorites and bookmarksFavorites and bookmarksEdit and FindEdit and Find

Microsoft Internet Explorer® and Netscape Navigator®

Search EnginesSearch Engines

KeywordsKeywordsKeywordsKeywords

E-mail BasicsE-mail Basics

Account = Mailbox Account = Mailbox

MessageMessage

AttachmentAttachment

HTML formatHTML format

Netiquette Netiquette (top 10 online manners!)(top 10 online manners!)

userid@computer

E-mail SystemE-mail System

E-mail serversE-mail servers

Store-and-forward technologyStore-and-forward technology

TypesTypes– POP (Post Office Protocol) used via ISPPOP (Post Office Protocol) used via ISP– IMAP (Internet Messaging Access IMAP (Internet Messaging Access

Protocol)Protocol)– Web-based: Web-based:

• Hotmail, Yahoo, etc.Hotmail, Yahoo, etc.

E-mail SystemE-mail SystemYour ISP

You

TechTalk: Boot ProcessTechTalk: Boot Process

Power upPower up

ROM runs bootstrap programROM runs bootstrap program

POST (Power-on self-test)POST (Power-on self-test)– Identifies and checks peripheralsIdentifies and checks peripherals

ROM loads operating system from ROM loads operating system from hard disk into RAMhard disk into RAM

Checks configuration and Checks configuration and customization startup routinescustomization startup routines– Safe Mode if this process is not successfulSafe Mode if this process is not successful

Issue for DiscussionIssue for Discussion

How Private is E-Mail?How Private is E-Mail?

SummarySummary

Go back and read your objectives Go back and read your objectives for this unit.for this unit.– For example, the first objective states:For example, the first objective states:

• ““Define Computers”Define Computers”–You should be able to say, You should be able to say,

without reading your notes, without reading your notes, that a computer is a device that a computer is a device that accepts input, that accepts input, processes data, stores data, processes data, stores data, and produces output.and produces output.

Get busy!Get busy!