compression strategies for sd/hd production applications hugo gaggioni chief technology officer sony...
TRANSCRIPT
Compression Strategies for
SD/HD Production Applications
Compression Strategies for
SD/HD Production Applications
Hugo Gaggioni
Chief Technology Officer
Sony Broadcast and Professional Solutions Company
Hugo Gaggioni
Chief Technology Officer
Sony Broadcast and Professional Solutions Company
Agenda Agenda
DTV Production Issues
Bit Rates: Current and Future Positioning
Types of Compression
Bit Rate Reduction Strategies:
practical considerations for broadcast operations
Applications
Conclusion
DTV Production Issues
Bit Rates: Current and Future Positioning
Types of Compression
Bit Rate Reduction Strategies:
practical considerations for broadcast operations
Applications
Conclusion
DTV
Production
Issues
DTV
Production
Issues
Foundations for the Simulcast 16:9 DTV/4:3 NTSC EraFoundations for the Simulcast 16:9 DTV/4:3 NTSC Era
16:9 Digital Component HDTV
16:9 Digital Component 525
4:3 Digital Component 525
16:9 Digital Component HDTV
16:9 Digital Component 525
4:3 Digital Component 525
Broadcast Industry:Near Term Imperatives for
DTV Program Origination
Broadcast Industry:Near Term Imperatives for
DTV Program Origination
525-Line SDTV
525-Line SDTV
-- Component Digital Video Format
-- Widescreen Switchable (16:9/4:3)
-- 4:2:2 Sampling Structure
-- Component Digital Video Format
-- Widescreen Switchable (16:9/4:3)
-- 4:2:2 Sampling Structure
Movement of Television Program MaterialMovement of Television Program Material
16:9 DTV System16:9 DTV System
Up ConversionUp Conversion
4:3 525 System4:3 525 System
Down ConversionDown Conversion
HDTVHDTVHDTVHDTV DTVDTVChannelChannelDTVDTV
ChannelChannel
NTSCNTSCChannelChannelNTSCNTSCChannelChannelNTSCNTSCNTSCNTSC
“Aspect Ratio” The Biggest Program Origination
Issue in DTV
“Aspect Ratio” The Biggest Program Origination
Issue in DTV
There is
Between
There is
Between
NO Satisfactory ReconciliationNO Satisfactory Reconciliation
16:9 and 4:3 Picture Framing16:9 and 4:3 Picture Framing
Aspect Ratio is: a Picture Content Issue
Aspect Ratio is: a Picture Content Issue
The Larger DTV Picture Content Issue
The Larger DTV Picture Content Issue
Picture ContentPicture Content is Fullyis Fully ProtectedProtected
Picture ContentPicture Content is Fullyis Fully ProtectedProtected
16:9 SDTV16:9 SDTV
Picture ContentPicture Content CurtailedCurtailedPicture ContentPicture Content CurtailedCurtailed
16:9 HDTV16:9 HDTV16:9 HDTV16:9 HDTV
FormatFormatFormatFormat
ConvertConvertConvertConvert4:3 SDTV4:3 SDTV
HDV, XDCAM-HD, HDCAM / SRHDV, XDCAM-HD, HDCAM / SR
Bit Rate Reduction StrategiesBit Rate Reduction Strategies
Bro
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B&
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Pro
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SDSD HDHD
Bitrate positioningBitrate positioning
(25, 19 Mbps)(25, 19 Mbps)
18 - 30 Mbps18 - 30 Mbps
50 - 90 Mbps50 - 90 Mbps
90 - 210 Mbps90 - 210 Mbps
25 Mbps (DV,DVCAM,DVCPro)25 Mbps (DV,DVCAM,DVCPro)
25 Mbps DV25 Mbps DV
100 - 142 Mbps100 - 142 Mbps
440 - 1.5 Gbps440 - 1.5 Gbps
XDCAM-HD Technology Demontration
XDCAM-HD Technology Demontration
NAB’05NAB’05
Types of Video Compression AlgorithmsTypes of Video Compression Algorithms Intra-Picture Compression:
-- JPEG, DV, HDCAM, MPEG-4 SP
Inter-Picture Compression:-- MPEG-1, MPEG-2, MPEG-4, AVC,
WM9
Intra-Picture Compression:-- JPEG, DV, HDCAM, MPEG-4 SP
Inter-Picture Compression:-- MPEG-1, MPEG-2, MPEG-4, AVC,
WM9
Intra-FrameCompression
Algorithm
Intra-FrameCompression
Algorithm
…...
…...
…...
…...
…...
…...e.g.,1080 / 60i Pictures
e.g.,1080 / 60i Pictures
Frame-basedVideo Compressed
Data Files
Frame-basedVideo Compressed
Data Files
Intra-Frame Compression system:Application to 60i signals
Intra-Frame Compression system:Application to 60i signals
1/30th sec1/30th sec
I B B P B B P B B P B B II B B P B B P B B P B B I
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 131 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
I = Intra-Coded FrameI = Intra-Coded FrameP = Predictive-Coded FrameP = Predictive-Coded FrameB = Bidirectional-Coded FrameB = Bidirectional-Coded Frame
I = Intra-Coded FrameI = Intra-Coded FrameP = Predictive-Coded FrameP = Predictive-Coded FrameB = Bidirectional-Coded FrameB = Bidirectional-Coded Frame
Inter-Picture Compression systemInter-Picture Compression system
Picture Quality vs. Compression RatioPicture Quality vs. Compression Ratio
Compression Ratio Compression Ratio
Inter-12-15 Frame
Inter-12-15 Frame
(MPEG-2)(MPEG-2)Inter-4-FieldInter-
4-Field
2.7:12.7:1 4.4:14.4:1 8.8:18.8:1 22:122:1
Total Picture Quality
Total Picture Quality
0 dB0 dBReference(“4:2:2”)
Reference(“4:2:2”)
Intra-FrameIntra-Frame
IntraFieldIntraField
HDCAM and HDCAM-SRHDCAM and HDCAM-SR
Bit Rates and Performance CharacteristicsBit Rates and Performance Characteristics
HD Digital Video Sampling FormatsHD Digital Video Sampling Formats
“4 : 2 : 2”“4 : 2 : 2”
“4 : 2 : 0”“4 : 2 : 0”
YY CRCR
19201920
10801080
960960
10801080
960960
10801080
10801080
1920 / 14401920 / 1440
540540
960 / 720960 / 720
YY CRCR CBCB
CBCB
960 / 720960 / 720
540540
(Studio Quality)(Studio Quality)
(Transmission,field acquisition,Prosumer Quality)
(Transmission,field acquisition,Prosumer Quality)
Uncompressed Bitrates for 1080 VideoUncompressed Bitrates for 1080 Video
1080 System:1920 pixels x 1080 lines (active area),
59.94 fields/sec (I/P) , 23.98 frames/sec (P), 29.97 frames/sec (P)
1080 System:1920 pixels x 1080 lines (active area),
59.94 fields/sec (I/P) , 23.98 frames/sec (P), 29.97 frames/sec (P)
1080P 4:2:2, 10 bit 60 Hz - - - - - - 1080P 4:2:2, 10 bit 60 Hz - - - - - - 2.48 Gbps2.48 Gbps 1080I, 4:2:2, 10 bit 60Hz - - - - - - 1080I, 4:2:2, 10 bit 60Hz - - - - - - 1.24 Gbps1.24 Gbps 1080I, 4:2:2, 8 bit 60Hz - - - - - - 1080I, 4:2:2, 8 bit 60Hz - - - - - - 994.33 Mbps994.33 Mbps 1080I, 4:2:0, 8 bit 60Hz - - - - - - 1080I, 4:2:0, 8 bit 60Hz - - - - - - 745.75 Mbps745.75 Mbps 1080P, 4:2:2, 8 bit, 30 Hz - - - - - - 1080P, 4:2:2, 8 bit, 30 Hz - - - - - - 994.33 Mbps994.33 Mbps
1080P, 4:2:2, 8 bit, 24 Hz - - - - - - 1080P, 4:2:2, 8 bit, 24 Hz - - - - - - 795.59 Mbps 795.59 Mbps
Uncompressed Bitrates for 720 VideoUncompressed Bitrates for 720 Video
720P System:
1280 pixels x 720 lines (active area),
59.94 fields/sec (P) , 23.98 frames/sec (P), 29.97 frames/sec (P)
720P System:
1280 pixels x 720 lines (active area),
59.94 fields/sec (P) , 23.98 frames/sec (P), 29.97 frames/sec (P)
720P 4:2:2, 10 bit 60Hz - - - - - - 720P 4:2:2, 10 bit 60Hz - - - - - - 1.10 Gbps1.10 Gbps
720P, 4:2:2, 8 bit 60Hz - - - - - - 720P, 4:2:2, 8 bit 60Hz - - - - - - 883.85 Mbps883.85 Mbps
720P, 4:2:2, 8 bit, 30 Hz - - - - - - 720P, 4:2:2, 8 bit, 30 Hz - - - - - - 441.93 Mbps441.93 Mbps
720P, 4:2:2, 8 bit, 24 Hz - - - - - - 720P, 4:2:2, 8 bit, 24 Hz - - - - - - 353.59 Mbps 353.59 Mbps
720P, 4:2:0, 8 bit, 30 Hz - - - - - - 720P, 4:2:0, 8 bit, 30 Hz - - - - - - 331.55 Mbps331.55 Mbps
HDCAM-SR Recording ProcessHDCAM-SR Recording Process
Recording & Playback
Recording & Playback
440Mbps440
Mbps
1242 Mbps1242 Mbps
1104 Mbps1104 Mbps
1242 Mbps1242 Mbps
1104 Mbps1104 Mbps
1920 x 1080 1920 x 1080SMPTE 292MSMPTE 292M
(10-bits)(10-bits)
SMPTE 296MSMPTE 296M 1280 x 720 1280 x 720
(10-bits)(10-bits)
1920 x 1080 1920 x 1080SMPTE 292MSMPTE 292M
(10-bits)(10-bits)
SMPTE 296MSMPTE 296M 1280 x 720 1280 x 720
(10-bits)(10-bits)
Prefilters in HDTV AcquisitionPrefilters in HDTV Acquisition
DigitalVTR /
Server
DigitalVTR /
ServerLensLens
CCDCCD
FilmFilm
The
Scene
The
Scene
HDTV CameraHDTV Camera
HDTV TelecineHDTV TelecineFilm CameraFilm Camera
LensLens
LensLens
CCDCCD
SMPTE 292MSMPTE 292M
1920 x 1080
1920 x 1080
InputProcessing InputProcessing
Recording & Playback
Recording & Playback
OutputProcessing OutputProcessing
SMPTESMPTE 292M292M SMPTESMPTE 292M292M
1440 x1080
1440 x1080
1920 x1080
1920 x1080
HDCAM Recording ProcessHDCAM Recording Process
994 Mbps994 Mbps 622 Mbps622 Mbps 994 Mbps994 Mbps
Horizontal Digital Filter & Down Sampling
Horizontal Digital Filter & Down Sampling
622 Mbps622 Mbps142
Mbps142
Mbps
UpSampling &Horizontal Digital Filter
UpSampling &Horizontal Digital Filter
(60Hz)(60Hz)
HDCAM/SR Recording StrategiesHDCAM/SR Recording Strategies
Digital Pre-filter(1440x1080)
Digital Pre-filter(1440x1080)
4.4 : 1Compression
4.4 : 1Compression
142 MbpsVideo
Recording
142 MbpsVideo
Recording
2.7 : 1Compression
2.7 : 1Compression
440 MbpsVideo
Recording
440 MbpsVideo
Recording
994994MbpsMbps
HDTVHDTV
994994MbpsMbps
HDTVHDTV
994994MbpsMbps
HDTVHDTV
994994MbpsMbps
HDTVHDTV
HDCAMHDCAM
HDCAM-SRHDCAM-SR
2/3 inch2/3 inchCCDsCCDs
(1920x1080)(1920x1080)
2/3 inch2/3 inchCCDsCCDs
(1920x1080)(1920x1080)
HDCAM, HDCAM-SR,Compression Ratios (60 Hz material)
HDCAM, HDCAM-SR,Compression Ratios (60 Hz material)
HDCAM (8-bit, 1080i):HDCAM (8-bit, 1080i):
622Mbps622Mbps142142
(approx.)(approx.) = 4.4 = 4.4
HDCAM-SR (10-bit):HDCAM-SR (10-bit):
1.24Gbps1.24Gbps440440
(approx.)(approx.) = 2.78 = 2.78
30MHz30MHz
10 MHz 10 MHz
20 MHz 20 MHz
HDCAM-SRHDCAM-SRHDCAMHDCAM
24MHz 24MHz
30MHz 30MHz
Bandwidth Comparison betweenHDCAM, HDCAM-SR Bandwidth Comparison betweenHDCAM, HDCAM-SR
CCD Imager HORIZ MTFCCD Imager HORIZ MTF
Horiz. freq
TVL/ph
Horiz. freq
TVL/ph
HorizMTFHorizMTF
37 MHz37 MHz 74.25 MHz74.25 MHz
CarrierCarrierCarrierCarrier
Nyquist LimitNyquist Limit FsFs
Sin x xSin x x
50%50%OpticalLow PassOpticalLow Pass
EffectiveApertureEffectiveAperture
2424
872 TVL/ph872 TVL/ph
30303030
CCD ApertureCCD Aperture100 %100 %
WithWithLensLensWithWithLensLens
Spectral Response of Videocreated in an HDTV CameraSpectral Response of Videocreated in an HDTV Camera
Narrow Angle ShotNarrow Angle Shot
Medium AngleMedium AngleMedium AngleMedium Angle
Wide Angle ShotWide Angle Shot
872872 TVL/PhTVL/Ph(30 MHz) 872872 TVL/PhTVL/Ph(30 MHz)
360 5.75 MHz(SDTV 16:9)360 5.75 MHz(SDTV 16:9)
MTF(Horiz) MTF(Horiz)
HDCAM24 MHzHDCAM24 MHz
SMPTE 274MSMPTE 274MSMPTE 274MSMPTE 274M
HDCAM-SR30 MHz
HDCAM-SR30 MHz
700 700
XDCAM-HD and HDVXDCAM-HD and HDV
Bit Rates and Performance CharacteristicsBit Rates and Performance Characteristics
HDHD
Technology Demonstration
Camcorders
ViewerViewer
Deck
External Drive
Cart
Field Recorder
Proxy recording on MemoryProxy Wireless Transmission
Juke Server Concept
5 inch bay Drive
Prototype/Technology & Concept Demos
Ac
qu
isitio
nF
ield O
peratio
nN
etw
ork
ing
& E
dit
Tra
ns
fer &
A
rch
ives
@NAB2005@NAB2005
i-Linki-Link
Sony AV/IT Solutions Sony AV/IT Solutions
Proxy Proxy Viewer/EditViewer/Edit
Field RecorderField Recorder
Wireless Wireless LANLAN
PDW-D1PDW-D1
PDW-510/530PDW-510/530
Pool feedPool feed
DiscDisc
i-Linki-Link
Back to StationBack to Station
LAN/WANLAN/WAN
MicrowaveMicrowaveSatelliteSatellite
Ingest roomIngest room
Transmission roomTransmission roomEdit roomEdit room
Juke ServerJuke Server
MediAvenueMediAvenueHigh Rez. EditHigh Rez. Edit
PDW-1500PDW-1500
Memory Memory CardCard
i-Linki-Link
HDVHDV
Network CentricNetwork Centric
5 inch bay 5 inch bay drivedrive
High Rez. EditHigh Rez. Edit
Archive roomArchive room
XDCAM CartXDCAM Cart
Master Master DistributionDistribution
On-airOn-air
Field operationField operation
toward HD toward HD
HD
HD
HDHDHDHDHDHD
HD
HD
HD
HD
HD
Archive
Archive
ArchiveArchive
MXF
PC CentricPC Centric
i-Linki-Link
Consideration of HD Infrastructure Consideration of HD Infrastructure
Proxy Proxy Viewer/EditViewer/Edit
Field RecorderField Recorder
Wireless Wireless LANLAN
PDW-D1PDW-D1
PDW-510/530PDW-510/530
Pool feedPool feed
DiscDisc
i-Linki-Link
Back to StationBack to Station
LAN/WANLAN/WAN
MicrowaveMicrowaveSatelliteSatellite
Ingest roomIngest room
Transmission roomTransmission roomEdit roomEdit room
Juke ServerJuke Server
MediAvenueMediAvenueHigh Rez. EditHigh Rez. Edit
PDW-1500PDW-1500
Memory Memory CardCard
i-Linki-Link
HDVHDV
5 inch bay 5 inch bay drivedrive
High Rez. EditHigh Rez. Edit
Archive roomArchive room
XDCAM CartXDCAM Cart
Master Master DistributionDistribution
On-airOn-air
Field operationField operation
HD
HD
HDHDHDHDHDHD
HD
HD
HD
HD
HD
Archive
Archive
ArchiveArchive
HD handling on PCLonger Recording Time
Network Bandwidth
Transcoding
Faster Transfer
Archiving Rate
Contribution Rate
Quality
Realtime
Network CentricNetwork Centric
PC CentricPC Centric
Considerations for Codec Selection Considerations for Codec Selection
For HD ENG & News Magazine production applicationsNon-proprietary Codec
Longer Recording TimeEditing Capability: Jog & Shuttle
High speed Intra Transcoding for NLE
Network and Server friendlyBandwidth and transfer speed (DV 25Mbps – IMX 50Mbps)High speed Long-Intra Transcoding
Contribution/Archive format and bitrate
Microwave from ENG
For HD ENG & News Magazine production applicationsNon-proprietary Codec
Longer Recording TimeEditing Capability: Jog & Shuttle
High speed Intra Transcoding for NLE
Network and Server friendlyBandwidth and transfer speed (DV 25Mbps – IMX 50Mbps)High speed Long-Intra Transcoding
Contribution/Archive format and bitrate
Microwave from ENG
Strong support for Long GOP operationStrong support for Long GOP operation There are 3 important changes occurring in the TV industry:
-- Tape to Disc with MXF file format -- Intra codec to Long GOP codec
-- Standard definition to High definition Long GOP saves operational costs to TV facilities Contents creation editing has 2 types of environments:
“Long GOP” and “Intra GOP”
Key technologies for handling these streams are: -- High speed GOP transformation between Long and Intra. -- Direct Stream editing -- Artifact-free bitstream variable playback for search and decision making.
There are 3 important changes occurring in the TV industry: -- Tape to Disc with MXF file format
-- Intra codec to Long GOP codec -- Standard definition to High definition
Long GOP saves operational costs to TV facilities Contents creation editing has 2 types of environments:
“Long GOP” and “Intra GOP”
Key technologies for handling these streams are: -- High speed GOP transformation between Long and Intra. -- Direct Stream editing -- Artifact-free bitstream variable playback for search and decision making.
Intra Intra Intra Intra Intra Intra Intra Intra Acquisition StorageStorage ArchiveArchive DistributionDistribution
IntraIntra
IntraIntra
Post Production
Live Production
Long Long Long Long Long Long Long Acquisition StorageStorage ArchiveArchive DistributionDistribution
IntraIntra
Long
Post Production
Live Production
Stream Direct Edit
High Speed GOP Transformation
MPEG Line-upMPEG Line-up
MPEG-4MPEG-4
MPEG-1MPEG-1
MP@ML
4:2:0 -15Mb
MP@ML
4:2:0 -15Mb
MPEG-2MPEG-2 4:2:2P@MLup to 50Mb L-GOP
4:2:2P@MLup to 50Mb L-GOP
MPEG-7MPEG-7MP@HL 1440Up to 60 Mbps L-GOP
MP@HL 1440Up to 60 Mbps L-GOP
AVCAVC
MPEG-2 ArchitectureMPEG-2 Architecture
SPATIAL HIGH 4:2:2SPATIAL HIGH 4:2:2
HIGH 1440HIGH 1440
MAINMAIN
LOWLOW
HIGHHIGH
PROFILEPROFILESIMPLESIMPLE MAINMAIN SNR SNR
I & P4:2:0I & P4:2:0
7205763015
7205763015
19201152
60100
19201152
60100
14401152
6060
14401152
6060
7205763015
7205763015
352288304
352288304
14401152
6060
14401152
6060
19201152
6080
19201152
6080
I, P & B4:2:0
I, P & B4:2:0
I, P & B4:2:0
I, P & B4:2:0
I, P & B4:2:0
I, P & B4:2:0
I, P & B4:2:2 & 4:2:0
I, P & B4:2:2 & 4:2:0
7205763015
7205763015
7206083050
7206083050
14401152
6080
14401152
6080
7205763020
7205763020
FRAME TYPESFRAME TYPES
CHROMASAMPLINGCHROMA
SAMPLING
Samples/LineLines/FramesFrames/Sec
Max Bit-Rate (Mbps)
Samples/LineLines/FramesFrames/Sec
Max Bit-Rate (Mbps)
Samples/LineLines/FramesFrames/Sec
Max Bit-Rate (Mbps)
Samples/LineLines/FramesFrames/Sec
Max Bit-Rate (Mbps)
Samples/LineLines/FramesFrames/Sec
Max Bit-Rate (Mbps)
Samples/LineLines/FramesFrames/Sec
Max Bit-Rate (Mbps)
Samples/LineLines/FramesFrames/Sec
Max Bit-Rate (Mbps)
Samples/LineLines/FramesFrames/Sec
Max Bit-Rate (Mbps)
HDTVHDTV
SDTVSDTV
I, P & B4:2:2 & 4:2:0
I, P & B4:2:2 & 4:2:0
LE
VE
LL
EV
EL
7205763015
7205763015
19201080
60300
19201080
60300
I B B P B B P B B P B B II B B P B B P B B P B B I
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 131 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
I = Intra-Coded FrameP = Predictive-Coded FrameB = Bidirectional-Coded Frame
I = Intra-Coded FrameP = Predictive-Coded FrameB = Bidirectional-Coded Frame
MPEG GoP : Group of Pictures MPEG GoP : Group of Pictures
Max. Bit rateMax. Bit rate
200~300 Mbps200~300 Mbps
80 Mbps80 Mbps
50 Mbps50 Mbps
15 Mbps15 Mbps
1.5 ~ 3.0 Mbps1.5 ~ 3.0 MbpsMPEG-1MPEG-1
MPEG-2 MP@MLMPEG-2 MP@ML
MPEG-2 422P@MLMPEG-2 422P@ML
MPEG-2 MP@HL-1440MPEG-2 MP@HL-1440
Betacam SX
at 18 Mbps
Betacam SX
at 18 Mbps
Downward
Compatibility Downward
Compatibility MPEG-2 422P@HLMPEG-2 422P@HL
MPEG IMX,XDCAM
at 50Mbps
MPEG IMX,XDCAM
at 50Mbps
MPEG-4 Studio ProfileMPEG-4 Studio Profile1.2 Gbps1.2 Gbps
600 Mbps600 Mbps
MPEG HierarchyMPEG Hierarchy
XDCAM-HDXDCAM-HDHDVHDV
HDCAM-SRHDCAM-SR
HDVHDV
HDV format featuresHDV format features
1. Use of DV tape as recording media 1. Use of DV tape as recording media
2. MPEG-2 Compression2. MPEG-2 Compression
3. 1080i / 720p Specification3. 1080i / 720p Specification
4. Advanced Error Correction4. Advanced Error Correction
5. Good Quality Compressed Audio 5. Good Quality Compressed Audio
HD/ SD ¼ inch tape formats HD/ SD ¼ inch tape formats
720p specification720p specification
1080i specification1080i specification
HDV format
1080/50i, 1080/60i
720/25p, 720/30p720/50p, 720/60p
MPEG-2 encoding (Inter-frame compression)
DV format SD specifications(Intra-frame compression)
DV/DVCAM format
576/50i (PAL)
480/60i (NTSC)
DV Cassette TapeDV Cassette Tape
Approx. 19MbpsApprox. 19MbpsApprox. 19MbpsApprox. 19MbpsApprox. 25MbpsApprox. 25MbpsApprox. 25MbpsApprox. 25MbpsBit rate after CompressionBit rate after CompressionBit rate after CompressionBit rate after Compression
AudioAudioAudioAudio
MPEG-1 Audio Layer II MPEG-1 Audio Layer II MPEG-1 Audio Layer II MPEG-1 Audio Layer II CompressionCompressionCompressionCompression
48 kHz 48 kHz 48 kHz 48 kHz Sampling frequencySampling frequencySampling frequencySampling frequency
16 bits 16 bits 16 bits 16 bits QuantizationQuantizationQuantizationQuantization
384 kbps (2ch)384 kbps (2ch)384 kbps (2ch)384 kbps (2ch)Bit rate after compressionBit rate after compressionBit rate after compressionBit rate after compression
VideoVideoVideoVideo
1440(H) X 1080(V)1440(H) X 1080(V)1440(H) X 1080(V)1440(H) X 1080(V)
1080/60i, 1080/50i1080/60i, 1080/50i1080/60i, 1080/50i1080/60i, 1080/50i
1080i specification1080i specification1080i specification1080i specification 720p specification720p specification720p specification720p specification
1280(H) X 720(V)1280(H) X 720(V)1280(H) X 720(V)1280(H) X 720(V)Number of PixelsNumber of PixelsNumber of PixelsNumber of Pixels
720/60p, 720/30p720/60p, 720/30p720/50p, 720/25p720/50p, 720/25p720/60p, 720/30p720/60p, 720/30p720/50p, 720/25p720/50p, 720/25p
Video SignalVideo SignalVideo SignalVideo Signal
HDV format SpecificationsHDV format Specifications
HVR-Z1HVR-Z1DIGITAL HD VIDEO CAMERA RECORDERDIGITAL HD VIDEO CAMERA RECORDER
World’s first HDV 1080i Camcorder!World’s first HDV 1080i Camcorder!
1440 x 1080
1440 x 1080
InputProcessing InputProcessing
Record &Playback
Record &Playback
OutputOutputProcessingProcessing OutputOutputProcessingProcessing
Analog or Analog or
1440 x1080
1440 x1080
HD-TSHD-TS
HDV Recording ProcessHDV Recording Process
746 Mbps746 Mbps 560 Mbps560 Mbps 25 Mbps25 Mbps
ChromaDown
Sampling(4:2:0)
ChromaDown
Sampling(4:2:0)
560 Mbps560 Mbps25
Mbps25
Mbps
AnalogOutput
Or25 Mbps streams
AnalogOutput
Or25 Mbps streams
XDCAM HD and HDV formatsXDCAM HD and HDV formats
DV tapeDV tape
1080 / 59.94i, 50i(720 / 25P, 50P, 29.97P, 59.94P)1080 / 59.94i, 50i(720 / 25P, 50P, 29.97P, 59.94P)
MPEG2 MP@HL-(1440)MPEG2 MP@HL-(1440)
25Mbps CBR @ 1080i19Mbps CBR @ 720P
276min(full size) / 60min(mini-DV)
25Mbps CBR @ 1080i19Mbps CBR @ 720P
276min(full size) / 60min(mini-DV)
MPEG1 Audio Layer 2 MPEG1 Audio Layer 2
2ch / 48kHz /16bit samplingCompressed bit rate : 384kbps2ch / 48kHz /16bit samplingCompressed bit rate : 384kbps
HDVHDVXDCAM HDXDCAM HD
MediaMedia Professional DiscProfessional Disc
Video formatVideo format1080 / 59.94i, 50i, 23.98P, 25P, 29.97P1080 / 59.94i, 50i, 23.98P, 25P, 29.97P
Video CODECVideo CODEC MPEG2 MP@HL(1440)MPEG2 MP@HL(1440)
Video Bit rate(Recording time)Video Bit rate
(Recording time)
Various Bit-rates toaccommodate from 60 minutesto more than 120 minutes of HDstorage
Various Bit-rates toaccommodate from 60 minutesto more than 120 minutes of HDstorage
Audio CODECAudio CODEC No compressionNo compression
Audio formatAudio format4ch48kHz sampling16 (or 24bit TBD)
4ch48kHz sampling16 (or 24bit TBD)
MXFfor
MPEG L-GOP
MXFfor
MPEG L-GOP
…BPP
EditUnit
HPP
HeaderMetadata
FPP
RandomIndexPack
File HeaderFile Header File BodyFile Body File FooterFile Footer
EditUnit
EditUnit
BPP
IndexTable
EditUnit
BPP
IndexTable
BPP
EditUnit
EditUnit
EditUnit
IndexTable… …
…IndexTable
EditUnit
HPP
HeaderMetadata
FPP
File HeaderFile Header File BodyFile Body File FooterFile Footer
EditUnit
EditUnit
EditUnit
EditUnit
EditUnit
EditUnit
EditUnit
EditUnit
EditUnit
EditUnit
EditUnit
EditUnit
EditUnit
EditUnit
EditUnit
MXF MPEG HD DV-DIF D-10
Edit Unit Variable Length Constant Length Constant Length
Body Partition Partition size: 1GOP to 10sec No Body Partitions No Body Partitions
Index Table In the next Body Partition In File Header In File Header
Random Index Pack attached not attached not attached
MPEG HDMPEG HD
DV-DIFDV-DIF
…IndexTable
EditUnit
HPP
HeaderMetadata
FPP
File HeaderFile Header File BodyFile Body File FooterFile Footer
EditUnit
EditUnit
EditUnit
EditUnit
EditUnit
EditUnit
EditUnit
EditUnit
EditUnit
EditUnit
EditUnit
EditUnit
EditUnit
D-10D-10
MXF Structure ComparisonMXF Structure Comparison
Related SMPTE StandardsRelated SMPTE Standards
Item SMPTE standard>File format 377M MXF>Operational pattern 378M Op1a>Container 379M MXF GC>Video Mapping 381M MPEG into MXF GC
>Audio mapping 382M BWF/AES3>System Item 385M (CP compatible)>KLV 336M>MXF Guideline EG41
Item SMPTE standard>File format 377M MXF>Operational pattern 378M Op1a>Container 379M MXF GC>Video Mapping 381M MPEG into MXF GC
>Audio mapping 382M BWF/AES3>System Item 385M (CP compatible)>KLV 336M>MXF Guideline EG41
1440 x 1080
1440 x 1080
InputProcessing InputProcessing
Record &Playback
Record &Playback
OutputProcessing OutputProcessing
SMPTESMPTE 292M292M SMPTESMPTE 292M292M
1440 x1080
1440 x1080
1920 x1080
1920 x1080
XDCAM-HD Recording ProcessXDCAM-HD Recording Process
746 Mbps746 Mbps 560 Mbps560 Mbps 994 Mbps994 Mbps
ChromaDown
Sampling(4:2:0)
ChromaDown
Sampling(4:2:0)
560 Mbps560 MbpsVarious
Bit-Rates
Various
Bit-Rates
UpSampling &Horizontal Digital Filter
UpSampling &Horizontal Digital Filter
(60Hz)(60Hz)
XDCAM-HD, HDV Compression Ratios
XDCAM-HD, HDV Compression Ratios
560Mbps560Mbps
3535(approx.)(approx.) = 16
= 16
XDCAM-HD (35 Mbps) (8-bit, 1080i):XDCAM-HD (35 Mbps) (8-bit, 1080i):
560Mbps560Mbps
2525(approx.)(approx.) = 22.4
= 22.4
XDCAM-HD (25 Mbps) (8-bit, 1080i):XDCAM-HD (25 Mbps) (8-bit, 1080i):
560Mbps560Mbps2525
(approx.)(approx.) = 22.4 = 22.4
HDV, (25 Mbps) (8-bit, 1080i):HDV, (25 Mbps) (8-bit, 1080i):
Examples of possible bit-ratesand compression ratiosExamples of possible bit-ratesand compression ratios
Frequency Characteristicsfor 25 Mbps L-GOP CompressionFrequency Characteristicsfor 25 Mbps L-GOP Compression
24 MHz Band
Picture Quality
Headroom
Picture Quality
Headroom
MPEG Quality: MP@HL-1440 -- 35 MbpsMPEG Quality: MP@HL-1440 -- 35 Mbps
55
44
33
22
11
00
35 Mbps35 Mbps
TimeTime
ExcellentExcellent
CCIR500
Units
CCIR500
Units
GoodGood
FairFair
PoorPoor
BadBad
MPEG Quality:MP@ML-1440 -- 35 Mbps & 25 MbpsMPEG Quality:MP@ML-1440 -- 35 Mbps & 25 Mbps
55
44
33
22
11
00TimeTime
35 Mbps35 MbpsExcellentExcellent
CCIR500
Units
CCIR500
Units
GoodGood
FairFair
PoorPoor
BadBad
25 Mbps25 Mbps
MPEG Quality:MP@MHL-1440 -- 35, 25, & 18 MbpsMPEG Quality:MP@MHL-1440 -- 35, 25, & 18 Mbps
55
44
33
22
11
00TimeTime
ExcellentExcellent
CCIR500
Units
CCIR500
Units
GoodGood
FairFair
PoorPoor
BadBad
35 Mbps35 Mbps
25 Mbps25 Mbps
18 Mbps18 Mbps
Frequency Characteristicsfor 18 Mbps L-GOP CompressionFrequency Characteristicsfor 18 Mbps L-GOP Compression
Preliminary Bandwidth Comparison betweenHDCAM/SR, XDCAM-HD and HDVPreliminary Bandwidth Comparison betweenHDCAM/SR, XDCAM-HD and HDV
30MHz30MHz
10 MHz 10 MHz
20 MHz 20 MHz
HDCAM-SRHDCAM-SRHDCAMHDCAM
24MHz 24MHz
30MHz 30MHz
Other HDV Products Compression Ratios
Other HDV Products Compression Ratios
(HDV, 59.94 Hz): (HDV, 59.94 Hz):
Recall: 720p bit-rateRecall: 720p bit-rate
8-bit: “4:2:0”8-bit: “4:2:0”(1280 x 720) x 12 x 59.94 = 662.89 Mbps(1280 x 720) x 12 x 59.94 = 662.89 Mbps
662.89 Mbps662.89 Mbps
1919(approx.)(approx.) = 34.9
= 34.9 Too High !!!Too High !!!
(HDV, 29.97 Hz): (HDV, 29.97 Hz):331.45 Mbps331.45 Mbps
1919(approx.)(approx.) = 17.45
= 17.45
VBRVBR
CBRCBR
CBGCBG
InputVideoInputVideo
Plain Complex Plain
Averaged Byte SizeAveraged Byte Size
Target Byte SizeTarget Byte Size
Black
StuffingStuffing
XDCAM-HD, HDV: Encoded StreamsVBR, CBR, Constant Bytes per GOP
XDCAM-HD, HDV: Encoded StreamsVBR, CBR, Constant Bytes per GOP
NetworkingNetworkingStreaming vs. File transferMany standards
SDI / SDTI (AV and data streams) Ethernet/Gigabit Ethernet (files) Fibre Channel (files and streams) i.Link (Firewire)
(FAM: MXF files), (AV/C: DV streams),
(HD-TS: MPEG packets)
Streaming vs. File transferMany standards
SDI / SDTI (AV and data streams) Ethernet/Gigabit Ethernet (files) Fibre Channel (files and streams) i.Link (Firewire)
(FAM: MXF files), (AV/C: DV streams),
(HD-TS: MPEG packets)
Stream structureStream structure
MPEG Streams: TS, PES, ESMPEG Streams: TS, PES, ES
ESES ESESPES PacketPES Packet
Access Units Access Units
TS Packet (188 Byte)TS Packet (188 Byte)TS: Transport StreamTS: Transport Stream
Transport HeaderTransport Header
PES PacketPES Packet
PESheaderPES
headerPES
headerPES
header
PES: Packetized ESPES: Packetized ESES: Elementary StreamES: Elementary Stream
HD-TS: High Definition TSHD-TS: High Definition TS
MPEG ES and TSMPEG ES and TS
>Less process, Less time delay>Variable Speed Operation>Suitable for Operations in Station
>Suitable for Transmission, Tape-based
streaming (synchronous operations)
>Less process, Less time delay>Variable Speed Operation>Suitable for Operations in Station
>Suitable for Transmission, Tape-based
streaming (synchronous operations)
MPEG Elementary StreamMPEG Elementary Stream
MPEG Transport StreamMPEG Transport Stream
HDV, XDCAM-HD, HDCAM/SRHDV, XDCAM-HD, HDCAM/SR
High-End Production/Post-Production,Electronic Cinematogarphy, Compositing, Digital Intermediates, Telecine Masters, Computer Graphics/Animation, RGB/60P/3-D applications
High-End Production/Post-Production,Electronic Cinematogarphy, Compositing, Digital Intermediates, Telecine Masters, Computer Graphics/Animation, RGB/60P/3-D applications
HDCAM-SR:HDCAM-SR:
HDCAM:HDCAM:
ApplicationsApplications
Broadcast Production, Legacy Material Up-Conversion,Limited Post-production, 24P Acquisition, HD Commercials,24P Made-for-TV “Films”, HD-ENG, Sports, Real-time NLEoperations
Broadcast Production, Legacy Material Up-Conversion,Limited Post-production, 24P Acquisition, HD Commercials,24P Made-for-TV “Films”, HD-ENG, Sports, Real-time NLEoperations
HDV, XDCAM-HD, HDCAM/SR (cont’d)HDV, XDCAM-HD, HDCAM/SR (cont’d)
Electronic Cinematography, High-end videographer,Broadcast Production/ENG, Variable-FrameAcquisition, Extended duration Recordings, HD/DV switchable recording,
Electronic Cinematography, High-end videographer,Broadcast Production/ENG, Variable-FrameAcquisition, Extended duration Recordings, HD/DV switchable recording,
XDCAM-HDXDCAM-HD
HDVHDV
ApplicationsApplications
Entry level HD solution. Products positioned at the top end of the current DVCAM line-up. High-end Corporate/Industrial/Professional videography. Possible Broadcast usage.Easy migration from SD to HD: HDV / DVCAM / DV switchable recording
Entry level HD solution. Products positioned at the top end of the current DVCAM line-up. High-end Corporate/Industrial/Professional videography. Possible Broadcast usage.Easy migration from SD to HD: HDV / DVCAM / DV switchable recording
ConclusionConclusion Marketplace availability of multi-format HD products Manufacturers have HD products at all price / performance levels to complete any production need Applications require a “diverse” set of “tools” -- Use the product that meets or exceeds the application’s requirements
For a technology decision -- Evaluate the production’s expected finished results -- The allocated budget -- The end-user’s experience with HD
Marketplace availability of multi-format HD products Manufacturers have HD products at all price / performance levels to complete any production need Applications require a “diverse” set of “tools” -- Use the product that meets or exceeds the application’s requirements
For a technology decision -- Evaluate the production’s expected finished results -- The allocated budget -- The end-user’s experience with HD
Future HD TechnologiesFuture HD Technologies A new range of HD products, at various price and performance levels for production applications, has been introduced by the use of MPEG L-GoP compression Sony is developing technology to complete full manipulation of these MPEG compressed bit-streams:
-- Variable speed playback-- Cut-only and effects editing-- Multi-stream effects
A new range of HD products, at various price and performance levels for production applications, has been introduced by the use of MPEG L-GoP compression Sony is developing technology to complete full manipulation of these MPEG compressed bit-streams:
-- Variable speed playback-- Cut-only and effects editing-- Multi-stream effects
ConclusionConclusion