comprehensive review in lea.ppt
TRANSCRIPT
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V.I.P’s INLAW ENFORCEMENT
ADMINISTRATIONBy:
ROMMEL K. MANWONG, Ph.D.
1Dr. Rommel K. Manwong
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LEA is the most comprehensive area in thecriminology board examination carrying aweight of 20 % from the total percentage in
the scoring system.
PRELIMINARY NOTES
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Police Org, Mgmt & dmin w! special foc"s on
#. $' and #. ('') *and new +s-
Personnel *"man #eso"rces Management-
Police Planning & Patrol Operations Police omm"nication /ystems *P/-
omm"nity #elations *P#-
Police ntelligence & /ecret /ervice /ec"rity Management *nd"strial /cty Mgmt-
omparative Police /ystems
COVERAGE
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PART ONE
THE DEVELOPMENT OF POLICESYSTEMS
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QUESTIONS
1. What is meant by the Greek word “politeia” ?
. !tate o" the #ation
$. #ationhood or %ityhood
%. Go&ernment o" a %ityD. 'oli(e )*(ers
2. Whi(h so(iety frst +se the word “Police” to
mean ,erson who en"or(e the law?
. Greeks $. -ren(h
%. Germans D. nglish
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POLICING SYSTEMS
Bas! C"#!$%&s
'oli(e 0 'oliteia G, government of a city
“'olitia R, same meaning above
“Polizei” Gr, Safe keepers (territory)'oli(e F, persons to enforce law
borrowe! by t"e #nglis" an! $mericansto
refer to %$& #'FR#R*
(onstable ,atrol F in origin
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QUESTIONS
3. 5n the history o" law en"or(ement whi(h one
is (onsidered the earliest (odifed law?
. %ode o" King 6amm+rabi
$. 12 7ab+lae%. 7he !+merian %ode
D. %ode o" Kalantiao
4. n an(ient ,oli(e system +sed by the
Greeks.
. Med8ays $. ,hori
%. 7ythingmen D. 9igiles
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Hs&"'!a( Ba!)*'"+#
23;; $.% 0 !+merians ense against
so(iety 0 the S+-$'a# C"$ 21;; $.% 0 $abylonians 0 C"$ " K#*
Ha--+'a/ 0 'rin(i,le
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QUESTION
/. What was the earliest Roman law?
. 7he B+stinian %ode
$. %ode o" Dra(o
%. 12 7ab+laeD. ngloC!aon
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n(ient Rome 0 12 7ab+lae F12 7ables 0 the frstwritten laws m,eror +g+st+s 0 (reated the
Praetorian G.ar!, /rban o"orts F%ity 'atrol
and the 0igiles Ffre fghters@ m,eror B+stinian 0
B+stinian %ode be(ame known as
orp.s 1.ris ivilis F$ody o"
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ngloC!aon FnglandH A4ECAEE C 7ime o" King l"red
II 7+n 'oli(ing 0 2.n F7own@ -rank,ledge system C1; male residents as g+ardians o" the town known
as tyt"ings F1; "amilies.
II 6+e and %ry 0 %om,lainant sho+ts "or themandatory assembly o" men to (at(h the (+l,rit"orn 0 oldest known warning de&i(e
II Royal B+dge 0 in&estigates and ,+nishes
II 7rial by )rdeal 0 ,ain"+l test o" g+iltJinno(en(e
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#ormal 'eriod o" 'oli(ingII!hireCRie&e 0 s"ire Fdistri(tJ(o+ntry rieveFr+lerlater (alled !heri>0 ngland was di&ided into //
military distri(ts +nder the (ontrol o" a rie&e.II7ra&elling B+dge 0 renders 8+dgment and gi&es,+nishmentII
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W#!h$s&$' P$'"II!tat+te o" Win(hesterC 12A/ 0 Wat(hmen
F1 heads C II!tat+te o" 12E/ 0 gate o"
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IIKee,ers o" the 'ea(e 0 time o" King Ri(hard
a,,oint 0 Knights to kee, the Kings 'ea(e
II 7he %harlies 0 time o" King %harles 0
a,,oint 0 night wat(hers known as 3ellmen4 on d+ty "rom s+nset to s+nrise
II $ow !treet R+nner 0 time o" 6enry -ielding
a,,ointment o" "oot ,atrol horse ,atrol
Fmo+nted ,atrol.
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M"$'# P$'" " P"(!#*
IIMetro,olitan 'oli(e (t o" 1A2E 0
moderniLe the ,oli(e system o"ngland@ (reation o" !(otland ard 0Robert 'eel
“Fat"er of +o!ern Policing”
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In France 16th Century - Paris had two patrols: Citizen Night Guard;and the Royal Guard for the kings prote!tion" #he Guard
$otto that e%en today is on the &ren!h poli!e e$'le$
“Vigilat ut Quiescant” - ()e wat!hes that they $ay sleep*
#hey were also !alled GENDARMIE + slang for poli!e offi!ers ,-., / #he position of “Officers de Paix” was for$ed
0origin of (Pea!e Offi!er*1 #he first &ren!h Poli!e Offi!ers / Sergent de Ville’ / servant
of the city
In Italy and Spain Italian – Carabinieri Spanish – Guardia Ciil
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In the !nited States
Boston, 1636 + for$ed the first (Night 2at!h* +
they were !alled ("eather#en$
Philadelhia, 1!33 + instituted the first dayti$e3
paid poli!e ser%i!e
"e# $or%, 1!&& + organized the first $odernA$eri!an poli!e for!e 'ased on the English
4etropolitan poli!e"
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D$0$("%-$#& " P"(!#* # &h$Ph(%%#$s
'reC!,anish 0 ,oli(ing is tribal in nat+re 1:12 0 %arabineros de !eg+ridad '+bli(o 0
the mo+nted ,oli(e
1A3 0 G+ardrilleros 0 r+ral ,oli(e 1A/2 0 G+ardia %i&il 0 town ,oli(e 1231 4 O'*a#! A!& 5 167 0 'hil.
%onstab+lary +nder Ca%&. H$#'y T. A(($# 0
frst %hie" 1216 0 '% -ili,iniLation 0 B'*. G$#. Raa$(
C'a-$ 0 -irst -ili,ino %hie" o" '%
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1E3/ 0 '% 'ersonnel were absorbed by the
'hili,,ine rmy 1E3 0 %ommonwealth (t NAA (reated the
!tate 'oli(e 1E3A 0 %ommonwealth (t N343 0 re(onstit+ted
the 'hili,,ine %onstab+lary 0 '% be(ame an
inde,endent #ational 'oli(e -or(e
1E3E C 7he Manila 'oli(e De,artment introd+(edthe bi(y(le ,atrol.
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Ba,anese )((+,ation 1E41 C 7he Ba,anese Military 'oli(e FKem,etai
took o&er M'D.
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O +g. 1E 0 R 4A4 0 'oli(e (t o" 1E 0
%reation o" the 'oli(e %ommission C ')
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1EEA 0 R A//1 0 '#' Re"orm =ReorganiLation (t d+bbed as the '#''ro"essionaliLation.
Most Re(ent
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," #he law that pro%ides the National Poli!eCo$$ission to !ondu!t Poli!e e5a$ination isA"R"A 6678 9" R"A 788
C" R"A 7 9" 4ay ,-3 ,.?. C" 4ay ,-3 ,.>?
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PART TWO
CONCEPTS ON POLICEORGANI9ATION,
MANAGEMENT ADMINISTRATION
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P"(!$ O'*a#;a&"#
gro+, o" trained ,ersonnel in the feld o"
,+bli( sa"ety administration engaged in thea(hie&ement o" goals and ob8e(ti&es that
,romotes the -a#&$#a#!$ " %$a!$ and
order %'"&$!&"# " ($ a# %'"%$'&y
$#"'!$-$#& " &h$ (a
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Line Type Organization(military type; simplest type)
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Functional Type Organization
(specialized; unctional managers)
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Li d !t " T
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Line and !ta" TypeOrganization
com#ination o line $ unctional
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P"(!$ Ma#a*$-$#&'ertains to the +tiliLation o" a&ailablereso+r(es in an organiLation. F/Ms
P"(!$ a-#s&'a&"#
Re"ers to the ,ro(esses +sed in theorganiLtion
F')!D%R$J')!D%
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= POSDCRB
P(a###* C setting ,er"orman(e ob8e(ti&es
O'*a#;#* C di&iding the work to be done
S&a>#* C filling the org with the right people!position
D'$!&#* C ma1ing decisions
C""'#a&#* 0 interrelating vario"s parts of wor1
R$%"'&#* 0 1eeping exec"tives informed
Budgeting fiscal planning, acco"nting, and control
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A h M
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A%%'"a!h$s # Ma#a*#*P"(!$ O'*a#;a&"#s
C(ass!a( A%%'"a!h
II S!$#&?! Ma#a*$-$#& 4 F-. 7aylor "o(+son workers ,rod+(ti&ityII B+'$a+!'a&! Ma#a*$-$#& 4 FM.Weber"o(+s on di&ision o" labor and hierar(hy o"a+thority
II A-#s&'a&0$ M*-& 4 F6. -ayol
the 14 management ,rin(i,les
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Th$ 1@ Ma#a*$-$#& P'#!%($ FAYOL
Division of Work Authority and Responsibility - right to command Discipline U#&y " C"--a# U#&y " D'$!&"# S+/"'#a&"# " #0+a( #&$'$s& &" *$#$'a( #&$'$s& R$-+#$'a&"# " P$'s"##$( C$#&'a(;a&"# S!a(a' Cha# O'$' E+&y S&a/(&y " %$'s"##$( &$#+'$ I#&a&0$
Es%'& $ C"'%s
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H+-a# R$(a&"#s A%%'"a!hFlton Mayo 0 in(rease ,rod+(ti&ity
B$ha0"'a( S!$#!$ A%%'"a!h
F. Maslow 0 6ierar(hy o" #eeds theoryFM(Gregor 0 7heory =
C FlaLy 0 Fhard worker
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C"#&$-%"'a'y A%%'"a!h
C looking at the organiLation as asystem
Fsystem theory
C re(ogniLing internal and eternal&ariables a>e(ting organiLation
F(ontingen(y theory
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'R5#%5'
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ORGANI9ATIONAL TERMINOLOGIES
Functional Units
Bureau the largest organic f"nctional "nit within a large
department. t comprises of n"mbers of divisions.
Division a primary s"bdivision of a b"rea".Section f"nctional "nit within a division that is necessary
for speciali3ation.
Unit f"nctional gro"p within a section4 or the smallest
f"nctional gro"p with in an organi3ation.
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erritorial Units
Post a fixed point or location to which an officer is assigned for d"ty,s"ch as a designated des1 or office or an intersection or cross wal1
from traffic d"ty. t is a spot location for general g"ard d"ty.
Route a length of streets designated for patrol p"rposes. t is also
called 5+6 768.
Beat
n area assigned for patrol p"rposes, whether foot or motori3ed.
Sector n area containing two or more beats, ro"tes, or posts.
District a geographical s"bdivision of a city for patrol p"rposes, "s"ally
with its own station.
Area a section or territorial division of a large city each comprised ofdesignated districts.
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Sworn Officers all personnel of the police department who have
oath and who posses the power to arrest. Superior Officer - one having s"pervisory responsibilities, either
temporarily or permanently, over officers of lower ran1.
Commanding Officer 9 an officer who is in command of thedepartment, a b"rea", a division, an area, or a district.
Ranking Officer 9 the officer who has the more senior ran1!higher
ran1 in a team or gro"p. Length of Service 9 the period of time that has elapsed since the
oath of office was administered. On Dut 9 the period when an officer is actively engaged in the
performance of his d"ty.
OTHER TERMINOLOGIES
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Leave of A!sence 9 period, which an officer is exc"sed from active d"ty byany valid!acceptable reason, approved by higher a"thority. Sick Leave 9 period which an officer is exc"sed from active d"ty by reason
of illness or in:"ry. Suspension 9 a conse;"ence of an act which temporarily deprives an
officer from the privilege of performing his d"ties as res"lt of violating
directives or other department reg"lations. Department Ru"es 9 r"les established by department directors!s"pervisors
to control the cond"ct of the members of the police force. Dut #anua" 9 describes the proced"res and defines the d"ties of officers
assigned to specified post or position. Order 9 an instr"ction given by a ran1ing officer to a s"bordinate, either a.
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THE PNP ORGANI9ATIONAL SET UP
P$P Staff and Support Units
8he hief of the Philippine +ational Police =ep"ty hief of Philippine +ational Police for dministration =ep"ty hief of Philippine +ational Police for Operations 8he hief of =irectorial /taff
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Directoria" Staff %&unctiona" Staff'
). =irectorate for Personnel 9 #ecord Management
2. =irectorate for ntelligence
>. =irectorate for Operations
?. =irectorate for nvestigation'. =irectorate for 5ogistics
$. =irectorate for Plans
. =irectorate for omptrollership
(. =irectorate for Police omm"nity #elations
. =irectorate for "man #eso"rces and =octrine =evelopment
)0. =irectorate for #esearch and =evelopment
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Administrative Support Units
). 5ogistic /"pport /ervice 5egal /ervice
2. Medical and =ental /ervice
>. omp"ter /ervice
?. rime 5aboratory /"pport /ervice
'. 6ngineering /ervice
$. ead;"arters /"pport /ervice
. @inance /ervice
(. omm"nications96lectronics /ervice
. aptain /ervice
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Operationa" Support Units
). riminal nvestigation
2. +arcotics ommand absorbed into the P=6
>. 8raffic Management
?. ntelligence
'. /pecial ction @orce
$. /ec"rity
. ivil /ec"rity @orce
(. Maritime
. Police omm"nity #elations
)0. viation /ec"rity
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Ranking !ystem
OMM//O+6= O@@6#/
=irector
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NCOs/enior Police Officer B */PO B- Master /ergeant
/enior Police Officer */PO - 8ech. /ergeant
/enior Police Officer */PO - /taff /ergeant/enior Police Officer */PO - /ergeant
Police Officer *PO - orporal
Police Officer *PO - Private )st lass
Police Officer *PO - Private
Cadets of the Phi"ippine $ationa" Po"ice Academ %P$PA' are
c"assified a!ove the Senior Po"ice Officer () and !e"ow the
(nspector rank in the P$P*
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What is 7raditional 'oli(ing? 7he old system or (on(e,t o" ,oli(ingwhereby ,oli(emen are looked +,on as ana+thority
re,resenting the go&ernment it ser&e rather
than as a ser&ant o" the (omm+nity. 6ere 7he,oli(e organiLation is +sed as ,rote(tor o"
the "ew instead o" the many.
Th$ OLD 0s. &h$ NEW
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Ya's&!) " P"(!$ E>!$#!y
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Ya's&!) " P"(!$ E>!$#!ya# E$!&0$#$ss
7he main traditional ,+r,ose o" the ,oli(e is to
,rote(t the a+thority Fthe go&ernment.
6en(e the yardsti(k o" meas+ring ,oli(e e*(ien(y
+nder this kind o" ,oli(ing is the n+mber o" ,eo,le
arrested o" (rimes and the n+mber o" ,eo,le 8ailed.
%&he #'re pe'ple arrested and thr'(n t' )ail* the #'re the p'lice 'r+ani,ati'n is eectie and eicient$.
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%om,aring the old and new (on(e,ts Q 7he 'oliti(al ra 7he Re"orm ra 7he %omm+nity ra
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7h ' li i l F1A4; 1E3;
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7he 'oliti(al ra F1A4;C1E3;
7he ,oli(e "or(es were (hara(teriLed byH +thority (oming "rom ,oliti(ians and
the law broad so(ial ser&i(e "+n(tion De(entraliLed organiLation n intimate relationshi, with the
(omm+nity
tensi&e +se o" "oot ,atrol
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7h R " F1E3; 1EA;
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7he Re"orm ra F1E3;C1EA;
7he ,oli(e "or(es were (hara(teriLed byH +thority (oming "rom the law and
,ro"essionalism %rime (ontrol as their ,rimary "+n(tion (entraliLed and e*(ient organiLation m,hasis on ,re&enti&e motoriLed
,atrol and ra,id res,onse to (rime
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7he %omm+nity ra F1EA;sC
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7he %omm+nity ra F1EA; s,resent
nder this era o" ,oli(ing ,oli(e "or(es are(hara(teriLed byH +thority (oming "rom (omm+nity s+,,ort
law and ,ro"essionalism 'ro&ision o" broad range o" ,oli(e ser&i(es
in(l+ding (rime (ontrol De(entraliLed organiLation n intimate relationshi, with the (omm+nity se o" ,roblemCsol&ing a,,roa(h
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7raditional &s %omm+nity
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7raditional &s %omm+nity'oli(ing
7raditional
go&ernmentagen(y
"or law en"or(ement
%omm+nity
'oli(e are the,+bli( and the,+bli( are the
,oli(e
2ho are the Poli!eD
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7he 7raditionalist 7he %omm+nity )riented
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PART THREE
PERSONNEL MANAGEMENTHUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT
Dr. Rommel K. Manwong
POLICE PERSONNEL
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POLICE PERSONNELIN RE: R.A 771
-low o" 'ersonnel %areerRECR#4EN# PROCEBBRECR#4EN# PROCEBB
Note: @ualifi!ationsNote: @ualifi!ations
BEEC#ON PROCEBBBEEC#ON PROCEBB
Note: Pro!eduresF#estsNote: Pro!eduresF#ests
'ointersHC %itiLenshi
,
C Morality
C ligibilityC d+(ation
C geC 6eight
C
Weight
'ointersHC gility
C Medi(al
C #'
C 5nter&iew
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APPOINTMENT
#oteH #at+re o",,ointment
,,ointing +thorities'()*"*"+'()*"*"+
Note: Btandards of #rainingNote: Btandards of #raining&ield #raining&ield #raining
n Ber%i!e #rainingn Ber%i!e #raining
)PP()*S))PP()*S)
Note: PurposesNote: PurposesBtandards of E%aluationBtandards of E%aluation
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!R"#"$"%
+oteC /ystem ofpromotion
Dinds of PromotionA&&$'%#E%
+oteC P"rposePowers!"thorities
&alaries( Benefits( !rivileges
+oteC ncentives!wardsPays!llowances
#etirement 7enefit
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$%&!E)$"%
+oteC 8ypes
Powers!"thorities to nspect
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Internal (w in units)
External (w in community)
Authorities:CPNP, RD, PD, CD, COP,
HRDD, IA, NAPO!CO"
D$&)$!L$%AR* #E)+A%$&D$&)$!L$%AR* #E)+A%$&
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www.rkmfles.net Dr. Rommel K. Manwong ;
D$&)$!L$%AR* #E)+A%$&D$&)$!L$%AR* #E)+A%$&
+oteC 56, P567, /,+oteC 56, P567, /,
OP, #=, !P+POP, #=, !P+P
dmin Offenses dmin Offenses
!CE # "ayor$%o&ernor
Em'loy # tilie PNP elements
De'loy # Physical mo&ement
P!E* # Central recei&in+ oice
o all citien-s com'laint
Com'osition # .
/erm o oice # 0 yearsNote:
Citien-s Com'laint (P!E*) *reach o, Internal Disci'line
1orum ho''in+
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www.rkmfles.net Dr. Rommel K. Manwong 1
IA Power
Ins'ect, In&esti+ate, ummary Hearin+,
1ilin+ Cases, Assist Om2u3sman
IA Entry # 4oluntary (. years ex'erience)IA Hea3 # Ins'ector %eneral (Ci&ilian)
NAPO!CO" RA*$NA*
RA* # hear 3ecision rom P!E*, RD, "ayor
NA* # hear 3ecision rom CPNP
A-#s&'a&0$ O$#s$s
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A-#s&'a&0$ O$#s$s
enses enses Gra&e )>enses
-ormsH
Mal"easan(e FMis(ond+(t 0 ab+se ,ower Mis"easan(e F5rreg+larities 0 im,ro,er ,er"oQ #onC"easan(e F#egle(t o" D+ty 0 re"+sal Q
www.rkmfles.net Dr. Rommel K. Manwong 2
Im'osa2le Penalties
Re'riman3 1oreiture o Pri&ile+e us'ension Demotion rom Ran5 Dismissal rom er&ice
66 or any com2ination
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www.rkmfles.net Dr. Rommel K. Manwong 3
RE$RE#E%
+oteC +at"re of #etirement
Retirement is either OP/IONA! or "ANDA/OR7
OP/IONA! 8 7EAR O1 ER4ICE # 9 7EAR
"ANDA/OR7 # A%E O1 "E"*ER # .; 7EAR O!D
Retirement *eneit50% of the base pay and longevity pay of the retired grade in case
of twenty (20) years of active service, increasing by 2.5% forevery year of active service rendered beyond twenty (20) yearsto a maximum of 0% for !" years of service and over.
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PART FOUR
POLICE PATROLMa#a*$-$#& a# O%$'a&"#s
Dr. Rommel K. Manwong
,'y is patrol reerred to as t'e
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,'y is patrol reerred to as t'e-#ac#one/ o police organization0
Qbe(a+se it ser&es as the organiLational
"o+ndation "rom whi(h other s,e(ialiLation bran(h
o+t like tra*( in&estigation &i(e (ontrol et(.
5t is also the only di&ision within a de,artmentwhi(h (annot be eliminated.
..,atrol a(ti&ities is abo+t /;S o" all ,oli(e
"+n(tions
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,'at is police patrol0
Qthe reg+lar and re,eated (ir(+it o" g+arding abeat normally ,er"ormed by the ,oli(e in a gi&en
area either on "oot mobile o" other methods o"
,atrol "or the ,+r,ose o" en"or(ing the law and(rime
,re&ention and s+,,ression.
95'H 'atterns o" 'atrollingH..(lo(kwise (o+nterC(lo(kwise LigLag
straightway (lo&erlea"
www.rkmfles.net Dr. Rommel K. Manwong
,' t i 1 ti P t l0
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,'at is 1eacti2e Patrol0
Qthe old system o" ,oli(e ,atrol a(ti&itywhi(h
(onsist o" (ontin+o+sly dri&ing aro+nd thearea o" ,atrol waiting "or something toha,,en and to
rea(t a((ordingly in (ase something does
ha,,en.
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,'at is Proacti2e Patrol0
5t is the more e(onomi(al alternati&e ,atrol
system whi(h has an ob8e(ti&e a,,roa(hagainst (riminality as m+(h as ,ra(ti(able. 5t
addresses
(rime at its &ery root be"ore it is able to de&elo,
into a "elonio+s a(t.
#oteH TT 6igh 9isibility 7heory
TT 7heory o" )mni,resen(e
www.rkmfles.net ADr. Rommel K. Manwong
,'at is participati2e la3
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,'at is participati2e la3enorcement0
5t is a system where the (itiLenry and the ,oli(ework together to red+(e (rime ,re&ent 8+&enile
delinU+en(y and (riminal beha&ior maintain the,ea(e = red+(e lo(al ,roblems whi(h are the
m+t+al res,onsibility o" the ,oli(e = the ,eo,le.
#oteH
C 7he 'eel 'rin(i,le
C Koban !ystem %)'! %omm+nityC)riented
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P'$0$#&"# 0.s.
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R$%'$ss"#
O P'$0$#&"# is the ob8e(ti&e aimed towardsways and means to red+(e the desire o" theh+man
being to (ommit (rime. F,roa(ti&e
O R$%'$ss"#, is the a(t o" ,re&enting thea(t+al
(ommission o" (rimes. Re,ression is le&eledon the ,re&ention o" the &ery a(t itsel" whi(h
(onstit+tes (rimes. Frea(ti&e
www.rkmfles.net :;Dr. Rommel K. Manwong
,'at is t'e purpose o Police
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+niorm0
s with any other o((+,ation the ,oli(e +ni"ormis intended to se,arate ,oli(emen "rom e&eryonewho are not in the same line o" work to a&oid
(on"+sion and to ass+re others o" his a+thority
and his ,resen(e.
#oteH
O 'roa(ti&e meas+re Fass+ran(e o" omni,resen(e
O 'oli(e 9isibility
www.rkmfles.net :1Dr. Rommel K. Manwong
P"(!$ Ds!'$&"#
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P"(!$ Ds!'$&"#
se o" ones own wise 8+dgment on (ertain e&entsor (ir(+mstan(es not (o&ered by !)'s.
www.rkmfles.net Dr. Rommel K. Manwong :2
!am,le !(enario
)n ,atrol alone Rainy = -oggy sit+ation +rban area #o - no 66R no means o" (om to 6V
#o ashlight wearing Rain %oat 3 Males in "ront o" a ,awnsho, w in )R !+s,i(io+s looking
PATROL: CRIME PREVENTION
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EFFORT
I#$ a# N"#4 I#$ C'-$s
Month I#$ C'-$s N"#4 I#$C'-$s
Grand
7otal
%R5M 9!. 'R!)# %R5M 9!.'R)'R7
7)7< 95)< )-R
42/JE1/
)76R%R5M!
7)7<
MRDR
6)M5%5D '65#B
R' R)$$R 76-7
U#$'s&a##* G$#$'a( C'-$ R$%"'&s
INDE CRIMES
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?
INDE CRIMES
-,.//0
INDE CRIMES
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'
INDE CRIMES
1anuary 2 "ctober 34,,
EAKDOWN OF INDE CRIMES BY REGI
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$
O O C S G
1anuary 2 "ctober 34,,
KDOWN OF CRIMES AGAINST PERSON BY RE
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1anuary 2 "ctober 34,,
KDOWN OF CRIMES VS PROPERTY BY REG
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1anuary 2 "ctober 34,,
CRIME TRENDS
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CRIME TRENDS
O
2;12 C s o" ,ril 2;12 (rime rate went downby 1.::S
F((ording to the 'hili,,ine #ational 'oli(e
rime statistics provi!e! by t"e P'P5irectorate for 6nvestigation an! 5etective+anagement (565+) in!icates a 78*99:!ecline in t"e co.ntry;s 2otal rime 0ol.merecor!e! from 1an.ary to +arc" of 7=,
compare! wit" t"e First ?.arter =>77 crimerecor!*
source4'ttp455pcrg.pnp.go2.p'5inde6.p'p5ne3s%releases57%uncategorised589%p'ilippines%posts%lo3er%crime%rates%in%:st%uarter%7
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CRIME
n a(t or omission in&iolation o" a lawJstat+te
O -elony 0 s defned in theR'%
O )>ense 0 9iolation o" !<
O DelinU+en(y 0 Misdemeanor
KEY PLAYERS
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KEY PLAYERS
O VIOLATOR 0 o>ending ,artyFs+s,e(tJres,ondentJa((+sedJ(riminal
O SUFFERER C o>ended ,arty orin8+red ,arty F9i(tim
O EPECTATORS 0 the ,+bli( athird ,arty or a witness
PATROL TARGET
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PATROL TARGET natomy o t'e rime
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$%&RU#E%AL$*8he means or implements "se in the commission of the crime.
*firearm, a bolo, a fan 1nife, ice pic1, poison, a crow bar, a battery9operated hand drill for carnapping, etc.-
"!!"RU%$* 5&$UA$"%6
8he act or omission by a person *victim- which enablesanother *criminals- to operate the crime.*leaving ones home crime prone alley, wearing expensive :ewelryin the sl"m area, readily admitting a stranger into oneEs residence-
#"$7E
8he moving power which impels one to action for a definite res"lt.8he reasons or cause why person or gro"p of persons
perpetratea crime.
Th$ C'-#a( F"'-+(a
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Th$ C'-#a( F"'-+(a
% X 7 Y !
R
WhereH % X (t F%riminal (t 7 X %riminal 7enden(y
FDesireJ5ntent
! X 7otal !it+ation F),,ort+nity
R X Resistan(e to 7em,tation
Ma!h#$'y "' C'-$
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P'$0$#&"#
Th$ C'-#a( 8+s&!$ Sys&$-
'oli(eJ
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Th$ C'-#a( P'"!$ss
PO*.
+ initial response +arrest + suspe!t
P(OS./'*O"
+ in%estigate + deter$inepro'a'le !ause
O/('+ trial +deter$ine guiltor inno!en!e
O((.'*O"+ refor$ + !hange!ri$inal 'eha%ior
O00/"*'$+ law a'iding + help
pre%ent !ri$es %R5M
7he 're&ention o" %rime
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7he 're&ention o" %rime
I& s $0$'y/"ys !"#!$'#JO 5t is not only the 8ob o" the ,oli(e to ,re&ent
(rimes b+t it is the 8ob o" e&erybody
Th$ P$$(s P'#!%($
7he 'oli(e is the '$
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%rime 're&entionQ.
s a %'"a!&0$ -$as+'$ a*a#s&!'-$
Qthe ob8e(ti&e o" whi(h is aimed towardsways and means to red+(e the DESIREo" the ,otential (riminal to (ommit(rime.
%rime Re,ressionQ
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%rime Re,ressionQ
Q is a R%759 meas+re against (rime
Qthe ob8e(ti&e o" whi(h is ,re&enting thea(t+al (ommission o" (rimes.Re,ression is le&eled on the ,re&entiono" the &ery a(t itsel" whi(h (onstit+tes(rimes.
7o 're&ent %rimesQ
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7o 're&ent %rimesQ
O Remo&eJRed+(eJ're&ent %riminaltenden(y
O Remo&eJRed+(e J're&ent the o,,ort+nityon the ,art o" the wo+ld be (riminal
O 5n(reaseJ5m,ro&e Resistan(e to 7em,tation
,,li(ations
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,,li(ations
$y not (ommitting (rimesZ...by not &iolating thelawsQby sim,ly being a LAW ABIDING (itiLenZ
(PR#0#'26'G R6+6'$% 2#'5#'
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Pa&'"(B$a& Pa&'"(
O
-oot 'atrolO $i(y(le 'atrol
S$!&"' Pa&'"( M"&"';$ Pa&'"(
O +tomobile 'atrol
O Motor(y(le 'atrol
O ir(ra"t 'atrol F6eli(o,ter and -iedWing
S%$!a(;$ Pa&'"( M$&h"s
O 6orse Fmo+nted 'atrol
O Marine Fwater 'atrolO %anine FKCE ssisted 'atrol
O !,e(ial 7errain 'atrol
O 79 'atrol F!+r&eillan(e %am
www.rkmfles.net E2
VIPs d&antages =
Disad&antages o" ea(h,atrol method
'ra(ti(al ,,li(ations Related nameJterminology 6istori(al e&ents
N"&$ 1; million smell (ell o"
dogs German !he,herds
Dr. Rommel K. Manwong
,'at are t'e #asic types o Policecalls0
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calls0
O ROUTINE CALL 0 mobile (ar is reU+ired to obser&e
all tra*( laws and r+les and does not normally +se its
ashing lights and siren while on its way to the s(ene
O URGENT CALL 0 also reU+ires the res,onding ,oli(e (arto obser&e all tra*( r+les and does not +se its
ashing lights or siren.O EMERGENCY CALL 0 5n most (ases this (ategory
reU+ires the +se o" the ashing light and +(t+ating
siren altho+gh there are e(e,tions whi(h in(l+de the
attem,t to s+r,rise (riminals in the a(t.
www.rkmfles.net E3Dr. Rommel K. Manwong
P"(!$Pa&'"( C"--+#!a&"# Sys&$-s
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y
95's 'oli(e %om 0 ba(kbone o" ,oli(e ta(ti(s Walkie talkie 0 slang "or 66R 6orn 0 oldest (omm+ni(ation de&i(e
%+nei"orm 0 frst "orm o" writing dyad 0most basi( "orm o" inter,ersonal (omm 7elegra,h 0 frst ele(troni( medi+m o" (omm FW. %ook 1; %odes 0 1;C4 F,ositi&e@ 1;C2; Flo(@ 1;C3/ Fred alert@ 1;C:4
Fnegati&e
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PART FIVE
POLICE
OPERATIONALPLANNING
Dr. Rommel K. Manwong
KEY CONCEPTS
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PLANNING is a management "+n(tion (on(erned withH &is+aliLing "+t+re sit+ations making estimates (on(erning them identi"ying iss+es
analyLing and e&al+ating the alternati&e ways "orrea(hing desired goals estimating the ne(essary "+nds and reso+r(es to do
the
work initiating a(tion to (o,e with the (hanging
(onditions and (ontingent e&ents.
KEY CONCEPTS
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P(a# C an organiLe s(hed+le or seU+en(e bymethodi(al a(ti&ities intended to attaingoals and ob8e(ti&es "or thea((om,lishments o" mission or assignment.
5t is a method or way o" doing something inorder to attain ob8e(ti&es.
'lan ,ro&ides answer to /Ws and 16U+estions.
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P"(!$ O%$'a&"#a( P(a###* C the a(t o"determining ,oli(ies and g+idelines "or ,oli(ea(ti&ities or o,erations and ,ro&iding (ontrols
and sa"eg+ards "or s+(h a(ti&ities.5t may also be the ,ro(ess o" "orm+lating(oordinated seU+en(e o" methodi(al a(ti&itiesand the allo(ation o" reso+r(es to the line +nits
o" the ,oli(e organiLation "or the attainment o"themandated goals and ob8e(ti&es.
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O/$!&0$ is a s,e(if( (ommitment to
a(hie&e a meas+rable res+lt within a s,e(if(
,eriod o" time.
G"a( is a general statement o" ,+r,osety,i(ally with time horiLon. 5t is an a(hie&ableend state
that (an be meas+red and obser&ed.
www.rkmfles.net EEDr. Rommel K. Manwong
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S&'a&$*y is a broad design method@ a ,lan toattain a stated goal or ob8e(ti&es.
Ta!&! a s,e(if( design method or (o+rse o"
a(tion to attain a ,arti(+lar ob8e(ti&e in (onsonan(ewith strategy.
P'"!$+'$ 0 a seU+en(e o" a(ti&ities to rea(h a
,oint or to attain what is desired.
P"(!y 0 a ,rod+(t o" ,r+den(e or wisdom in the
management o" h+man a>airs.
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G+$(#$s 0 a r+le o" a(tion "or the rank and fleto show them how they are e,e(ted to obtain the
desired e>e(t.
A(&$'#a&0$s C are means by whi(h goals and
ob8e(ti&es (an be attained. 7hey maybe ,oli(ies
strategies or a(tions aimed at eliminating a
,roblem
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S&'a&$*! P(a###* 4 is a series o" ,reliminary
de(isions on a "ramework whi(h in t+rn g+ides
s+bseU+ent de(isions that generate the nat+reand dire(tion o" an organiLation.
www.rkmfles.net 1;2Dr. Rommel K. Manwong
Th$ S&'a&$*! P(a###* P'"!$ss
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7!K 1 C De&elo, Mission and )b8e(ti&es
7!K 2 C Diagnose n&ironmental 7hreats =),,ort+nities
7!K 3 C ssess )rganiLational !trengths = Weaknesses
7!K 4 C Generate lternati&e !trategies 7!K / C De&elo, !trategi( 'lan
7!K C De&elo, 7a(ti(al 'lan
7!K : C ssess Res+lts o" !trategi( = 7a(ti(al 'lan
7!K A C Re,eat 'lanning 'ro(ess
#oteH SWOT nalysis
www.rkmfles.net 1;3Dr. Rommel K. Manwong
P"(!y Ma)#* a# P(a###*
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=road >6ternal Policy Planning
the res,onsibility o" the legislati&e bran(h o" the go&ernment. the main (on(ern o" the ,oli(e in this broad eternal ,oli(y
,lanning is assisting the legislat+re in determining ,oli(e
g+ideline thro+gh the ,assage o" a,,ro,riate laws or ordinan(es"or the ,oli(e to en"or(e.
Internal Policy Planning
the res,onsibility o" the %J'#' and other (hie"s o" the di>erent
+nits or headU+arters within their area o" 8+risdi(tion to a(hieðe
ob8e(ti&es or mission o" the ,oli(e organiLation.
y * *
www.rkmfles.net 1;4Dr. Rommel K. Manwong
Wha& a'$ &h$ /as! !"#s$'a&"#s# P"(!$ P(a###*
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Primary *octrines
-#DM#7< D)%7R5# 0 5s the basi( ,rin(i,le in ,lanningorganiLation and management o" the '#' in s+,,ort o" theo&erall ,+rs+its o" the '#' 9ision mission and strategi(a(tion ,lan o" the attainment o" the national ob8e(ti&es.
)'R75)#< D)%7R5# 0 re the ,rin(i,les and r+lesgo&erning the ,lanning organiLation and dire(tion andem,loyment o" the '#' "or(es in the a((om,lishment o"basi( se(+rity o,erational mission in the maintenan(e o",ea(e and order (rime ,re&ention and s+,,ression internalse(+rity and ,+bli( sa"ety o,eration.
-#%75)#< D)%7R5# 0 7his ,ro&ides g+idan(e "ors,e(ialiLed a(ti&ities o" the '#' in the broad feld o" interests+(h as ,ersonnel intelligen(e o,erations logisti(s,lanning et(.
# P"(!$ P(a###*
www.rkmfles.net 1;/Dr. Rommel K. Manwong
!econdary *octrines
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!econdary *octrines
%)M'
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76)R57 0 7he right to eer(ise de(ide and(ommand by &irt+e o" rank and ,osition.
D)%7R5# 0 5t ,ro&ides "or the organiLations
ob8e(ti&es. 5t ,ro&ides the &ario+s a(tions. 5t iswhere ,ro(ed+resJ,lans are based.
%))'R75)#J%))RD5#75)# D5!%5'
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ccording to co2erage
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!trategi( or
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I#&$'-$a&$ "' M$+- Ra#*$P(a###*
5t relates to ,lans whi(h determine U+antity and U+alitye>orts and a((om,lishments. 5t re"ers to the ,ro(ess o"determining the (ontrib+tion on e>orts that (an make or,ro&ide with allo(ated reso+r(es.
Ea-%($s Master 'lan !andiganCMilenyo FntiC%rime Master 'lan Master 'lan !and+goJ l,ha F5!) Master 'lan $anat FntiC5llegal Dr+gs Master 'lan Master 'lan !angCingat F!e(+rity ),erations Master 'lan Master 'lan !aklolo FDisaster Management Master 'lan !angyaman F'rote(tion and 'reser&ation o" n&ironment
%+lt+ral 'ro,erties and #at+ral Reso+r(es Master 'lan
www.rkmfles.net 11;Dr. Rommel K. Manwong
O%$'a&"#a( "' Sh"'& Ra#*$ P(a###*
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5t re"ers to the ,rod+(tion o" ,lans whi(h
determine the s(hed+le o" s,e(ial a(ti&ity and
are a,,li(able "rom one week or less than year
d+ration. 'lan that addresses immediate need
whi(h are s,e(if( and how it (an bea((om,lished on time with a&ailable allo(atedreso+r(es.
am,le
)'
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O R$a!&0$ P(a#s are de&elo,ed as a res+lt o"
(risis. ,arti(+lar ,roblem may o((+r "or
whi(h the de,artment has no ,lan and m+st
U+i(kly de&elo, one sometimes witho+t
(are"+l ,re,aration.O P'"a!&0$ P(a#s are de&elo,ed in
anti(i,ation o" ,roblems. ltho+gh not all,oli(e ,roblems are ,redi(table many are
and it is ,ossible"or a ,oli(e de,artment to ,re,are a res,onsein ad&an(e.
PLAN
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Vs"#a'y P(a#s 4 statement o" &al+es to be +sed to g+idethe de(ision making ,ro(ess.
S&a##* P(a#s ,ro&ide the basi( "ramework "or
res,ondingto organiLational ,roblems.
F+#!&"#a( P(a#s C in(l+de the "ramework "or the o,erationo" the ma8or "+n(tional +nits in the organiLation s+(h as,atrol and in&estigations.
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T-$4s%$!?! P(a#s are (on(erned with as,e(if( ,+r,ose and (on(l+de when anob8e(ti&e is
a((om,lished or a ,roblem is sol&ed.
P'"!$+'a( P(a#s 0 g+ides ro+tine and feld
),erations F. -ield 'ro(ed+resJ6V 'ro(ed+res
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Ta!&!a( P(a#s 7hese are the ,ro(ed+res "or (o,ing with s,e(if(
sit+ations at known lo(ations s+(h as ,lans "or
dealing with an atta(k against b+ildings atta(k
against the '#' headU+arters by lawless elements
5t in(l+de ,lans "or blo(kade 8ail emergen(ies
s,e(ial (omm+nity e&ents s+(h as athleti( (ontest
,arades religio+s a(ti&ities (arni&als strikesdemonstrations and other street a>airs.
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P"(!$ O%$'a&"#s
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FIELD OPERATIONS C are o,erations in thefeld dire(ted by the ,oli(e (ommander andthe
s+bordinate (ommanders aimed at the
a((om,lishment o" the ,rimary tasks o" 0
T1FFI ? PT1OL% INV>!TI@TION
(Plus Vice ontrol and Au2enile ontrol)
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S&a#a' O%$'a&#*P'"!$+'$s
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O SOP 531 0 ')
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SOP 513 0 'G
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O O%(a# 8+-/" 0 &iation !e(+rity Gro+, !trategi( 'lan against terrorist atta(ks
O O%(a# Sa()"% 0 %5DG !trategi( 'lan against )rganiLed %rime Gro+,s F)%G
O OPLAN BANTAY DALAMPASIGAN that sets "orth the o,erational g+idelines
on the heightened se(+rity meas+res and sea borne se(+rity ,atrols.
O NAPOLCOM MC N". 2743 0 5nstit+tionaliLation o" the Do(trine o" %ommandRes,onsibility at all le&els o" %ommand in the '#'
O EO N". C 5nstit+tionaliLation o" the Do(trine o" %ommand Res,onsibility inall Go&ernment o*(es
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OTHER OPERATIONAL GUIDELINES
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P"(!$ B("&&$' ,oli(e blotter is a logbook that (ontains the daily registry o" all (rime
in(ident re,orts o*(ial s+mmaries o" arrest and other signif(ante&ents
re,orted in a ,oli(e station.
se,arate 'oli(e $lotter is maintained "or (rime in(ident re,ortsin&ol&ing
&iolen(e against women and (hildren and those (ases in&ol&ing a %5%<to
,rote(t their ,ri&a(y ,+rs+ant to Re,+bli( (t #+mber FR.. #o. E22
FntiC9iolen(e gainst Women and %hildren (t o" 2;;4 and
R.. #o. E344.
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P"(!$ I#&$'0$#&"# O%$'a&"#sFarrest raid sear(h and seiL+re (he(k,oint
demolition (i&il dist+rban(e management
marked ,oli(e &ehi(le led by a 'oli(e %ommissioned )*(er ,ersonnel in ,res(ribed ,oli(e +ni"orm
&arning s"ot - not allowe!@
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CONDUCT OF POLICE CHECKPOINT
7he establishment o" (he(k,oints m+st always be
a+thoriLed by the '#' and manned by +ni"ormed
'#' ,ersonnel assigned in the area.)ther +nits dire(tly in&ol&ed in an o,eration may
establish mobile (he(k,oints in (oordination with
the %ommander o" the nitJ!tation in the area.
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P"(!$ Ch$!) P"#& C"-%"s&"#O 7eam
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5nternal !e(+rity ),erations
7he '#' is mandated to ,ro&ide a(ti&e s+,,ort
to the -' in 5nternal !e(+rity ),erations
"or the s+,,ression o" the %omm+nist 7erroristMo&ement F%7M and other serio+s threats to
national se(+rity
(P'P lea! role - in .rban areas - s.staine! lawenforcement action)
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Sa-%($s " &h$ PNPP'"*'a-s a# S&'a&$*$s
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POLICE 333 'CR9#75)# and s+,,ression o" (rime thro+gh %)'! )CRDR maintenan(e ,ea(ekee,ing and internal
se(+rity
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DREAMS
DC5!'R!< o" ,oli(eman "rom the headU+arters to the streetand enhan(ement o" (rime ,re&ention ,rogram
RC!7)R75)# o" tr+st and (onfden(e o" the ,eo,le on their,oli(e and gain (omm+nity s+,,ort
EC
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www.rkmfles.net Dr. Rommel K. Manwong 12:
PART SI
POLICE INTELLIGENCEAND SECRET SERVICE
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5" yo+ know the enemy and know yo+rsel" yo+ need not "ear the
res+lt o" a h+ndred battles.
5" yo+ know yo+rsel" and not the enemy "or e&ery &i(tory yo+are a "ool who will meet de"eat in e&ery battle 4 SUNT9U
gainst organiLed (rime internal a>airs
in my de"ensi&e arm@ 5ntelligen(e is my o>ensi&e arm. W.Pa')$'
Defnition o" 7erms
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O Na&"#a( I#&$((*$#!$ 0 the total ,rod+(t o" intelligen(e de&elo,edby all go&ernmental agen(ies that (o&er the broad as,e(ts o" national
,oli(y and se(+rity.O M(&a'y I#&$((*$#!$ 0 it is +sed in the ,re,aration o" military
,oli(ies ,lans and ,rograms. 5t in(l+des the strategi( and (ombatintelligen(e.
O
S&'a&$*! I#&$((*$#!$ 0 that knowledge ,ertaining to the(a,abilities and ,robable (o+rses o" a(tion o" "oreign nations.O C"-/a& I#&$((*$#!$ 0 is reU+ired by the (ommander in order to
determine the best +se o" his a&ailable fre,ower and mane+&er"or(es to a((om,lish his mission and to maintain the se(+rity o" his(ommand.
O C"+#&$' I#&$((*$#!$ 0 an integral ,art o" all intelligen(e o,erations
and as s+(h (ant be se,arated "rom (ombat and strategi(intelligen(e. 5ts ob8e(ti&e is to sa"eg+ard in"ormation againstes,ionage material and installations against sabotage and ,ersonnelagainst s+b&ersi&e
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O T$!h#!a( I#&$((*$#!$ 0 (on(erns "oreign te(hni(al de&elo,ments whi(h ha&ea ,ra(ti(al military a,,li(ation and the ,hysi(al (hara(teristi(s ,er"orman(e(a,abilities and limitations o" material and installation +sed by and "or "oreign.
O A'$a " O%$'a&"# 0 those as,e(ts o" the o,erational en&ironment e(l+si&e o"the militaryJ,oli(e "or(es in&ol&ed. 5t (on(erns weather e(onomi(s ,oliti(sso(iology hydrogra,hi( Fst+dy o" seas lakes et(. and (hara(teristi(s o" theen&ironment o" an area in whi(h militaryJ,oli(e o,erations are taking ,la(e or
,lanned.
O Ca%a/(&$s 0 "orm a ,oli(eJmilitary stand,oint enemy (a,abilities are (o+rseso" a(tion whi(h the enemy (an ado,t and whi(h i" ado,ted will in+en(ed thea((om,lishment o" the "riendly mission either "a&orable or not. -rom a broadernational stand,oint (a,abilities o" a nation are the a&ailable workable (o+rseso" a(tion to a((om,lish national ob8e(ti&es.
O
V+(#$'a/(&$s 0 nations &+lnerabilities are the weaknesses whi(h make its+s(e,tible to any a(tion whi(h red+(es its war ,otential and or its will to fght.
HISTORICAL FEATURES
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MOSES
)ne o" the frst re(orded "ormaliLed intelligen(e e>orts with"ormat (an also be "o+nd in the 6oly $ible #+mbers 13H1:
“$n! +oses sent t"em to spy o.t t"e lan! of anaan an!
sai! .nto t"em, get yo. .p t"is way so.t"war!, an! go .pinto t"e mo.ntainA an! see t"e lan!s, w"at it isA an! t"e people t"at !well t"erein, w"et"er t"ey are strong or weak,few or manyA an! w"at t"e lan! t"ey !welt in, w"et"er intents, or in strong"ol!sA an! w"at lan! isA w"et"er it be fator lean, w"et"er t"ere be woo! t"erein, or not* $n! be of
goo! co.rage an! bring of t"e fr.it of t"e lan!*” 7hes(ri,t+res also named the twel&e intelligen(e agents whomthe
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THE 1 MEN SENT BY MOSES TO SPY CANAAN
!6MM 76 !)# )- [%%R 0 7ribe o" Re+ben!6'7 76 !)# )- 6)R5 0 7ribe o" !imeon%
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RAHAB 7he 6arlot o" Beri(ho FBosh+a 2H1C21 whosheltered and (on(ealed the agents o"5srael made a (o&enant with the agents
and d+,ed their ,+rs+ers. !he was notonly an im,rom,t+ (on"ederate o"immense &al+e "or the Bewish leader o"that "ar distant day b+t also establisheda ,lotC,attern whi(h is still o" ,eriodi(relie" to motion ,i(t+re ,rod+(ers.
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DELILAH 7he 'hilistine +sed her when she allowed'hilistine s,ies to hide in her ho+se FB+dges1. Delilah was an im,rom,t+ intelligen(e
agent. ,art "rom her tonsorial s,e(ialty shealso allowed se to gain intelligen(e "rom a,ower"+l enemy. !he a(hie&ed the largeste>e(ti&e "or(e o" her em,loyers ad&ersaries
and (ontri&ing the stroke whi(h ,+t that"or(e o+t o"
a(tion.
IMPORTANT EVENTS AND PERSONALITIESIN THE WORLD OF INTELLIGENCE
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S+# T;+ %hinese ,hiloso,her (reator o" the7he rt o" War
“6nformation m.st be obtaine! from
men w"o knew t"e enemy sit.ation*”“Bnow t"y enemy an! know yo.rself,
yo. nee! not fear t"e res.lts of a".n!re! battles”
“6f yo. know yo.rself an! not t"eenemy, for every victory, yo. are a foolw"o will meet !efeat in every battle*”
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A($a#$' &h$ G'$a&
When leander the Great was
mar(hing to sia were r+mors o"disa>e(tion growing among his alliesand mer(enaries he so+ght the tr+thand got it by sim,lest e,edient by
de&ising the frst letter sorting ando,ening to obtain in"ormation.
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S$'&"'+s 6e was the Roman %ommander in !,ain who ,ossesseda White -awn and allowed it to be(ome widely known Cthat he deri&ed se(rets and g+idan(e "rom the "awn. 6isintelligen(e agents (redited their in"ormation to thes+,ernat+ral ,ower o" animals.
A)/a'
6e was known to be the saga(io+s master o" the6ind+stan. 6e em,loyed more than 4;;; agents "or thesole ,+r,ose o" bringing him the tr+th that his throne
might rest +,on it.
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G$#*hs Kha#
6e was known 7he Great Mongol who +sedintelligen(e to (onU+er %hina and in&ade %athay.
6e instr+(ted his Generals to send o+t s,ies and+sed ,risoners as so+r(es o" in"ormation. 7heleader o" the soC(alled M)#G)< %)#VR)R! Cmade +se o" e>e(ti&e ,ro,aganda ma(hine bys,reading r+mors o" Mongol 7error they
(olle(ted in"ormation on weaknesses andri&alries o" +ro,e. 7he leaders +s+ally disg+isedas mer(hants.
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O
RENAISSANCE PERIOD
With the rise o" #ationalism and de&elo,ment o" modern armiesintelligen(e be(ame a,,arent to large states. 5n ngland S'F'a#!s Wa(s#*ha- +nder V+een liLabeth organiLed the frst#ational 5ntelligen(e !er&i(e. 6e em,loyed s,ies on the sta> o" thedmiral in %ommand o" the !,anish rmy and able to obtain
in"ormation regarding !,anish rmy as to their shi,s eU+i,ment"or(es and stores. 6e ,rote(ted V+een liLabeth 5 "rom (o+ntlessassassins.
5n -ran(e R!h($+ 0 introd+(ed the network o" (o&ert (olle(torswho transmitted ,rom,t and a((+rate in"ormation to 'aris regardingthe a(ti&ities o" the rebels and dissidents o" the kingdom.
L"+s IV 0 systematiLed ,oliti(al ,oli(y (ontin+o+s s+r&eillan(e,ostal (ensorshi, and military intelligen(e organiLation were his(ontrib+tions.
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7he Frenc' Intelligence !ystem (ontin+ed sin(e 1/th%ent+ry.
Na%"($"# B"#a%a'&$ on(e said )ne !,y in the right,la(e is worth 2;;;; men in the feld. 6e organiLed two$+rea+s o" 5nterestH =ureau o Intelligence 0 whi(h
(onsolidate all in(oming in"ormation regarding the enemy"or ,resentation to the em,eror and to obtain in"ormationas desired and Topograp'ic =ureau 0 whi(h maintainsa large ma, whi(h (o&ers the latest in"ormation regardingboth enemy and "riendly "or(es. 6e maintained Military5ntelligen(e and !e(ret 'oliti(al 'oli(e !er&i(e all o&er
+ro,e. 6is main arm was Spy against spy” (on(e,t*
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F'$$'!) &h$ G'$a&
6e was known as the -Fat'er o Organized Bilitary>spionage/
6e has di&ided his agents into "o+r (lassesHO ommon spies 0 those re(r+ited among ,oor "olk glad to earn
a small s+m or to a((ommodate as military o*(er.O 5o.ble spies 0 are +nreliable renegades (hiey in&ol&ed in
s,reading "alse in"ormation to the enemy.O Spies of onseC.ences 0 (o+riers and noblemen sta>
o*(ers and kindred (ons,irators reU+iring a s+bstantialbribe or bait
O 'ersons who were "or(ed to +ndertake es,ionage against theirown will.
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Ha##/a(6e was (onsidered one o" the brilliant military strategists inthe history o" military intelligen(e. 6e had de&elo,ed ane>e(ti&e intelligen(e system "or 1/ years in Rome. 6e +s+allyroam aro+nd the (ity o"ten disg+ise himsel" as a beggar togather frst hand in"ormation.
8+(+s Ca$sa'
D+ring his time the sta> o" ea(h Roman
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O G$"'*$ Wash#*&"# %ons,irator +nder oath abo+nds in the history o" e&ery nation.
George Washington was grand master in intelligen(e. 6e mobiliLedthe -ree Masons o" the (olonies at the o+tbreak o" the meri(an waro" 5nde,enden(e.
O Ka'( S!h+(-$s&$'6e was #a,oleons eye #a,oleons military se(ret born on +g+st /1::;. 6e began his (areer in o>ensi&e es,ionage +nder a (o&er role.
6e was able to infltrate the +strian General !ta>.
O W(h$(- S&$/$'6e in(or,orated intelligen(e in the General !ta> !+,,ort !ystem. 6e"+rther de&i(e military (ensorshi, and organiLed military ,ro,aganda.6e introd+(ed military (ensorshi, and organiLed military ,ro,aganda.6e works as a (ens+s taker and de&elo,ed in"ormal gathering o" data.
O A('$ R$(6e was one o" the most brilliant intelligent agents. 7ho+gh ahomose+al he be(ame %hie" o" the +stro 0 6+ngarian !e(ret!er&i(e. 6e be(ame a do+ble agent o" R+ssia.
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B'ah-a Ka+&(ya
5n n(ient 5ndia he o&erthrew the #anda Dynasty andestablished the frst MR# king in the 5ndianthrone. 6e re(ommended to his king that "or the r+lerto s+((eed the r+ler sho+ld strike at his enemys weak,oints by means o" s,ies. 6e ,ro,osed the "ollowingmeans to (onU+er enemys strongholdH 5ntrig+es ands,ies C Winning o&er enemys ,eo,le C !iege and assa+ltC $e"ore beginning military o,eration a (onU+erorsho+ld know the (om,arati&e strength and weaknesses
o" himsel" and his enemy. #o war sho+ld be +ndertakenwitho+t (are"+l eamination o" all "a(tors re,orted bythe kings s,ies.
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O
Ma. G$#$'a( D"#"0a#6e was the organiLer o" the )!! b+ilder o" a (entralintelligen(e system C )!! whose e,loits be(ome legendary inWorld War 55.
O V Ra!)$&s 4 )!! agents working in (on8+n(tion with the$ritish 5ntelligen(e thro+gh ,enetration and te(hni(alintelligen(e dis(o&ered '+nem+ndo whi(h was the 92 g+ide
missile resear(h ,ro8e(t o" #aLi Germany. 5t res+lted to itsdestr+(tion and hea&y bombing.O Ba&&($ " M
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O S&a&$ I#"'-$'
dward 5 King o" ngland in 1:2/ organiLed a systemati( ,oli(esystem so (alled Wit(h and Ward. $y Royal ,ro(lamation the,ro"ession !tate 5n"ormer was (reated in 1:34 en8oining allin"ormers to e,ose (riminal a(ti&ities and be (om,ensated.
O 8"s$%h F"+!h$
-Fat'er o Police Intelligence Operations/. -ren(hmanborn in 1:/E rose to be(ome the most "eared and res,e(tedintelligen(e dire(tor in -ren(h history. 6e (reated a network o"agent. 6is assistan(e "o+nded the modern system o" s,ying ons,ies whi(h later was known as (o+nter es,ionage.
O 8"s$%h P$&'"s#"
6e was member o" the #ew ork 'oli(e De,artment in early1E;; he was the head o" the 5talian !U+ad. 7hro+gh etensi&eintelligen(e network he was (redited to smash andne+traliLation o" the $la(k !o(iety.
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O F$$'a( B+'$a+ " I#0$s&*a&"#-irst established in 1E;A as an in&estigati&e arm o" the .!. De,artment o"
B+sti(e and be(ame what is known as the -.$.5. +nder its frst dire(tor Bohndgar 6oo&er in 1E24. )n !e,tember 1E3E by a ,residential dire(ti&e it(ame to its res,onsibility the task o" a domesti( intelligen(e.
O C$#&'a( I#&$((*$#!$ A*$#!y C 7he agen(y was (reated +nder the !#ational !e(+rity (t o" 1E4:. 5t was the %entral 5ntelligen(e gro+,established d+ring the time o" 'resident 7r+man in Ban+ary 1E4. 7he %5was +nder the #ational !e(+rity %o+n(il.
O C"--&&$$ "' S&a&$ S$!+'&y 4 R+ssia C 7he 5ntelligen(e agen(y knownas the KGB C Komitet Gos+darst&ennoy $eLo,asnosti FKG$
O B'&sh S$!'$& S$'0!$ 0 Great $ritain
O
M"ssa 0 5srael
O B'&a#: S!"&(a# Ya', L"#"# M$&'"%"(&a# P"(!$ F"'!$5t was established by !ir Robert 'eel in 1A2E whi(h signaled the beginning o"a (olor"+l legendary ,oli(e "or(e and (onsidered one o" the most e*(ient inthe world today.
5ntelligen(e and the WorldWars
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WORLD WAR 1
O 1E;; 0 +ro,e ,owers de&elo,ed modern sta> systems and ,la(e intelligen(eon the same le&el with ,ersonnel o,erations and logisti(s. 5ntelligen(e then"+n(tioned in time o" ,ea(e and war. 5ntelligen(e d+ring this ,eriod(on(entrated on in"ormation abo+t the armed "or(es o" the enemy and their(a,abilities. 5R%R-7 was introd+(ed as a method o" (ond+(ting aerialre(onnaissan(e. W5R
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WORLD WAR II
O GRM# 5#7
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O ! 5#7e(tion among !o&iet troo,s and antiC(omm+nism in any "orm. 5ts f&e ma8or di&isions areH dministration ),eration5n&estigation 'rose(+tion and 'ersonnel.
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POST WAR PERIOD: Th$ s+%$'%"
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O F'$#!h I#&$((*$#!$ Sys&$- 7he !D% D D)%M#775)# 7R5R 7 DR %)#7R!'5)#G F!D%C-)R5G# 5ntelligen(e and (o+nterintelligen(e!er&i(e was +nder the o*(e o" the 'rime Minister. G#R< %6R
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5ntelligen(e is sometimes des(ribed as a world o" de(eit and
betrayal. !ome o" the high ,ersonalities whi(h e&iden(e thisdes(ri,tion areH
BD576 %)'
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I#&$((*$#!$ D$?#$
O &ebster defnes intelligen(e as the (a,a(ity "or +nderstanding and "orother "orms o" ada,ti&e intelle(t o" beha&ior@ the mind in o,eration@ the,ower o" meeting any sit+ation es,e(ially a no&el sit+ation s+((ess"+llyby ,ro,er beha&ior ad8+stments@ the ability to a,,rehend theinterrelationshi,s o" ,resented "a(ts in s+(h a way as to g+ide a(tiontowards goal@ knowledge o" an e&ent (ir(+mstan(es et(. re(ei&ed orim,arted@ the gathering or distrib+tion o" in"ormation@ the sta> o" ,ersonsengaged in obtaining s+(h in"ormation.
O 3ase on Psyc"ology4 5ntelligen(e is the (a,a(ity o" a ,erson to ad8+st tonew sit+ations thro+gh the +se o" what has been ,re&io+sly learned.
O $ccor!ing to Government 4 ommission 2ask Force 4 5t means the(olle(tion ,ro(essing (ollation inter,retation e&al+ation anddissemination o" in"ormation with re"eren(es to national se(+rity. 5n
(ertain (ontet it may also mean the network or the system "or the(olle(tion (ollation inter,retation e&al+ation ,ro(essing anddissemination o" in"ormation. 7he term as +sed here doesnt in(l+de any,oli(e ,owers or a+thorities any in&estigati&e "+n(tion other than thosein&ol&e in the (olle(tion o" in"ormation nor any "+n(tion in&ol&ed in theen"or(ement o" laws orders or reg+lation.
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ccording to Bilitary Terminologies % I#&$((*$#!$ s&h$ $# %'"+!& '$s+(&#* '"- &h$ !"(($!&"#,$0a(+a&"#, a#a(yss, #&$*'a&"# a# #&$'%'$&a&"# "a(( a0a(a/($ #"'-a&"#
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%O Bilitary 0 o>ensi&e and de"ensi&e ta(ti(s war ,lans
strategi( (on(e,ts and ta(ti(al ,rin(i,les organiLationsinstallations ind+strial lease armed "or(es (ommandstr+(t+re (ommand ,ersonnel material ta(ti(s morale
O @eneral 0 to,ogra,hi(al and hydrogra,hi( (hara(teristi(shistori(al ba(kgro+nds
O
*iplomatic 0 "oreign ,oli(ies allian(es di,lomati(establishment "oreign ser&i(e ,ersonnel te(hniU+e o"(ond+(ting "oreign relations
O Political 0 ideology traditions instit+tions ,ersonalitiesarea o" "ri(tion
O ommunications and Transportation 0 tele,hones
telegra,hs wireless railways shi,,ing a+tomobiles andtr+(ks highways a&iation ownershi, ,oli(iesorganiLation ,ersonnel
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O !ocial 0 nationality str+(t+re (lasses and (aste histori(al "a(tors
(ens+s ,ersonal as,e(ts (hara(teristi(s and mentality o" ,eo,le"or(es so(ial legislation radio tele&ision ,ress motion ,i(t+re
O Intelligence 0 organiLations methods and ,ersonnel o" (om,etingintelligen(e system
O >conomic % )n e(onomi(s the areas are onH
-inan(ial 0 Monetary ,oli(ies %+rren(y str+(t+re 7ransa(tions5nstit+tions 'ersonalities
%ommer(ial 0 trade ,oli(ies markets trading methods ,ri(e ,oli(ies,ersonalities
5nd+strial 0 str+(t+re o" %a,a(ity man+"a(t+ring ,lants and ,ro(essesraw material energy rotations labor relations ,ersonalities
Mining 0 Mineral Reso+r(es 'rod+(tion method )+t,+tgri(+lt+re 0 ,oli(ies (ro, str+(t+re (+lti&ation method me(haniLationfnan(ing s,e(if( (hara(teristi(s o" r+ral ,o,+lation
P'#!%($s " I#&$((*$#!$
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O bectivity C in intelligen(e only the well g+ided s+((eed. 5t is abasi( intelligen(e (on(e,t that there m+st be +nity betweenknowledge and a(tion. 5t "ollows there"ore that intelligen(e sho+ldintera(t and (ondition the de(ision. 5ntelligen(e m+st be ada,tedto the needs o" the de(ision@ it is both gi&er and taker. (tion orde(ision is ,lanned by knowledge and g+ided by it at e&ery ste,.
O 6nter!epen!ence C 5ntelligen(e is artif(ially s+bdi&ided into(om,onent elements to ins+re (om,lete (o&erage eliminated+,li(ation and to red+(e the o&erall task or manageable siLes.#e&ertheless ea(h s+bdi&ision remains as essential ,art o" +nity@(ontrib+tes ,ro,ortionately to the end res+lt@ ,ossesses a ,re(iseinterrelationshi,@ and intera(ts with ea(h other so as to a(hie&e abalan(ed and harmonio+s whole.
O ontin.ity C 5ntelligen(e m+st be (ontin+o+s. 5t is ne(essary that(o&erage be (ontin+o+s so that the sha,e o" what ha,,ens today(o+ld be st+died in the light o" what ha,,ened be"ore whi(h int+rn wo+ld enable +s to ,redi(t the sha,e o" things to (ome.
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O omm.nication C 5ntelligen(e adeU+ate to their needs m+st be(omm+ni(ated to all the de(ision makers in manner that theywill +nderstand and "orm that will ,ermit its most e>e(ti&e +se.
O /sef.lness C 5ntelligen(e is +seless i" it remains in the minds orin the fles o" its (olle(tors or its ,rod+(ers. 7he story m+st be
told and it m+st be told well. 7he story m+st be (on&in(ing andto be (on&in(ing it m+st not only be ,la+sible or "a(t+al b+t itssignif(an(e m+st be shown.
O Selection C 5ntelligen(e sho+ld be essential and ,ertinent to the,+r,ose at hand. 5ntelligen(e in&ol&es the ,lowing thro+gh amaLe o" in"ormation (onsidering inn+merable n+mber o" means
or o" ,i(king the most ,romising o" a m+ltit+de o" leads. 7hereU+irement o" de(isionCmaking (o&ers &ery nearly the entires,an o" h+man knowledge. nless there is sele(tion o" only themost essential and the ,ertinent intelligen(e will go o> in alldire(tions in one mon+mental waste o" e>ort.
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O 2imeliness C 5ntelligen(e m+st be (omm+ni(atedto the de(ision maker at the a,,ro,riate time to,ermit its most e>e(ti&e +se. 7his is one o" themost im,ortant and most ob&io+s "or5ntelligen(e that is too soon or too late are
eU+ally +seless. 7imeliness is one ,rin(i,le that(om,lements all the others.
O Sec.rity C !e(+rity is a(hie&ed by the meas+res
whi(h intelligen(e takes to ,rote(t and ,reserðe integrity o" its a(ti&ities. 5" intelligen(e hasno se(+rity it might be as well being r+n like anews,a,er to whi(h it is similar.
G$#$'a( A!&0&$s
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O
S&'a&$*! I#&$((*$#!$ 0 it is an intelligen(e a(ti&ity whi(h is ,rimarily longrange in nat+re with little ,ra(ti(al immediate o,eration &al+e.
O L#$ I#&$((*$#!$ 0 it is an intelligen(e a(ti&ity that has the immediatenat+re and &al+e ne(essary "or more e>e(ti&e ,oli(e ,lanning and o,eration.
O Na&"#a( I#&$((*$#!$ C it is the integrated ,rod+(t o" intelligen(e de&elo,edby all the go&ernmental bran(hes de,artments (on(erning the broad as,e(to" national se(+rity and ,oli(y. 5t is (on(erned to more than one de,artment oragen(y and it is not ,rod+(ed by single entity. 5t is +sed to (oordinate all thea(ti&ities o" the go&ernment in de&elo,ing and ee(+ting integrated andnational ,oli(ies and ,lans.
O C"+#&$'4I#&$((*$#!$ 0 ,hase o" intelligen(e (o&ering the a(ti&ity de&oted indestroying the e>e(ti&eness o" hostile "oreign a(ti&ities and to the ,rote(tiono" in"o against es,ionage s+b&ersion and sabotage.
O U#$'!"0$' W"') 0 is an in&estigati&e ,ro(ess in whi(h disg+ises and,retet (o&er and de(e,tion are +sed to gain the (onfden(e o" (riminals+s,e(ts "or the ,+r,ose o" determining the nat+re and etent o" any (riminala(ti&ities that maybe (ontem,lating or ,er,et+ating.
F+#!&"#a( C(ass?!a&"#" P"(!$ I#&$((*$#!$
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O C'-#a( I#&$((*$#!$ 0 re"ers to theknowledge essential to the ,re&ention o" (rimesand the in&estigation arrest and ,rose(+tion o"(riminal o>enders.
O I#&$'#a( S$!+'&y I#&$((*$#!$ 0 re"ers to theknowledge essential to the maintenan(e o",ea(e and order.
O P+/(! Sa$&y I#&$((*$#!$ 0 re"ers to the
knowledge essential to ens+re the ,rote(tion o"li&es and ,ro,erties.
F"'-s " I#&$((*$#!$
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O
S"!"("*!a( I#&$((*$#!$ 0 deals with the demogra,hi( and,sy(hologi(al as,e(ts o" gro+,s o" ,eo,le. 5t in(l+des the ,o,+lationand man,ower and the (hara(teristi(s o" the ,eo,le ,+bli( o,inion 0attit+de o" the ma8ority o" the ,eo,le towards matter o" ,+bli( ,oli(yand ed+(ation.
O B"*'a%h!a( I#&$((*$#!$ 0 deals with indi&id+als ,ersonalitieswho ha&e a(t+al ,ossession o" ,ower.
O A'-$ F"'!$ I#&$((*$#!$ 0 deals with the armed "or(es o" thenation. 5t in(l+des the ,osition o" the armed "or(es the (onstit+tionaland legal basis o" its (reation and a(t+al role the organiLationalstr+(t+re and territorial dis,osition and the military man,owerre(r+itment and )rder o" $attle
O
G$"*'a%h!a( I#&$((*$#!$ 0 deals with the ,rogress o" resear(hand de&elo,ment as it a>e(ts the e(onomi( and military ,otential o"a nation.
THREE KINDS OF INTELLIGENCE
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S&'a&$*! I#&$((*$#!$ 0 as defned earlier it is anintelligen(e data that are not o" an immediate &al+e. 5t is+s+ally des(ri,ti&e in nat+re a((+m+lation o" ,hysi(aldes(ri,tion o" ,ersonalities mod+s o,erandi. 5t does notha&e immediate o,erational &al+e b+t rather long range thatmay be(ome rele&ant to "+t+re ,oli(e o,erations.
L#$ I#&$((*$#!$ 0 5t is the kind o" intelligen(e reU+ired bythe (ommander to ,ro&ide "or ,lanning and (ond+(t ta(ti(aland administrati&e o,eration in (o+nter ins+rgen(y. 7his,ertains to knowledge o" 'eo,le Weather nemy and 7errain PWET +sed in ,lanning and (ond+(ting ta(ti(al andadministrati&e o,eration in a (o+nter ins+rgen(y.
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5ntelligen(e in"ormation to be determined in L#$I#&$((*$#!$ areH
O P$"%($ C li&ing (ondition o" the ,eo,le so+r(es o" in(omeed+(ation o" the ,eo,le go&ernment li&elihood ,ro8e(tsetent o" enemy in+en(e to the ,eo,le
O W$a&h$' 0 &isibility (lo+dy tem,erat+re ,re(i,itationFrain wind
O E#$-y 4 (o(ation o" the enemy strength o" the enemydis,osition ta(ti(al (a,ability enemy &+lnerability
O T$''a# C relie" and drainage system &egetation s+r"a(e
material man made "eat+res. 7here are military as,e(ts o"terrain whi(h in(l+des (o&er and (on(ealment obsta(le(riti(al key terrain "eat+res obser&ation and felds o" freand a&en+es o" a,,roa(h.
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O
C"+#&$' I#&$((*$#!$ CI 4 this kind o" intelligen(e(o&ers the a(ti&ity de&oted in destroying thee>e(ti&eness o" hostile "oreign a(ti&ities and to the,rote(tion o" in"o against es,ionage s+b&ersion andsabotage. 6en(e the three a(ti&ities o" %5 areH,rote(tion o" in"ormation against es,ionage@ ,rote(tion
o" ,ersonnel against s+b&ersion@ and ,rote(tion o"installations and material against sabotage.
Meas+res in %5 m+st be both ,assi&e and a(ti&e. 'assi&emeas+res are those meas+res whi(h seek to (on(ealin"o "rom the enemy while a(ti&e meas+res are thosewhi(h seek a(ti&ely to blo(k the enemys e>orts to gainin"o or engage in es,ionage s+b&ersion or sabotage.
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%o+nter 5ntelligen(e is also known asN$*a&0$ I#&$((*$#!$
C a generi( termmeaning three di>erent things@
O !ecurity Intelligence 0 means that the total s+m o" e>orts to (o+nsel thenational ,oli(ies di,lomati( de(isions military data and any other in"ormationo" a se(ret nat+re a>e(ting the se(+rity o" the nation "orm +na+thoriLed,ersons. 5t is an e>ort to deny in"ormation to +na+thoriLed ,ersons byrestri(ting to those who are e,li(itly a+thoriLed to ,ossess it.
O ounter%Intelligence 4 (o+nter intelligen(e is the organiLed e>ort to ,rote(ts,e(if( data that might be o" &al+e to the o,,onents own intelligen(eorganiLation. !ome o" its "+n(tions areH ensors"ip 0 o" the "ollowingH(orres,onden(e broad(ast tele(ast tele,hone (on&ersations telegrams and(ables et(. ,re&ention o" the dissemination o" any in"ormation that might aidan o,,onent@ maintenan(e o" fles o" s+s,e(t@ s+r&eillan(e o" s+s,e(ts@ mailreading wire ta,,ing and re(ording@ infltration o" the enemy intelligen(eorganiLed to ,ro(+re in"ormation abo+t its method ,ersonal s,e(if( o,erationsand interest.
O ounter%>spionage 4 5n (o+nterCes,ionage negati&e intelligen(e be(omes adynami( and a(ti&e e>ort. 5ts ,+r,ose is to in&estigate a(t+al or theoreti(al&iolation o" es,ionage laws to en"or(e those laws and to a,,rehend any&iolators.
F0$ Ca&$*"'$s " CI O%$'a&"#
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F0$ Ca&$*"'$s " CI O%$'a&"#O M(&a'y S$!+'&y 0 it en(om,asses the meas+res taken
by a (ommand to ,rote(t itsel" against es,ionage enemyo,eration sabotage s+b&ersion or s+r,rise. am,les areH
!e(re(y dis(i,line C !,e(ial sa"eg+arding o" (lassifedin"ormation C !e(+rity o" troo, mo&ement C !,e(ialhandling o" weather = es(a,es C %o+nter s+b&ersion with inthe armed "or(es C 7a(ti(al meas+res in (ombat area
O P"'& F'"#&$' a# T'a0$( S$!+'&y 0 has to do with thea,,li(ation o" both military and (i&il se(+rity meas+res "or%5 (ontrol at ,oint o" entry and de,art+re internationalborders or bo+ndaries. am,les areH!e(+rity s(reeningand (ontrol o" "rontier !e(+rity (ontrol o" mer(hants
seaman and (rew o" (ommer(ial air(ra"t !e(+rity (ontrol o""rontier (rossing ,oint
!e(+rity (ontrol o" sea,orts
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O
C0( S$!+'&y 0 it en(om,asses a(ti&e and ,assi&e %5meas+res a>e(ting the nonCmilitary nationals,ermanently or tem,orarily residing in an area +ndermilitary 8+risdi(tion. am,les areH !ystemati(registration o" (i&ilians and aliens
%ontrol o" (ir(+lation %+r"ew !+r&eillan(e o" s+s,e(ted
,oliti(al organiLations !e(+rity s(reening o" labor5ss+an(e o" ,asses and ,ermits %ontrol o" internal(ommer(e
O C$#s"'sh% 0 it is the (ontrol and eamination o" the(i&il national armed "or(es feld ,ress and ')Ws.
O S%$!a( O%$'a&"#s 0 (o+nter s+b&ersion sabotageand es,ionage
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THE INTELLIGENCE CYCLE
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P)S. 1
PANNNG #)E COEC#ONE&&OR#
P)S. 2
COEC#ON O&N&OR4A#ON
P)S. 3
PROCEBBNG #)ECOEC#E< N&OR4A#ON
P)S. &
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7his ,hase o" the (y(le in&ol&e thedetermination o" the reU+irements o"intelligen(e. 5t is (on(erned withidenti"ying the so (alled >ssential
>lement o Inormation (>>I) % anitem o" intelligen(e or in"ormation o" the(hara(teristi(s o" the area o" o,erationsand the enemy whi(h the (ommander
"eels he needs be"ore he needs be"orehe (an reasonably arri&e at a de(ision.
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O What are their (a,abilities and&+lnerabilities?
O What are the ,hysi(al (hara(teristi(s o" the,robable area o" o,eration?
O What ma8or ,oli(ies ,lans and de(isionsm+st be made in the near "+t+re?
O What ste, m+st be taken to ,reser&e these(+rity o" the nation?
O What is the in"ormation reU+ired by thehigher lower or ad8a(ent e(helons within thego&ernment or armed "or(es?
PHASE C"(($!&"# " #"'-a&"#
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7his ,hase o" the (y(le is (on(erned with identif(ationo" the (olle(ting agen(y the "orm+lation o" ,ro(ed+reson the manner o" (olle(ting the in"ormation in(on8+n(tion with the ,lans as a(hie&ed in ,hase one.
O Bet'ods o ollection 0 in"ormation (an be (olle(ted
thro+gh o&ert method Fo,en system or (o&ert methodFse(retJ(landestine.O ollecting gencies 0 de,ending on the ty,e o"
o,eration the (olle(ting agen(y (o+ld be Go&ernmentgen(ies 5ntelligen(e +nits or )rganiLations
O Trade rats 0 in(l+des the +se o" ,hotogra,hy
in&estigations J eli(itation J interrogation s+r&eillan(eso+nd eU+i,ment s+rre,titio+s entry 0 keys and lo(ks+se o" an artist (omm+ni(ation
PHASE P'"!$ss#* &h$ C"(($!&$ I#"'-a&"#
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O 7his ,hase o" the (y(le is (on(erned with the eamination and (ollationo" all (olle(ted in"ormation.
!teps in Processing 1a3 Inormation
C"(($!&"# 0 organiLation o" raw data and in"ormation into +sable "orm@gro+,ing similar items o" in"ormation so that they will be readilya((essible.
R$!"'#* 0 is the red+(tion o" in"o into writing or some other "orm o"gra,hi(al re,resentation and the arranging or this in"o into writing orsome "orm o" gra,hi(al re,resentation and the arranging o" this intogro+,s o" related items. 'oli(e log book and Bo+rnal 5ntelCwork !heet C5ntel -iles !it+ation Ma,s C Ro+ges Gallery Mod+s ),erandi -ilesE0a(+a&"# 0 eamination o" raw in"ormation to determine intelligen(e&al+e ,ertinen(e o" the in"ormation reliability o" the so+r(e andagen(y and its (redibility or tr+th o" in"ormation.
>2aluation is the determination o" the ,ertinen(e o" the in"o to theo,eration reliability o" the so+r(e o" or agen(y and the a((+ra(y o" thein"o.
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ACCRAC
1 / onfir$ed 'yother
2 / Pro'a'ly true
3 / Possi'ly true& / ou'tfully true4 / *$pro'a'le6 / 'ruth !annot 'e Hudged
REA9#) / o$pletely
relia'leB / /sually relia'le
/ 5airly relia'le / "ot usually
relia'le. / /nrelia'le
5 / ( elia'ility !annot'e Hudged
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s to !o+r(e o"5n"oT4 Dire(t )bser&ation by %omdrJ%h" o" nit
U4 Re,ort by D' or Resident gent
V4 Re,ort by '#'J-' 7roo,sW4 5nterrogation o" %a,t+red nemy
4 )bser&ation o" go&tJ(i&ilian em,loyee
Y 0 )bser&ation "rom ,o,+la(e
94 Do(+mentary
PHASE @Dss$-#a&"# Us$ " I#"'-a&"#
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7his ,hase o" the (y(le re"ers to thea(ti&ities o" trans"erring the ,ro(essedin"ormation to the ,ro,er +sers most,arti(+larly the a+thority that reU+ires the
a(ti&ity. 'ro(essed in"ormation (an bedisseminated thro+gh annees estimatesbriefng message re,orts o&erlays andor s+mmaries.
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Bet'ods o *isseminationO -ragmentary orders "rom to, to bottom
o" the (ommand
O
Memorand+m (ir(+lars s,e(ial ordersO ),erations order oral or written
O %on"eren(e 0 sta> members
O )ther re,ort and intelligen(edo(+ments
O 'ersonal %onta(t
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,'o are t'e users o intelligence0O #ational leaders and military (ommanders 0
"orm+lation and im,lementation o" national ,oli(ies.
O d&isors and !ta> 0 ,re,arations o" ,lans and
estimatesO -riendly nations or other bran(hes o" the armed "or(es.
O 'ro(essor 0 basis "or e&al+ation and inter,retation.
O 6ead J (hairman o" an organiLation
O
ny ,erson with a+thority "or ,+r,oses o" ,lanning.
INFORMATIONAND ITS SOURCES
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5#-)RM75)# 5! 76
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INFORMATION
5n"ormation re"ers to all e&al+ated materials o" e&ery des(ri,tion
in(l+ding those deri&ed "rom obser&ation re,orts r+mors
imagery and other so+r(es "rom whi(h intelligen(e in ,rod+(ed.
5n"ormation is a (omm+ni(ated knowledge by others obtainingby ,ersonal st+dy in&estigation resear(h analysis obser&ation.
T
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O0$'& I#&$((*$#!$ 0 is the gathering o" in"ormation or do(+ments,ro(+red o,enly witho+t regard as to whether the s+b8e(t or target
be(ome knowledgeable o" the ,+r,oseO%$# S"+'!$s: 5n(l+des in"ormation taken "rom
O nemy a(ti&ityO ')W and %i&iliansO %a,t+red do(+mentsO Ma, C Weather "ore(ast st+dies re,ort C gen(ies
O C"0$'& I#&$((*$#!$ 0 is the se(ret ,ro(+rement o" in"ormationwhi(h is obtained witho+t the knowledge o" the ,erson or ,ersonssa"eg+arding
&ital intelligen(e interest.C("s$ S"+'!$sH 5n(l+de in"ormation whi(h maybe taken thro+ghH
O !+r&eillan(eO %asing and li(itationO !+rre,titio+s entryO m,loyment o" te(hni(al means F$+gging and 7a,,ing de&i(eO 7a(ti(al 5nterrogationO )bser&ation and Des(ri,tion F)D
PERSONS AS SOURCES OF INFORMATION
I & N & 5t i t ll d " l h
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I#"'-a#& N$& 0 5t is a (ontrolled gro+, o" ,eo,le who
worked thro+gh the dire(tion o" the agent handler. 7hein"ormants ,rin(i,al or (+to+ts s+,,ly the agenthandler dire(tly or indire(tly with 5ntel in"ormation
I#"'-a#&s Ass$& ,eo,le sele(ted as so+r(es o"
in"ormation whi(h (o+ld be &ol+ntary or in(onsideration o" a ,ri(e.
O I#"'-a#& 0 re"ers to a ,erson who gi&es in"ormation tothe ,oli(e &ol+ntarily or in&ol+ntarily with o+t any(onsideration
O I#"'-$' 0 those who gi&e in"ormation to the ,oli(e "or
,ri(e or reward
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I#!$#&a( I#"'-a#& 0 a ,erson who (as+ally im,artsin"ormationto an o*(er with no intention o" ,ro&iding s+bseU+ent in"ormation
O R$!'+&$ I#"'-a#& 0 ,erson who is sele(ted (+lti&atedand de&elo,ed into a (ontin+o+s so+r(e o" in"o
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