comprehensive social policies for a globalizing world
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Comprehensive Social Policies for a Globalizing World. Timo Voipio, ISSA & OECD-POVNET. ISSA: Themes the ISSA ‘Policy Analysis Unit ’ wishes to cooperate with you on:. Regular monitoring of major trends in social security worldwide - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
ISA-RC19, Florence8 Sep, 2007
Timo Voipio, International Social Security Association (ISSA)[email protected] 1
Comprehensive Social Policies for a Globalizing World
Timo Voipio, ISSA & OECD-POVNET
ISSA: Themes the ISSA ‘Policy Analysis Unit’ wishes to cooperate with you on:
1) Regular monitoring of major trends in social security worldwide
2) Identifying and analyzing forthcoming social security challenges
3) Establishing a ‘Task Force’ on the extension of social security coverage to those not covered…
4) Raising the profile of social security at the international level
ISSA • AISS • IVSS
ISA-RC19, Florence8 Sep, 2007
Timo Voipio, International Social Security Association (ISSA)[email protected] 3
Disclaimer:
‘BRAINSTORMING’, not official policies of my employers:- MFA-Finland, Helsinki Aug-07
- ISSA = International Social Security Association, Geneva Sep-07
Ideas from several interlinked processesUN
– DW in ECOSOC & CSocD +
Soc.dim. NEPAD- DESA Guides +
UNDP/ILO + ’OneUN’
National DevPlans/
PRSs
WB - SocDevt/Arusha - SocProt + LabMkt
- TFESSD + WBI -
WB/ILO
AU/SADC – Social &
Empl. Policy Frameworks
EU: Decent Work Comm&Concl.& Conf & EurParlament
DG-DEV: Empl&Dev + SocProt&Dev
OECD-POVNET/PPG(SocProt & Empow +
Empl & LabMkts)Kellokoski/UNRISDHelsinki-processRealizing Rights
ICSW / ISSAGASPP / UNU-CRIS
WIDER / SDAN
ISA-RC19, Florence8 Sep, 2007
Timo Voipio, International Social Security Association (ISSA)[email protected] 5
OECD-DAC POVNET Task Team on Social Protection
and Empowerment (TT-SP) will also need RC19
ISA-RC19, Florence8 Sep, 2007
Timo Voipio, International Social Security Association (ISSA)[email protected] 6
EU (EC + MS): Decent Work 1) Employment & DevtCoop 06-07
2) SocProt & DevtCoop 07-08 25-26 Oct Brussels
Good topics of research for RC19
International Actors’ International Actors’ approaches to GlobSocPol:approaches to GlobSocPol:
www.stakes.fi/social-policies-for-www.stakes.fi/social-policies-for-
developmentdevelopment (2007)(2007)
KELLOKOSKI + STOCKHOLM, NOV-06 & UN-CSocD, Feb-07:
• NORDICS + TZ + RSA• DFID + GTZ + EC + AU• UN-DESA & UNRISD• ILO & ISSA• UNDP & UNICEF• WB/SOC.DEV• GASPP/CODESRIA/
RHODES/IDEAs• ICSW & HELPAGE
’Back to Copenhagen (& Rio)’www.stakes.fi/social-policies-for-www.stakes.fi/social-policies-for-
developmentdevelopment
ISA-RC19, Florence8 Sep, 2007
Timo Voipio, International Social Security Association (ISSA)[email protected] 9
Aid
+ ANNEX: + ANNEX: Johannesburg Ministerial Declaration Johannesburg Ministerial Declaration
and Draft Strategy:and Draft Strategy:TOWARDS AFRICAN REGIONAL SOCIAL TOWARDS AFRICAN REGIONAL SOCIAL
POLICIESPOLICIES
ISA-RC19, Florence8 Sep, 2007
Timo Voipio, International Social Security Association (ISSA)[email protected] 10
Copenhagen Social Summit-95: Comprehensive Soc.Policies
FULL SOCIALPRO- INTEGRATION /DUCTIVE Equity (= Incl+Prot) EMPLOY- ’People-centred d.’ MENT ’Society for all’
POVERTY REDUCTION
ISA-RC19, Florence8 Sep, 2007
Timo Voipio, International Social Security Association (ISSA)[email protected] 11
Focus of global ODA-efforts since Copenhagen: PovRed
FULL SOCIAL
PRO- INTEGRATION /
DUCTIVE Equity (= Incl+Prot)
EMPLOY-
MENT
POVERTY
REDUCTION ~ USD1/day
ISA-RC19, Florence8 Sep, 2007
Timo Voipio, International Social Security Association (ISSA)[email protected] 12
UN Summit-05 + ECOSOC-06 + CSocD-07 + OECD-POVNET + WB + EU + AU
Decent Work for All EMPLOY- SOCIAL
MENT PROTECTION / Equity INCLUSION Pro-Poor…
People-centred
POVERTY REDUCTION
UN/ILO/EU: Decent Work Country Programmes (DWCP)
EMPLOY-MENTEnabling
environment, Entrepreneurship,
Employability, Skills,
Productivity, Competivity
SOCIAL PRO-
TECTIONExtending
social security and protection
to all, incl. those in the
informal sector
SOCIAL DIALOGUE
Building social concensus on
major policy lines e.g. through
tripartite negotiations.
RIGHTSFundamental
Principles and Rights at Work
e.g. ILO-Conventions
+ Gender Equality cross-cutting + Gender Equality cross-cutting all…all…
DWCP to be part of national DWCP to be part of national PRSsPRSs
ISA-RC19, Florence8 Sep, 2007
Timo Voipio, International Social Security Association (ISSA)[email protected] 14
SOCIALSOCIAL-rightsrights
- protectionprotection- dialoguedialogue
& gender equality& gender equality
Employment Employment generation generation
& entre-& entre-preneurshippreneurship
DECENT WORK FOR ALL = DECENT WORK FOR ALL = Good, coherence-enhancing concept, Good, coherence-enhancing concept,
bridging the ECON/SOC dividebridging the ECON/SOC divide
ISA-RC19, Florence8 Sep, 2007
Timo Voipio, International Social Security Association (ISSA)[email protected] 15
SOCIALSOCIALECONOMICECONOMIC
We are all committed to: Rio-1992 Sustainable dev’t = balanced dev’t
ENVIRONMENTENVIRONMENT
ISA-RC19, Florence8 Sep, 2007
Timo Voipio, International Social Security Association (ISSA)[email protected] 16
SOCIALSOCIAL-security & protectionsecurity & protection-inclusion & dialogueinclusion & dialogue- rights & equality, rights & equality, incl. gender equalityincl. gender equality
Employment,Employment,entrepreneur-entrepreneur-ship, skills, ship, skills,
finance, mktsfinance, mkts
So, IDEAL: So, IDEAL:
Comprehensive Social Comprehensive Social PolicyPolicy
ISA-RC19, Florence8 Sep, 2007
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SOCIALSOCIALECONOMICECONOMIC
BUT: In reality, in country level work, the economic perspective (growth & efficiency)
dominates. Why?
ISA-RC19, Florence8 Sep, 2007
Timo Voipio, International Social Security Association (ISSA)[email protected] 18
UNUNWBWB
(& IMF)(& IMF)
Part of the reason is the imbalance between the WB(& IMF) vs. UN at country level
ISA-RC19, Florence8 Sep, 2007
Timo Voipio, International Social Security Association (ISSA)[email protected] 19
UN + WB:UN + WB:SOCIALSOCIAL
WB & UN: WB & UN: ECONOMICECONOMIC
In principle, both WB & UN should promote a balanced sustainable dev’t agenda on
RIGHTS/SOCIAL JUSTICE
ENVIRONMENTENVIRONMENT
ISA-RC19, Florence8 Sep, 2007
Timo Voipio, International Social Security Association (ISSA)[email protected] 20
WBWBnon-non-
economistseconomistsWBWBeconomistseconomists
Within WB the ECON dominates over the SOC: The WB has 10.000 economists &
only few hundred non-economists
ISA-RC19, Florence8 Sep, 2007
Timo Voipio, International Social Security Association (ISSA)[email protected] 21
Min.of Social Min.of Social & Labour, & Labour, unions, unions,
consumersconsumers
Min. of Finance, Min. of Finance, Central Bank, Central Bank,
Business & Empl. Business & Empl. associationsassociations
Equally, at the national level there should be a balance between the ’ECONOMIC’ and ’SOCIAL’ ministries
& civil society representatives
Min.of Env / Agric. / Natural Min.of Env / Agric. / Natural resourcesresources
ISA-RC19, Florence8 Sep, 2007
Timo Voipio, International Social Security Association (ISSA)[email protected] 22
Min.of Social Min.of Social & Labour, & Labour, unions, unions,
consumersconsumers
Min. of Finance, Min. of Finance, Central Bank, Central Bank,
Business & Empl. Business & Empl. associationsassociations
But: Often the ECON perspective gets a priority in national policy making
ISA-RC19, Florence8 Sep, 2007
Timo Voipio, International Social Security Association (ISSA)[email protected] 23
’’Fragmented’Fragmented’non-economic non-economic
social scientists’social scientists’(e.g. RC19 & co)(e.g. RC19 & co)(Well-disciplined) (Well-disciplined)
EconomistsEconomists
Economists dominate in development policy over sociologists and other ’non-economic
social scientists’
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Timo Voipio, International Social Security Association (ISSA)[email protected] 24
LabourLaboureconomists economists & industrial& industrialpolicy, etc.policy, etc.
Orthodox Orthodox ’’neo-liberal’neo-liberal’
macromacroeconomistseconomists
And: Among the WB-economists one school of thinking dominates over alternatives
ISA-RC19, Florence8 Sep, 2007
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UN:UN:grants outside grants outside the BS-framethe BS-frame
WB-loans WB-loans + Bilaterals’ grants:+ Bilaterals’ grants:
PRSP PRSP + Budget support+ Budget support
A key additional factor: Bilaterals strongly aligning to the WB-dominated dev’t agenda
ISA-RC19, Florence8 Sep, 2007
Timo Voipio, International Social Security Association (ISSA)[email protected] 26
IMF & IMF & World Bank World Bank & Bilaterals& Bilaterals
economic policyeconomic policy
An additional factor: Fragmented UN
UNDPUNDP
WHOWHO UN-AidsUN-Aids
ILOILO
UnicefUnicef
WFPWFP
HabitatHabitat
UnifemUnifem
UN: Fragmented UN: Fragmented social policysocial policy
ISA-RC19, Florence8 Sep, 2007
Timo Voipio, International Social Security Association (ISSA)[email protected] 27
WB + WB + Min.of Finance &Min.of Finance &
IMF + IMF + Central BankCentral Bank
Fragmented UN leads to fragmented national social policies
UNDP +UNDP +PMOPMO
WHO + WHO + Min.of Min.of HealthHealth
UN-Aids +UN-Aids +National Aids National Aids
CouncilCouncil
ILO + ILO + Min.ofMin.ofLabourLabour
Unicef +Unicef +Min.of Min.of
Children Children & Women& Women
WFP +WFP +Min.of Agric.Min.of Agric.
Habitat + Habitat + Min.of Min.of
HousingHousing
Unifem + Unifem + Women’s Women’s
OfficeOffice
UN: Fragmented UN: Fragmented social policysocial policy
ILOILO-TC-budgetsTC-budgets
- country presencecountry presenceDecent WorkDecent Workfor Allfor All
E.g. the ILO has a great Agenda, but very little Money for TC, and only
thin country presence
ISA-RC19, Florence8 Sep, 2007
Timo Voipio, International Social Security Association (ISSA)[email protected] 29
’’One UN’One UN’+ WB + WB
+ bilaterals+ bilaterals
WB + IMFWB + IMF+ bilaterals+ bilaterals
Efforts to improve the ECON/SOC balance:
UN-Reform (at global and national levels)
ISA-RC19, Florence8 Sep, 2007
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IMF & IMF & World BankWorld Bank
- economic policy- economic policy
Efforts to improve the ECON/SOC balance (e.g. Nordic TF-ESSD in WB)
UNDPUNDP
WB/WB/SD+SPSD+SP UN-AidsUN-Aids
ILOILO
UnicefUnicef
WFPWFP
HabitatHabitat
UnifemUnifem
Networked UN + Networked UN + WB into social WB into social
policypolicy
WHOWHO
WB/SDWB/SD
WB/SPWB/SP
ISA-RC19, Florence8 Sep, 2007
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WB/SD: Arusha Declaration Dec-05: New Frontiers of SocPol -1
Transformation of subjects and beneficiaries into citizens
universal rights & responsibilities
Middle-class by-in: Build alliances between the poor and the not-so-poor
Role of State: effective & accountable
Recognizing power relations & institutions Capacity of states revenue mobilization
ISA-RC19, Florence8 Sep, 2007
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WB/SD: Arusha Declaration Dec-05: New Frontiers of SocPol -2
Social dimension/Equity in infra, utilities, social services: educ/health/SP
Market access for the poor Fiscal policies Migration (internal/external) Citizens organizations/social partners Understanding history, culture, etc. Social Policy at all levels: local, national, global Multi-disciplinarity
ISA-RC19, Florence8 Sep, 2007
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WB/SD: Arusha BUT:1) DISSATISFACTION: Why only US-/UK-experts?
For a conference in Africa? Why were African, European, Nordic, UN voices not listened to?
GSP-Journal + Kellokoski event
2) LITTLE PROGRESS WITHIN THE WORLD BANK
Arusha ”fading away”??
SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT MERGED INTO INFRASTRUCTURE DEPARTMENT
”SOCIAL DEV’T” ”SOC.PROTECTION”
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Aid
KellokoskiKellokoski UN CSocDUN CSocD
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Kellokoski + UN + ILO + AU + EU: Comprehensive Social Policies ?1) Employment, (incl. entrepreneurship & employability)
2) Education 3) Health ( = the basic social services)4) Social Protection5) Disadvantaged groups: youth, old, PWD, etc.6) Equity-orientation, social inclusion, dialogue,
SRM, accountability in all policies and all governance, including taxation.
7) PSIA of all policies and governance, incl taxation 8) Multi-disciplinarity
United Nations (DESA) Policy Guidance Notes
For ”More ambitious Nat’l Dev’t Strategies”
1) Macroeconomics and Growth2) Financial Policies3) Public Investment Management 4) Technology Policy 5) Social Policy ( including ‘Employment’)6) Trade Policy Constructive alternative to WB’s PRS Sourcebook Regional & national tailoring, translation, dissemination, training Multi-donor trust fund? (~ or: Good ideas fly ??)
ISA-RC19, Florence8 Sep, 2007
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2) AU
ISA-RC19, Florence8 Sep, 2007
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POVNET Task Team on Social Protection and Empowerment
(TT-SPE).
History and challenges ahead
ISA-RC19, Florence8 Sep, 2007
Timo Voipio, International Social Security Association (ISSA)[email protected] 39
SocProt professionals need to realize:
Donor governments not yet convinced
about SocProt (except DFID, GTZ, Portugal ?)
Evidence & arguments needed ! Data alone will not do the convincing
Demand from South is key! Capacity bldg for champions of SP
Ministries/research/SocPartners/PMS
ISA-RC19, Florence8 Sep, 2007
Timo Voipio, International Social Security Association (ISSA)[email protected] 40
OECD-DAC
Poverty Reduction Network POVNET
Phase-1
1998-2001:
DAC Poverty
Reduction
Guidelines
POVERTY is multi-dimensional (DAC-01)
SECURITYrisk, vulnerability
social protection/ social risk
management (SRM) POLITICALrights
freedoms voice & influence
SOCIO-CULTURAL
statusrespect, dignity
ECONOMICconsumptionincome
assets
HUMANhealth
educationhunger, thirst
GENDER +
ENVIRON-MENT
Social Security/Protection one key dimension
PROTECTIVErisk, vulnerability
social protection/ social risk
management (SRM) POLITICALrights
freedoms voice & influence
SOCIO-CULTURAL
statusrespect, dignity
ECONOMICconsumptionincome
assets
HUMANhealth
educationhunger, thirst
GENDER +
ENVIRON-MENT
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~ ’Growth First’ vs. ’People First’ ??
SECURITYrisk, vulnerability
social protection/ social risk
management (SRM) POLITICALrights
freedoms voice & influence
SOCIO-CULTURAL
statusrespect, dignity
ECONOMICconsumptionincome
assets
HUMANhealth
educationhunger, thirst
GENDER +
ENVIRON-MENT
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SocialSocialdev’tdev’t
Neo-Neo-liberalsliberals
Hot debates & consensus-building
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PATTERNPATTERNof Growth?of Growth?
PACE PACE of Growth?of Growth?
Hot debates
Compromise…Compromise…
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PrivatPrivate e
SectorSector
Infra- Infra- structurstructur
ee
Agri-Agri-cultureculture
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Consensus-1: Risk & Vulnerabilitylimit the participation and contribution of the poor
people to growth,e.g. in agriculture and PSD
ISA-RC19, Florence8 Sep, 2007
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Consensus-2: Lack of reliable
Social Protection is a major barrier to
contributions by the poor to the growth proces.
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Consensus-3: Reliable social protection
can stimulate growth by encouraging people to engage
in activitities with higher risk,
productivity & profit.
ISA-RC19, Florence8 Sep, 2007
Timo Voipio, International Social Security Association (ISSA)[email protected] 52
Consensus-4: SocProt people can help
people avoid coping strategies with irreversible impoverishing impacts (selling assets, taking
children out from school…)
ISA-RC19, Florence8 Sep, 2007
Timo Voipio, International Social Security Association (ISSA)[email protected] 53
Consensus-5: Rather than as luxury…
Social Protection should be recognized as
investment with high rates of return and
strong poverty impact.
ISA-RC19, Florence8 Sep, 2007
Timo Voipio, International Social Security Association (ISSA)[email protected] 54
Consensus-6: The analysis of risk and
vulnerability in public policy is possible and desirable
It is now time for more experimenting:
trying out SocProt schemes in LICs.
ISA-RC19, Florence8 Sep, 2007
Timo Voipio, International Social Security Association (ISSA)[email protected] 55
Consensus-7: Donors need to build capacity and
partner with the SocProt –ministries &
institutions (e.g. twinning)
ISA-RC19, Florence8 Sep, 2007
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POVNET TT-SPE – Participants 04-08:
DFID, Finland, France, GTZ, Ireland, Japan, Netherlands, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland, USAID…
+ Multilaterals: WFP, UNDP, ILO, ISSA, Unicef, World Bank, WBI, AfDB
+ Research: IDS, EPRI, Oxford, ODI, Stakes, OECD-Dev’tCentre
+ CSOs: HelpAge International+ Dialogue with AU & African Governments
(Tunis, Livingstone 1 & 2 March-08 )
ISA-RC19, Florence8 Sep, 2007
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Safety nets: focus on stopping people falling, post-risk event, often risk prevention and livelihood promotion can be built in
Social Risk Management (WB): public and private actions to minimize, mitigate and cope with risk
Macro Policies etc. policies not de-signed to manage risks, but may do so, e.g. SME,pro- ductivity, industrial, environ-mental.
Basic social security: Food, health, housing, education, skill dev’t, labour mkt security for non- critically vulner-able
A
B CD
E
Social Protection = B+C+D (~ Contingent SS?) Basic Social Security=A ; Extended SS =A+B+C+D; Social assistance = B+C ; Social Insurance =D ; Safety Nets = C Social Risk Management (WB) = B+C+D+E; ‘Nordic SRM’ A+B+C+D+E (springboard);
Diverse concepts used by various donors:
Social insurance: Policies to help house-holds insure against risk
Promotion: Policies to support the particularly vulnerable (disabled, elderly, working children, PLWA)
ISA-RC19, Florence8 Sep, 2007
Timo Voipio, International Social Security Association (ISSA)[email protected] 58
POVNET Work Programme 2007-08 ?…TT-SPE argued
Risk, Vulnerability and Social Protection (RV/SP) =
1) Growth Issues: Key factors in Pro-Poor Growth (PPG)
2) Human Rights Issues: Responsibility to Care
Important for many OECD-governments!!
ISA-RC19, Florence8 Sep, 2007
Timo Voipio, International Social Security Association (ISSA)[email protected] 59
Justifications used by donors for focusing on risk and vulnerability
Pro-poor growth• helps avoid shocks that can derail growth• promotes innovation, risk taking and entrepreneurship• broadens participation in economic growth• focuses on asset accumulation• counteracts irreversible asset depletion
Rights-based• MDGs, basic needs• human development / human security (Sen/JICA) • global socio-economic ‘floor’ (minimum standards) & global compact (MDG8)• democratic participation and social dialogue• sustainable development, lifecycle and inter-generational thinking
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Planned POVNET outputs 07-08 on Social Protection + Empowerment
• Policy and Advocacy Statement Ministers• Good Practice Notes Practitioners
• Social Cash Transfers• Social Health Protection• Agriculture, Climate Change & SocProt• SocProt in the Informal Economy• SocProt in Fragile States• SocProt and HIV/AIDS• Targeting and Universalism in SocProt• Gender and SocProt• Capacity Building for SocProt, incl. ’twinning’
• 1) Consultation drafts 2) South 3) Final drafts
International Social Security Association (ISSA)?
• A non-profit international organization 1927-2007
• Main forum of > 400 social security institutions and administrative bodies from > 150 countries
• Main goal: Dynamic social security
• Headquarters in Geneva, at the ILO-HQ
For more information: WWW.ISSA.INT
ISSA • AISS • IVSS
ISSA: ‘Dynamic Social Security’ ?
(a) Greater administrative efficiency
(b) Support for Social Security reform
(c) Addressing demographic transition
(d) Extension of social protection coverage
(e) Global partnership & visibility for holistic social security & protection & policy
ISSA • AISS • IVSS
Main themes at WorldSocSecForum, Moscow10-15 Sep, 2007 (1/2)
(a) ICT as an instrument of transformation(b) Family allowances & child poverty(c) Managing or leading change(d) Occup.diseases & work injury schemes(e) Demographic & economic assumptions in
actuarial valuations of SocSec and pension schemes
(f) Case Management in unemployment reduction(g) Challenges in the investment of SocSec Funds
ISSA • AISS • IVSS
Main themes at WorldSocSecForum, Moscow10-15 Sep, 2007 (2/2)
(h) ILO strategies to extend SocSec coverage(i) Extension of social health protection to the
informal sector(j) Towards pro-active investment in health(k) Impact of taxation and labour market policies
on the retirement decision(l) New strategies to provide old-age security in
low-income countries
ISSA • AISS • IVSS
ISSA: Extension of social protection coverage !
ISSA needs partners: RC19 !!!
Member-to-Member –’twinning’ !!
Research, documentation, analysis
Contact: [email protected] [email protected]
ISSA • AISS • IVSS